专题20 翻译（课件）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用）(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
导师：稻壳儿
二轮复习讲练测
第二十讲：翻译
01
考情分析
02
知识建构
03
真题研析
04
考点提炼
目录
CONTENTS
05
题型特训
01
考情分析
PART ONE
翻译句子是考查考生对句型掌握的熟练程度。翻开从近年来全国各省市的中考试卷，“翻译”题出现的频率极高。实际上，翻译包含了对词汇、语法、句型、惯用法等各方面的考查。通常以汉译英为主，有时也考查英译汉。重点考查同学们的语言综合运用能力。要求同学熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识，把握句型结构，避免中式英语。方法问题需要同学们掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤。
翻译填空以考查习惯用语为主，也有考查连词、介词、动词、代词等，在解题过程中，自然要涉及对语法的考查。比方说要填写的是动词短语，不可能只让考生填写动词不定式。这要求解题时，根据其在句子中的语法作用，将其变成适当的时态或语态，也有可能用分词短语或不定式短语。
02
知识构建
PART TWO
1.根据汉语完成句子。（前面19讲，作专题讲练）
2.句子翻译题。
3.语篇翻译题。
03
真题研析
PART THREE
（2023·山东潍坊）
36. 中国制造的电动汽车已经进入了欧洲市场。 (electric, enter) （汉译英）
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】Electric cars made in China have already entered the European market.
【解析】electric cars“电动汽车”；made in China“中国制造的”，作定语；enter“进入”；the European market“欧洲市场”；already“已经”，此句是现在完成时，主语是复数形式，助动词用have，故填Electric cars made in China have already entered the European market.
37. 尽管电子产品被广泛使用，人们仍然需要纸质书。 (even though) （汉译英）
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】Even though electronics are widely used, people still need printed books.
【解析】even though“尽管”，引导让步状语从句；electronics“电子产品”；be widely used“被广泛使用”；people“人们”；still“仍然”；need“需要”；printed books“纸质书”，此句是一般现在时，故填Even though electronics are widely used, people still need printed books.
38. 对中国人而言，茶不仅是饮料，还是一门艺术和一种文化。 (not only ... but also ... ) （汉译英）
_____________________________________________
【答案】For Chinese/to the Chinese, tea is not only a drink, but also an art and a culture.
【解析】for Chinese/to the Chinese“对中国人而言”；tea“茶”；not only…but also“不但……而且……”；a drink“饮料”；an art and a culture“一门艺术和一种文化”，此句是一般现在时，故填For Chinese/to the Chinese, tea is not only a drink, but also an art and a culture.
（2023·湖南永州）
语篇翻译（共8分, 每小题2分）
阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语，并将答案填写在答题卡上对应题号的横线上。
Bringing Books
Alice has always loved reading. “Growing up, I was really shy, so I always turned to books.” she says. In 2019, Alice was in high school when her dad had a serious illness. Books became an even bigger comfort. She started thinking about families in similar situations. 1. When Alice’s dad got better, she came up with a plan to help others. “The idea came from just the great thanks to the doctors who saved her dad.” she says.
Alice started a book drive in her hometown. The goal was to collect books for kids being treated for serious illnesses in local hospitals. Her father was not surprised. “2. 她总是对书籍感兴趣。” he says. “And she always wanted to do things for the neighborhood.” She called the book drive for Love & Buttercup. She’s collected more than 10,000 books.
Alice started by posting on social media. 3. 她请求她家乡的人捐书。“I was expecting maybe two or three replies from neighbors.” she says. “But it ended up blowing up.” News stations began reporting it.
Alice continues to run the book drive. She gets help from her parents. “We do the driving.” her dad says. She hopes to one day spread the project to reach more kids. The memory of the first time she visited children who had received her books sticks with her. “It was the best day of my life.” she says. “4. I realized I wanted to do this kind of work forever.”
