专题04 数词，主谓一致
表示数量多少或顺序先后的词称为数词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。基数词表示数目“多少”；序数词表示数目的顺序“第几”。考查重点：日期的表达方法；某些数词的特殊表达形式；数词单位hundred, thousand, million的用法。
1.(2023·黑龙江)Red Star over China (《红星照耀中国》) is so popular that ________ of the students in our class have finished reading it.
A. two third B. two thirds C. second three
【答案】B
【解析】句意：《红星照耀中国》非常受欢迎，我们班三分之二的学生都读完了。
考查分数表达。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。B选项符合。故选B。
2.(2023·山东滨州)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls.
A. thousand; two third B. thousands; two third
C. thousand; two thirds D. thousands; two thirds
【答案】C
【解析】句意：去听这场音乐会的歌迷大约有三千人，其中三分之二是女孩。
考查thousand和分数的表达。thousand被具体的基数词修饰时，用单数形式，且不与of连用，表示具体的数词，空前有three，所以第一空填thousand；分数的表达：分子（基数词）/分母（序数词），当分子大于1时，分母中的序数词要变为复数，所以三分之二则表达为“two thirds”，故选C。
一、基数词
基数词的写法或读法 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。如one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five
0 zero
1 one 11 eleven 100 one hundred
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1,000 one thousand
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 one million
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10,000,000 ten million
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100,000,000 one hundred million
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1,000,000,000 one billion
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety
10 ten
1. 基数词的写法或读法
二、序数词
表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等
阿拉伯数字 基数词 序数词 序数词缩写
1 one first 1st
2 two second 2nd
3 three third 3rd
5 five fifth 5th
8 eight eighth 8th
9 nine ninth 9th
12 twelve twelfth 12th
20 twenty twentieth 20th
21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st
22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd
23 twenty-three twenty-third 23rd
三、数词的运用
数词下面几种用法
1.表示事物的编号，用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”。如：
Room 308 308房 the fifth floor 五楼
2.表示年月日，“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词。如：
1 October, 1949 1949年10月1日
3.表示时间，用基数词。如：
2∶10 two ten 3∶30 three thirty / half past three
4.表示百分数，用基数词。如：
80% eighty per cent 33% thirty-three per cent
5.表示小数，用基数词。如：
0.24 (zero) point two four 10.75 ten point seventy-five
6.表示电话号码，用基数词。如：
8370 9295 eight three seven o, nine two nine five
7.表示年龄，用基数词。表示第几个生日，用序数词。如：
Tom is five (years old). 汤姆五岁了。
8.表示分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数。1 / 5 one fifth 2/5 two-fifths
数词几种常见考点
(1) hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有具体数字或several时，用单数形式，但表示不确切的数目时，用hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等。
如：There are four hundred pupils in the primary school.
Hundreds of people get together at the station.
(2) “数词+名词”构成的复合形容词，该名词用单数形式。
如：a seven-day holiday, an 8-metre-long stick
(3) 表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时，分母用复数形式。
如：one third(三分之一)， three fifths(五分之三)
一、单项选择
1. There are ________ students in our school, but only ________ of them are girls.
A. hundreds of; two hundred B. hundred of; two hundreds
C. hundreds of; two hundreds D. hundred of; two hundred
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们学校有数百学生，但是只有两百个是女生。
考查数词用法。hundreds of“数以百计的”；two后hundred用原形。故选A。
2. I have ________ classes in the morning, and the ________ class is Chinese.
A. fourth; third B. four; three C. third; fourth D. four; third
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我上午有四节课，第三节课是中文课。
考查基数词和序数词。four四，基数词；three三，基数词；fourth第四，序数词；third第三，序数词。第一空表示课程的数量应用基数词four；第二空前有定冠词the修饰，应用序数词third“第三”表示顺序。故选D。
3. As the saying goes, “It’s never too late to learn,” My grandpa took up writing ________ the age of 70 and finished his novel ________ his eighties.
