浦东新区2023学年度第二学期期中教学质量检测
高二英语试卷
(考试时间 90分钟，满分100分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A(6分)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear six short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.Amazing. B.Boring. C.Ironic. D.Silly.
2. A. At a travel agency. B.At a bank. C. In a hotel. D. In a hospital.
3A.A traditional custom. B.A common behavior.
C.An upcoming lecture. D.An international speech.
4. A. Fellow workers. B.Boss and secretary.
C. Husband and wife. dear D.Waitress and customer.
5. A. Go to the theatre. B.Cook breakfast
C. Look after the kids. D.Clean the room.
6. A. She missed her family a lot.
B. She had neck pain during the trip.
C.The flight took her 16 hours straight.
D.The return trip turned out to be exhausting.
Section B(12 分)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 7 through 10 are based on the following passage.
7. A. Ways to appreciate cultures. B. Different views on culture respect.
C. Purposes of culture exploration. D.The role of culture in education.
8. A. Following the suit. B.Engaging with foreign people.
D. Sharing people’s experiences. D.Exploring the cultural context.
9. A.It can improve mutual understanding. B.It can approach various cultures.
C. It can boost respect among countries. D. It can save time to build a bond.
10.A.By making documentaries. B.By conversing with tourists.
C. By following the steps of guides. D. By searching for reliable sources.
Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.
10. A. she was inspired by some famous artists.
B.She discovered her passion for art as a child.
C. She was influenced by the charm of nature.
D.She studied colors and shapes when young.
12.A.Childhood memory. B. Fascinating scenery.
C.Daily moments. D.A sense of curiosity.
13. A.She tries to avoid short periods of work. B. She only creates when she feels inspired.
C.She values persistence and self-discipline. D. She prefers not to have a fixed routine.
14. A. Maya is preparing for her masterpiece. B. Maya likes using watercolors recently.
C.Maya fears new opinions from viewers. D.Maya hopes to link herself with nature.
II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10分)
Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A place where young people can shine
Kindergarten Without Walls is a unique concept different from the traditional model of education. ___1___ (house) in a small general store, this unconventional “kindergarten” opens its doors for free to mainly migrant children and children in difficulty. It ___2___ (offer) a range of activities — from singing and dancing to painting, watching movies, reading books, and playing games — since 2018. The Kindergarten Without Walls sounds like the ultimate dream for any child.
The kindergarten is funded by its founder Tang Haoduo,who aims to create a supportive and caring community for children in the neighborhood. And the volunteers come from different walks of life. ___3___ the weather is, they will step in as teachers on time, offering their time and expertise to the children. Tang, an art teacher at a public junior high school, ___4___ (involve) in social art practice for 5 years by the end of this November. His vision gives migrant children a chance to express and enjoy ___5___. As an artist, his dream was to establish a space that is not just a short-term endeavor, but a long-term commitment to ____6____ (build) a community of artistic expression and cooperation.
Zhu, an art practice researcher, notes that the starting point of this Kindergarten is humble and down-to-earth. “Tang is an ordinary person ___7___ neighborhood, where the kindergarten is located, is not different from his own life,” she says. Zhou believes healing from personal trauma (创伤) is a joint effort requiring the support and involvement of a compassionate community ___8___ a lonely journey. “The ___9___ (good) part of Tang’s project lies in the authentic growth of the relationships between the children, families, neighbors, and broader community. It is the spontaneous, beautiful things in people and the community ____10____ grow naturally, given an opportunity”, she says.
Section B(10分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. unremarkable B.drawn C. practical D.sensation E.setbacks F.resolving G.applauding H.inevitably I.originality J. subsequent K.essentially
How did the Wright brothers take flight
Wilbur and Orville Wright didn’t care much for attention. But after publicly demonstrating their flying machine, the inventors of the airplane became overnight international___11___. Crowds gathered, watching them go airborne (升空) and___12___their genius and courage. Thousands followed their achievements, which repeatedly made front-page news. While it might sound nice to say the Wrights were born inventors and geniuses who had always been ___13___ to aeronautics (航空学), that’s not really the case. Beginning in their Midwestern youth, the brothers faced numerous___14___. Their achievements stemmed from their own initiative and___15___.
Before they made history, Wilbur and Orville were, in one sense, fairly___16___ children. They didn’t meet the typical standards of success.Though Wilbur was well read and Orville took advanced courses, neither graduated from high school and both struggled to get by on their own early in life. At the start, the brothers didn’t intend to invent the airplane. They simply reviewed what others had published about aeronautic, hoping they could make some sort of contributions. And that was when they noticed, to their surprise, very little progress had been made in the field. Wilbur and Orville realized that flight experiments had hit three main roadblocks to progress. They lacked a way to control the aircraft, a good wing design and a propulsion (推动力) system to power the flight. From there, ___17___these problems became the brothers’ goal. Through trial and error, on December 17, 1903, the brothers flew the first manageable aircraft into the air, which proved the Wright Flyer could make a sustained, controlled and powered heavier-than-air flight. The aerial age truly began.
Though the Wright brothers had made history, their airplane was___18___only a proof of concept. It could make straight-line flights, but the design didn’t yet have any ___19___use for society. In the ___20___years of hard work and devotion, the brothers refined their aircraft. In1908, Wilbur demonstrated their plane in France, successfully proving what he and Orville had done.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A (15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In a culture obsessed with measuring talent and ability, we often overlook the important role of inspiration because of its complicated nature. Its history of being treated as supernatural hasn’t helped the___21___. But as recent research shows, inspiration has a major effect on important___22___.
Inspiration is the springboard for creativity. Being in a state of inspiration ___23___the creativity of writing samples across scientific writing, poetry and fiction. Inspired writers are more ___24___and productive, and spend less time pausing and more time writing. The link between inspiration and creativity is in line with the surpassing aspect of inspiration, since creativity involves seeing possibility beyond existing restrictions.
