-2024届高考英语二轮复习谓语动词知识点学案（时态、语态、主谓一致）（含解析）
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| 名称 | -2024届高考英语二轮复习谓语动词知识点学案（时态、语态、主谓一致）（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-05-03 20:34:53 | ||
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谓语动词(时态、语态、主谓一致)
英语时态共十六个，常考或较常用的有十一个。语态共两个：主动和被动。见下表：
时态名称 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done
一般过去时 did was/were done
一般将来时 will/shall do is/am/are going to do shall/will be done is/am/are going to be done
现在进行时 is/am/are doing am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done
将来进行时 will be doing
现在完成时 has/have done have/has been done
过去完成时 had done had been done
将来完成时 will/shall have done will/would have been done
现在完成进行时 has/have been doing
过去将来时 would/should do should/would be done
含有情态动词的 can/must/may do can/must/may be done
注意：be-was/were-been-being（只有vt.及物动词有被动，其余动词都没有被动。）
（一）一般现在时
1.表示经常，一般性，习惯性的动作，常与表频率的时间状语连用。（every day/year/month, always, usually, often, sometimes, annually，day after day, once a week, at weekends, on Sundays）
I usually get up at 6’o clock.
We always care for each other and help each other.
2.表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受主句时态的限制)
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Time is like water in a sponge. As long as you are willing to squeeze, there is always some.
时间就像海绵里的水，只要愿意挤，总还是有的。——鲁迅
3.既定的时间如日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等用一般现在时表将来；
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天早上六点开。
4.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时，即主将从现。
If you go, I will go.
I’ll go there after I finish my work.
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
5.以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在谓语动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:
1.一般情况 加-s 如：eat→eats
2.以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词 加-es 如：discuss→discusses，teach→teaches
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-es 如：carry→carries，fly→flies
（二）一般过去时
1.过去某一时间内发生或经常发生的动作或存在的状态，（常见的时间状语有：yesterday, just now, last +时间, in 1945, at that time, once曾经, in the Tang dynasty， a few days ago，once upon a time曾经, the other day在过去的某一天）
I am still the boy I was.我还是那个男孩。
He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。
We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。
动词变化方法如下:
一般情况 加-ed 如：pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-ed 如：carry→carried，try→tried
重读闭音节结尾 双写该辅音字母,再加-ed 如：plan→planned，stop→stopped
以字母e结尾的动词 加-d 如：like→liked，provide→provided不规则动词 重点背不规则动词表，常考，可以说是必考。
（三）一般将来时
1.表示将来的动作和存在的状态（常用时间状语有：tomorrow, next year, in+将来的年，in the future, one day, someday，soon，the day after tomorrow）
The company will launch a new version of iPhone in September.该公司将于9月推出新版iPhone。
2.表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。
Oil will float on water.油会浮在水面上。
Crops will die without water.没有水庄稼会死亡
1.be going to：表示打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事
I am going to visit my friend in hospital.我将去看望住在医院的朋友。
It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来好象要下雨了。
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project.
2.be about to：表示即时的将来。一般不与时间状语连用
Now ladies and gentleman, you’re about to hear the most incredible tale.
女士们，先生们，你们马上就要听到一个难以置信的故事。
I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success. 成功离我如此近,我不打算停下来。
3.be to do：可用来表示计划、安排（通常是正式的安排）；指令；（表示可能）会做……，可能；必定会发生或已发生了某事；发布命令或告之规则
Their daughter is to get married soon.他们的女儿可能不久就要结婚了。
She is to be married next month.她下个月就要结婚了。
4.be doing现在进行表将来。常用于短暂性动词，常见的短暂性动词有：come, go, leave , take off, arrive, start, begin）
We're leaving early tomorrow morning.我们明天一早就出发。
现在进行时
1.表示现在正在进行的动作；
It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.现在正下着大雨，因此我们必须呆在家里。
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作，常与these days,this week等时间状语连用。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
与always, often, constantly等连用，表达一种强烈的情感色彩，如同情、抱怨、好奇等。
Why are always forgetting his name 为啥你总是记他的名字呢？
She is always complaining. 她总是抱怨。
一般情况 加 ing try→trying
重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加 ing regret→regretting；ban→banning
以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e，加 ing hate→hating；date→dating
特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
(1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如：
I‘m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
(2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时不表示动作的持续。
What are you doing these days 这几天你在干什么？
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。
(3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。
His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。
(4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。
I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。
I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。
（五）过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示：at 8
o’clock last night, this time yesterday等）
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天一整天他都在准备他的演讲。
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book.
那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)
2.叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。
I was writing while he was watching TV. 我在写东西而他在看电视。
While we were having breakfast, John was talking on the phone.
我们吃早饭的时候，约翰在打电话。
I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university.
我在大学读书，而我哥哥在大学教书。
（六）将来进行时
1.表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语
When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.他明天来我家的时候，我将正在写报告。
2.表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.
我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。
3.表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测
Stop the child or he will be falling over.拦住那孩子，不然他会摔下去的。
将来进行时和一般将来时的区别
1.一般将来时不仅表示“将来”，还含有“意志、意愿”等的意思
I’ll try my best to hard work at English.我将尽全力努力学习英语。（含意愿的意思）
I’ll be studying English next term.下学期我将学习英语。（表示单纯的将来）
2.跟一般将来时连用的时间状语比较模糊，而跟进来进行时连用的时间状语非常具体
I’ll write a letter to my father tomorrow.我明天要给父亲写信。
I’ll be writing a letter to my father this time tomorrow.明天这个时候，我会给父亲写信的。
（七）现在完成时
1）since + 时间点 ，since then,ever since
2）for + 时间段
3）到目前为止 so far, by now，till now, up to now, till to now
4）in/over the past/last ten days/ weeks/months/years过去十天/星期/月/年以来
5）recently，recent+时间，lately, already
1.表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
He has learned English for six years.他学英语已经六年了。
They have worked here since they left college.他们大学毕业以后就在这里工作。
2.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。
—Where is Li Hua —李华在哪里？
－He has gone to the reading-room.—他去阅览室了。（没回来）
—She knows a lot about Shanghai.—关于上海，她懂很多。
－She has been there.—她去过那里。（已经回来）
常用固定句式：
1.It is the first（序数词）time that+ sb. have/has done sth.
2.It has been/(is) + 一段时间 + since+过去式
例1.It is the first time in a year and a half that I have seen the night face to face.
例2.It is/has been ten years since he left Beijing.
（八）过去完成时
1.动作发生在过去的过去。
He had shut the door before the dog came up.在那狗走过来之前，他已将门关上了。
Everything had been all right up till this morning.直到今天上午为止，一切都正常。
At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.十岁的时候，他已经学了500个英语单词了。
He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.我们知道的时候，他已经病了一个星期了。
2.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们本期望你能赢得这场比赛的。
常用固定句式：
1.no sooner..过去完成时.than 一般过去时 一....就....
2.hardly.过去完成时..when一般过去时 一....就....
3.It was the first（序数词）time that+ sb. had done sth.
例1. I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
例2. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
by+过去的时间”意为“截止到过去的某个时间”,可与过去完成时态连用
例3.By the end of 2021, it had completed the digital collection of 268 grottoes,the image processing of 164 grottoes, and so on.
截至2021年底，已经完成了268个石窟的数字化采集、164个石窟的图像处理等工作。
（九）将来完成时（时间状语常用by+将来的时间点）
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。
We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将会完成高中第二册书。
We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。
We had learned 2000 English words by the end of last term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。
（十）现在完成进行时
用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还可能要继续持续下去）的动作。
He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.
8点以来，他一直在做这些数学题。
（十一）过去将来时
相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。
I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。
主动表示被动的几种情况
①不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook,lock, wash等。
This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。
These books sell well.这些书好卖。
The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
②一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错。
The flower smells wonderful.这花闻起来很不错。
The news proved/turned out true.这消息后来证明时真的。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。
③主语+need/want/require表示需要被……的时候，常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式。
The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这车需要修理。
④be worth doing表示某事值得去做。
The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得一游。
就远/就近原则
由下列单词或短语连接A,B两个成分做句子主语时，谓语的单复数与离它远的A的单复数保持一致。即就远原则。as well as；（together/along/combined）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from, like, as much as, no less than等。如：
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.除了这两个学生，没有人在教室。
Everybody except you is down on me. 除了你，大家都看不起我。
A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学一起看了这部电影。
My father, no less than I, is a base-ball fan. 我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。
The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there. 不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。
The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.
老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣。
由下列单词或短语连接A,B两个成分做句子主语时，谓语的单复数与离它近的A的单复数保持一致。即就近原则。 or，not only … but also …，either …or, neither …nor, not … but …，there be 句型，等。如：
You or he is going to be sent to study abroad .
He or we are going to be sent to study abroad .
There is only a desk and two chairs in the room .
There are two chairs and a desk in the room .
What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
Neither you nor I am wrong .你和我都没错。
Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
Not only you but(also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。
I.单句语法填空：
1. (2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测) After that, there were lots of performances not only in folk places, but also in the palace, which ___________ (promote) Beijing Opera’s development.
2. (2023秋·广东湛江·高三湛江一中校考开学考试) The bridge ___________ (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese.
3. (2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测) When Zhang Han set foot inside Liangzhu Museum, the 10-year-old embarked on a tour that took him back more than 5,000 years. Wearing the smart glasses, Zhang ___________ (present) with virtual images of relics.
4. (2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模) Pierre Coubertin, a Frenchman, ___________ (found) the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894.
5. (2023·湖北荆门·荆门市龙泉中学校考三模) With the Chinese government further encouraging consumer willingness to spend, economic recovery and growth ___________ (expect) to continue in the foreseeable future.
6. (2023·江苏扬州·扬州中学校考模拟预测) The Mengtian lab module successfully ___________ (join) the Tianhe core module and the Wentian lab module at China’s space station Tiangong on the early morning of Tuesday.
7. (2023秋·广东广州·高三执信中学校考开学考试) He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How heavy do you think this glass of water is ” The students’ answers ___________ (range) from 20g to 500g.
8. (2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测) By the end of 2021, it ___________ (complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes, the image processing of 164 grottoes, and so on.
9. (2023·山东济南·山东师范大学附中校考模拟预测) In recent years, the World Health Organization ___________ (recognize) the importance of Traditional Chinese medicine, especially in combination with Western medicine.
10. (2023·湖北武汉·湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测) People ___________ (carry) on traditional festivals and customs here for hundreds of years up to now.