【答案】51. 当爱丽丝父亲的病情好点后，她想出了一个计划来帮助其他人。
52. She is always interested in books.
53. She asked people in her hometown to give away books.
54. 我意识到我想永远做这种工作。
【解析】本文主要讲述了爱丽丝在家乡发起了一场读书运动以及社交媒体上发帖来帮助他人。
51.When“当……时候”；Alice’s dad got better此处是指“爱丽丝父亲的病情好点”；she“她”；came up with a plan“想出一个计划”；to help others“帮助其他人”。故填：当爱丽丝父亲的病情好点后，她想出了一个计划来帮助其他人。
52.she“她”；always“总是”；be interested in“对……感兴趣”，句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式；book“书籍”，此处应用复数表示泛指。故填She is always interested in books.
53.she“她”；ask“请求”，动词，根据前句可知本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式；ask sb to do sth“请求某人做某事”；people“人们”； in her hometown“在她家乡”，是介词短语作定语修饰people；give away books“捐书”。故填She asked people in her hometown to give away books.
54.I“我”；realized“意识到”；wanted to do“想做”；this kind of work“这种工作”；forever“永远”。故填：我意识到我想永远做这种工作。
04
考点提炼
PART FOUR
考向探究
常考的句型及结构
一、宾语从句
状语从句
三、定语从句
四、感叹句
五、被动语态
六、祈使句
七、非谓语动词结构
常常考的句子结构
1. There be…结构
2.One of+形容词最高级+名词复数
3. How do you like… “How do you like… ”（＝What do you think of… ）
4. It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
5. It’s time to do sth./It’s time for sth.该干……了。
6.It’s+adj +of/for sb. to do
7. enough +adj/adv to do
8. too...to...太……以至于不能……。
9. so...that...如此……以至于……。
10. not...until...直到……才……。
11. neither...nor...既不……,也不……。
12.e either...or...要么……,要么……。
13.no matter...无论……。
14.as...as 和……一样。
15.as soon as 一……就……。
16.不定式疑问式wh to do
17.had better 最好。
18. not only...but also...“不但……而且……”
19. The＋比较级..., the＋比较级...
20. It’s＋数词＋量度单位＋long/ wide/ tall/ high/ deep…
21. have＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
22. since 自从。（完成时态）
解题方法
一、找
找考点及固定搭配
同学们在做翻译句子的时候，可不能随心所欲。看到一个句子，首先就要弄清楚这道题要考我们什么，这里有哪些固定搭配。要知道每个句子通常都会包含几个知识点或者说固定词语搭配。大家在做其他题型的时候也可以尝试这样做，这有利于知识点的巩固。举几个例子：
二、审
确定时态语态
时态和语态是我们初中英语学习的重点内容，也是中考英语考查的热点。我们从卷面上看，不少同学常常因为时态和语态的错误，而导致丢分。因此，大家一定要注意时态和语态，根据句意和时间状语，来确定时态语态，以便确保准确翻译。
三、查
检查句子结构是否正确。
就是需要大家掌握英语的句型结构，从基本的五种简单句开始，这方面的知识在前期文章中有详细讲解，大家可以搜索查看。在汉译英中的句型大致包括简单句、并列句、复合句三种类型。对于简单句，我们需要弄清主语、谓语、宾语、定语等句子成分；对于并列句，需要把握好并列连词的运用；对于复合句，需要辨别状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句的不同用法。
总之，解题有方法，但是更重要的是我们要有扎实的基础，在平时的英语学习中，同学们要注意词汇短语搭配的积累，同时加强汉译英翻译训练，在练习中巩固词汇。掌握方法，提升翻译能力，为取得高分打下坚实的基础。
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
（2023·山东滨州）
英汉互译
1. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
__________________________________________________________________________。
【答案】孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越有好处。
【解析】这是“the 比较级，the比较级”的结构，表示“越……越……”。“earlier”表示“越早”，“better”表示“越好”。“kids learn to be independent”表示“孩子们学会独立”；“it is for their future”表示“对他们的未来”。故填：孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越有好处。
2. As long as we pull together, we are sure to be successful in the end.
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】只要我们团结在一起，我们坚信最后一定能成功。
【解析】as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句；we“我们”；pull together“团结在一起”；are sure to“坚信”；be successful“成功”；in the end“最后”。故填：只要我们团结在一起，我们坚信最后一定能成功。
3. 刘老师经常鼓励我们用英语交流。(encourage)
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】Mr. Liu often encourages us to communicate with others in English.