Inspiration facilitates progress toward goals. In a recent study conducted by Marina Milyavskaya and her colleagues, college students were asked to report three goals they intended to___25___ throughout the course of the semester. They then reported on their progress three times a month. Those who scored higher on the Inspiration Scale displayed increased goal progress, and their progress was a ___26___of setting more inspired goals. ___27___, people who were generally more inspired in their daily lives also tended to set inspired goals, which were then more likely to be successfully achieved. ___28___the relationship between inspiration and goal progress was mutual: goal progress also predicts future goal inspiration. Finally, inspired individuals reported experiencing more purpose in life and more gratitude.
Inspiration increases___29___. In another study, those who were exposed to Michael Jordan’s greatness experienced higher levels of Positive Affect, and this increase in Positive Affect was completely explained by their score on the Inspiration Scale. This inspiration was not___30___ though, foretelling positive well-being (e.g., life satisfaction) three months later!
Inspiration was more strongly___31___ future than to present satisfaction. The extent to which inspiration lasted was explained by self-reported levels of purpose and gratitude in life.
These findings show that inspiration___32___ a lot, which may put the burden on someone to become inspired and helpless to do so. The writer Elizabeth Gilbert rightly expresses this ___33___in her inspiring TED talk. I agree with Gilbert that one should not put___34___ on oneself to become inspired. These key scientific findings suggest that inspiration is not___35___— it happens. Knowing this should free you from the pressure to make inspiration happen.
21.
A. situation B. quality C. field D. mystery
22
A. moral lessons B. academic careers C. writing dreams D. life outcomes
23
A. involves B. classifies C. transforms D. predicts
24.
A. ambitious B. extraordinary C. efficient D. humble
25.
A. restore B. accomplish C. assign D. share
26.
A. tribe B. cause C. survey D. result
27.
A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Instead
28.
A. Relatively B. Brilliantly C. Importantly D. Initially
29.
A. vision B. dedication C. interaction D. welfare
30.
A. substantial B. temporary C. speedy D. distinctive
31.
A. related to B. based on C. impressed on D. addicted to
32.
A. improves B. matters C. arises D. changes
33.
A. hatred B. regret C. concern D. disappointment
34.
A. smile B. emphasis C. pressure D. criticism
35.
A. ruined B. interpreted C. revised D. imposed
Section B(8分)
Directions: Read the following passage. The passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Creativity is commonly thought of as a personality trait (特征) within the individual. Over the past several years, however, social psychologists have discovered that creativity is not only a characteristic of the individual, but may also change depending on the situation and context. The question, of course, is what those situations are: what makes us more creative at times and less creative at others
In a recent paper, scientists have demonstrated that increasing psychological distance so that a problem feels farther away can actually increase creativity. Jia and colleagues at Indiana University at Bloomington examined the effect of spatial distance on creativity in this most recent set of studies. Participants in the first study performed a creative generation task, in which they were asked to list as many different modes of transportation as possible. The task was performed either by Indiana University students studying in Greece or by Indiana University students studying in Indiana. As predicted, students in the distant condition generated more numerous and original modes of transportation than those in the proximal condition. Similar results were obtained in a second study, in which performance on three insight problems was measured.
This pair of studies suggests that even minimal cues (提示) of psychological distance can make us more creative. Although the geographical origin of the various tasks was completely irrelevant — it shouldn’t have mattered where the questions came from simply telling subjects that they came from somewhere far away led to more creative thoughts.
The results build on previous studies which demonstrated that distancing in time — projecting an event into the remote future — and assuming an event to be less likely (that is, distancing on the probability dimension) can also enhance creativity.
This research has important practical implications. It suggests that there are several simple steps we can all take to increase creativity, such as traveling to faraway places (or even just thinking about such places) and communicating with people who are dissimilar to us. So the next time you’re stuck on a problem that seems impossible, don’t give up. Instead, try to gain a little psychological distance, and pretend the problem came from somewhere very far away.
36. What can we learn from the studies of Jia and his colleagues
A. Students studying in Indiana were better at creative tasks.
B. They carried out two experiments with quite opposing results.
C. The participants in the studies were students living in Greece.
D. They demonstrated the impact of distance in space on creativity.
37. The underlined word proximal in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.
A. casual B. near C. promising D. formal
38. What can we infer from the passage
A. Considering unlikely alternatives to reality helps to boost our creativity.
B. According to the studies, distancing in time can help to enhance creativity.
C. People’s creativity is a fixed characteristic in spite of the situation and context.
D. Jia and his colleagues were the first to examine the factors in increasing creativity.
39. What is the main idea of the passage
A Creativity is a personality trait within individuals.
B. Travelling faraway is a remedy for poor creativity.
C. Psychological distance contributes to better creativity.
D. New research has demonstrated the benefits of creativity.
Section C (8分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Universal Rhythm
Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow called music “the universal language of mankind.” Now researchers may know why. _____40_____ And these characteristics tend to be those that gather people, the researchers said.
“Our findings help explain why humans make music,” study researcher Thomas Currie from the University of Exeter said in a statement. “The results show that the most common features seen in music around the world relate to things that allow people to coordinate (协调) their actions. ______41______It can be a kind of social glue.”
Currie, along with Pat Savage, a doctoral student at the Tokyo University of the Arts, and their colleagues analyzed music from around the world, examining 304 recordings from the online Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. The music samples came from every inhabited continent, from both vocal and instrumental music.
_____42_____They systematically coded the features of each piece of music and employed a comparison system similar to those used by evolutionary biologists to classify and statistically analyze organisms. Although they found no features that were part of all the songs analyzed, the researchers did find dozens of characteristics that were present in a majority of songs across different world regions.
Some of these characteristics were not surprising, such as the music’s tendency to use separate pitches, and equally timed beats and short musical phrases. _____43_____“It fits that we have two legs, so the music is probably related to the natural rhythms of movement,” said Savage. “And also, two is simpler than three, so maybe it’s easier to process and coordinate.”
A. The researchers analyzed the music samples using a few different classification schemes.
B. They also suggest that the main function of music is to bring people together and bond social groups.
C. some people, as far back as Darwin, have believed that singing evolved as a way for males to gain mates.
D. Others were more unexpected, like the discovery that two-beat rhythms are more popular than three-beat rhythms.
E. A new analysis of music from diverse cultures around the globe reveals that all music shares certain universal features.