11. (2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考三模) Because of its size, and the fact that it ___________ (place) on a steep hillside, diners can take up to 30 minutes from the parking lot at the bottom of the hill to one of the 888 tables available.
12. (2023·广东广州·广州市番禺区南村中学校考三模) Some students ___________ (ask) to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year paintings.
13. (2022·浙江·浙江省丽水中学校联考二模) During the live broadcast of the opening match between Qatar and Ecuador, a teenage boy in the audience wearing a kaffiyeh (头巾), a traditional headdress for men in Qatar, ___________ (grab) people’s attention by making dramatic facial expressions showing his unhappiness about his team’s performance — The Qatari team ultimately lost the match.
14. (2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考一模) The crosstalk realizes its artistic presentation by means of imitation, talking, teasing, and singing. The jokes ___________ (hide) in the baofu, or “package”.
15. (2023·湖北武汉·湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测) During Chinese Lunar New Year, over 20 traditional performances ___________ (hold), including the dragon dance and suona horn show.
16. (2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考三模) It is reported that it ___________ (hire) hundreds of waiters, tens of cooks, and dozens of kitchen staff, as well as over 25 cashiers so far.
17. (2021·广东茂名·信宜市信宜中学校考模拟预测) Millions of readers ___________ (inspire) by Nolan’s bittersweet story ever since.
18. (2022·浙江·浙江省丽水中学校联考二模) One Thursday last month, prince Abdulrahman recorded a video expressing his gratitude for the love he ___________ (receive) from the Chinese people.
19. (2023春·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考开学考试) They say having a large variety of plants also ___________ (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises.
20. (2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考模拟预测) Netizens joke that the high-speed trains ___________ (pack) with visiting tourists and that the air onboard is filled with cumin.
21. (2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江中学校考三模) So far, Shandong ___________ (launch) many cultural tourism projects, making great progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River to boost the high-quality development of the region.
22. (2023·广东珠海·珠海市第一中学校考二模) When our eyes ___________ (catch) by the creations of the ancient Shu ancestors, it is an encounter with a civilization lost for 3, 000 years.
23. (2023春·浙江宁波·高三镇海中学校考阶段练习) To practise calligraphy ___________ (require) the basic tools of four treasures of study, writing brush, ink stick, paper, and ink slab as well as much concentration on guiding the soft writing brush charged with fluid ink, and writing on the paper where the ink will diffuse (扩散) quickly.
24. (2022秋·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考阶段练习) Nowadays, millions of people get the news of air crash whenever it happens. Therefore, the fear of flying ___________ (rise) in the past few years.
25. (2023·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考二模) According to a recent report archaeologists ___________ (restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors.
26. (2023·江苏盐城·盐城中学校考三模) Pancakes, scallions and table-top barbecues ___________ (see) as essential items for customers, and the immersive barbecue mode has met the taste and social needs of young customers.
27. (2021春·广东揭阳·高三普宁市第二中学校考阶段练习) Currently it ___________ (make) up 70 percent of the world’s high speed rail systems.
28. (2023春·浙江宁波·高三镇海中学校考阶段练习) Thus it can ___________ (compare) with Qigong, which also can shape and improve a person’s temper and promote well-being.
29. (2022秋·山东青岛·高三青岛二中校考期中) Human-wildlife conflict, referring to direct interactions between humans and wildlife with negative outcomes, ___________ (cost) the global economy billions of dollars annually.
30. (2023春·湖北随州·高三荆门市龙泉中学校联考阶段练习) Ever since then, China ___________ (introduce) a series of measures to broaden senior citizens’ access to education.
31. (2023·江苏盐城·盐城中学校考三模) Previously, the city’s culture and tourism bureau, along with 10 representatives from popular Zibo scenic spots, ___________ (board) the special weekend train G9321 on April 8 to promote tourism in Zibo and beneficial policies to passengers, which have made the low-profile industrial city unexpectedly one of the most popular tourist attractions in China in the post-epidemic era.
32. (2021春·广东揭阳·高三普宁市第二中学校考阶段练习) To date, China’s high-speed rail products and technology ___________ ( export) to nearly 100 countries and regions on six continents.
33. (2023·浙江金华·浙江金华第一中学校联考二模) Now Conor ___________ (prepare) a summer campaign, AllotMents 2.0, to increase the number of plots (小块土地) listed by more than 2000 percent.
34. (2022秋·山东济南·高三济南市历城第二中学校联考阶段练习) President Xi Jinping ___________ (join) local residents for tree planting in the capital’s suburbs in March this year—his 10th successive presence at the annual activity since he became China’s top leader.
35. (2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考二模) In 1986, the biggest known item of this kind, which weighs 6.5 kilograms and ___________ (refer) to as the “King of Cong”, was discovered in Fanshan Cemetery in the city ruins.
36. (2023·江苏·江苏省天一中学校考模拟预测) So far, studies ___________ (show) River Cleaning can collect 85 percent of all waste passing by it.
37. (2022·广东湛江·高三湛江一中校联考专题练习) According to Liu Siwei, promoter of the sport in Changchun, every group member usually ___________ (carry) a garbage bag and a trash clip while running.
38. (2023·浙江金华·浙江金华第一中学校联考二模) “AllotMe ___________ (found) as interest in garden space in cities increased during the pandemic, but with highly limited supply,” says Conor.
39. (2022秋·山东济南·高三济南市历城第二中学校联考阶段练习) When the People’s Republic of China ___________ (found) in 1949, forests covered only 8.6 percent of the country’s land area.
40. (2022·湖北·恩施市第一中学校考模拟预测) Located in the north Chengdu suburb with only 10 km to the city center, this base was first set up in 1987 with six sick and hungry giant pandas which ___________ (save) from the wild nature.
41. (2023·江苏扬州·江苏省高邮中学校考模拟预测) Since the first line in 2008, China’s high-speed railway ___________ (symbolize) a country’s economic power, and increasing prosperity.
42. (2022秋·广东广州·高三广州科学城中学校考阶段练习) The World Winter Sports (Beijing) Expo 2021 ___________ (hold) at the China National Convention Center and Shougang Industrial Park in Sep. 2021, with over 500 brand exhibitors from about 20 countries and regions showing their rich resources in winter sports.
43. (2023春·浙江·高三天台中学校联考阶段练习) For more than a thousand years, goods ___________ (transport) along the Grand Canal. Even today the country’s watery highway plays an important economic role in China.
44. (2022秋·山东济宁·高三曲阜一中校考开学考试) Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice ___________ (reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978.
45. (2022·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考三模) In Wangjia Zhuangzi village, half of the village’s 4500 people make kites, and more than 80 enterprises ___________ (involve) in the industry in the village, which makes over 80 million kites a year.
46. (2023·江苏扬州·江苏省高邮中学校考模拟预测) It is reported that the two coastal cities ___________ (identify) as the most suitable in the last conference due to their strong economic activities.
47. (2022秋·广东广州·高三广州科学城中学校考阶段练习) Most Italian brands at the expo ___________ (be) in China for many years, and also have partnerships with the 2022 Winter Olympics.
48. (2022秋·浙江杭州·高三学军中学校考阶段练习) In recent years reverse tourism ___________ (emerge) as a new trend among young holidaymakers in China.
49. (2022·山东·山东省实验中学校考模拟预测) Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government encouraged the country to contain the disease in Wuhan, Hubei province, after the city was locked down in late January. More than 42,000 medical workers from across the country ___________ (send) to Hubei to fight the disease.
50. (2022·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考模拟预测) China ___________ (have) the largest outbound tourists market. Indeed, more than 71 million Chinese tourists travelled abroad in 2018, 15 percent more than the previous year.
51. (2023·江苏南通·江苏省如皋中学校考三模) Straw weaving is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks. It ___________ (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
52. (2023·广东江门·新会陈经纶中学校考三模) Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and ___________ (become) widespread in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
(2022秋·浙江杭州·高三学军中学校考阶段练习) During the weeklong public holiday, which ended on Oct 7, large numbers of vacationers, especially young professionals who long to escape busy city life, ___________ (avoid) popular holiday destinations in order to get the beaten track and enjoy some peace and quiet.
54. (2022·山东济南·济南市历城第二中学校考模拟预测) Even people speaking the same language have distinct dialects (方言) that ___________ (root) in their history and culture.
55. (2022·湖北武汉·武汉市第十二中学统考模拟预测) Worse still, he ___________ (see) wolves which made him desperately tired sometimes.
56. (2023·江苏南通·江苏省如皋中学校考三模) Next ___________ (come) weaving, shaping and preserving of the work. Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work, and the hardest part is to make it lifelike.
57. (2023·广东江门·新会陈经纶中学校考三模) Since the Ming Dynasty, being able to write couplets ___________ (regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
58. (2022秋·浙江杭州·高三浙江省杭州第二中学校考阶段练习) With their exquisite beauty, flavor and color, pomegranates never fail to attract people and ___________ (cherish) for centuries also for their health benefits and anti-aging benefits.
59. (2022·山东烟台·莱州市第一中学校联考三模) The concept ___________ (spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far.
60. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测) And they then used it to season cooked meats and vegetables that ___________ (sell) cold for takeaway.