【解析】鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb. to do sth.；经常：often，句子用一般现在时，主语是Mr. Liu，谓语动词用单三；我们：us；和其他人交流：communicate with others；用英语：in English。故填Mr. Liu often encourages us to communicate with others in English.
4. 当我们遇到困难时必须保持冷静。(keep one’s cool)
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】When we are in trouble, we should keep our cool.
【解析】当：when；从句主语是we；遇到困难：be in trouble，句子用一般现在时，be动词用are；主句主语是we；应该：should，后加动词原形；保持冷静：keep one’s cool，此处用形容词性物主代词our。故填When we are in trouble, we should keep our cool.
5. 毫无疑问，中国非常擅长修建桥梁和铁路。(be good at)
________________________________________________________________
【答案】Without doubt, China is good at building bridges and railways.
【解析】毫无疑问：without doubt；擅长做某事：be good at doing sth.，句子用一般现在时，主语是China，be动词用is；修建桥梁和铁路：build bridges and railways。故填Without doubt, China is good at building bridges and railways.
（2023·山东威海）
Judy向她的朋友介绍威海图书馆，请根据情境完成句子。
6. 我听说你想找个安静的地方学习。
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I heard you wanted (to find) a quiet place/somewhere quiet to study.
【解析】I“我”；hear“听说”；you“你”；want to do“想要做”；find“找到”；a quiet place/somewhere quiet“一个安静的地方”；study“学习”，动词，此处应用动词不定式作定语。根据语境可知句子应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填I heard you wanted (to find) a quiet place/somewhere quiet to study.
7. 市中心有一家非常现代的图书馆。
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There is a very modern library in the city center/centre/in the center/centre of the city.
【解析】there be“有”；a very modern library“一家非常现代的图书馆”，作主语，be动词用is；in the city center/centre或in the center/centre of the city“在市中心”。故填There is a very modern library in the city center/centre/in the center/centre of the city.
8. 它每周二到周日对公众开放。
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】It is open/opens to the public from Tuesday to Sunday every week.
【解析】it“它”；此处表示“开放”，可以应用be open to（形容词）或open to（动词）；the public表示“公众”；from...to...“从……到……”；Tuesday“周二”；Sunday“周日”。every week“每周”，时间状语位于句尾。故填It is open/opens to the public from Tuesday to Sunday every week.
9. 如今它已成为威海最受欢迎的地方之一。
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】These days/Now it is/has been/has become one of the most popular places in Weihai.
【解析】these days和now都可以表示“如今”；it is/has been/has become在此处可以表示“它已经成为……”；one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“……最……之一……”；most popular“最受欢迎的”；place“地方”；in Weihai“在威海”。故填These days/Now it is/has been/has become one of the most popular places in Weihai.
10. 昨天上午我到那儿的时候，很多人在看书。
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】When I got there yesterday morning, many people were reading books./When I arrived there yesterday morning, there were many people reading books.
【解析】when“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句；I“我”；get/arrive there“到达那里”；yesterday morning“昨天早上”，是一般过去时的时间状语，动词用过去式；表示“很多人在看书”可以用many people were reading books或there were many people reading books，前者是过去进行时结构，后者是there be句型，reading是现在分词作定语。故填When I got there yesterday morning, many people were reading books./When I arrived there yesterday morning, there were many people reading books.