F. Previous studies showed that people who experience music together are more likely to rate those who listen with them as helpful.
IV. Summary Writing (6分)
44. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ways to Stay Motivated
Many distance learners agree that the most difficult part of studying online is staying motivated. Because students must take the initiative to complete their courses completely on their own, without the physical presence of teachers and other peers, many students find it easy to become distracted and discouraged in their work. Don’t let this happen to you-plan ways for yourself to stay motivated before you’re tempted to stray from your books. Use the following motivational tips to stay on task.
Find a friend or relative who has similar interests or who would enjoy hearing about your studies and let them know what’s going on in your classes. You’ll understand the material better when you have a chance to explain it out loud and will be motivated to stay on task in order to keep up with the conversation.
Don’t rely on campus consultant; design your own map of completed classes and post it somewhere that is visible daily. There’s a certain satisfaction that comes with watching your goals be accomplished. When times get hard, you can always turn to your chart and see how far you’ve come.
You get rewarded for good credit and safe driving. Why shouldn’t you reward yourself for doing well in your coursework Whether it be a night on the town, a new dress, or even a new car, setting up a reward system just may be the extra push you need to succeed. If you stick to your system, you may find yourself pleasantly surprised.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translation(10分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
45. 这种病毒会引起高烧，通常还伴有咳嗽与喉咙痛。(accompany) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
46. 学校应重视急救设备的定期检查，以防突发情况发生。(case) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
47. 这位摄影师突然想到：他可以利用最不起眼的日常物品打造出一个奇幻世界。(hit) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
VI. Guided Writing (15分)
48. Directions: Write an English composition in about 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近日，有人大代表提议：为了锻炼学生意志、提高学生身体素质，即使遇到极端天气时，学校不应该随意停课(suspend classes at will)，而是应该在保证学生安全的前提下，鼓励学生继续上课。假如你是学生李明，你对此话题很感兴趣，在学校英文杂志上回应该提议，内容包括:
1)你支持还是反对该提议；
2)结合生活实际给出相应的理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1-6 ABCCDD 7-10 ADAD 11-14 BCCA浦东新区2023学年度第二学期期中教学质量检测
高二英语试卷
(考试时间 90分钟，满分100分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A(6分)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear six short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.Amazing. B.Boring. C.Ironic. D.Silly.
2. A. At a travel agency. B.At a bank. C. In a hotel. D. In a hospital.
3.A.A traditional custom. B.A common behavior.
C.An upcoming lecture. D.An international speech.
4. A. Fellow workers. B.Boss and secretary.
C. Husband and wife. dear D.Waitress and customer.
5. A. Go to the theatre. B.Cook breakfast
C. Look after the kids. D.Clean the room.
6. A. She missed her family a lot.
B. She had neck pain during the trip.
C.The flight took her 16 hours straight.
D.The return trip turned out to be exhausting.
Section B(12 分)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 7 through 10 are based on the following passage.
7. A. Ways to appreciate cultures. B. Different views on culture respect.
C. Purposes of culture exploration. D.The role of culture in education.
8. A. Following the suit. B.Engaging with foreign people.
D. Sharing people’s experiences. D.Exploring the cultural context.
9. A.It can improve mutual understanding. B.It can approach various cultures.
C. It can boost respect among countries. D. It can save time to build a bond.
10.A.By making documentaries. B.By conversing with tourists.
C. By following the steps of guides. D. By searching for reliable sources.
Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.
10. A. she was inspired by some famous artists.
B.She discovered her passion for art as a child.
C. She was influenced by the charm of nature.
D.She studied colors and shapes when young.
12.A.Childhood memory. B. Fascinating scenery.
C.Daily moments. D.A sense of curiosity.
13. A.She tries to avoid short periods of work. B. She only creates when she feels inspired.
C.She values persistence and self-discipline. D. She prefers not to have a fixed routine.
14. A. Maya is preparing for her masterpiece. B. Maya likes using watercolors recently.
C.Maya fears new opinions from viewers. D.Maya hopes to link herself with nature.
II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A place where young people can shine
Kindergarten Without Walls is a unique concept different from the traditional model of education. ___1___ (house) in a small general store, this unconventional “kindergarten” opens its doors for free to mainly migrant children and children in difficulty. It ___2___ (offer) a range of activities — from singing and dancing to painting, watching movies, reading books, and playing games — since 2018. The Kindergarten Without Walls sounds like the ultimate dream for any child.
The kindergarten is funded by its founder Tang Haoduo,who aims to create a supportive and caring community for children in the neighborhood. And the volunteers come from different walks of life. ___3___ the weather is, they will step in as teachers on time, offering their time and expertise to the children. Tang, an art teacher at a public junior high school, ___4___ (involve) in social art practice for 5 years by the end of this November. His vision gives migrant children a chance to express and enjoy ___5___. As an artist, his dream was to establish a space that is not just a short-term endeavor, but a long-term commitment to ____6____ (build) a community of artistic expression and cooperation.
Zhu, an art practice researcher, notes that the starting point of this Kindergarten is humble and down-to-earth. “Tang is an ordinary person ___7___ neighborhood, where the kindergarten is located, is not different from his own life,” she says. Zhou believes healing from personal trauma (创伤) is a joint effort requiring the support and involvement of a compassionate community ___8___ a lonely journey. “The ___9___ (good) part of Tang’s project lies in the authentic growth of the relationships between the children, families, neighbors, and broader community. It is the spontaneous, beautiful things in people and the community ____10____ grow naturally, given an opportunity”, she says.