A. at, for B. by, at C. at, in D. by, for
【答案】C
【解析】句意：俗话说：“活到老，学到老。”我爷爷70岁时开始写作，80多岁时完成了他的小说。
考查介词辨析。at在；for后接一段时间；by到……为止；in后接某年某月某季节。at the age of表示“在……岁的时候”，故第一空填at。in one’s+基数词的复数形式，表示“在某人几十岁时”，故第二空填in，故选C。
4. It’s October 10th. Lucy is ________ years old now. Today is her ________ birthday.
A. twelve；twelfth B. twelfth；twelve C. twelve；twelve D. twelfth；twelfth
【答案】A
【解析】句意：今天是十月十日。露西现在十二岁了。今天是她十二岁生日。
考查数词。twelve十二，基数词；twelfth第十二，序数词。根据“years old”可知，空一处用基数词，表示12岁了；根据“birthday”可知，空二处用序数词，表示她的12岁生日。故选A。
5. About ________ of the engineers in the IT company seem to be in their ________.
A. a quarter; forties B. the quarter; fortieth C. one-four; forties D. one-fourth; fortieth
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这家IT公司大约四分之一的工程师似乎四十多岁。
考查分数和年龄段的表达。英语中分数的表达方式是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母要用序数词的复数形式，所以“四分之一”的表达是one-fourth，另外，“四分之一”还可表示为a quarter； “in one’s+整基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”，所以“在他们四十多岁时”的英文表达是in their forties。故选A。
6. I’m 14 ________. And he is a ________ boy.
A. year old, 15 years old B. year-old, 15 year-old
C. years old, 15 years old D. years old, 15-year-old
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我14岁。他是一个15岁的男孩。
考查年龄表达。years old“……岁”。14 years old表示“14岁”；15-year-old表示“15岁的”，作定语修饰空后名词boy。故选D。
7. About _______ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.
A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们学校图书馆大约五分之四的书是用中文写的。
考查分数表达。分子基数词，分母序数词，当分子大于一时，分母序数词用复数，four-fifths“五分之四”，。故选B。
8. Excuse me, I have ________ questions to ask.
A. two more B. more two C. another D. the others
【答案】A
【解析】句意：打扰了，我还要问两个问题。
考查代词辨析。two more再加两个；more two表达不正确；another另一个；the others其他。由“I have … questions to ask”可知，此处表示再问两个问题，用two more或another two。故选A。
9. —What class are you in
—I’m in ________.
A. Grade Seven, Class Two B. grade seven, class two
C. Class Two, Grade Seven D. class two, grade seven
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你在哪个班？——我在七年级二班。
考查编号的表达。表示“几年级几班”，用“Class+几班，Grade+几年级”，班级在前；表示“七年级二班”则是Class Two, Grade Seven。故选C。
10. —Dr. Bethune (白求恩) helped lots of Chinese ________. He was a great doctor.
—So people in both China and Canada still remember him now.
A. in the 1930 B. in 1930 C. in the 1930s D. in his 1930s
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——白求恩医生在20世纪30年代帮助了很多中国人。他是一位伟大的医生。——所以，中国人民和加拿大人民至今还记得他。
考查年份的表达。根据固定搭配“in+ the+逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在多少世纪多少年代”可知，选项C正确。故选C。
11. Half-time is a ________ period for players ________.
A. ten-minute; to rest B. ten-minute; resting
C. ten minutes’; to rest D. ten minutes’; resting
【答案】A
【解析】句意：中场休息时间对于球员来说就是可以休息的十分钟时间。
考查基数词和非谓语动词。基数词+连字符+名词单数，相当于形容词，修饰名词，题中第一空，“十分钟时间”的意思，有两种表达方式：a ten-minute period；ten minutes’ period；第二空，根据题干可知用动词不定式作后置定语修饰“period”，应填to rest，故选A。
12. —How do you say “9:50” in English
—It’s “________”.