参考答案与详解
I. 单句语法填空：
1. promoted 考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，不仅在民间，而且在宫殿里也有很多表演，这促进了京剧的发展。这里为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上下文可知，从句时态为一般过去时。故填promoted。
2. is called 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这座桥被称为巴克隆悬索桥。陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，call与主语The bridge之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，助动词用is。故填is called。
3. was presented 考查动词时态和语态。句意：戴着智能眼镜，张看到了文物的虚拟图像。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知，句子为一般过去时态，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，故空处为一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为单数。故填was presented。
4. founded 考查时态。句意：法国人皮埃尔·顾拜旦于1894年创立了国际奥委会(IOC)。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in 1894可知应用一般过去时，故填founded。
5. are expected 考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着中国政府进一步鼓励消费者的消费意愿，在可预见的未来，中国经济有望继续复苏和增长。短语be expected to do sth.表示“有望……”，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为economic recovery and growth，谓语用复数。故填are expected。
6. joined 考查动词时态。句意：周二凌晨，梦天实验舱在天宫空间站成功与天和核心舱和天问实验舱对接。根据时间状语on the early morning of Tuesday可知，谓语动词join用一般过去时。故填joined。
7. ranged 考查动词时态。句意：学生们的回答从20克到500克不等。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，结合上下文时态可知，陈述过去所发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填ranged。
8. had completed 考查动词时态。句意：截至2021年底，已完成268座石窟的数字化采集、164座石窟图像处理等工作。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“By the end of 2021”可知，句子为过去完成时态。故填had completed。
9. has recognized 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，世界卫生组织已经认识到中医的重要性，特别是与西医结合。分析句子你结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以recognize作本句谓语，根据时间状语In recent years可知，用现在完成时，主语是the World Health Organization为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填has recognized。
10. have carried 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几百年来，这里的传统节日和习俗一直延续至今。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为for hundreds of years up to now，应用现在完成时，主语People是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。故填have carried。
11. is placed 考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：由于它的规模，加上它坐落在陡峭的山坡上，食客们从山脚下的停车场出发，最多需要30分钟才能到达888张可用桌子中的一张。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。动词place意为“放置”，和主语构成被动关系。主语it为第三人称单数。故填is placed。
12. were asked 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：一些学生被要求与家长合作，用新年绘画装饰他们的家。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文 assigned可知，此处应用一般过去时态。主语Some students与动词ask是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填were asked。
13. grabbed 考查动词时态。句意：在卡塔尔对厄瓜多尔的揭幕战现场直播中，一名戴着卡塔尔传统男子头饰“kafiya”的少年在观众中做出对球队表现（卡塔尔队输掉了比赛）不满的夸张表情，引起了人们的关注。During the live broadcast 表示过去的时间，空格处是谓语，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，故填grabbed。
14. are hidden 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些笑话都藏在“包袱”里。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为jokes，谓语用复数。故填are hidden。
15. are held 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国农历新年期间，这里举行20多种传统表演，包括舞龙和唢呐表演。空处作句子的谓语，句子描述的是现在的规律性的事件，应用一般现在时，performances和hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且performances为复数，be动词用are。故填are held。
16. has hired 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：据报道，到目前为止，它已经雇佣了数百名服务员、数十名厨师、数十名厨房工作人员，以及超过25名收银员。根据so far可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语it为第三人称单数。故填has hired。
17. have been inspired 考查动词时态和语态。句意：数以百万计的读者受到诺兰苦乐参半的故事的鼓舞。分析句子可知，本句的主语Millions of readers 与动词inspire 二者是被动关系，即读者被激励。根据时间状语“ever since”可知，要用现在完成时，故填have been inspired。
18. had received/received 考查时态。句意：上个月的一个星期四，Abdulrahman王子录制了一段视频，表达了他的感激之情，称这是他第一次从中国人民那里得到这么多的爱。表示过去之前发生的动作用过去完成时或表示过去的动作用一般过去时，故填had received或received。
19. helps 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们说，拥有大量种类的植物还有助于防止可能的作物疾病和未来的危机。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语having a large variety of plants看作第三人称单数，故填helps。
20. are packed 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：网友们开玩笑说，高铁里挤满了游客，车上的空气充满了孜然味。固定搭配be packed with“用……填满，填充，挤满……”，讲述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the high-speed trains复数，谓语复数形式，故填are packed。
21. has launched 考查现在完成时。句意：迄今为止，山东已经启动了许多文化旅游项目，在挖掘黄河文化和价值方面取得了重大进展，以推动该地区的高质量发展。根据上文So far可知为现在完成时，主语为Shandong，助动词用has。故填has launched。
22. are caught 考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我们的目光被古蜀祖先的创造所吸引时，这是与一个失落了三千年的文明的相遇。分析句子成分可知，空处应为时间状语从句的谓语动词。照应主句谓语动词“is”的时态，也应为一般现在时。空前主语为“our eyes”，为复数，且和提示词之间为被动关系，故谓语动词应为复数，为被动语态。故填are caught。
23. requires 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：练习书法，需要有“四宝”的基本工具——毛笔、墨棒、纸、砚台，还要集中精力用带着流动墨水的软毛笔引导，在墨水会迅速扩散的纸上写字。分析可知，设空处为谓语，主语是不定式短语，谓语用第三人称单数，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填requires。
24. has risen 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，对飞行的恐惧在过去的几年里有所上升。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句谓语动词。根据时间状语in the past few years可判断本句谓语动词为现在完成时；主语为the fear，不可数名词，所以谓语动词用has。故填has risen。
25. have restored 考查动词时态。句意：根据最近的一份报告，考古学家已经修复了140多个兵马俑。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以restore作本句谓语，根据标志词recent可知，用现在完成时，主语是archaeologists，为复数。故填have restored。
26. are seen 考查动词时态和语态。句意：煎饼、葱花、桌上烧烤被视为顾客的必备单品，沉浸式烧烤模式满足了年轻顾客的口味和社交需求。主语后缺少谓语，Pancakes,scallions and table-top barbecues 和谓语see是被动关系，描述现在的事情用一般现在时，故填一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语用复数。故填are seen。
27. makes 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：目前，中国高铁系统占世界高铁系统的70%。此处缺少谓语动词，根据 Currently 及语境可知，应使用一般现在时。主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
28. be compared 考查动词被动语态。句意：因此，它可以与气功相比较，气功也可以塑造和改善一个人的脾气，促进健康。设空处为谓语动词，和主语之间是被动语态，接在情态动词后应用动词原形，故填be compared。
29. costs 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人与野生动物的冲突，指的是人类与野生动物之间产生负面后果的直接互动，每年给全球经济造成数十亿美元的损失。提示词是谓语动词，与主语Human-wildlife conflict之间是主动关系，描述当前情况，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填costs。
30. has introduced 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，中国采取了一系列措施来扩大老年人受教育的机会。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Ever since then可知，此处应使用现在完成时，与句子主语China之间为主动关系，且主语是第三人称单数。故填has introduced。
31. boarded 考查动词时态。句意：此前，4月8日，淄博文化和旅游局与10名来自淄博热门景点的代表一起登上了G9321周末专列，以促进淄博的旅游业和对乘客的优惠政策，这使得这座低调的工业城市意外成为后疫情时代中国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。主语后缺少谓语动词。根据previously可知，用一般过去时。故填boarded。
32. have been exported 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，中国的高铁产品和技术已经出口到六大洲的近100个国家和地区。分析此处缺少谓语动词，和主语构成被动语态，又根据To date（到目前为止）这个时间状语可知，该空应该用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为“China's high-speed rail products and technology”，助动词用have。故填have been exported。
33. is preparing 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：现在，Conor正在筹备一个名为AllotMents 2.0的夏季活动，以便将列出的小块土地的数量增加2000%以上。由“Now”可知事情发生在现在，表示活动正在准备，应用现在进行时；Conor与prepare是主动关系，应用主动语态，且主语Conor是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数；故填is preparing。
34. joined 考查动词时态。句意：事实上，习近平主席今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动，这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语“in March this year”可知此句为一般过去时，故填joined。
35. is referred 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：1986年，在古城遗址的樊山墓地发现了已知最大的这种物品，重达6.5公斤，被称为“琮王”。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据谓语动词weighs可知，此处应使用一般现在时态，主语为关系代词which，指代的先行词“the biggest known item of this kind”为第三人称单数，且refer to与主语which为被动关系。故填is referred。
36. have shown 考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，河流清洁可以收集85%的经过它的废物。根据so far可知，句子用现在完成时，主语是复数名词，助动词使用have，故填have shown。
37. carries 考查动词时态。句意：据长春市这项运动的推动者刘思维(音)介绍，每个小组成员在跑步时通常会携带一个垃圾袋和一个垃圾夹。usually表示一般情况，every group member第三人称，故动词用一般现在时，且为第三人称单数，carry的变形carries。故填carries。
38. was founded 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：AllotMe的成立是因为在流行病大流行期间人们对城市花园空间的兴趣增加，但供应非常有限。事情发生在过去，应该一般过去时；AllotMe与found之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语AllotMe是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数；故填was founded。
39. was founded 考查动词时态和语态。句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立时，森林仅占国土面积的8.6%。设空处是从句的谓语动词，从句的主语the People’s Republic of China与found是被动关系，根据时间状语in 1949可知此从句为一般过去时，故填was founded。
40. were saved 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：该基地位于成都北郊，距市中心仅10公里，于1987年第一次建立，当时有6只从野生自然中拯救出来的生病和饥饿的大熊猫。which指代的是先行词pandas，是被救，由1987可知，句子时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，pandas是复数，因此空格处是were saved，故填were saved。
41. has symbolized 考查动词时态。句意：自2008年第一条高铁开通以来，中国的高铁已经成为一个国家经济实力和日益繁荣的象征。根据上文可知应用现在完成时，主语为China’s high-speed railway，助动词用has。故填has symbolized。
42. was held 考查时态和语态。句意：2021年北京世界冬季体育博览会于2021年9月在中国国家会议中心和首钢工业园区举行，有来自20多个国家和地区的500多家品牌展商展示了他们在冬季运动中的丰富的资源。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合所给时间状语in Sep. 2021，可知应用一般过去时，且hold与主语The World Winter Sports (Beijing) Expo 2021之间的关系为被动，故填was held。
43. have been transported 考查动词时态和语态。句意：1000多年来，货物被沿着大运河运输。空格处在作谓语，根据时间状语For more than a thousand years可知，应用现在完成时，主语goods和transport是动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been transported。
44. has reduced 考查动词时态。句意：研究表明，自1978年以来，极地冰每10年减少9.8%。根据since 1978可知，应用现在完成时，主语是polar ice，为不可数名词，助动词使用has。故填has reduced。
45. are involved 考查动词时态和时态。句意：全村4500人中有一半人制作风筝，村里有80多家企业从事这一行业。be involved in意为“参与”符合句意；通过句子结构分析可知此为and连接的并列句，两个分句表达的时间是一致的，所以用一般现在时。故填are involved。
46. were identified 考查动词时态和语态。句意：据悉，这两个沿海城市因其强劲的经济活动，在上次会议上被确定为最合适的城市。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合语境可知过去发生的事情为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为cities，谓语用复数。故填were identified。
47. have been 考查动词时态。句意：冬博会上的大多数意大利品牌已经在中国好多年了，并且也是2022年冬奥会的合作伙伴。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合句意以及for many years可知，空格处应填现在完成时，且主语Most Italian brands为复数形式，故填have been。
48. has emerged 考查时态。句意：近年来，反向旅游已成为中国年轻度假者的一种新趋势。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应使用现在完成时态，谓语动词emerge与主语reverse tourism之间为主动关系，且主语是单数，谓语单数形式。故填has emerged。
49. were sent 考查动词时态和语态。句意：来自全国各地的4.2万多名医务人员被派往湖北抗击疫情。3月初以来，中国大陆疫情得到有效控制。本句的主语为More than 42,000 medical workers，与谓语为被动关系，且句子为一般过去时。故填were sent。
50. has 考查动词时态。句意：中国拥有最大的出境旅游市场。分析句意可知，阐述客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时形式，主语China 是单数，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数has。故填has。
51. was listed 考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：它在2008年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。句子表示“它被列为国家级非物质文化遗产”，应用被动语态，且由in 2008可知，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语It是单数，因此空格处是was listed。故填was listed。