11. 如果你有兴趣，周末我可以陪你一起去。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】If you have interest (in it), I will/can go with you on weekends/on the weekend.
【解析】if“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则。you“你”；have interest (in it)“有兴趣”；I“我”；can“能够”；go with you“和你一起去”；on weekends/on the weekend“周末”。故填If you have interest (in it), I will/can go with you on weekends/on the weekend.
阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子翻译成中文。
After work, you go back home, open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered (送递) to your home. (26)This shows how many young people eat in China these days. According to a latest report, 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services.
Which group of people is ordering food online the most For sure, it is mainly young people.
A recent report by Meituan, a food delivery service, showed that 86.3% of the service’s users are between 20 and 34 years old. (27)These people are the main group that is driving the development of the food delivery industry.
Small families depend largely on food delivery services. (28)Chinese families have changed in size over the past ten years. In 2002, only 7.7% of families have only one person. But this number increased to 15.6% in 2017. Two-person families rose from 18.4% in 2002 to 27.2% in 2017. For small families, cooking always takes a lot of time and energy, so ordering food online has become more popular.
（2023·辽宁营口）
【答案】26. 这显示了现在中国有多少年轻人吃东西。
27. 这些人是推动外卖行业发展的主要群体。
28. 在过去的十年里，中国家庭的规模发生了变化。
【解析】本文主要介绍了近年来外卖越来越受欢迎，受众主要是年轻人群体，
26.This“这”；shows“显示了”；how many“多少”；young people“年轻人”；eat“吃”；in China“在中国”；these days“现在”。故填“这显示了现在中国有多少年轻人吃东西。”
27.These people“这些人”；are“是”；the main group“主要群体”；that引导定语从句，在句中作主语；is driving“正在推动”；the development of the food delivery industry“外卖行业发展”。故填“这些人是推动外卖行业发展的主要群体。”
28.Chinese families“中国家庭”；have changed“变化了”；in size“在规模上”；over the past ten years“在过去的十年里”。故填“在过去的十年里，中国家庭的规模发生了变化。”
2023·湖南湘潭·统考中考真题）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Good afternoon, everyone. It’s my honor to be the first speaker. I’m Michelle from the pros (正方). 1. We agree that kids should share chores at home. And we have the following reasons.
To begin with, kids need to know it is their duty to do chores. 2.他们与父母生活在一起。They should know that if they want to have a clean and comfortable home, everyone should do their part. 3. For example. kids can do the dishes or clean the rooms. Sharing housework also helps them to understand the idea of fairness.
Then, doing chores together helps bring the family closer. When kids help mom fold the clothes, they can have lovely chats about what has happened during the day. 4 It’s helpful for kids to relax. Besides, just as the saying goes “Many hands make easy work.”, the chores will be finished more easily if everyone does something.
Lastly, doing chores helps the kids to grow. 5.它教会孩子们照顾自己 and helps develop their independence. So the earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
Thank you!
【答案】1．我们同意孩子们应该在家里分担家务。 2．They live with their parents. 3．例如，孩子们可以洗碗或打扫房间。
4．这对孩子们放松是有帮助的。 5．It teaches children to take care of themselves.
【解析】本文主要介绍了孩子在家分担家务的好处。
1．we我们；agree同意；kids孩子们；should应该；share chores分担家务；at home在家。故填：我们同意孩子们应该在家里分担家务。
2．句子用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形；和……生活在一起：live with sb.；他们的父母：their parents。故填They live with their parents.
3．For example例如；kids孩子们；can可以；do the dishes洗碗；or或者；clean the rooms打扫房间。故填：例如，孩子们可以洗碗或打扫房间。
4．helpful有帮助的；for对于；kids孩子们；relax放松。故填：这对孩子们放松是有帮助的。
5．句子用一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词用单三teaches“教”；教某人做某事：teach sb. to do sth.；孩子们：children；照顾他们自己：take care of themselves。故填It teaches children to take care of themselves.
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