【答案】1 Housed
2. has been offering
3. Whatever
4. will have been involved
5. themselves
6. building
7. whose 8. rather than
9. best 10. that
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“无墙幼儿园”的非传统教育模式。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个非传统的“幼儿园”坐落在一个小杂货店里，主要向流动儿童和困难儿童免费开放。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，house“给……提供住房；给……提供场地”和this unconventional “kindergarten”逻辑上是被动关系，应用house的过去分词形式，作句子的状语，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Housed。
【2题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自2018年以来，它一直提供一系列活动，从唱歌、跳舞到绘画、看电影、读书和玩游戏。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“since 2018”可知，动作从过去开始发生，且结合上下文语境可知，动作会继续进行下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语为It，助动词用has。故填has been offering。
【3题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：无论天气如何，他们都会作为老师准时介入，为孩子们提供他们的时间和专业知识。根据空后内容可推知，此处表示让步的关系，且通常用What is the weather来询问天气，因此用从属连词whatever引导让步状语从句，表示“无论天气如何”，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Whatever。
【4题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意：唐老师是一所公立初中的美术老师，到今年11月底，他从事社会艺术实践已经5年了。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“for 5 years by the end of this November”可知，句子描述截止到将来的时间点前已完成的行为，应用将来完成时，且involve“使参加”和Tang是被动关系，应用被动语态，因此用will have been done的形式。故填will have been involved。
【5题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：他的愿景给了流动儿童一个表达和享受自己的机会。分析句子可知，此处express和enjoy动作的实施者和承受者为同一人，空处应用指代migrant children的反身代词themselves，意为“他们自己”。故填themselves。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个艺术家，他的梦想是建立一个空间，这不仅仅是一个短期的努力，而是一个长期的建立一个艺术表达和合作的社区的承诺。分析句子可知，空处作介词to的宾语，应用build“建立”的动名词形式。故填building。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：她说：“唐是一个普通人，幼儿园所在的社区和他自己的生活没有什么不同。”分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词person，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和neighborhood之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。
【8题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：周认为，从个人创伤中康复是一个共同的努力，需要一个富有同情心的社区的支持和参与，而不是一个孤独的旅程。分析句子可知，空处前后为平行的名词短语，空前表示“一个共同的努力，需要一个富有同情心的社区的支持和参与”，空后表示“一个孤独的旅程”，由此推知，此处表示“而不是”，应用固定短语rather than。故填rather than。
【9题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：唐的项目最好的部分在于孩子、家庭、邻居和更广泛的社区之间关系的真实成长。本段主要是从正面评价这所幼儿园，结合本句后面的内容可推知，此处指“最好的部分”，应用good的最高级部分。故填best。
【10题详解】
考查强调句型。句意：只要有机会，人们和社区中自发的、美好的东西就会自然成长。根据“It is the spontaneous, beautiful things in people and the community”可推知，此处应用强调句型“it be+被强调部分+that…”，强调句子的主语。故填that。
Section B(10分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. unremarkable B.drawn C. practical D.sensation E.setbacks F.resolving G.applauding H.inevitably I.originality J. subsequent K.essentially
How did the Wright brothers take flight
Wilbur and Orville Wright didn’t care much for attention. But after publicly demonstrating their flying machine, the inventors of the airplane became overnight international___11___. Crowds gathered, watching them go airborne (升空) and___12___their genius and courage. Thousands followed their achievements, which repeatedly made front-page news. While it might sound nice to say the Wrights were born inventors and geniuses who had always been ___13___ to aeronautics (航空学), that’s not really the case. Beginning in their Midwestern youth, the brothers faced numerous___14___. Their achievements stemmed from their own initiative and___15___.
Before they made history, Wilbur and Orville were, in one sense, fairly___16___ children. They didn’t meet the typical standards of success.Though Wilbur was well read and Orville took advanced courses, neither graduated from high school and both struggled to get by on their own early in life. At the start, the brothers didn’t intend to invent the airplane. They simply reviewed what others had published about aeronautic, hoping they could make some sort of contributions. And that was when they noticed, to their surprise, very little progress had been made in the field. Wilbur and Orville realized that flight experiments had hit three main roadblocks to progress. They lacked a way to control the aircraft, a good wing design and a propulsion (推动力) system to power the flight. From there, ___17___these problems became the brothers’ goal. Through trial and error, on December 17, 1903, the brothers flew the first manageable aircraft into the air, which proved the Wright Flyer could make a sustained, controlled and powered heavier-than-air flight. The aerial age truly began.
Though the Wright brothers had made history, their airplane was___18___only a proof of concept. It could make straight-line flights, but the design didn’t yet have any ___19___use for society. In the ___20___years of hard work and devotion, the brothers refined their aircraft. In1908, Wilbur demonstrated their plane in France, successfully proving what he and Orville had done.
【答案】11. D 12. G
13. B 14. E
15. I 16. A
17. F 18. K
19. C 20. J
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了莱特兄弟是如何发明飞机的。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：但在公开展示了他们的飞行器之后，飞机的发明者一夜之间在国际上引起了轰动。根据“Crowds gathered, watching them go airborne”以及句意“轰动”可知，应填名词sensation，作表语，不可数。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：人群聚集在一起，看着他们腾空而起，为他们的天才和勇气鼓掌。根据“their genius and courage”以及句意“鼓掌”可知，应填动词applaud，与上文watching them go airborne and构成并列，为现在分词作状语。故选G。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：虽然说莱特兄弟是天生发明家和天才，他们总是被航空所吸引，这听起来不错，但事实并非如此。根据“to aeronautics”以及句意“吸引”可知，应填动词draw，根据上文had been可知，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：从他们在中西部的青年时代开始，兄弟俩就遭遇了无数挫折。根据“that’s not really the case”以及句意“挫折”可知，应填名词setback，作宾语，根据上文numerous可知，应用复数。故选E。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们的成就源于他们自己的主动性和独创性。根据“Their achievements stemmed from their own initiative and”以及句意“独创性”可知，应填名词originality，作宾语。故选I。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在创造历史之前，威尔伯和奥维尔在某种意义上是相当不起眼的孩子。根据“They didn’t meet the typical standards of success.(他们没有达到成功的典型标准)”以及句意“不起眼的”可知，应填形容词unremarkable，作定语，修饰名词children。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：从那时起，解决这些问题就成了兄弟俩的目标。根据“these problems became the brothers’ goal”以及句意“解决”可知，应填动名词resolving，作主语。故选F。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：虽然莱特兄弟创造了历史，但他们的飞机本质上只是一个概念的证明。根据“only a proof of concept”以及句意“本质上”可知，应填副词essentially，作状语。故选K。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它可以进行直线飞行，但这种设计还没有在社会上有任何实际用途。根据“but the design didn’t yet have any”以及句意“实际”可知，应填形容词practical，作定语，修饰use。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在随后几年的辛勤工作和奉献中，兄弟俩改进了他们的飞机。根据“years of hard work and devotion”以及句意“随后”可知，应填形容词subsequent，修饰名词years。故选J。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A (15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In a culture obsessed with measuring talent and ability, we often overlook the important role of inspiration because of its complicated nature. Its history of being treated as supernatural hasn’t helped the___21___. But as recent research shows, inspiration has a major effect on important___22___.