52. became 考查动词时态。句意：中国对联起源于五代，在明清时期广泛传播。and连接两个并列的谓语结构。根据句中的时间状语in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，这里应用一般过去时。故填became。
53. avoided 考查时态。句意：在10月7日结束的为期一周的公共假期期间，大量的度假者，尤其是那些渴望逃离繁忙的城市生活的年轻专业人士，避开了热门的度假目的地，去享受一些宁静。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，句子主语为vacationers，根据上文中的“During the weeklong public holiday, which ended on Oct 7”可知，此处应为一般过去时态，且该处与主语之间为主动关系。故填avoided。
54. are rooted 考查动词时态和语态。句意同上。分析句子可知，“ that (root) in their history and culture”为定语从句，修饰先行词 dialects，且先行词与root是被动关系，所以本句为一般现在时的被动语态。故填are rooted。
55. had seen 考查时态。句意：更糟糕的是，他曾见过狼，有时狼会让他极度绝望。分析句意可知，根据句意，此处表示过去曾见过狼，强调过去已经完成的事情，谓语动词用过去完成时形式had seen。故填had seen。
es 考查倒装，动词时态和主谓一致。句意：接下来是编织、塑形和保存。本句为倒装句，其句意为“接下来就是作品的编织、成型及保存”，通篇时态是一般现在时，主语“weaving, shaping and preserving”是抽象动作，谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是第三人称单数comes。故填comes。
57. has been regarded 考查主谓一致、动词时态和语态。句意：自明代以来，能写对联就被视为文人有修养的标志。分析句子，本句的主语为动名词短语being able to write couplets，所以谓语应用单数形式，且主语和regard之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。根据句中的时间状语Since the Ming Dynasty，这里应用现在完成时。故填has been regarded。
58. have been cherished 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：石榴以其精致的美丽、风味和颜色吸引着人们。几个世纪以来也因其有益健康和抗衰老而受到珍视。主语pomegranates与cherish是动宾关系，故用被动语态。根据时间状语for centuries及句意可知，此处表示石榴从过去到现在一直被珍视，还将被人们珍视下去，时态应用现在完成时。结合时态，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态(have/has been done)。主语pomegranates是复数，助动词用have，故填have been cherished。
59. has been spread 考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，这个概念已经被传播到音乐、舞蹈和电视剧中。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语so far可知，此处时态用现在完成时，由句意可知，动词spread与主语the concept之间为被动关系，此处谓语动词用现在完成时的被动式have/has been done，主语the concept为单数，助动词用has，故填has been spread。
60. were sold 考查动词的被动语态和时态。句意：然后他们用它来给冷卖的外卖熟食和蔬菜调味。分析句子结构可知that引导的是定语从句，所以sell是从句的谓语动词，that代指的是主句中的meats and vegetables，所以that与sell之间是被动关系，be动词应该用复数形式，再根据前一句，说的是发生在Ming dynasty时的事，应用过去时。故填were sold。
61. (2023·江苏南京·南京师大附中校考一模) It ___________ (design) to respond in a natural, intuitive way and has numerous potential uses.
2. (2021·广东汕头·汕头市潮阳实验学校校考模拟预测) But interest in driving among today’s teenagers ___________ (drop) sharply over the past 35 years.
3. (2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测) In the race, a drummer ___________ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on beat, while a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane.
4. (2022·山东烟台·莱州市第一中学校联考三模) The performance The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting, a high-tech exploration of an ancient Chinese blue-and-green landscape painting, ___________ (broadcast) during CCTV’s 2022 Spring Festival Gala.
5. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考模拟预测) From dancers waving long green sticks like freshly sprouting grass to six ice hockey players slapping pucks (冰球) toward the Olympic rings, the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games ___________ (intend) to represent unity and a new beginning.
6. (2023·江苏南京·南京师大附中校考一模) First, ChatGTP ___________ (make) quite some progress in natural language processing, yet it still has a long way to go to completely understand the human mind and language faculty, because when it comes to professional writing, ChatGPT at times writes plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers.
7. (2023秋·广东河源·高三河源市河源中学校考开学考试) Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that ___________ (make) up of 17 syllables (音节). And of course there are Tang poems from China which you may enjoy in particular.
8. (2022秋·浙江宁波·高三镇海中学校考阶段练习) On Qixi, more and more young people ___________ (go) on dates and exchanging gifts to express their affection.
9. (2022·山东泰安·泰安一中统考模拟预测) Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities ___________ (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts.
10. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考模拟预测) Ensuring that the Winter Olympic Games were held on schedule ___________ (show) the great efforts China made.
11. (2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江第一中学校考模拟预测) Huguosi Street was one of Beijing’s busiest commercial roads in the olden days. It also ___________ (house) the residence of Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang (1894-1961).
12. (2022·广东河源·高三河源市河源中学校考专题练习) It is the second time that the Shenzhou-13 astronauts ___________ (deliver) the public lecture to students.
13. (2022秋·浙江·高三德清县高级中学校联考阶段练习) Their initial training ___________ (follow) by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness.
14. (2022·山东潍坊·昌乐二中校考模拟预测) Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen ___________ (select) to be the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries submitted from 35 countries.
15. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考三模) Within their walls ___________ (be) a rich collection of over 100,000 superb sculptures and paintings, along with a great quantity of Buddhist cultural relics.
16. (2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江第一中学校考模拟预测) The neighborhood ___________ (change) over the decades, but the theater still stands tall and is currently managed by the National Peking Opera Company.
17. (2022·广东河源·高三河源市河源中学校考专题练习) On Dec 9, 2021, the first lecture in the “Tiangong Class” ___________ (give) by the Shenzhou-13 astronauts to a total of 1,420 students from five classrooms across China via live video streaming, which is designed to encourage young people to develop their interest in manned space night and exploration.
18. (2022秋·浙江·高三德清县高级中学校联考阶段练习) The researchers concluded that “sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, ___________ (facilitate) obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior.”
19. (2020·山东潍坊·山东省青州第一中学校考二模) The buildings in the Old Town of Dali ___________ (create) at the end of the 14th century.
20. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考三模) For example, the east main hall of the Foguang Temple is the highest wooden building in China that ___________ (survive) since the Tang Dynasty.
21. (2023春·江苏镇江·高三江苏省镇江第一中学校考开学考试) It ___________ (build) during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
22. (2022秋·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考阶段练习) Positive changes ___________ (take) pared with a year ago, students now have more independent, diversified choice of extracurricular activities to explore, and can develop their interests and abilities, which opens up new horizons for them.
23. (2022·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测) Yet, despite global water usage already increasing threefold (三倍) over the last fifty years, it ___________ (predict) that there will be a further 60%-100% increase in water usage by 2050.
24. (2020·山东潍坊·山东省青州第一中学校考二模) The Bai people ___________ (form) their unique tea culture on offering tea to guests till now. It is known as the “Three-Course Tea”.
25. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考二模) To survive the frequent floods and other natural disasters, wood ___________ (prefer) for most architectural structures in ancient China.
26. (2023春·江苏镇江·高三江苏省镇江第一中学校考开学考试) In the 1970s, parts of the rammed earth wall (夯土墙) were dug out and used by farmers for their land, but since the early 1990s, the local government ___________ (start) to take measures to protect the wall.
27. (2023秋·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考期末) Born in Munich, Germany, Rechenberg was so attracted by this delicate, classic Chinese silk at first sight and touch that in 1999 she came to China in search of it. Finding this fabric ___________ (be), however, more difficult than she had expected.
28. (2022秋·浙江嘉兴·高三嘉兴一中校考期中) A comics exhibition ___________ (launch) in Sydney on Wednesday, offering glimpses of the city of Chengdu, capital of southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and the Chinese animation industry.
29. (2022·山东潍坊·潍坊一中统考模拟预测) This marks the first time that categorical rhythm ___________ (find) in a nonhuman mammal.
30. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考一模) Both the feast and praying for descendants (后代) by the river ___________ (add) in the Han Dynasty.
31. (2023春·江苏镇江·高三江苏省镇江中学校考开学考试) These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, ___________ (carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into how ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.
32. (2023秋·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考期末) The couple ___________ (find) some fragrant cloud organza weaved (织) in the 1960s and dyed in the 1980s at a time-honored store in the Qianmen neighborhood, where she later set up a clothing studio.
33. (2022秋·浙江嘉兴·高三嘉兴一中校考期中) The fascinating Comics 2022-Chengdu Excellent Cartoon and Animation Works Exhibition, co-hosted by the China Cultural Center in Sydney and Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Culture, Broadcast-TV and Tourism, ___________ (present) more than 80 original artworks from Chengdu.
34. (2022春·湖北·高三湖北省武汉市汉铁高级中学校联考阶段练习) The mascot design for Bing Dwen Dwen ___________ (choose) from over 5,800 submissions from China and 35 countries around the world after a global competition arranged by the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee kicked off.
35. (2022秋·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中) She came from a humble background and ___________ (force) to choose the cheapest school available in the region.
36. (2023秋·江苏盐城·高三盐城中学校考期末) If you stop a random person on the street in China, there’s a pretty good chance their surname ___________ (be) either Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu or Chen.
37. (2021秋·广东广州·高三广州六中校考专题练习) So far, no one ___________ (prove) that an animal or a species has a language, partly because there is no universal idea of what can be considered as a language.
38. (2022秋·浙江·高三杭州四中校联考阶段练习) In recent months, the China Grand Canal Museum in Yangzhou, which exhibits the history and culture of the Grand Canal, ___________ (attract) a great number of visitors.
39. (2021秋·湖北·高三应城市第一高级中学校联考阶段练习) The 27-year-old man had spent days anxiously watching long lines of cars leaving for safer locations as Hurricane Ida ___________ (approach).
40. (2021秋·湖北·高三荆州中学校联考阶段练习) High-quality 5G networks ___________ (drive) rapid growth of mobile data traffic so far, according to Ding Yun, Huawei’s executive director and president of its carrier business group.
