专题16 短文填空（首字母，自由填空，选词，杂糅）（课件）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用）(共60张PPT)

(共60张PPT)
导师：稻壳儿
二轮复习讲练测
第十六讲：短文填空
01
考情分析
02
知识建构
03
真题研析
04
考点提炼
目录
CONTENTS
05
题型特训
01
考情分析
PART ONE
短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是10-15分，分为10个小题。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空，要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。
该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。
02
知识构建
PART TWO
03
真题研析
PART THREE
考向1 选词填空
it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit hundred
（2023·广东）
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put ____1____ in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess ____2____ it is Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history
According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ____3____ their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝). About 800 years ago, people made a kind of brushes with pig hair and bamboo. It might ____4____ the world’s earliest form of toothbrushes. As time went ____5____, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair ____6____ pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back to ____7____ of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably. It sounds fantastic, doesn’t it
Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It became ____8____ among local people soon. The ____9____ of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good ____10____ of brushing teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it.
【答案】1. it 2. what 3. cleaned 4. be 5. by 6. because
7. hundreds 8. popular 9. invention 10. habit
【解析】本文介绍了牙刷的历史和功能。
1.句意：我们通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“a small thing”，需用代词it。故填it。
2.句意：你能猜出它是什么吗？根据“Can you guess...it is ”可知是询问猜出它是什么。what“什么”。故填what。
3.句意：根据一些研究，在牙刷出现之前，中国古人用一些小树枝清洁牙齿。根据“before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people...their teeth...”可知没有牙刷，古人会用树枝清洁牙齿。clean the teeth表示“清理牙齿”；句子是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填cleaned。
4.句意：这可能是世界上最早的牙刷。此处是系表结构，情态动词might后跟be动词原形。故填be。
5.句意：随着时间的推移，牙刷的形状也发生了变化。As time went by“随着时间的流逝”。故填by。
6.句意：例如，人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛，因为猪毛太硬了。前后句之间是因果关系，前果后因，用because表示“因为”。故填because。
7.句意：想象一下，你回到几百年前，舒舒服服地刷牙。根据“About 800 years ago”可知此处是hundreds of短语，表示“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。
8.句意：它开始流行起来。根据“It became...among local people soon.”可知空处需填入形容词作表语，popular“受欢迎的”符合语境。故填popular。
9.句意：牙刷的发明不像造纸术那样出名，但在日常生活中非常有用。根据“The...of toothbrushes”可知是指牙刷的发明。invention“发明”。故填invention。
10.句意：今天我们养成了刷牙的好习惯。根据“Today we have a good...of brushing teeth.”可知刷牙是好习惯。have a good habit of“有一个……好习惯”。故填habit。
04
考点提炼
PART FOUR
选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。
STEP 1详读选项，词分类
文章选项中的10个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这10个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律 排列在试卷上。这样就缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。
STEP 2略读全文，定中心
考生拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的 问题。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以 便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。在此，建议大家使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。
STEP 3瞻前顾后，灵活选
词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格的前后单词或者前后语句确定所要填的词性，然后从分 类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空 的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑 关系做出选择。
STEP 4复核检查，定结果
篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的 复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即 可确定为最后答案。
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
（2024·广东佛山·一模）
请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
live especially fall change for build hometown he impossible dangerous walk still
In the morning , Wang Xin rides his new bike to school. This year, Wang Xin’s parents bought a bike 1 him.
Wang Xin now 2 in a small village in the mountains. Life used to be very hard for him and 3 family. The main road was steep (陡峭的) and had many “Z” shape turnings. So it was very 4 to drive or ride bikes on this road. All other roads in the village were filled with stones. Many people easily fell down because of these stones and hurt themselves, 5 at night.
For little kids like Wang Xin, they had to 6 to school every day for at least two and a half hours. Recently, great 7 have taken place in this village. Thanks to the local government, the new roads were 8 . Since all of the roads now are wide and smooth, Wang Xin and other kids now can ride their bikes to school. It only takes them half an hour to get to school, which is 9 for students in the past.