Inspiration is the springboard for creativity. Being in a state of inspiration ___23___the creativity of writing samples across scientific writing, poetry and fiction. Inspired writers are more ___24___and productive, and spend less time pausing and more time writing. The link between inspiration and creativity is in line with the surpassing aspect of inspiration, since creativity involves seeing possibility beyond existing restrictions.
Inspiration facilitates progress toward goals. In a recent study conducted by Marina Milyavskaya and her colleagues, college students were asked to report three goals they intended to___25___ throughout the course of the semester. They then reported on their progress three times a month. Those who scored higher on the Inspiration Scale displayed increased goal progress, and their progress was a ___26___of setting more inspired goals. ___27___, people who were generally more inspired in their daily lives also tended to set inspired goals, which were then more likely to be successfully achieved. ___28___the relationship between inspiration and goal progress was mutual: goal progress also predicts future goal inspiration. Finally, inspired individuals reported experiencing more purpose in life and more gratitude.
Inspiration increases___29___. In another study, those who were exposed to Michael Jordan’s greatness experienced higher levels of Positive Affect, and this increase in Positive Affect was completely explained by their score on the Inspiration Scale. This inspiration was not___30___ though, foretelling positive well-being (e.g., life satisfaction) three months later!
Inspiration was more strongly___31___ future than to present satisfaction. The extent to which inspiration lasted was explained by self-reported levels of purpose and gratitude in life.
These findings show that inspiration___32___ a lot, which may put the burden on someone to become inspired and helpless to do so. The writer Elizabeth Gilbert rightly expresses this ___33___in her inspiring TED talk. I agree with Gilbert that one should not put___34___ on oneself to become inspired. These key scientific findings suggest that inspiration is not___35___— it happens. Knowing this should free you from the pressure to make inspiration happen.
21.
A situation B. quality C. field D. mystery
22.
A. moral lessons B. academic careers C. writing dreams D. life outcomes
23.
A. involves B. classifies C. transforms D. predicts
24.
A. ambitious B. extraordinary C. efficient D. humble
25.
A. restore B. accomplish C. assign D. share
26.
A. tribe B. cause C. survey D. result
27.
A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Instead
28.
A. Relatively B. Brilliantly C. Importantly D. Initially
29.
A. vision B. dedication C. interaction D. welfare
30.
A. substantial B. temporary C. speedy D. distinctive
31.
A. related to B. based on C. impressed on D. addicted to
32.
A. improves B. matters C. arises D. changes
33.
A. hatred B. regret C. concern D. disappointment
34.
A. smile B. emphasis C. pressure D. criticism
35.
A. ruined B. interpreted C. revised D. imposed
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了灵感的重要性，灵感是创造力的跳板、促进朝着目标前进以及灵感可以带来幸福。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它被视为超自然力量的历史对这种情况没有帮助。A. situation情况；B. quality质量；C. field田地；D. mystery神秘。此处指上文“In a culture obsessed with measuring talent and ability, we often overlook the important role of inspiration because of its complicated nature.(在一个痴迷于衡量天赋和能力的文化中，我们常常忽视灵感的重要作用，因为它的复杂性)”提到的灵感重要性被忽视的情况，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：但最近的研究表明，灵感对重要的生活结果有重大影响。A. moral lessons道德教训；B. academic careers学术生涯；C. writing dreams写作梦想；D. life outcomes生活结果。根据后文“Inspiration is the springboard for creativity.(灵感是创造力的跳板)”可知，最近的研究表明，灵感对重要的生活结果有重大影响。故选D。
23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：处于灵感状态预示着写作样本的创造力，包括科学写作、诗歌和小说。A. involves包含；B. classifies分类；C. transforms变换；D. predicts预测，预示着。根据后文“the creativity of writing samples across scientific writing, poetry,and fiction”以及上文“Inspiration is the springboard for creativity.(灵感是创造力的跳板)”可知，处于灵感状态预示着写作样本的创造力，包括科学写作、诗歌和小说。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有灵感的作家更有效率，更有生产力，他们花更少的时间停下来，而花更多的时间写作。A. ambitious有抱负的；B. extraordinary卓越的；C. efficient有效的；D. humble谦虚的。根据后文“and productive”可知，此处指有灵感的作家更有效率，更有生产力。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最近由Marina Milyavskaya和她的同事进行的一项研究中，大学生被要求报告他们在整个学期中打算完成的三个目标。A. restore恢复；B. accomplish实现；C. assign分派；D. share分享。根据后文“three goals they intended to”可知，此处指打算要完成的三个目标。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些在激励量表上得分较高的人表现出更大的目标进展，他们的进步是设定更多激励目标的结果。A. tribe部落；B. cause原因；C. survey调查表；D. result结果。根据上文“Those who scored higher on the Inspiration Scale displayed increased goal progress”可知，得分较高的人表现出更大的目标进展，他们的进步是设定更多激励目标的结果。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，在日常生活中通常更有灵感的人也倾向于设定有灵感的目标，这些目标更有可能成功实现。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Instead相反。结合前后文语境可知，前后为因果关系，应用therefore。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：重要的是，灵感和目标进展之间的关系是相互的：目标进展也预示着未来的目标灵感。A. Relatively相当地；B. Brilliantly灿烂地；C. Importantly重要地是；D. Initially首先。根据后文“goal progress also predicts future goal inspiration”可知，灵感更重要的结果是：目标进展也预示着未来的目标灵感。故选C。
29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：灵感增加福利。A. vision视野；B. dedication献身；C. interaction互动；D. welfare福利。根据后文“In another study, those who were exposed to Michael Jordan’s greatness experienced higher levels of Positive Affect, and this increase in Positive Affect was completely explained by their score on the Inspiration Scale.(在另一项研究中，那些听过迈克尔·乔丹伟大事迹的人经历了更高水平的积极影响，而这种积极影响的增加完全可以用他们在激励量表上的得分来解释)”可知，灵感可以增加福利。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种灵感不是暂时的，它预示着三个月后的积极幸福（例如，生活满意度）!A. substantial大量的；B. temporary暂时的；C. speedy快速的；D. distinctive独特的。根据后文“foretelling positive well-being (e.g.,life satisfaction) three months later!”可知，这种灵感不是暂时的，它预示着三个月后的积极幸福。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：灵感与未来的关系比与现在的满足感更密切。A. related to与……有关；B. based on基于；C. impressed on使印象深刻；D. addicted to沉迷于。根据后文“future than to present satisfaction”以及上文提到预示着三个月后的积极幸福，可知灵感与未来的关系比与现在的满足感更密切。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发现表明，灵感很重要，这可能会给一些人带来负担，让他们变得有灵感，却无能为力。A. improves改善；B. matters重要；C. arises出现；D. changes改变。根据后文“a lot, which may put the burden on someone to become inspired and helpless to do so”可知，此处指发现表明了灵感的重要性。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作家伊丽莎白·吉尔伯特在她鼓舞人心的TED演讲中正确地表达了这种担忧。A. hatred仇恨；B. regret后悔；C. concern关心；D. disappointment失望。根据上文“put the burden on someone to become inspired and helpless to do so”可知，灵感会带来压力，所以是表达了对此的担忧。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我同意吉尔伯特的观点，一个人不应该给自己施加压力来获得灵感。A. smile微笑；B. emphasis强调；C. pressure压力；D. criticism批评。根据上文“put the burden on someone to become inspired and helpless to do so”可知，此处指一个人不应该给自己施加压力来获得灵感。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些关键的科学发现表明，灵感不是强加的，而是自然而然产生的。A. ruined毁灭；B. interpreted解释；C. revised修改；D. imposed把……强加于。根据后文“it happens”可知，灵感自然发生，而不是强加的。故选D。