A. ten past nine B. ten to ten C. ten to nine D. fifty past nine
【答案】B
【解析】句意： ——“9:50”用英语怎么说？——是“ten to ten”。
考查时间表达。ten past nine九点十分；ten to ten九点五十；ten to nine八点五十。9:50的英文表达是“ten to ten”。故选B。
13. He lives in ________.
A. room 203 B. Room 203 C. 203rd room D. Room 203rd
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他住在203房间。
考查基数词用法。用基数词表示编号，其中名词首字母要大写，基数词放在名词后面。故选B。
14. School activities are fun in December. We have _____ ball games, and the soccer game is on ____ day of December.
A. five; the second B. the fifth; the second C. five; two D. the fifth; two
【答案】A
【解析】句意：12月的学校活动很有趣。我们有五场球赛，足球比赛是在12月的第二天。
考查数词。five五，基数词；the second第二；the fifth第五；two二，基数词。根据“We have...ball games”并结合选项可知，此处表示有五场球赛，故应用基数词five，排除选项B和D。根据“and the soccer game is on...day of December”可知，此处表示在12月第二天，表顺序，故第二空应用序数词，其前要加定冠词the。故选A。
15. The river is ________.
A. 100 meter long B. 100-meter-long C. 100 meters’ long D. 100 meters long
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这条河有100米长。
考查长度的表达。表示长度时，用结构：基数词+单位词的复数+形容词，故100米长的英文表达为100 meters long。故选D。
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
【知识归纳】
语法一致原则
使用情况 例句
“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice.
and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.
both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England.
有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue.
“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.
不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 Is everyone here Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night ,but nobody was in.
主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei, with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate.
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式 This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed.
“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式 Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English.
【特例清单】
1.what从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式
What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。
What she needs are good books. 她需要的是一些好书。
2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式
Each boy and each girl has got a present. 每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。
意义一致原则
使用情况 例句
使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式 His family isn’t large. His family are fond of watching sports programs.
有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式 The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me
“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 The young are energetic.
某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数 Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five.
【特例清单】
1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式
The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达的国家。
2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数
None of the money belongs to me. 没有一分钱是属于我的。
None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class. 我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。
3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致
Most of her money is spent on clothes. 她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。
Half of the students watch TV twice a week. 一半的学生一周看两次电视。
三、就近原则
使用情况 例句
由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong.
Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate.
一、单项选择
1. —I am so thirsty. Can I have _______ to drink
—There _______ apple juice in the fridge. Do you want it
A. something; is a little B. anything; are some C. anything; is some D. something; are a few
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我好渴。我能喝点什么吗？——冰箱里有一点苹果汁。你想要吗？
考查不定代词和主谓一致。something一些东西，通常用于肯定句中或表示希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中；anything任何东西，通常用于否定句或者疑问句中；a little一些，接不可数名词；are是，复数；is是，单数；some一些；a few一些，接可数名词。根据“I am so thirsty. Can I have”可知，第一个设空处是希望得到肯定答复的问句，填something；第二个设空处后“apple juice”是不可数名词，结合“Do you want it ”可知，是有一些苹果汁，设空处前是“There”，遵循就近原则，填is。故选A。
2. Look at Frank’s bedroom. There ________ a bed, a desk, a chair and a computer in it.
A. have B. are C. has D. is
【答案】D
【解析】句意：看看弗兰克的卧室。里面有一张床、一张桌子、一把椅子和一台电脑。
考查there be句型。此处是there be结构，遵循就近原则，根据“a bed”可知be动词用is。故选D。
3. ________ my father ________ my mother can play taiji. They will learn it this summer.
A. Both, and B. Not only, but also C. Neither, nor D. Either, or
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我爸爸和我妈妈都不会打太极。他们今年夏天要学。
考查连词辨析。both...and两者都；not only...but also不但……而且；neither...nor既不……也不；either...or或者……或者。根据“They will learn it this summer.”可知他们今年要学，所以现在他们两个都不会，用neither...nor连接。故选C。
4. ________ Mrs. Wu ________ Dr. Ma shows great interest in the book we are talking about. They want to know more about it.
A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. /; and
【答案】C
【解析】句意：不仅吴太太而且马博士对我们正在谈论的那本书都表现出极大的兴趣。他们想知道更多。
考查连词。both…and……和……都；either…or要么……要么；not only…but also不但……而且；and和。根据“They want to know more about it.”可知，都想多了解，他们俩都表现极大的兴趣，排除B。根据shows是三单可知，此空应填not only…but also遵循“就近原则”，故选C。
5. —Please remember: ________ success ________ failure is your final result. It’s only a new beginning of your life journey.
—OK, I’ll try my best to do it well.