“Our village is becoming more and more beautiful now. I want to go to college to learn more knowledge and make a contribution (贡献) to my 10 ” Wang Xin said. “We are all really thankful to our great government.”
【答案】1．for 2．lives 3．his 4．dangerous 5．especially 6．walk 7．changes 8．built 9．impossible 10．hometown
【解析】本文主要介绍了王欣的村庄近些年的变化。
1．句意：今年，王欣的父母给他买了一辆自行车。根据“bought a bike”可知，buy sth for sb“为某人买某物”。故填for。
2．句意：王欣现在住在山里的一个小村庄里。根据“Wang Xin now...in a small village in the mountains.”可知，此处说的是王欣的居住地；本句时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，动词live“居住”要用单三形式。故填lives。
3．句意：对他和他的家人来说，过去的生活非常艰难。根据“him and...family”可知，此处指“他和他的家人”，应用he的形容词性物主代词形式his修饰名词。故填his。
4．句意：所以在这条路上开车或骑自行车是非常危险的。根据“The main road was steep and had many ‘Z’ shape turnings.”可知，在陡峭的路上骑车很危险，dangerous“危险的”，符合语境。故填dangerous。
5．句意：许多人很容易因为这些石头摔倒而受伤，尤其是在晚上。根据“Many people easily fell down because of these stones and hurt themselves”可知，夜晚出行尤其危险，especially“特别，尤其”，符合语境。故填especially。
6．句意：对于像王欣这样的孩子来说，他们每天至少要走两个半小时的路去上学。根据“drive or ride bikes on this road”可知，他们不能骑车或开车上学，因此只能步行；walk“步行”，符合语境。故填walk。
7．句意：最近，这个村子发生了很大的变化。根据“have taken place in this village”可知，此处说的是村子的变化，应用可数名词change“变化”的复数形式。故填changes。
8．句意：多亏了当地政府，新的道路得以修建。根据“the new roads were”可知，此处指“修路”，主语new roads是动作的承受者，应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done；build“修建”的过去分词为built。故填built。
9．句意：到学校只需要半个小时，这对过去的学生来说是不可能的。根据“for at least two and a half hours”可知，半个小时就能到学校，这在以前是不可能的，impossible“不可能的”，符合语境。故填impossible。
10．句意：我想上大学，学习更多的知识，为家乡做贡献。根据“Our village is becoming more and more beautiful now. I want to go to college to learn more knowledge and make a contribution to...”可知，此处指“为家乡做贡献”，hometown“家乡”，符合语境。故填hometown。
（2023·四川成都）短文填空从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺 (每词限用一次)。
actual advantage chance child difficult difference few hear many possible silence tell
Do you believe a rose plant says “I want some water” or a tree shouts “My arms hurt” Maybe you will say this could only happen in some ___1___ stories.
In fact, plants are not always ___2___. A recent study has found plants shout when they are in need of water or having their stems cut. “Even in a quiet field, there are___3___ some sounds that carry information. However, the pitch (音高) is too high for people ___4___,” said Lilach Hadany, a professor from Tel Aviv University.
The researchers used microphones to record some tomato plants and found that stressed plants send out ___5___ sounds than unstressed plants. “When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Professor Hadany said. They also trained a machine in ___6___ the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants. The result shows that when the causes of stress change, they shout ___7___. After the team recorded many kinds of other plants, they found that many plants like corn, wheat and grape plants send out sounds when they are under stress, too.
“There is a ___8___ that a lot of communication is happening,” Professor Hadany said. “Because other plants can probably hear the call of the stressed plants.”
Sound recordings of plants could bring humans lots of ___9___, especially in farming. For example, people will make sure whether corn is getting enough water or where water is needed most without much ___10___.