41. (2023秋·江苏盐城·高三盐城中学校考期末) The main problem is that not all Chinese characters ___________ (code) into computer systems.
42. (2023·广东广州·广州六中校考三模) After nearly a decade of preparation, construction of the new branch ___________ (begin) last December.
43. (2022秋·浙江·高三杭州四中校联考阶段练习) My passion ___________ (arouse) by those passengers, so I took my children to the museum too. I never knew why it had such great charm until I got there.
44. (2021秋·湖北·高三应城市第一高级中学校联考阶段练习) Out of desperation, Owens went to the bank on Saturday and applied for a payday loan. But he ___________ (tell) he didn’t have enough credit history.
45. (2021·湖北荆州·荆州中学校考二模) The 326-meter-tall glass Bailong Elevator ___________ (build) onto the side of a cliff at the start of this century and offers impressive views of the park.
46. (2023春·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考开学考试) The medals are inspired by yu bi, a Chinese jade artifact dating back 5,000 years. A total of five of this kind of jade ___________ (unearth) from a tomb up to now.
47. (2023·广东广州·广州六中校考三模) At present, over 1. 86 million cultural relics ___________ (house) in the museum.
48. (2022秋·浙江·高三杭州市长河高级中学校联考开学考试) On Sunday, the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China announced that the C919 aircraft ___________ (complete) all six test flights.
49. (2021·湖北荆州·荆州中学校考二模) This park, together with Suoxiyu Valley, Tianzi Mountain and Yangjiajie Scenic Area ___________ (make) up Wulingyuan Scenic Spot.
50. (2022春·浙江舟山·高三浙江省普陀中学校考阶段练习) Besides high-speed rail, China ___________ (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.
51. (2023秋·江苏淮安·高三江苏省淮安中学校考期末) What you spend rather than what you earn ___________ (help) to determine how content you are with life, a new study says.
52. (2021秋·浙江杭州·高三杭州高级中学校考阶段练习) The idea ___________ (surprise) many people. But Zhang Yue insisted on her own thoughts, as she wanted to experience the freedom of being her own boss and also give something back to her hometown.
53. (2022秋·浙江·高三杭州市长河高级中学校联考开学考试) However, there is room for constant improvement, as some parts of the C919 ___________ (import) from the West.
54. (2022·浙江·浙江省长兴中学校联考模拟预测) The success of the Chinese women’s national football team ___________ (be) a boost to China’s national pride.
55. (2022春·浙江·高三浙江省杭州第二中学校联考阶段练习) “That’s why cats were mummified (制成木乃伊), and a whole economy around raising and mummifying cats ___________ (create) in ancient Egypt,” explains professor Monique Skidmore.
56. (2023秋·江苏南京·高三南京市第三高级中学校考期末) The good news ___________ (be) that there is evidence that the population appears to be growing.
57. (2022·浙江·浙江省长兴中学校联考模拟预测) “It ___________ (accept) among Chinese soccer fans that soccer has always been a weak spot in China, but this is a great success, which has brought China back to the top of Asia in the field! commented the People’s Daily online.
58. (2022秋·浙江·高三浙江省淳安中学校联考开学考试) While many people have made videos to cheer on those working on the front lines of the fight since the latest COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai, Chien Meishuang ___________ (spend) her time in lockdown at home, painting simple heartwarming works.
59. (2022·浙江·浙江省淳安中学校联考三模) Undoubtedly, the book is my favorite one among the books that I ___________ (read) so far.
60. (2022·浙江·浙江省宁波市鄞州中学校联考模拟预测) Flight recorders are also known as black box. However, they ___________ (paint) bright orange in color actually to aid in their recovery after accidents.
II. 语篇填空（原创）
Japan says it will start releasing radioactive water from the destroyed Fukushima nuclear center into the sea beginning in two years. The polluted water is 1 (treat) before it is released into the Pacific Ocean. The government announced the plan Tuesday and said it had been approved by cabinet ministers. The decision had long been expected, but faced delays linked to safety concerns and public 2 (opposite).
Japan has said three reactors (反应堆) there suffered meltdowns after the 2011 earthquake and huge ocean wave destroyed the plant’s 3 (cool) systems. The disaster forced 160,000 people to flee 4 (pollute) areas around the plant. Tokyo Electric Power Company, or TEPCO, operates the nuclear center. It is carrying out the cleanup. Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said the government 5 (decide) the ocean release was the most realistic way 6 (solve) the water storage problem. Other methods considered included injecting the water into the ground or converting it to steam or hydrogen 7 then releasing it into the atmosphere.
The government describes the water to be released 8 “treated” and not ”radioactive”. But experts say that 100 percent of radioactive materials cannot be removed. Government officials say tritium (氚) is the only substance 9 cannot be removed from the water. They say tritium is not considered 10 (harm) in small amounts.
参考答案与解析
I.单句语法填空：
1. is designed 考查动词时态和语态。句意：它被设计成以一种自然、直观的方式做出反应，并具有许多潜在的用途。陈述可知事实，用一般现在时。主语It为单数，与design之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is designed。
2. has dropped 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：但在过去的35年里，如今的青少年对驾驶的兴趣急剧下降。根据“over the past 35 years”可知句子用现在完成时，主语interest是不可数名词，助动词用has，故填has dropped。
3. uses 考查动词时态。句意：在比赛中，鼓手使用一个传统的大木鼓来保持桨手的节奏，而后面的舵手则让他们保持在自己的航道上。分析句子可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，use意为“使用”，drummer为可数名词单数，故应用use的单数第三人称形式uses。故填uses。
4. was broadcast/was broadcasted 考查动词时态和语态。句意：《传奇山水画之旅》这一高科技探索中国古代青绿山水画的节目在2022年央视春晚期间播出。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语 during CCTV’s 2022 Spring Festival Gala(在2022年央视春晚期间)可知，时态用一般过去时，由句意可知，动词broadcast与主语The performance之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动式was/were done，主语The performance为单数，be动词用was，broadcast的过去分词为broadcast和broadcasted。故填was broadcast或was broadcasted。
5. was intended 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从舞蹈演员挥舞着绿色的长棍，就像刚发芽的小草，到六名冰球运动员向奥运五环击掌，北京2022年冬季奥运会的开幕式象征着团结和新的开始。固定短语be intended to意图，是用来……，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语是the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填was intended。
6. has made 考查动词时态。句意：首先，ChatGTP在自然语言处理方面已经取得了相当大的进展，但要完全理解人类的思维和语言能力还有很长的路要走，因为当涉及到专业写作时，ChatGTP有时会写出听起来似是而非的错误或荒谬的答案。结合句意可知，用现在完成时。主语ChatGTP为单数，谓语动词用has。故填has made。
7. is made 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，从句作主语，指代 a Japanese form of poetry，make是从句谓语动词，此处为客观陈述且a Japanese form of poetry与make之间为被动语态，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，且 a Japanese form of poetry是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填is made。
8. are going 考查动词时态。句意：在七夕，越来越多的年轻人通过约会和交换礼物来表达他们的感情。根据“and exchanging”可知，本句的时态为现在进行时；主语young people为复数，所以此处用are going，故填are going。
9. have organized/have been organizing 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都为退休人员组织一次秋季旅行。由“Since then”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时来表示这个事情将会继续下去，主语“all government units, organizations and streets communities”是复数，因此空格处是have organized/have been organizing，故填have organized/have been organizing。
10. showed 考查时态。句意：确保冬奥会如期举行，体现了中国所做的巨大努力。事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填showed。
11. housed 考查动词的时态。句意：它也是京剧大师梅兰芳(1894-1961)的住所。分析句式结构可知，空格处是谓语动词，根据上文中的was可知，本句的时态为一般过去时。故填housed。
12. have delivered 考查动词时态。句意：这是神舟十三号宇航员第二次给学生们做公开演讲。It is the second time that从句中用现在完成时态，主语the Shenzhou-13 astronauts复数，谓语复数形式。故填have delivered。
13. was followed 考查动词时态和语态。句意：他们最初的训练之后是8小时的夜间睡眠或清醒或白天清醒。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语training与follow之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was followed。
14. was selected 考查时态语态。句意：事实上，“冰墩墩”从35个国家提交的5800多份参赛作品中被选为2019年北京2022年冬奥会的吉祥物。主语与谓语构成被动关系，描述过去发生的动作故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Bing Dwen Dwen，谓语用单数。故填was selected。
15. is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在他们的墙内藏有超过10万件精美雕塑和绘画，以及大量佛教文物。这是一个倒装句，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是collection，单数形式，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数is。故填is。
16. has changed 考查动词的时态。句意：几十年来，这个社区已经发生了变化，但剧院仍然屹立不倒，目前由国家京剧团管理。根据本句的时间状语over the decades可知，本句的时态应该用现在完成时，主语The neighborhood是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has changed。
17. was given 考查动词时态和语态。句意：2021年12月9日，神舟13号航天员“天宫班”首次通过直播视频向来自全国5个教室的1420名学生进行讲座，旨在鼓励年轻人培养对载人航天之夜和探索的兴趣。时间状语是 On Dec 9, 2021，用一般过去时，“讲座”和“给(give)”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the first lecture单数，谓语单数形式。故填was given。
18. facilitates 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员得出结论：“通过重组新的记忆表征，睡眠有助于获得有表现力的知识和有洞察力的行为。”此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语sleep为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填facilitates。
19. were created 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：大理古城的建筑建于14世纪末。此处缺乏谓语，结合时间状语at the end of the 14th century，主语The buildings和谓语动词create是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The buildings复数，谓语复数形式。故填were created。
20. has survived 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，佛光寺东大殿是中国自唐代以来保存下来的最高的木质建筑。根据后面的时间状语since the Tang Dynasty可知，that引导的定语从句应该用现在完成时。that指代building，为单数形式。故填has survived。
21. was built 考查动词时态和语态。句意：它建于春秋战国时期。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语。句子表述过去事实故使用一般过去时。同时it与build之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时被动语态。故填was built。
22. have taken 考查动词时态。句意：积极的变化发生了。分析句式可知，此处用现在完成时表示变化已经发生，且take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。故填have taken。
23. is predicted 考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，尽管全球用水量在过去五十年中已经增长了三倍，但据预测，到2050年，全球用水量将进一步增长60%-100%。分析句子成分可知，it作形式主语，代后面的从句。从句中提到的内容和predict“预测”是动宾关系，即被动；根据全文可知，时态为一般现在时。故填is predicted。
24. have formed 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：至今日，白族人在饮茶上形成了自己独特的茶文化。此处缺乏谓语，结合时间状语till now，时态用现在完成时，主语The Bai people (白族人民)复数，谓语复数形式。故填have formed。
25. was preferred 考查动词时态语态。句意：为了在频繁的洪水和其他自然灾害中幸存下来，中国古代的大多数建筑结构首选木材。根据后文in ancient China可知应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为wood，谓语动词用单数。故填was preferred。