Section B(8分)
Directions: Read the following passage. The passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Creativity is commonly thought of as a personality trait (特征) within the individual. Over the past several years, however, social psychologists have discovered that creativity is not only a characteristic of the individual, but may also change depending on the situation and context. The question, of course, is what those situations are: what makes us more creative at times and less creative at others
In a recent paper, scientists have demonstrated that increasing psychological distance so that a problem feels farther away can actually increase creativity. Jia and colleagues at Indiana University at Bloomington examined the effect of spatial distance on creativity in this most recent set of studies. Participants in the first study performed a creative generation task, in which they were asked to list as many different modes of transportation as possible. The task was performed either by Indiana University students studying in Greece or by Indiana University students studying in Indiana. As predicted, students in the distant condition generated more numerous and original modes of transportation than those in the proximal condition. Similar results were obtained in a second study, in which performance on three insight problems was measured.
This pair of studies suggests that even minimal cues (提示) of psychological distance can make us more creative. Although the geographical origin of the various tasks was completely irrelevant — it shouldn’t have mattered where the questions came from simply telling subjects that they came from somewhere far away led to more creative thoughts.
The results build on previous studies which demonstrated that distancing in time — projecting an event into the remote future — and assuming an event to be less likely (that is, distancing on the probability dimension) can also enhance creativity.
This research has important practical implications. It suggests that there are several simple steps we can all take to increase creativity, such as traveling to faraway places (or even just thinking about such places) and communicating with people who are dissimilar to us. So the next time you’re stuck on a problem that seems impossible, don’t give up. Instead, try to gain a little psychological distance, and pretend the problem came from somewhere very far away.
36. What can we learn from the studies of Jia and his colleagues
A. Students studying in Indiana were better at creative tasks.
B. They carried out two experiments with quite opposing results.
C. The participants in the studies were students living in Greece.
D. They demonstrated the impact of distance in space on creativity.
37. The underlined word proximal in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.
A. casual B. near C. promising D. formal
38. What can we infer from the passage
A. Considering unlikely alternatives to reality helps to boost our creativity.
B. According to the studies, distancing in time can help to enhance creativity.
C. People’s creativity is a fixed characteristic in spite of the situation and context.
D. Jia and his colleagues were the first to examine the factors in increasing creativity.
39. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Creativity is a personality trait within individuals.
B. Travelling faraway is a remedy for poor creativity.
C. Psychological distance contributes to better creativity.
D. New research has demonstrated the benefits of creativity.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究表明心理距离可以提升创造力。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Jia and colleagues at Indiana University at Bloomington examined the effect of spatial distance on creativity in this most recent set of studies. (Jia和印第安纳大学布卢明顿分校的同事们在最近的一组研究中研究了空间距离对创造力的影响)”可知，Jia及其同事展示了空间距离对创造力的影响。故选D。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Jia and colleagues at Indiana University at Bloomington examined the effect of spatial distance on creativity in this most recent set of studies. (Jia和印第安纳大学布卢明顿分校的同事们在最近的一组研究中研究了空间距离对创造力的影响)”可知，Jia及其同事的研究展示了空间距离对创造力的影响。根据第二段的“As predicted, students in the distant condition generated more numerous and original modes of transportation than those in the proximal condition. Similar results were obtained in a second study, in which performance on three insight problems was measured.(正如预测的那样，距离远的学生比距离……的学生产生了更多的原始交通方式。在第二项研究中获得了类似的结果，其中对三个洞察力问题的表现进行了测量) ”可知，既然空间距离对创造力有影响，那就要通过远距离和近距离进行对比实验，因此划线词proximal的意思最接近于near。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The results build on previous studies which demonstrated that distancing in time — projecting an event into the remote future — and assuming an event to be less likely (that is, distancing on the probability dimension) can also enhance creativity.(这些结果建立在先前的研究基础上，这些研究表明，在时间上保持距离——将事件预测到遥远的未来——并假设事件发生的可能性较小(即在概率维度上保持距离)也可以增强创造力)”可知，即便目前的现实不能够实现某些目标，但假设在未来可以实现它们，即便几率很小，也是可以提升创造力的。由此推知，考虑对现实采用不太可能的替代方案有助于提高我们的创造力。故选A。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Creativity is commonly thought of as a personality trait within the individual. Over the past several years, however, social psychologists have discovered that creativity is not only a characteristic of the individual, but may also change depending on the situation and context. The question, of course, is what those situations are: what makes us more creative at times and less creative at others (创造力通常被认为是个人的一种性格特征。然而，在过去的几年里，社会心理学家发现，创造力不仅是个人的特征，而且还可能根据情况和背景而改变。当然，问题是这些情况是什么：是什么让我们有时更有创造力，而在其他时候却缺乏创造力？)”和最后一段的“This research has important practical implications. It suggests that there are several simple steps we can all take to increase creativity, such as traveling to faraway places (or even just thinking about such places) and communicating with people who are dissimilar to us. So the next time you’re stuck on a problem that seems impossible, don’t give up. Instead, try to gain a little psychological distance, and pretend the problem came from somewhere very far away.(本研究具有重要的现实意义。研究表明，我们都可以采取几个简单的步骤来提高创造力，比如去遥远的地方旅行(甚至只是想想这些地方)，和与我们不同的人交流。所以下次当你被一个看似不可能的问题卡住时，不要放弃。相反，试着在心理上保持一点距离，假装问题来自很远的地方)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究表明心理距离可以提升创造力。故选C。
Section C (8分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Universal Rhythm
Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow called music “the universal language of mankind.” Now researchers may know why. _____40_____ And these characteristics tend to be those that gather people, the researchers said.