【答案】1. children’s 2. silent 3. actually 4. to hear 5. more 6. telling
7. differently 8. possibility 9. advantages 10. difficulty
【解析】本文是一篇科普类的文章，介绍了植物在承受不同压力的时候会发出不同的声音，并且介绍了植物的记录在农业方面的好处。
1.句意：也许你会说这只会发生在一些儿童故事中。根据“this could only happen in some… stories”及备选词可知，只会发生在一些儿童故事中，要用child的复数形式children，且修饰名词stories，用其名词所有格形式，故填children’s。
2.句意：事实上，植物并不总是沉默的。根据“there are… some sounds that carry information”可知，植物会发出一些声音来传递信息，所以它们并不是沉默的，silent“沉默的”，故填silent。
3.句意：即使在安静的田野里，实际上也有一些携带信息的声音。此空缺少副词作状语，备选词actual的副词actually“实际上”符合，故填actually。
4.句意：然而，音调太高，人们听不到。根据“the pitch (音高) is too high for people”及备选词可知，人们听不到这些声音，hear“听”，too…to“太……而不能”，故填to hear。
5.句意：研究人员用麦克风记录了一些番茄植株，发现受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音。根据than可知，此处用比较级，根据“When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet”可知，当番茄完全没有承受压力时，它们会非常安静，也就是说受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音，many的比较级more“更多的”符合，故填more。
6.句意：他们还训练了一台机器来区分干渴的植物和被切割的植物。根据“the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants”及备选词可知，讲述干渴的植物和切割的植物之间的区别，tell“讲述”，in是介词，后接动名词，故填telling。
7.句意：研究结果表明，当压力的原因发生变化时，它们产生的效果会有所不同。根据“when the causes of stress change, they shout”以及备选词可知，压力原因发生变化，产生的效果也不同，副词differently修饰动词shout，故填differently。
8.句意：有一种可能性是大量的交流正在发生。根据a可知，此空应填名词，备选词possible的名词possibility符合，表示一种可能性，故填possibility。
9.句意：植物的记录可以给人类带来很多好处，尤其是在农业方面。根据“people will make sure whether corn is getting enough water…”可知，会给人们带来一些好处，advantage“优势”，lots of修饰名词的复数形式，故填advantages。
10.句意：例如，人们可以毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水。根据前文描述可知，这种记录可以给人们带来好处，所以此处指毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水，without difficulty“毫不费力地”，故填difficulty。
03
真题研析
PART THREE
考向2 首字母填空
（2023·江苏扬州）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Peter Pan wishes Wendy, John and Michael, especially Wendy, would stay in Neverland forever, but finally the Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.
“Quick
Tink,” Peter whispers. “S____1____ the window. Then when Wendy comes back, she will think her mother doesn’t love her anymore, and she will return to Neverland with me.”
Mrs. Darling is playing the piano. Peter didn’t know the tune, Home, Sweet Home, b____2____ he knows it’s saying, “Come back, Wendy, Wendy, Wendy.” Peter looks through the door and sees two big tears in Mrs. Darling’s eyes.
“She loves Wendy,” he thinks. “But I love Wendy, too. We c____3____ both have her.”
He looks at Mrs. Darling again. The two tears are still sitting on her e____4____.
“Oh, all right,” he says at last, sadly. Then he opens the window.
When Wendy, John, and Michael arrive, they find the window o____5____ for them. They all get into bed to surprise their mother.
When Mrs. Darling goes back to the children’s room, they are all in their beds. They wait for her to say something, but she says n____6____. She thinks she is dreaming. She sits by the fire.
The children are so w____7____. Why isn’t their mother happy to see them again All three of them jump out of bed, run to her and shout, “Mother!” She realizes she is not d____8____ anymore. Mr. Darling and Nana come in. They are all so happy. Peter w____9____ them from the window but he is looking at something he will never have.
Many years pass. When Peter visits Wendy again, she has g ____10____ up and has a daughter of her own. Peter is still a boy who can’t grow up.