A. either...or B. neither...nor C. both...and D. not only...but also
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——请记住：成功和失败都不是你的最终结果。这只是你人生旅程的一个新的开始。——好的，我会尽力把它做好的。
考查连词辨析。either...or或者……或者；neither...nor既不……也不；both...and两者都；not only...but also不但……而且。根据“It’s only a new beginning of your life journey.”可知失败和成功只是人生旅程的一个新的开始，所以成功和失败都不是最终结果，用neither...nor。故选B。
6. —Here is some ________. Would you like to have some
—Yes, please.
A. bread B. hamburgers C. strawberries D. apples
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——这是一些面包。你想来点吗？——是的，请。
考查名词辨析。bread面包；hamburgers汉堡包；strawberries草莓；apples苹果。根据“Here is some”可知是here be句型，遵循“就近原则”，设空处应该是不可数名词或可数名词单数，只有选项A符合题意。故选A。
7. No news ________ good news.
A. am B. are C. is D. be
【答案】C
【解析】句意：没有消息就是好消息。
考查主谓一致。am是，用于主语是第一人称单数现在时；are是，用于主语第二人称以及复数的现在时；is是，用于主语是第三人称单数或者不可数名词的现在时；be是。本题是一句谚语，用一般现在时，主语中“news新闻，消息”是不可数名词，所以be动词用is。故选C。
8. I have some money, and I think 29 yuan ________ enough.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我有一些钱，我想29元足够了。
考查be动词。金钱“29 yuan”作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故选C。
9. —Sir, how many bananas do you need
—Three pounds ________ OK.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——先生，您需要多少香蕉？——三磅就可以了。
考查主谓一致。表示金钱、时间、距离、长度等的复数名词作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。句中主语是“Three pounds”，be动词应该用单数，时态为一般现在时，系动词用is，故选C。
10. The population of China ______ over 1.3 billion now. And it is becoming larger and larger.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】句意：中国的人口现已超13亿。现在这个数量正在变得越来越大。
考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据“now”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，population“人口”作主语，be动词要用单数形式is。故选A。
11. The police ________ making notes on the man ________ his neighbour.
A. is; murdering B. are; murdering C. is; murdered D. are; murdered
【答案】B
【解析】句意：警察正在记录这名谋杀邻居的男子的情况。
考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。“The police”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，根据现在分词“making”可知，时态为现在进行时，空一填be动词are；“the man”和“murder”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语，表示“这名谋杀邻居的男子”，故空二填murdering。故选B。
12. My family ________ for dinner now. We’re busy.
A. is cooking B. are cooking C. cooks D. cook
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的家人们现在正在做饭。我们很忙。
考查时态。根据“now”和“We’re busy.”可知，现在正在做的事情，时态为现在进行时，谓语用“be动词+现在分词”的结构，cooking为动词现在分词，排除C和D，又因后句表示我们很忙，可推测此处是家人们正在做饭，主语My family为复数，be动词用are。故选B。
13. —The homeless ________ so poor that they have nowhere to live.
—Exactly, but to our joy, the local government can ________ them with special places to stay.
A. is; offer B. are; give C. are; provide D. is; afford
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——无家可归的人如此的穷，以至于他们没地方住。——的确，但是让我们高兴的是，当地政府能够给他们提供特殊的住处。
考查主谓一致和动词辨析。offer提供；give给；provide提供；afford付得起。the homeless表示所有无家可归的人，表复数概念，因此be动词用are；排除A和D；provide sb with sth表示“提供某人某物”。故选C。
14. The old ________ the cold more than the young.
A. feels B. feel C. is feeling D. are feeling
【答案】B
【解析】句意：老年人比年轻人更会感到寒冷。
考查感官动词和主谓一致。结合语境和主语“The old老年人”可知，当“the+形容词”作主语表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数，排除选项A和C。本句中“feel感到”属于系动词，一般不用进行时态。故选B。
15. —How many students are in the classroom
—______ them ______ forty.