“Our findings help explain why humans make music,” study researcher Thomas Currie from the University of Exeter said in a statement. “The results show that the most common features seen in music around the world relate to things that allow people to coordinate (协调) their actions. ______41______It can be a kind of social glue.”
Currie, along with Pat Savage, a doctoral student at the Tokyo University of the Arts, and their colleagues analyzed music from around the world, examining 304 recordings from the online Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. The music samples came from every inhabited continent, from both vocal and instrumental music.
_____42_____They systematically coded the features of each piece of music and employed a comparison system similar to those used by evolutionary biologists to classify and statistically analyze organisms. Although they found no features that were part of all the songs analyzed, the researchers did find dozens of characteristics that were present in a majority of songs across different world regions.
Some of these characteristics were not surprising, such as the music’s tendency to use separate pitches, and equally timed beats and short musical phrases. _____43_____“It fits that we have two legs, so the music is probably related to the natural rhythms of movement,” said Savage. “And also, two is simpler than three, so maybe it’s easier to process and coordinate.”
A. The researchers analyzed the music samples using a few different classification schemes.
B. They also suggest that the main function of music is to bring people together and bond social groups.
C. some people, as far back as Darwin, have believed that singing evolved as a way for males to gain mates.
D. Others were more unexpected, like the discovery that two-beat rhythms are more popular than three-beat rhythms.
E. A new analysis of music from diverse cultures around the globe reveals that all music shares certain universal features.
F. Previous studies showed that people who experience music together are more likely to rate those who listen with them as helpful.
【答案】40. E 41. B 42. A 43. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了音乐具有某些共同特征，介绍了研究人员对此的研究过程。
【40题详解】
根据上文“Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow called music “the universal language of mankind.” Now researchers may know why.(诗人亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗称音乐为“人类的通用语言”。现在研究人员可能知道原因了)”以及后文“And these characteristics tend to be those that gather people, the researchers said.(研究人员说，这些特征往往是聚集人群的特征)”可知，本句主要是在说明音乐的具体特征。故E选项“一项对全球不同文化的音乐的新分析表明，所有的音乐都有某些共同的特征”符合语境，故选E。
【41题详解】
根据后文“It can be a kind of social glue.(它可以成为一种社会粘合剂)”可知，后文提到音乐可以成为一种社会粘合剂，说明音乐具有凝聚作用。故B选项“他们还认为，音乐的主要功能是把人们聚集在一起，把社会群体联系起来”符合语境，故选B。
【42题详解】
根据后文“They systematically coded the features of each piece of music and employed a comparison system similar to those used by evolutionary biologists to classify and statistically analyze organisms. Although they found no features that were part of all the songs analyzed, the researchers did find dozens of characteristics that were present in a majority of songs across different world regions.(他们系统地对每段音乐的特征进行编码，并采用一种类似于进化生物学家对生物进行分类和统计分析的比较系统。虽然他们没有发现所有被分析歌曲的特征，但研究人员确实发现了几十个特征，这些特征出现在世界不同地区的大多数歌曲中)”可知，本段主要说明了研究人员对于音乐的研究过程，A选项中researchers对应后文They。故A选项“研究人员使用几种不同的分类方案来分析音乐样本”符合语境，故选A。
【43题详解】
根据后文“And also, two is simpler than three, so maybe it’s easier to process and coordinate.(而且，两个比三个简单，所以可能更容易处理和协调)”可知，后文提到了两个比三个简单。由此可知，本句主要关于音乐中与数量有关的内容。故D选项“其他的则更出人意料，比如发现两拍节奏比三拍节奏更受欢迎”符合语境，故选D。
IV. Summary Writing (6分)
44. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ways to Stay Motivated
Many distance learners agree that the most difficult part of studying online is staying motivated. Because students must take the initiative to complete their courses completely on their own, without the physical presence of teachers and other peers, many students find it easy to become distracted and discouraged in their work. Don’t let this happen to you-plan ways for yourself to stay motivated before you’re tempted to stray from your books. Use the following motivational tips to stay on task.
Find a friend or relative who has similar interests or who would enjoy hearing about your studies and let them know what’s going on in your classes. You’ll understand the material better when you have a chance to explain it out loud and will be motivated to stay on task in order to keep up with the conversation.
Don’t rely on campus consultant; design your own map of completed classes and post it somewhere that is visible daily. There’s a certain satisfaction that comes with watching your goals be accomplished. When times get hard, you can always turn to your chart and see how far you’ve come.
You get rewarded for good credit and safe driving. Why shouldn’t you reward yourself for doing well in your coursework Whether it be a night on the town, a new dress, or even a new car, setting up a reward system just may be the extra push you need to succeed. If you stick to your system, you may find yourself pleasantly surprised.