—Taken from Peter Pan
【答案】1. (S)hut 2. (b)ut 3. (c)an’t 4. (e)yes 5. (o)pen 6. (n)othing
7. (w)orried 8. (d)reaming 9. (w)atches 10. (g)rown
【解析】本文出自文学作品《彼得·潘》，讲述了小飞侠彼得·潘决定把朋友送回家的故事。
1句意：关上窗户。根据“S... the window”可知，彼得想关上窗户，shut“关闭”符合语境，祈使句用动词原形开头。故填(S)hut。
2.句意：彼得不知道《家，甜蜜的家》这首曲子，但他知道它在说：“回来吧，温蒂，温蒂。”。根据“Peter didn’t know”和“he knows”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填(b)ut。
3.句意：我们不可能都拥有她。根据“She loves Wendy”和“But I love Wendy, too.”可知，他们都爱温蒂，但不能同时拥有她，can’t“不能”符合语境。故填(c)an’t。
4.句意：那两滴眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上。根据“two tears”可知，眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上，eye“眼睛”，用复数。故填(e)yes。
5.句意：当温蒂、约翰和迈克尔到达时，他们发现窗户为他们打开了。根据“Then he opens the window.”可知，窗户是开着的，open“打开的”，形容词作宾补。故填(o)pen。
6.句意：他们等她说什么，但她什么也没说。根据“They wait for her to say something, but…”可知，她什么也没说，不定代词nothing“什么都没有”符合语境。故填(n)othing。
7.句意：孩子们很担心。根据“Why isn’t their mother happy to see them again ”可知，孩子们是担心的，worried“担心的”，形容词作表语。故填(w)orried。
8.句意：她意识到自己不是在做梦了。根据“All three of them jump out of bed, run to her and shout, ‘Mother!’ ”可知，孩子们去喊妈妈，让她知道自己没有在做梦，孩子们真的回来了，dream“做梦”，用现在分词形式与is构成现在进行时。故填(d)reaming。
9.句意：彼得从窗户看着他们，但他看到的是他永远不会拥有的东西。根据“but he is looking at something he will never have.”可知，彼得在看着他们，watch“看，注视”符合语境，时态为一般现在时，主语是“Peter”，动词用三单。故填(w)atches。
10.句意：当彼得再次拜访温蒂时，她已经长大了，有了自己的女儿。根据“Many years pass.”可知，温蒂长大了，grow up“长大”，固定短语，grow用过去分词形式与has构成现在完成时。故填(g)rown。
04
考点提炼
PART FOUR
首字母填空
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
（2023-24·江苏扬州统考）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的单词使短文完整。（每空一词）
Chinese writer Hai Ya’s The Space-Time Painter won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette on Oct 21. He became the t____1____ Chinese writer to win a Hugo award after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Hao Jingfang in 2016.
When creating The Space Time Painter, Hai Ya got his i____2____ from a famous painting, A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains. It is by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Based on Wang, Hai created a character named Zhao Ximeng w____3____ painted for an emperor more than 1,000 years ago. After many hard times, Zhao’s mind leaves his body and enters a space where a modern policeman is trying to s____4____ a case about an ancient painting
Hai Ya’s story with science fiction began in his childhood. “When I was a child, the bookstore in my hometown helped create a beautiful g____5____ in my mind. In it, science fiction offered the most beautiful ‘flowers’,” Hai Ya told Beijing Youth Daily. He added that science fiction opened a new world for h____6____. Hai Ya’s works feature a mix of history and science fiction. These two styles seem o____7____: One looks back at the past, and the other faces the future. However, in Hai Ya’s works, they find a perfect balance.
“If we can only i____8____ the future and things in space like rockets, it will only limit our imagination,” Hai Ya told Shenzhen Special Zone Daily “I don’t think h____9____ is something completely in the past. It is flowing (流动的), and we can make predictions (预测) about the future by looking back at history,” he added.
More Chinese writers today are trying to mix t____10____ culture with modern stories. Hai Ya believes that it is not a choice but a natural process. “Our history and culture have lasting values that can touch everyone,” he said to Xinhua.