26. has started 考查动词时态。句意：20世纪70年代，部分夯土墙被挖出来供农民耕种，但从90年代初开始，当地政府开始采取措施保护这堵墙。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示动作发生在过去持续到现在，故使用现在完成时。故填has started。
27. was 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，找到这种布料比她预料的要困难得多。根据上文时态及本句比较状语从句中的过去完成时可知，此处应用一般过去时态；此处是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
28. was launched 考查动词时态和语态。句意：周三，一场漫画展在悉尼开幕，让人们得以一睹中国西南部四川省省会成都市和中国动漫产业的风采。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文on Wednesday可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was launched。
29. has been found 考查时态和语态。句意：这标志着分类节律首次在非人类哺乳动物中被发现。the first time后面的从句，使用完成时，由marks可知，应用现在完成时，find与categorical rhythm是逻辑动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，从句主语categorical rhythm单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填has been found。
30. were added 考查时态和语态。句意：在汉代，又增加了在河边举行盛宴和为后代祈福的活动。根据“in the Han Dynasty”可知，要用一般过去时；由于Both the feast and praying是主语，并且和谓语add是被动关系，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were added。
31. were carved 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些有三千年历史的符号，甲骨文，刻在甲壳或动物的骨头上，可以让我们了解古人如何看待周围的世界，以及他们伟大的创造力。根据句意以及上文的“These 3000-year-old symbols”可知，这些文字是在3000年前雕刻，属于过去发生的事实要用一般过去时。主语These 3000-year-old symbols是复数，且与动词carve是被动关系。故填were carved。
32. found 考查动词时态。句意：这对夫妇在前门附近的一家老店里找到了一些用上世纪60年代编织、上世纪80年代染色的香云欧根纱，她后来在那里开了一家服装工作室。根据时间状语in the 1960s可知，此处为动词的一般过去时。故填found。
33. presented 考查动词时态。句意：由悉尼中国文化中心和成都市文化广播电视旅游局联合主办的“漫画2022-成都优秀动漫作品展”展出了来自成都的80多件原创作品。作谓语，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填presented。
34. was chosen 考查时态和语态。句意：在北京2022年奥组委组织的全球竞赛拉开帷幕后，冰墩墩的吉祥物设计是从来自中国和全球35个国家的5800多份参赛作品中选出的。分析句子成分可知，此处为谓语动词。主语The mascot design和动词choose之间形成动宾关系，且为过去发生的事实，故一般过去时的被动。故填was chosen。
35. was forced 考查时态和语态。句意：她出身卑微，被迫选择该地区最便宜的学校。分析句子可知，and连接两个并列成分，空处为句子的谓语，由前面的came可知，应用一般过去时，主语She与force之间是被动关系，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was forced。
36. would be/will be 考查动词时态。句意：如果你在中国的大街上随便拦下一个人，很有可能他姓王、姓李、姓张、姓刘或姓陈。结合“there’s a pretty good chance (很有可能)”可知，此处可用would be，表示推测；if引导的条件状语从句用的是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故此处也可填will be。故填would/will be。
37. has proved/proven 考查动词时态。句中时间状语So far与现在完成时连用，与主语no one一致用单数，故填has proved/proven。
38. has attracted 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近几个月来，位于扬州的中国大运河博物馆，展示了大运河的历史和文化，吸引了大量的游客。分析句子可知，attract作谓语，主语是“the China Grand Canal Museum”，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，由时间状语in recent months可知，用现在完成时，故填has attracted。
39. approached/was approaching 考查动词时态。根据第一段的时间状语on Sunday及空前的时态had spent可知，该句叙述强调的是过去发生的事，故用所给动词的过去式；用过去进行时强调过去进行也可以，主语是Hurricane Ida，所以be动词用单数形式was。故填approached /was approaching。
40. have driven 考查时态。句意：华为运营商业务集团执行董事兼总裁丁云表示，迄今为止，高质量的5G网络驱动了移动数据流量的快速增长。根据句中的时间状语so far可知，设空处应用现在完成时，主语是high-quality 5G networks，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have driven。
41. have been coded 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：主要的问题是，并不是所有的汉字都被编码进了计算机系统。结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，且主语characters和动词code之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，助动词用have，故填have been coded。
42. began 考查动词时态。句意：经过近十年的准备，新分馆于去年12月开始建设。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状last December可知，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填began。
43. was aroused 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：那些乘客激起了我的热情，所以我也带着我的孩子们去了博物馆。分析句子可知，arouse是谓语动词，与主语my passion是被动关系，根
英语时态共十六个，常考或较常用的有十一个。语态共两个：主动和被动。见下表：
时态名称 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done
一般过去时 did was/were done
一般将来时 will/shall do is/am/are going to do shall/will be done is/am/are going to be done
现在进行时 is/am/are doing am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done
将来进行时 will be doing
现在完成时 has/have done have/has been done
过去完成时 had done had been done
将来完成时 will/shall have done will/would have been done
现在完成进行时 has/have been doing
过去将来时 would/should do should/would be done
含有情态动词的 can/must/may do can/must/may be done
注意：be-was/were-been-being（只有vt.及物动词有被动，其余动词都没有被动。）
（一）一般现在时
1.表示经常，一般性，习惯性的动作，常与表频率的时间状语连用。（every day/year/month, always, usually, often, sometimes, annually，day after day, once a week, at weekends, on Sundays）
I usually get up at 6’o clock.
We always care for each other and help each other.
2.表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受主句时态的限制)
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Time is like water in a sponge. As long as you are willing to squeeze, there is always some.
时间就像海绵里的水，只要愿意挤，总还是有的。——鲁迅
3.既定的时间如日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等用一般现在时表将来；
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天早上六点开。
4.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时，即主将从现。
If you go, I will go.
I’ll go there after I finish my work.
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
5.以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在谓语动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:
1.一般情况 加-s 如：eat→eats
2.以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词 加-es 如：discuss→discusses，teach→teaches
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-es 如：carry→carries，fly→flies
（二）一般过去时
1.过去某一时间内发生或经常发生的动作或存在的状态，（常见的时间状语有：yesterday, just now, last +时间, in 1945, at that time, once曾经, in the Tang dynasty， a few days ago，once upon a time曾经, the other day在过去的某一天）
I am still the boy I was.我还是那个男孩。
He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。
We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。
动词变化方法如下:
一般情况 加-ed 如：pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-ed 如：carry→carried，try→tried
重读闭音节结尾 双写该辅音字母,再加-ed 如：plan→planned，stop→stopped
以字母e结尾的动词 加-d 如：like→liked，provide→provided不规则动词 重点背不规则动词表，常考，可以说是必考。
（三）一般将来时
1.表示将来的动作和存在的状态（常用时间状语有：tomorrow, next year, in+将来的年，in the future, one day, someday，soon，the day after tomorrow）
The company will launch a new version of iPhone in September.该公司将于9月推出新版iPhone。
2.表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。
Oil will float on water.油会浮在水面上。
Crops will die without water.没有水庄稼会死亡
1.be going to：表示打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事
I am going to visit my friend in hospital.我将去看望住在医院的朋友。
It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来好象要下雨了。
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project.
2.be about to：表示即时的将来。一般不与时间状语连用
Now ladies and gentleman, you’re about to hear the most incredible tale.
女士们，先生们，你们马上就要听到一个难以置信的故事。
I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success. 成功离我如此近,我不打算停下来。
3.be to do：可用来表示计划、安排（通常是正式的安排）；指令；（表示可能）会做……，可能；必定会发生或已发生了某事；发布命令或告之规则
Their daughter is to get married soon.他们的女儿可能不久就要结婚了。
She is to be married next month.她下个月就要结婚了。
4.be doing现在进行表将来。常用于短暂性动词，常见的短暂性动词有：come, go, leave , take off, arrive, start, begin）
We're leaving early tomorrow morning.我们明天一早就出发。
现在进行时
1.表示现在正在进行的动作；
It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.现在正下着大雨，因此我们必须呆在家里。
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作，常与these days,this week等时间状语连用。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
与always, often, constantly等连用，表达一种强烈的情感色彩，如同情、抱怨、好奇等。
Why are always forgetting his name 为啥你总是记他的名字呢？
She is always complaining. 她总是抱怨。
一般情况 加 ing try→trying
重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加 ing regret→regretting；ban→banning
以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e，加 ing hate→hating；date→dating
特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
(1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如：
I‘m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
(2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时不表示动作的持续。
What are you doing these days 这几天你在干什么？
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。
(3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。
His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。
(4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。
I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。
I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。
（五）过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示：at 8
o’clock last night, this time yesterday等）
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天一整天他都在准备他的演讲。
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book.
那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)
2.叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。
I was writing while he was watching TV. 我在写东西而他在看电视。
While we were having breakfast, John was talking on the phone.
我们吃早饭的时候，约翰在打电话。
I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university.
我在大学读书，而我哥哥在大学教书。
（六）将来进行时
1.表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语
When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.他明天来我家的时候，我将正在写报告。
2.表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.
我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。
3.表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测
Stop the child or he will be falling over.拦住那孩子，不然他会摔下去的。
将来进行时和一般将来时的区别
1.一般将来时不仅表示“将来”，还含有“意志、意愿”等的意思
I’ll try my best to hard work at English.我将尽全力努力学习英语。（含意愿的意思）
I’ll be studying English next term.下学期我将学习英语。（表示单纯的将来）
2.跟一般将来时连用的时间状语比较模糊，而跟进来进行时连用的时间状语非常具体
I’ll write a letter to my father tomorrow.我明天要给父亲写信。
I’ll be writing a letter to my father this time tomorrow.明天这个时候，我会给父亲写信的。
（七）现在完成时
1）since + 时间点 ，since then,ever since
2）for + 时间段
3）到目前为止 so far, by now，till now, up to now, till to now
4）in/over the past/last ten days/ weeks/months/years过去十天/星期/月/年以来
5）recently，recent+时间，lately, already
1.表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
He has learned English for six years.他学英语已经六年了。
They have worked here since they left college.他们大学毕业以后就在这里工作。
2.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。
—Where is Li Hua —李华在哪里？
－He has gone to the reading-room.—他去阅览室了。（没回来）
—She knows a lot about Shanghai.—关于上海，她懂很多。
－She has been there.—她去过那里。（已经回来）
常用固定句式：
1.It is the first（序数词）time that+ sb. have/has done sth.