A. The number of; are B. A number of; are C. The number of; is D. A number of; is
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——教室里有多少个学生 ——他们的数量是四十。
考查主谓一致原则。the number of... ……的数量，作主语谓语用单数；a number of...很多，作主语谓语用复数。根据“How many students are in the classroom ”可知要回答“他们的数量是四十”。故选C。
16. The number of teachers in our school ________ small and a large number of them ________ women teachers.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is, is
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们学校的教师人数很少，其中大部分是女教师。
考查主谓一致。根据“The number of teachers”可知，此处表示“……的数量”，the number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以第一空be动词用is；根据“a large number of them”可知，此处表示“大量的……”，a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，因此第二空be动词用are。故选C。
17. Everyone ________ to have at least eight ________ sleep at night.
A. needs; hour’s B. need; hours’ C. needed; hour’s D. needs; hours’
【答案】D
【解析】句意：每个人晚上都需要至少8小时的睡眠。
考查主谓一致和名词所有格。根据题干可知，此处说的是一般性事实，句子应用一般现在时。句子主语是不定代词everyone，谓语动词用单数形式，排除BC。第二空是指8小时的睡眠，应用复数名词hours的名词所有格hours’修饰sleep。故选D。
18. Doing sports ________ one of the best ways ________ your physical health.
A. are, improving B. is, to improve C. are, improves D. is, improve
【答案】B
【解析】句意：运动是改善身体健康的最好方法之一。
考查主谓一致及非谓语。句子主语是动名词短语“Doing sports”，谓语应用单数，排除A/C选项；第二空作后置定语，应用不定式形式，故选B。
19. There are two roads, and either________ to the station.
A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads
【答案】D
【解析】句意：有两条路，其中一条通向车站。
考查动词时态及主谓一致。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时，代词either作主语，谓语动词用其单三形式。故选D。
20. Playing the piano ________ Jack ________ good.
A. make; feel B. makes; feels C. makes; feel D. make; feels
【答案】C
【解析】句意：杰克钢琴弹得很好。
考查主谓一致以及非谓语动词。动名词作主语，动词用三单；make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，第二空填省略to的动词不定式作宾补，故选C。
21. When something _______ you, you needn’t _______ it all the time.
A. worries; worry B. worry ; worry about C. worries; worry about D. worries about; worry
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当某事使你担心时，你不必总是担心它。
考查动词和动词短语。复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词使用单三形式，worry sb.使某人担心；worry about sth.担心某事。第一个空后宾语是you，故第一个空为worries；need此处为情态动词，后面使用动词原形，第二个空后宾语是it，故使用worry about。故选C。
22. —Does this rabbit ________ a big ear
—No, it doesn’t. But it ________ a big nose.
A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——这只兔子有一只大耳朵吗？——不，没有。但是它有一个大鼻子。
考查一般疑问句和主谓一致。第一句是一般疑问句，句中有助动词does，动词用原形have，排除A、B；第二空主语是it，动词用单三形式has，故选C。
23. Forty-five percent students ________ four to six times a week in our class.
A. exercise B. exercises C. exercised D. exercising
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们班百分之四十五的学生每周锻炼四到六次。
考查一般现在时和主谓一致。exercise运动，动词原形；exercises动词三单；exercised过去式或过去分词；exercising现在分词或动名词。根据“four to six times a week”可知，句子时态为一般现在时；根据“Forty-five percent students”可知，百分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词和名词保持一致，students为第三人称复数，谓语动词用原形exercise。故选A。
24. ________ of the students in that rural school ________ left-behind children.
A. Three-fifth; is B. Three-fifths; is C. Three-fifth; are D. Three-fifths; are
【答案】D
【解析】句意：那所乡村学校五分之三的学生都是留守儿童。
考查分数的表达和主谓一致。表达分数时分母用序数词，分子用基数词，分子大于1时，分母加s；结合选项可知，第一空表达“五分之三”，应用three-fifths；“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定，句中“students”是复数名词，故第二空应用“are”。故选D。
25. ________ of the Earth ________ covered with water.
A. Seventh-tens; are B. Seventh-tens; is C. Seven-tenths; are D. Seven-tenths; is
【答案】D
【解析】句意：十分之七的地球是被水覆盖的。
考查分数的表达及语法一致。分数的表达为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数，即加s，因此本句中“十分之七”应表示为seven-tenths，故排除选项AB；又因为当分数作主语时，谓语要与of后面的名词单复数保持一致，earth是单数，因此谓语用is。故选D。
26. ________ of the boys________ playing basketball.