【答案】1. (t)hird 2. (i)dea##(i)deas 3. (w)ho 4. (s)olve 5. (g)arden
6. (h)im 7. (o)pposite 8. (i)magine 9. (h)istory 10. (t)raditional
【解析】本文主要介绍了海漄创作的《时空画家》以及他对作品的看法。
1.句意：继2015年的刘慈欣和2016年的郝景芳之后，他成为第三个获得雨果奖的中国作家。根据“after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Hao Jingfang in 2016” 可知，海漄是第三个获得雨果奖的中国作家，结合首字母提示t可知，序数词third “第三” 符合语境。故填(t)hird。
2.句意：在创作《时空画家》时，海漄的想法来源于一幅名画《江山图》。根据首字母提示i可知，idea表示 “想法”，单复数均符合语境。故填(i)dea/(i)deas。
3.句意：在王希孟的基础上，海漄创造了一个名叫赵希孟的人物，他在1000多年前为一位皇帝作画。根据“a character named Zhao Ximeng ...painted for an emperor”可知，此处要填关系代词作主语引导定语从句，先行词Zhao Ximeng为人，应用who。故填(w)ho。
4.句意：在经历了许多艰难的时刻之后，赵希孟的思想离开了他的身体，进入了一个试图解决一个与古画有关的案件的现代警察的身体。solve a case “解决案件，破案”，动词不定式后面接动词原形。故填(s)olve。
5.句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，家乡的书店在我的脑海里创造了一个美丽的花园。根据“the most beautiful ‘flowers’ ”和首字母提示g可知，花种在花园里，garden “花园”，符合语境。故填(g)arden。
6.句意：他补充说，科幻小说为他打开了一个新世界。根据“opened a new world for”可知，指的是为他打开一个新世界，此处填人称代词宾格him。故填(h)im。
7.句意：这两种风格似乎是相反的：一种是回顾过去，另一种是面向未来。根据“One looks back at the past, and the other faces the future.”可知，两种两者风格是相反的，结合首字母o可知，opposite “完全相反的”，符合句意。故填(o)pposite。
8.句意：如果我们只能想象未来和太空中的东西，比如火箭，那只会限制我们的想象力。根据“it will only limit our imagination”和首字母i可知，此处指“想象”，情态动词后面接动词原形。故填(i)magine。
9.句意：我不认为历史完全是过去的事情。根据“something completely in the past”和首字母h可知，过去的事情指的应该是历史，history “历史”，不可数名词，符合语境。故填(h)istory。
10.句意：如今，越来越多的中国作家试图将传统文化与现代故事结合起来。根据“mix...culture with modern stories”可知，此处指传统文化与现代故事结合，traditional “传统的”，形容词作定语，符合句意。故填(t)raditional。
03
真题研析
PART THREE
考向3 自由填空
（2023·湖南岳阳）
阅读填空。根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Volunteering means that someone works to help people without being paid. Volunteers help people who really need help. There are many places where you can see different volunteers.
At school gates, you can see some volunteers with red vests (马甲). Can you guess ____41____ they are They are parent volunteers. When students go ____42____ the street, parent volunteers ____43____ up a “SLOW” sign to let drivers slow down. In order to become professional traffic volunteers, parents are supposed to learn how to give directions to students and stop them from ____44____ soccer on the road. ____45____ of these volunteers, students can get to school and go back home safely. Yueyang Daily reports many parents are looking ____46____ to being a volunteer. They wish to make an effort to protect students’ safety. Another group of “red vests” show up on main roads.
They help cleaners pick up dirty paper, plastic bags, glass bottles and so on. They ask the passers-by (路人) not to throw the rubbish everywhere. “____47____ you please take away your rubbish ” “Would you mind picking up your cigarette butts (烟头) ...” ____48____ their work seems simple, they still take it seriously. Wherever you go, you can see volunteers in red vests, they have become the most beautiful scenes in our city.
Some teenagers ____49____ their free time in hospitals or old people’s homes. They cheer sick kids up or look after old people. In the countryside, some college students play an important role ____50____ volunteering. They can provide science and technology help for farmers. Some volunteers work as teachers in village schools.
A lot of volunteers give their kindness with a helping band. They can make a difference to people in need and the society.