2.It has been/(is) + 一段时间 + since+过去式
例1.It is the first time in a year and a half that I have seen the night face to face.
例2.It is/has been ten years since he left Beijing.
（八）过去完成时
1.动作发生在过去的过去。
He had shut the door before the dog came up.在那狗走过来之前，他已将门关上了。
Everything had been all right up till this morning.直到今天上午为止，一切都正常。
At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.十岁的时候，他已经学了500个英语单词了。
He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.我们知道的时候，他已经病了一个星期了。
2.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们本期望你能赢得这场比赛的。
常用固定句式：
1.no sooner..过去完成时.than 一般过去时 一....就....
2.hardly.过去完成时..when一般过去时 一....就....
3.It was the first（序数词）time that+ sb. had done sth.
例1. I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
例2. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
by+过去的时间”意为“截止到过去的某个时间”,可与过去完成时态连用
例3.By the end of 2021, it had completed the digital collection of 268 grottoes,the image processing of 164 grottoes, and so on.
截至2021年底，已经完成了268个石窟的数字化采集、164个石窟的图像处理等工作。
（九）将来完成时（时间状语常用by+将来的时间点）
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。
We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将会完成高中第二册书。
We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。
We had learned 2000 English words by the end of last term.
到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。
（十）现在完成进行时
用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还可能要继续持续下去）的动作。
He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.
8点以来，他一直在做这些数学题。
（十一）过去将来时
相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。
I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。
主动表示被动的几种情况
①不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook,lock, wash等。
This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。
These books sell well.这些书好卖。
The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
②一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错。
The flower smells wonderful.这花闻起来很不错。
The news proved/turned out true.这消息后来证明时真的。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。
③主语+need/want/require表示需要被……的时候，常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式。
The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这车需要修理。
④be worth doing表示某事值得去做。
The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得一游。
就远/就近原则
由下列单词或短语连接A,B两个成分做句子主语时，谓语的单复数与离它远的A的单复数保持一致。即就远原则。as well as；（together/along/combined）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from, like, as much as, no less than等。如：
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.除了这两个学生，没有人在教室。
Everybody except you is down on me. 除了你，大家都看不起我。
A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学一起看了这部电影。
My father, no less than I, is a base-ball fan. 我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。
The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there. 不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。
The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.
老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣。
由下列单词或短语连接A,B两个成分做句子主语时，谓语的单复数与离它近的A的单复数保持一致。即就近原则。 or，not only … but also …，either …or, neither …nor, not … but …，there be 句型，等。如：
You or he is going to be sent to study abroad .
He or we are going to be sent to study abroad .
There is only a desk and two chairs in the room .
There are two chairs and a desk in the room .
What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
Neither you nor I am wrong .你和我都没错。
Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
Not only you but(also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。
I.单句语法填空：
1. (2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测) After that, there were lots of performances not only in folk places, but also in the palace, which ___________ (promote) Beijing Opera’s development.
2. (2023秋·广东湛江·高三湛江一中校考开学考试) The bridge ___________ (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese.
3. (2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测) When Zhang Han set foot inside Liangzhu Museum, the 10-year-old embarked on a tour that took him back more than 5,000 years. Wearing the smart glasses, Zhang ___________ (present) with virtual images of relics.
4. (2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模) Pierre Coubertin, a Frenchman, ___________ (found) the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894.
5. (2023·湖北荆门·荆门市龙泉中学校考三模) With the Chinese government further encouraging consumer willingness to spend, economic recovery and growth ___________ (expect) to continue in the foreseeable future.
6. (2023·江苏扬州·扬州中学校考模拟预测) The Mengtian lab module successfully ___________ (join) the Tianhe core module and the Wentian lab module at China’s space station Tiangong on the early morning of Tuesday.
7. (2023秋·广东广州·高三执信中学校考开学考试) He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How heavy do you think this glass of water is ” The students’ answers ___________ (range) from 20g to 500g.
8. (2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测) By the end of 2021, it ___________ (complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes, the image processing of 164 grottoes, and so on.
9. (2023·山东济南·山东师范大学附中校考模拟预测) In recent years, the World Health Organization ___________ (recognize) the importance of Traditional Chinese medicine, especially in combination with Western medicine.
10. (2023·湖北武汉·湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测) People ___________ (carry) on traditional festivals and customs here for hundreds of years up to now.
11. (2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考三模) Because of its size, and the fact that it ___________ (place) on a steep hillside, diners can take up to 30 minutes from the parking lot at the bottom of the hill to one of the 888 tables available.
12. (2023·广东广州·广州市番禺区南村中学校考三模) Some students ___________ (ask) to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year paintings.
13. (2022·浙江·浙江省丽水中学校联考二模) During the live broadcast of the opening match between Qatar and Ecuador, a teenage boy in the audience wearing a kaffiyeh (头巾), a traditional headdress for men in Qatar, ___________ (grab) people’s attention by making dramatic facial expressions showing his unhappiness about his team’s performance — The Qatari team ultimately lost the match.
14. (2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考一模) The crosstalk realizes its artistic presentation by means of imitation, talking, teasing, and singing. The jokes ___________ (hide) in the baofu, or “package”.
15. (2023·湖北武汉·湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测) During Chinese Lunar New Year, over 20 traditional performances ___________ (hold), including the dragon dance and suona horn show.
16. (2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考三模) It is reported that it ___________ (hire) hundreds of waiters, tens of cooks, and dozens of kitchen staff, as well as over 25 cashiers so far.
17. (2021·广东茂名·信宜市信宜中学校考模拟预测) Millions of readers ___________ (inspire) by Nolan’s bittersweet story ever since.
18. (2022·浙江·浙江省丽水中学校联考二模) One Thursday last month, prince Abdulrahman recorded a video expressing his gratitude for the love he ___________ (receive) from the Chinese people.
19. (2023春·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考开学考试) They say having a large variety of plants also ___________ (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises.
20. (2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考模拟预测) Netizens joke that the high-speed trains ___________ (pack) with visiting tourists and that the air onboard is filled with cumin.
21. (2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江中学校考三模) So far, Shandong ___________ (launch) many cultural tourism projects, making great progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River to boost the high-quality development of the region.
22. (2023·广东珠海·珠海市第一中学校考二模) When our eyes ___________ (catch) by the creations of the ancient Shu ancestors, it is an encounter with a civilization lost for 3, 000 years.
23. (2023春·浙江宁波·高三镇海中学校考阶段练习) To practise calligraphy ___________ (require) the basic tools of four treasures of study, writing brush, ink stick, paper, and ink slab as well as much concentration on guiding the soft writing brush charged with fluid ink, and writing on the paper where the ink will diffuse (扩散) quickly.
24. (2022秋·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考阶段练习) Nowadays, millions of people get the news of air crash whenever it happens. Therefore, the fear of flying ___________ (rise) in the past few years.
25. (2023·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考二模) According to a recent report archaeologists ___________ (restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors.
26. (2023·江苏盐城·盐城中学校考三模) Pancakes, scallions and table-top barbecues ___________ (see) as essential items for customers, and the immersive barbecue mode has met the taste and social needs of young customers.
27. (2021春·广东揭阳·高三普宁市第二中学校考阶段练习) Currently it ___________ (make) up 70 percent of the world’s high speed rail systems.
28. (2023春·浙江宁波·高三镇海中学校考阶段练习) Thus it can ___________ (compare) with Qigong, which also can shape and improve a person’s temper and promote well-being.
29. (2022秋·山东青岛·高三青岛二中校考期中) Human-wildlife conflict, referring to direct interactions between humans and wildlife with negative outcomes, ___________ (cost) the global economy billions of dollars annually.
30. (2023春·湖北随州·高三荆门市龙泉中学校联考阶段练习) Ever since then, China ___________ (introduce) a series of measures to broaden senior citizens’ access to education.
31. (2023·江苏盐城·盐城中学校考三模) Previously, the city’s culture and tourism bureau, along with 10 representatives from popular Zibo scenic spots, ___________ (board) the special weekend train G9321 on April 8 to promote tourism in Zibo and beneficial policies to passengers, which have made the low-profile industrial city unexpectedly one of the most popular tourist attractions in China in the post-epidemic era.
32. (2021春·广东揭阳·高三普宁市第二中学校考阶段练习) To date, China’s high-speed rail products and technology ___________ ( export) to nearly 100 countries and regions on six continents.
33. (2023·浙江金华·浙江金华第一中学校联考二模) Now Conor ___________ (prepare) a summer campaign, AllotMents 2.0, to increase the number of plots (小块土地) listed by more than 2000 percent.
34. (2022秋·山东济南·高三济南市历城第二中学校联考阶段练习) President Xi Jinping ___________ (join) local residents for tree planting in the capital’s suburbs in March this year—his 10th successive presence at the annual activity since he became China’s top leader.
35. (2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考二模) In 1986, the biggest known item of this kind, which weighs 6.5 kilograms and ___________ (refer) to as the “King of Cong”, was discovered in Fanshan Cemetery in the city ruins.
36. (2023·江苏·江苏省天一中学校考模拟预测) So far, studies ___________ (show) River Cleaning can collect 85 percent of all waste passing by it.
37. (2022·广东湛江·高三湛江一中校联考专题练习) According to Liu Siwei, promoter of the sport in Changchun, every group member usually ___________ (carry) a garbage bag and a trash clip while running.
38. (2023·浙江金华·浙江金华第一中学校联考二模) “AllotMe ___________ (found) as interest in garden space in cities increased during the pandemic, but with highly limited supply,” says Conor.
39. (2022秋·山东济南·高三济南市历城第二中学校联考阶段练习) When the People’s Republic of China ___________ (found) in 1949, forests covered only 8.6 percent of the country’s land area.
40. (2022·湖北·恩施市第一中学校考模拟预测) Located in the north Chengdu suburb with only 10 km to the city center, this base was first set up in 1987 with six sick and hungry giant pandas which ___________ (save) from the wild nature.
41. (2023·江苏扬州·江苏省高邮中学校考模拟预测) Since the first line in 2008, China’s high-speed railway ___________ (symbolize) a country’s economic power, and increasing prosperity.