A. Two thirds; is B. Two thirds; are C. Second three; is D. Seconds three; are
【答案】B
【解析】句意：三分之二的男孩正在打篮球。在英语中，在表达分数时，分子要用基数词，分母用序数词；若分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。two thirds2/3，排除选项C和D。分数后面的the boys是复数形式，be动词用are，故答案选B。
27. Different kinds of tea ________ different water temperatures, brewing times and processes. What about ________ to a teahouse in Chibi to taste its brick tea
A. requires; coming B. require; come C. requires; come D. require; coming
【答案】D
【解析】句意：不同种类的茶需要不同的水温、冲泡时间和工艺。来赤壁的茶馆尝尝那里的砖茶怎么样？
考查动词用法。第一句的主语是“Different kinds of tea”，kind表示“种类”，此处是复数形式，本句是一般现在时，require用原形；What about doing sth.表示“做某事……”，此处用coming。故选D。
28. —Here comes the bus! Where is Mr Wu
—He can’t go to the theatre with us. He with some foreigners ________ our school.
A. visit B. are visiting C. is visiting D. visits
【答案】C
【解析】句意：—公共汽车来了！吴先生在哪里？ —他不能和我们一起去看戏。他和一些外国人正在参观我们的学校。
考查时态。根据“Where is Mr Wu ”可知，这里要用现在进行时，用“am/is/are+现在分词”结构，该句主语为He，be动词用is，故选C。
29. Everyone except Tom and Mike ________ Wuxi before.
A. has gone to B. have been to C. has been to D. have gone to
【答案】C
【解析】句意：除了汤姆和迈克，每个人都去过无锡。
考查现在完成时以及主谓一致。have been to去过（已回来）；have gone to去了（还未回来）。根据“before”可知已经回来，用结构have been to；根据“Everyone except Tom and Mike”可知此处except连接的成分作主语时，遵循“就远原则”，谓语动词和Everyone保持一致，助动词用has。故选C。
30. Maggie as well as her sisters __________ shopping every Friday afternoon.
A. goes B. going C. go D. went
【答案】A
【解析】句意：玛吉和她的姐妹们每周五下午都去购物。
考查时态及主谓一致。根据“every Friday”可知用一般现在时，主语“Maggie as well as her sisters”遵循就远一致原则，与Maggie保持一致，用动词第三人称单数形式goes。故选A。专题04 数词，主谓一致
表示数量多少或顺序先后的词称为数词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。基数词表示数目“多少”；序数词表示数目的顺序“第几”。考查重点：日期的表达方法；某些数词的特殊表达形式；数词单位hundred, thousand, million的用法。
1.(2023·黑龙江)Red Star over China (《红星照耀中国》) is so popular that ________ of the students in our class have finished reading it.
A. two third B. two thirds C. second three
【答案】B
【解析】句意：《红星照耀中国》非常受欢迎，我们班三分之二的学生都读完了。
考查分数表达。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。B选项符合。故选B。
2.(2023·山东滨州)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls.