【答案】41. who 42. across 43. put 44. playing 45. Because 46. forward
47. Could 48. Although##Though 49. spend 50. in
【解析】本文主要介绍不同地方的不同志愿者。
41.句意：你能猜到他们是谁吗？根据“Can you guess...they are They are parent volunteers.”可知，猜他们是谁，用who引导宾语从句，故填who。
42.句意：当学生过马路时，家长志愿者会竖起一个“SLOW”的标志，让司机减速。根据“When students go...the street”可知，此处是go across the street短语，意为“过马路”，故填across。
43.句意：当学生过马路时，家长志愿者会竖起一个“SLOW”的标志，让司机减速。根据“parent volunteers...up a ‘SLOW’ sign”可知，此处是put up短语，意为“举起”，故填put。
44.句意：为了成为专业的交通志愿者，父母应该学会如何给学生指路，阻止他们在路上踢足球。根据“stop them from...soccer on the road”可知，此处是play soccer短语，意为“踢足球”，from是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填playing。
45.句意：因为有了这些志愿者，学生们可以安全地上学和回家。根据“...of these volunteers, students can get to school and go back home safely.”可知，因为志愿者，学生们可以安全上下学，because of“因为”符合语境，句首需大写首字母。故填Because。
46.句意：据《岳阳日报》报道，许多家长都期待着成为一名志愿者。根据“Yueyang Daily reports many parents are looking...to being a volunteer.”可知，此处是look forward to短语，意为“期待”，故填forward。
47.句意：请你把垃圾拿走好吗？根据“...you please take away your rubbish ”可知，请对方把垃圾带走，用could表示委婉语气，句首需大写首字母。故填Could。
48.句意：虽然他们的工作看起来很简单，但他们仍然认真对待。分析“...their work seems simple, they still take it seriously.”可知，前后两句构成让步关系，用although/though引导让步状语从句，句首需大写首字母。故填Although/Though。
49.句意：一些青少年在医院或敬老院度过他们的空闲时间。根据“Some teenagers...their free time in hospitals or old people’s homes.”可知，此处指度过他们的空闲时间，spend“度过”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填spend。
50.句意：在农村，一些大学生在志愿服务中发挥着重要作用。根据“some college students play an important role...volunteering”可知，此处 play an important role in短语，意为“在……中起重要作用”，故填in。
04
考点提炼
PART FOUR
自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。
满分技巧
1. 解题步骤：
（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；
（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；
（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；
（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what, which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
（2023·重庆）
根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。请将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。
After exercising, the first thing that you want to do is to drink up a glass of cold water. When the water travels down your throat, you will ____54____ so good. However, you are often told not to do so. Is drinking ____55____ water really unhealthy
Cold water is said to slow down a person’s digestion(消化). Having cold water or a cold drink makes your body’s temperature l____56____. Cold water causes your blood vessels (血管) to become narrower (更狭窄的). So, the body needs to burn energy to bring your ____57____ back to normal. At the same time, less energy is used for digestion.
Think of your digestive system as a burning pot. If someone suddenly poured cold water into this pot what would ____58____ Doing this would be dangerous. Similarly, when you drink cold water while eating, it is ____59____ adding water to a burning pot. Of course, it isn’t that bad, but it is a good way to explain why drinking cold water during meals maybe a bad idea. ____60____ you cannot control your urge(冲动) to do so, drinking water at room temperature is a better choice.
Traditional Chinese medicine suggests trying to avoid drinking cold water. And modern studies in Europe point out drinking cold water causes headaches. Scientists are doing more research on this. Maybe in the future t____61____ can give us more helpful information.