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【答案】范文
Here are some tips for distance learners to stay motivated. Firstly, discussing studies with a friend or relative to better understand the material and stay motivated. Secondly, tracking progress visually by designing a map of completed classes. Finally, setting up a reward system for good coursework performance in order to stick to your system.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些建议可以让远程学习者保持积极性。首先，与朋友或亲戚讨论学习，以便更好地理解材料并保持动力。其次，通过设计完成课程的地图来可视化地跟踪进度。最后，为优秀的课程表现建立一个奖励机制，以便坚持你的制度。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Many distance learners agree that the most difficult part of studying online is staying motivated. Use the following motivational tips to stay on task.
②Find a friend or relative who has similar interests or who would enjoy hearing about your studies and let them know what’s going on in your classes.
③Don’t rely on campus consultant; design your own map of completed classes and post it somewhere that is visible daily.
④You get rewarded for good credit and safe driving. Why shouldn’t you reward yourself for doing well in your coursework If you stick to your system, you may find yourself pleasantly surprised.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Here are some tips for distance learners to stay motivated.
Firstly, discussing studies with a friend or relative to better understand the material and stay motivated.
Secondly, tracking progress visually by designing a map of completed classes.
Finally, setting up a reward system for good coursework performance in order to stick to your system.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Secondly, tracking progress visually by designing a map of completed classes.运用动名词作宾语对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Finally, setting up a reward system for good coursework performance in order to stick to your system.用不定式短语in order to作目的状语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
V.Translation(10分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
45. 这种病毒会引起高烧，通常还伴有咳嗽与喉咙痛。(accompany) (汉译英)
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【答案】This virus can cause a high fever, usually accompanied by coughing and a sore throat.
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词和短语。句子的描述的为一般的常见情况，使用一般现在时，主语“这种病毒”为“this virus”，“会引起”为“can cause”，“高烧”为“a high fever”，则“这种病毒会引起高烧”翻译为“This virus can cause a high fever.”；“通常”为“usually”，动词“陪伴”为“accompany”，“fever”与“accompany”为被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，则“由……陪伴”为“accompanied by”，by后接动名词作宾语，“咳嗽”为“cough”，“喉咙痛”为“a sore throat”，则“通常还伴有咳嗽与喉咙痛”翻译为“usually accompanied by coughing and a sore throat”。故翻译为This virus can cause a high fever, usually accompanied by coughing and a sore throat.
46. 学校应重视急救设备的定期检查，以防突发情况发生。(case) (汉译英)
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【答案】Schools should attach importance to regular inspections of first-aid equipment in case of unexpected situations.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。主语为复数名词schools；表示“重视”短语为attach importance to，且should后跟动词原形；表示“急救设备的定期检查”翻译为regular inspections of first-aid equipment；表示“以防”短语为in case of；表示“突发情况”短语为unexpected situations。故翻译为Schools should attach importance to regular inspections of first-aid equipment in case of unexpected situations.
47. 这位摄影师突然想到：他可以利用最不起眼的日常物品打造出一个奇幻世界。(hit) (汉译英)
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【答案】It suddenly hit the photographer that he could use the most inconspicuous everyday items to create a fantasy world.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和短语。句子的描述的为过去的事情，使用一般过去时，主语“这位摄影师”为“the photographer”，副词“突然”为“suddenly”，固定句型“某人突然想起……”为“It suddenly hit sb that...”；“用……做某事”为“use...to do”；“他可以利用最不起眼的日常物品”为“主谓宾”结构的句子，主语“他”为“he”，“可以利用”为“could use”，“最不起眼的”为“the most inconspicuous”，“日常物品”为“everyday items”，则翻译为“He could use the most inconspicuous everyday items.”；“打造出一个奇幻世界”为目的状语，使用动词不定式来翻译，“打造”为“create”，“一个奇幻世界”为“a fantasy world”，则翻译为“to create a fantasy world”。故翻译为It suddenly hit the photographer that he could use the most inconspicuous everyday items to create a fantasy world.
VI. Guided Writing (15分)
48. Directions: Write an English composition in about 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近日，有人大代表提议：为了锻炼学生意志、提高学生身体素质，即使遇到极端天气时，学校不应该随意停课(suspend classes at will)，而是应该在保证学生安全的前提下，鼓励学生继续上课。假如你是学生李明，你对此话题很感兴趣，在学校英文杂志上回应该提议，内容包括:
1)你支持还是反对该提议；
2)结合生活实际给出相应的理由。
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【答案】范文
As a student, I have been closely following the discussion regarding the recent proposal to not suspend classes during extreme weather conditions. While I appreciate the intention to strengthen our resilience and physical fitness, I must express my opposition to this proposal.
Firstly, safety should always be our utmost priority. In extreme weather, such as severe storms or flooding, traveling to school can pose significant risks to our health and safety. Secondly, continuing classes in such conditions may not be conducive to learning. Students may be distracted by the weather and unable to focus on their studies.
Therefore, I believe that it is wiser to suspend classes in extreme weather and prioritize the safety and well-being of students and teachers.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生近日，有人大代表提议：为了锻炼学生意志、提高学生身体素质，即使遇到极端天气时，学校不应该随意停课，而是应该在保证学生安全的前提下，鼓励学生继续上课。假如你是学生李明，你对此话题很感兴趣，在学校英文杂志上回应该提议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
加强：strengthen→reinforce
表达：express→extend
欣赏：appreciate→admire
有益：be conducive to→be beneficial to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Secondly, continuing classes in such conditions may not be conducive to learning. Students may be distracted by the weather and unable to focus on their studies.
拓展句：Secondly, continuing classes in such conditions may not be conducive to learning because students may be distracted by the weather and unable to focus on their studies.
【点睛】[高分句型1] While I appreciate the intention to strengthen our resilience and physical fitness, I must express my opposition to this proposal. (运用了while引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] Secondly, continuing classes in such conditions may not be conducive to learning. (运用了动名词作主语)
1-6 ABCCDD 7-10 ADAD 11-14 BCCA