A. thousand; two third B. thousands; two third
C. thousand; two thirds D. thousands; two thirds
【答案】C
【解析】句意：去听这场音乐会的歌迷大约有三千人，其中三分之二是女孩。
考查thousand和分数的表达。thousand被具体的基数词修饰时，用单数形式，且不与of连用，表示具体的数词，空前有three，所以第一空填thousand；分数的表达：分子（基数词）/分母（序数词），当分子大于1时，分母中的序数词要变为复数，所以三分之二则表达为“two thirds”，故选C。
一、基数词
基数词的写法或读法 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。如one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five
0 zero
1 one 11 eleven 100 one hundred
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1,000 one thousand
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 one million
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10,000,000 ten million
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100,000,000 one hundred million
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1,000,000,000 one billion
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety
10 ten
1. 基数词的写法或读法
二、序数词
表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等
阿拉伯数字 基数词 序数词 序数词缩写
1 one first 1st
2 two second 2nd
3 three third 3rd
5 five fifth 5th
8 eight eighth 8th
9 nine ninth 9th
12 twelve twelfth 12th
20 twenty twentieth 20th
21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st
22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd
23 twenty-three twenty-third 23rd
三、数词的运用
数词下面几种用法
1.表示事物的编号，用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”。如：
Room 308 308房 the fifth floor 五楼
2.表示年月日，“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词。如：
1 October, 1949 1949年10月1日
3.表示时间，用基数词。如：
2∶10 two ten 3∶30 three thirty / half past three
4.表示百分数，用基数词。如：
80% eighty per cent 33% thirty-three per cent
5.表示小数，用基数词。如：
0.24 (zero) point two four 10.75 ten point seventy-five
6.表示电话号码，用基数词。如：
8370 9295 eight three seven o, nine two nine five
7.表示年龄，用基数词。表示第几个生日，用序数词。如：
Tom is five (years old). 汤姆五岁了。
8.表示分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数。1 / 5 one fifth 2/5 two-fifths
数词几种常见考点
(1) hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有具体数字或several时，用单数形式，但表示不确切的数目时，用hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等。
如：There are four hundred pupils in the primary school.
Hundreds of people get together at the station.
(2) “数词+名词”构成的复合形容词，该名词用单数形式。
如：a seven-day holiday, an 8-metre-long stick
(3) 表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时，分母用复数形式。
如：one third(三分之一)， three fifths(五分之三)
一、单项选择
1. There are ________ students in our school, but only ________ of them are girls.
A. hundreds of; two hundred B. hundred of; two hundreds
C. hundreds of; two hundreds D. hundred of; two hundred
2. I have ________ classes in the morning, and the ________ class is Chinese.
A. fourth; third B. four; three C. third; fourth D. four; third
3. As the saying goes, “It’s never too late to learn,” My grandpa took up writing ________ the age of 70 and finished his novel ________ his eighties.
A. at, for B. by, at C. at, in D. by, for
4. It’s October 10th. Lucy is ________ years old now. Today is her ________ birthday.
A. twelve；twelfth B. twelfth；twelve C. twelve；twelve D. twelfth；twelfth
5. About ________ of the engineers in the IT company seem to be in their ________.
A. a quarter; forties B. the quarter; fortieth C. one-four; forties D. one-fourth; fortieth
6. I’m 14 ________. And he is a ________ boy.
A. year old, 15 years old B. year-old, 15 year-old
C. years old, 15 years old D. years old, 15-year-old
7. About _______ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.
A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth
8. Excuse me, I have ________ questions to ask.
A. two more B. more two C. another D. the others
9. —What class are you in
—I’m in ________.
A. Grade Seven, Class Two B. grade seven, class two
C. Class Two, Grade Seven D. class two, grade seven
10. —Dr. Bethune (白求恩) helped lots of Chinese ________. He was a great doctor.
—So people in both China and Canada still remember him now.
A. in the 1930 B. in 1930 C. in the 1930s D. in his 1930s
11. Half-time is a ________ period for players ________.
A. ten-minute; to rest B. ten-minute; resting
C. ten minutes’; to rest D. ten minutes’; resting
12. —How do you say “9:50” in English
—It’s “________”.
A. ten past nine B. ten to ten C. ten to nine D. fifty past nine
13. He lives in ________.
A. room 203 B. Room 203 C. 203rd room D. Room 203rd
14. School activities are fun in December. We have _____ ball games, and the soccer game is on ____ day of December.
A. five; the second B. the fifth; the second C. five; two D. the fifth; two
15. The river is ________.
A. 100 meter long B. 100-meter-long C. 100 meters’ long D. 100 meters long
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
【知识归纳】
语法一致原则
使用情况 例句
“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice.
and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.
both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England.
有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue.
“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.
不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 Is everyone here Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night ,but nobody was in.
主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei, with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate.
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式 This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed.
“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式 Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English.
【特例清单】
1.what从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式
What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。
What she needs are good books. 她需要的是一些好书。
2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式
Each boy and each girl has got a present. 每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。
意义一致原则
使用情况 例句
使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式 His family isn’t large. His family are fond of watching sports programs.
有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式 The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me
“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 The young are energetic.