【答案】54. feel 55. cold 56. (l)ow 57. temperature 58. happen 59. like 60. If
61. (t)echnology
【解析】本文主要介绍了经常性饮用冷水对身体所产生的不良影响。
54.句意：当水顺着你的喉咙流下来时，你会感觉很好。根据“After exercising, the first thing that you want to do is to drink up a glass of cold water.”可知很多人运动后，要做的第一件事就是喝一杯冷水，因为水顺着喉咙流下来时，会感觉很好，feel“感觉”，动词，will后用动词原形，故填feel。
55.句意：喝冷水真的不健康吗？根据下文“Cold water is said to slowdown a person’s digestion(消化).”可知是指冷水，应用cold water，故填cold。
56.句意：喝冷水或冷饮会使你的体温降低。根据“Having cold water or a cold drink makes your body’s temperature l...”可知喝冷水会降低体温，low“降低”，动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，故填(l)ow。
57.句意：所以，身体需要燃烧能量来使你的体温恢复正常。根据“So, the body needs to burn energy to bring your...back to normal”可知喝冷水后身体需要燃烧能量来使你的体温恢复正常，此处应填名词temperature“温度”。故填temperature 。
58.句意：把你的消化系统想象成一个燃烧的锅，如果有人突然往锅里倒冷水，会发生什么？根据“If someone suddenly poured cold water into this pot what would...”可知是指如果向燃烧的热锅里倒冷水会发生什么，happen“发生”，动词，would后加动词原形，故填happen。
59.句意：同样，当你在吃饭的时候喝冷水，就像在烧着的锅里加水一样。根据“when you drink cold water while eating, it is...adding water to a burning pot”可知此处是作比喻，在吃饭的时候喝冷水就像在烧着的锅里加水。like“像”，介词，故填like。
60.句意：如果你无法控制自己想要喝水的冲动，那么在室温下喝水是更好的选择。根据“you cannot control your urge(冲动) to do so, drinking water at room temperature is a better choice.”可知前句是后句的条件，应用if引导条件状语从句，故填If。
61.句意：也许在未来技术可以给我们更多有用的信息。根据“Scientists are doing more research on this. Maybe in the future t...can give us more helpful information.”可知科学家们正在对此进行更多的研究。说明未来技术也许可以给我们更多有用的信息。technology“科技”符合语境，故填(t)echnology。
请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
Two friends, Jim and Stew, joined a big sales company together just after their graduation.____66____of them worked really hard.
Three years ____67____, the company’s director promoted (提拔) Stew to sales executive. Jim did not get any promotion.
Jim thought it was unfair, so he asked his boss ____68____ he didn’t appreciate（赏识）the hard-working workers. The boss knew that Jim worked hard, and to show the ____69____ between him and Stew, he asked, “Go and find anyone selling watermelons in the market. ”
When Jim ____70____, the boss asked him, “How much per kilogram ” Jim didn’t ask the seller about that, so he went back to the market and then returned to say the price - $12 per kg.
Then the boss asked Stew the ____71____ thing. Stew went to the market, and when he returned, he said, “At the moment there is one person ____72____ watermelons, 10 kg. Now he has 340 watermelons in stock (有存货). On the table there are 48 watermelons, and each of them weighs about 15 kg. Watermelons were bought from ____73____ south two days ago, so they are fresh. ”
Hearing this, Jim realized the differences between him and Stew. He knew that he could learn a lot ____74____ his friend.
Successful people can think and see further. They think and see the future, ___75____ most people see only tomorrow. Let’s learn from them.
【答案】66. Both 67. later 68. why 69. differences 70. returned
71. same 72. selling 73. the 74. from 75. But/while
03
真题研析
PART THREE
考向4 提示词和杂糅性型
（2023·湖南邵阳）
Li Bai was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. He loved nature, especially big mountains and rivers. When he was 24 years old, he ____41____ (leave) home and traveled to Chengdu and Mount Emei, and then down the Yangtze River.
Li Bai wrote lots of poems about the beautiful mountains. He also wrote a lot about the ____42____ (月亮). These poems are loved by many Chinese people, f____43____ example Thoughts on a Tranquil Night (《静夜思》).
In his forties, Li Bai met another great poet, Du Fu, in Luoyang. They two became close friends. They traveled together for some time, visited other poets and had a great time. Li Bai gave Du Fu a lot of inspiration in the art of poetry. But ____44____ (they) poems were different. Li Bai’s poems were ____45____ (usual) about nature, while Du Fu wrote many poems to express the feelings of the ordinary people. They will always be remembered.
【答案】41. left 42. moon 43. (f)or 44. their 45. usually
【解析】本文主要向我们介绍著名的诗人李白，以及李白和杜甫诗歌风格的差异。
41.句意：24岁时，他离开家，到成都和峨眉山旅行，然后沿江而下。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填left。
42.句意：他还写了很多关于月亮的文章。moon“月亮”，在介词后作宾语，故填moon。
43.句意：这些诗歌受到许多中国人的喜爱，例如《静夜思》。for example“例如”，固定短语，故填(f)or。
44.句意：但是他们的诗是不同的。此处作定语修饰“poems”，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填their。
45.句意：李白的诗通常是关于自然的，而杜甫写了很多诗来表达普通人的感情。此处在句中作状语，用副词形式，故填usually。
04
考点提炼
PART FOUR
提示词填空之类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写
杂糅型短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型，如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
（2023·重庆）
根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺，并将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。
Many successful people follow a similar routine (常规). This helps them make the best use of their days. This also helps sleep well at night. One of the most important things successful people do is to get ready for the next day the night before. Let’s see ____54____ they do that.
Learn to relax
Successful people say it is important to relax. Some enjoy listening to music, w____55____ others like taking a bath before going to bed. Studies show that a 15-minute bath an hour or two before bedtime helps them sleep better. Sleeping well tonight means a good day tomorrow.
Put the phone down
Studies show that the blue light from a phone is bad for our sleep. Successful people c____56____ their phone use. They don’t sleep with their phones nearby. They put phones away an hour ____57____ bedtime and they use an alarm clock to wake up.
Think about today
Before sleep, it helps to think about the day. Many ____58____ people think about the good things from the day. This helps them to learn and to change. It also ____59____ them to make a plan for a good (perhaps even better) day tomorrow.
Make a ____60____
Many successful people make plans for their activities the next day. It helps them sleep well. This is important because sleeping b____61____ sometimes makes everything seem worse the next day. Making plans also helps them wake up relaxed, happy and ready for the new day.
【答案】54. how 55. (w)hile 56. (c)ontrol 57. before 58. successful
59. helps##encourages 60. plan 61. (b)adly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍成功人士的一些习惯。
54.句意：让我们看看他们是怎么做的。根据“Let’s see...they do that.”和后文介绍可知，是介绍方法，how“如何”符合语境。故填how。
55.句意：一些人喜欢听音乐，而另一些人喜欢在睡觉前洗个澡。根据“Some enjoy listening to music, w...others like taking a bath before going to bed.”可知，前后构成对比关系，while“然而”符合语境，故填(w)hile。
56.句意：成功人士会控制手机的使用。根据“Successful people c...their phone use. They don’t sleep with their phones nearby.”可知，成功人士会控制手机的使用，control“控制”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(c)ontrol。
57.句意：他们在睡觉前一小时把手机收起来，用闹钟叫醒自己。根据“They put phones away an hour...bedtime”可知，他们在睡觉前一小时把手机收起来，before“在……之前”符合语境。故填before。
58.句意：许多成功的人都会想到一天中美好的事情。根据“Many...people think about the good things from the day.”和全文内容可知，谈论成功人士，successful“成功的”，作定语修饰people。故填successful。
59.句意：这也能帮助/鼓励他们为美好的（甚至更好的）明天做一个计划。根据“It also...them to make a plan for a good (perhaps even better) day tomorrow.”可知，回顾一天可以帮助/鼓励为明天做一个计划，help“帮助”/encourage“鼓励”，时态是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单。故填helps/encourages。
60.句意：制定一个计划 根据“Many successful people make plans for their activities the next day.”可知，本段建议制定一个计划，plan“计划”，a修饰可数名词单数。故填plan。
61.句意：这一点很重要，因为睡眠不好有时会让第二天的事情看起来更糟。根据“This is important because sleeping b...sometimes makes everything seem worse the next day.”可知，睡眠不好有时会让第二天的事情看起来更糟，用副词badly修饰动词。故填(b)adly。

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