某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数 Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five.
【特例清单】
1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式
The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达的国家。
2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数
None of the money belongs to me. 没有一分钱是属于我的。
None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class. 我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。
3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致
Most of her money is spent on clothes. 她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。
Half of the students watch TV twice a week. 一半的学生一周看两次电视。
三、就近原则
使用情况 例句
由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong.
Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate.
一、单项选择
1. —I am so thirsty. Can I have _______ to drink
—There _______ apple juice in the fridge. Do you want it
A. something; is a little B. anything; are some C. anything; is some D. something; are a few
2. Look at Frank’s bedroom. There ________ a bed, a desk, a chair and a computer in it.
A. have B. are C. has D. is
3. ________ my father ________ my mother can play taiji. They will learn it this summer.
A. Both, and B. Not only, but also C. Neither, nor D. Either, or
4. ________ Mrs. Wu ________ Dr. Ma shows great interest in the book we are talking about. They want to know more about it.
A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. /; and
5. —Please remember: ________ success ________ failure is your final result. It’s only a new beginning of your life journey.
—OK, I’ll try my best to do it well.
A. either...or B. neither...nor C. both...and D. not only...but also
6. —Here is some ________. Would you like to have some
—Yes, please.
A. bread B. hamburgers C. strawberries D. apples
7. No news ________ good news.
A. am B. are C. is D. be
8. I have some money, and I think 29 yuan ________ enough.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
9. —Sir, how many bananas do you need
—Three pounds ________ OK.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
10. The population of China ______ over 1.3 billion now. And it is becoming larger and larger.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
11. The police ________ making notes on the man ________ his neighbour.
A. is; murdering B. are; murdering C. is; murdered D. are; murdered
12. My family ________ for dinner now. We’re busy.
A. is cooking B. are cooking C. cooks D. cook
13. —The homeless ________ so poor that they have nowhere to live.
—Exactly, but to our joy, the local government can ________ them with special places to stay.
A. is; offer B. are; give C. are; provide D. is; afford
14. The old ________ the cold more than the young.
A. feels B. feel C. is feeling D. are feeling
15. —How many students are in the classroom
—______ them ______ forty.
A. The number of; are B. A number of; are C. The number of; is D. A number of; is
16. The number of teachers in our school ________ small and a large number of them ________ women teachers.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is, is
17. Everyone ________ to have at least eight ________ sleep at night.
A. needs; hour’s B. need; hours’ C. needed; hour’s D. needs; hours’
18. Doing sports ________ one of the best ways ________ your physical health.
A. are, improving B. is, to improve C. are, improves D. is, improve
19. There are two roads, and either________ to the station.
A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads
20. Playing the piano ________ Jack ________ good.
A. make; feel B. makes; feels C. makes; feel D. make; feels
21. When something _______ you, you needn’t _______ it all the time.
A. worries; worry B. worry ; worry about C. worries; worry about D. worries about; worry
22. —Does this rabbit ________ a big ear
—No, it doesn’t. But it ________ a big nose.
A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have
23. Forty-five percent students ________ four to six times a week in our class.
A. exercise B. exercises C. exercised D. exercising
24. ________ of the students in that rural school ________ left-behind children.
A. Three-fifth; is B. Three-fifths; is C. Three-fifth; are D. Three-fifths; are
25. ________ of the Earth ________ covered with water.
A. Seventh-tens; are B. Seventh-tens; is C. Seven-tenths; are D. Seven-tenths; is
26. ________ of the boys________ playing basketball.
A. Two thirds; is B. Two thirds; are C. Second three; is D. Seconds three; are
27. Different kinds of tea ________ different water temperatures, brewing times and processes. What about ________ to a teahouse in Chibi to taste its brick tea
A. requires; coming B. require; come C. requires; come D. require; coming
28. —Here comes the bus! Where is Mr Wu
—He can’t go to the theatre with us. He with some foreigners ________ our school.
A. visit B. are visiting C. is visiting D. visits
29. Everyone except Tom and Mike ________ Wuxi before.
A. has gone to B. have been to C. has been to D. have gone to
30. Maggie as well as her sisters __________ shopping every Friday afternoon.
A. goes B. going C. go D. went