42. (2022秋·广东广州·高三广州科学城中学校考阶段练习) The World Winter Sports (Beijing) Expo 2021 ___________ (hold) at the China National Convention Center and Shougang Industrial Park in Sep. 2021, with over 500 brand exhibitors from about 20 countries and regions showing their rich resources in winter sports.
43. (2023春·浙江·高三天台中学校联考阶段练习) For more than a thousand years, goods ___________ (transport) along the Grand Canal. Even today the country’s watery highway plays an important economic role in China.
44. (2022秋·山东济宁·高三曲阜一中校考开学考试) Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice ___________ (reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978.
45. (2022·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考三模) In Wangjia Zhuangzi village, half of the village’s 4500 people make kites, and more than 80 enterprises ___________ (involve) in the industry in the village, which makes over 80 million kites a year.
46. (2023·江苏扬州·江苏省高邮中学校考模拟预测) It is reported that the two coastal cities ___________ (identify) as the most suitable in the last conference due to their strong economic activities.
47. (2022秋·广东广州·高三广州科学城中学校考阶段练习) Most Italian brands at the expo ___________ (be) in China for many years, and also have partnerships with the 2022 Winter Olympics.
48. (2022秋·浙江杭州·高三学军中学校考阶段练习) In recent years reverse tourism ___________ (emerge) as a new trend among young holidaymakers in China.
49. (2022·山东·山东省实验中学校考模拟预测) Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government encouraged the country to contain the disease in Wuhan, Hubei province, after the city was locked down in late January. More than 42,000 medical workers from across the country ___________ (send) to Hubei to fight the disease.
50. (2022·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考模拟预测) China ___________ (have) the largest outbound tourists market. Indeed, more than 71 million Chinese tourists travelled abroad in 2018, 15 percent more than the previous year.
51. (2023·江苏南通·江苏省如皋中学校考三模) Straw weaving is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks. It ___________ (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
52. (2023·广东江门·新会陈经纶中学校考三模) Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and ___________ (become) widespread in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
(2022秋·浙江杭州·高三学军中学校考阶段练习) During the weeklong public holiday, which ended on Oct 7, large numbers of vacationers, especially young professionals who long to escape busy city life, ___________ (avoid) popular holiday destinations in order to get the beaten track and enjoy some peace and quiet.
54. (2022·山东济南·济南市历城第二中学校考模拟预测) Even people speaking the same language have distinct dialects (方言) that ___________ (root) in their history and culture.
55. (2022·湖北武汉·武汉市第十二中学统考模拟预测) Worse still, he ___________ (see) wolves which made him desperately tired sometimes.
56. (2023·江苏南通·江苏省如皋中学校考三模) Next ___________ (come) weaving, shaping and preserving of the work. Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work, and the hardest part is to make it lifelike.
57. (2023·广东江门·新会陈经纶中学校考三模) Since the Ming Dynasty, being able to write couplets ___________ (regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
58. (2022秋·浙江杭州·高三浙江省杭州第二中学校考阶段练习) With their exquisite beauty, flavor and color, pomegranates never fail to attract people and ___________ (cherish) for centuries also for their health benefits and anti-aging benefits.
59. (2022·山东烟台·莱州市第一中学校联考三模) The concept ___________ (spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far.
60. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测) And they then used it to season cooked meats and vegetables that ___________ (sell) cold for takeaway.
参考答案与详解
I. 单句语法填空：
1. promoted 考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，不仅在民间，而且在宫殿里也有很多表演，这促进了京剧的发展。这里为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上下文可知，从句时态为一般过去时。故填promoted。
2. is called 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这座桥被称为巴克隆悬索桥。陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，call与主语The bridge之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，助动词用is。故填is called。
3. was presented 考查动词时态和语态。句意：戴着智能眼镜，张看到了文物的虚拟图像。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知，句子为一般过去时态，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，故空处为一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为单数。故填was presented。
4. founded 考查时态。句意：法国人皮埃尔·顾拜旦于1894年创立了国际奥委会(IOC)。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in 1894可知应用一般过去时，故填founded。
5. are expected 考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着中国政府进一步鼓励消费者的消费意愿，在可预见的未来，中国经济有望继续复苏和增长。短语be expected to do sth.表示“有望……”，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为economic recovery and growth，谓语用复数。故填are expected。
6. joined 考查动词时态。句意：周二凌晨，梦天实验舱在天宫空间站成功与天和核心舱和天问实验舱对接。根据时间状语on the early morning of Tuesday可知，谓语动词join用一般过去时。故填joined。
7. ranged 考查动词时态。句意：学生们的回答从20克到500克不等。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，结合上下文时态可知，陈述过去所发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填ranged。
8. had completed 考查动词时态。句意：截至2021年底，已完成268座石窟的数字化采集、164座石窟图像处理等工作。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“By the end of 2021”可知，句子为过去完成时态。故填had completed。
9. has recognized 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，世界卫生组织已经认识到中医的重要性，特别是与西医结合。分析句子你结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以recognize作本句谓语，根据时间状语In recent years可知，用现在完成时，主语是the World Health Organization为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填has recognized。
10. have carried 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几百年来，这里的传统节日和习俗一直延续至今。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为for hundreds of years up to now，应用现在完成时，主语People是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。故填have carried。
11. is placed 考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：由于它的规模，加上它坐落在陡峭的山坡上，食客们从山脚下的停车场出发，最多需要30分钟才能到达888张可用桌子中的一张。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。动词place意为“放置”，和主语构成被动关系。主语it为第三人称单数。故填is placed。
12. were asked 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：一些学生被要求与家长合作，用新年绘画装饰他们的家。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文 assigned可知，此处应用一般过去时态。主语Some students与动词ask是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填were asked。
13. grabbed 考查动词时态。句意：在卡塔尔对厄瓜多尔的揭幕战现场直播中，一名戴着卡塔尔传统男子头饰“kafiya”的少年在观众中做出对球队表现（卡塔尔队输掉了比赛）不满的夸张表情，引起了人们的关注。During the live broadcast 表示过去的时间，空格处是谓语，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，故填grabbed。
14. are hidden 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些笑话都藏在“包袱”里。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为jokes，谓语用复数。故填are hidden。
15. are held 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国农历新年期间，这里举行20多种传统表演，包括舞龙和唢呐表演。空处作句子的谓语，句子描述的是现在的规律性的事件，应用一般现在时，performances和hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且performances为复数，be动词用are。故填are held。
16. has hired 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：据报道，到目前为止，它已经雇佣了数百名服务员、数十名厨师、数十名厨房工作人员，以及超过25名收银员。根据so far可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语it为第三人称单数。故填has hired。
17. have been inspired 考查动词时态和语态。句意：数以百万计的读者受到诺兰苦乐参半的故事的鼓舞。分析句子可知，本句的主语Millions of readers 与动词inspire 二者是被动关系，即读者被激励。根据时间状语“ever since”可知，要用现在完成时，故填have been inspired。
18. had received/received 考查时态。句意：上个月的一个星期四，Abdulrahman王子录制了一段视频，表达了他的感激之情，称这是他第一次从中国人民那里得到这么多的爱。表示过去之前发生的动作用过去完成时或表示过去的动作用一般过去时，故填had received或received。
19. helps 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们说，拥有大量种类的植物还有助于防止可能的作物疾病和未来的危机。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语having a large variety of plants看作第三人称单数，故填helps。
20. are packed 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：网友们开玩笑说，高铁里挤满了游客，车上的空气充满了孜然味。固定搭配be packed with“用……填满，填充，挤满……”，讲述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the high-speed trains复数，谓语复数形式，故填are packed。
21. has launched 考查现在完成时。句意：迄今为止，山东已经启动了许多文化旅游项目，在挖掘黄河文化和价值方面取得了重大进展，以推动该地区的高质量发展。根据上文So far可知为现在完成时，主语为Shandong，助动词用has。故填has launched。
22. are caught 考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我们的目光被古蜀祖先的创造所吸引时，这是与一个失落了三千年的文明的相遇。分析句子成分可知，空处应为时间状语从句的谓语动词。照应主句谓语动词“is”的时态，也应为一般现在时。空前主语为“our eyes”，为复数，且和提示词之间为被动关系，故谓语动词应为复数，为被动语态。故填are caught。
23. requires 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：练习书法，需要有“四宝”的基本工具——毛笔、墨棒、纸、砚台，还要集中精力用带着流动墨水的软毛笔引导，在墨水会迅速扩散的纸上写字。分析可知，设空处为谓语，主语是不定式短语，谓语用第三人称单数，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填requires。
24. has risen 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，对飞行的恐惧在过去的几年里有所上升。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句谓语动词。根据时间状语in the past few years可判断本句谓语动词为现在完成时；主语为the fear，不可数名词，所以谓语动词用has。故填has risen。
25. have restored 考查动词时态。句意：根据最近的一份报告，考古学家已经修复了140多个兵马俑。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以restore作本句谓语，根据标志词recent可知，用现在完成时，主语是archaeologists，为复数。故填have restored。
26. are seen 考查动词时态和语态。句意：煎饼、葱花、桌上烧烤被视为顾客的必备单品，沉浸式烧烤模式满足了年轻顾客的口味和社交需求。主语后缺少谓语，Pancakes,scallions and table-top barbecues 和谓语see是被动关系，描述现在的事情用一般现在时，故填一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语用复数。故填are seen。
27. makes 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：目前，中国高铁系统占世界高铁系统的70%。此处缺少谓语动词，根据 Currently 及语境可知，应使用一般现在时。主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
28. be compared 考查动词被动语态。句意：因此，它可以与气功相比较，气功也可以塑造和改善一个人的脾气，促进健康。设空处为谓语动词，和主语之间是被动语态，接在情态动词后应用动词原形，故填be compared。
29. costs 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人与野生动物的冲突，指的是人类与野生动物之间产生负面后果的直接互动，每年给全球经济造成数十亿美元的损失。提示词是谓语动词，与主语Human-wildlife conflict之间是主动关系，描述当前情况，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填costs。
30. has introduced 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，中国采取了一系列措施来扩大老年人受教育的机会。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Ever since then可知，此处应使用现在完成时，与句子主语China之间为主动关系，且主语是第三人称单数。故填has introduced。
31. boarded 考查动词时态。句意：此前，4月8日，淄博文化和旅游局与10名来自淄博热门景点的代表一起登上了G9321周末专列，以促进淄博的旅游业和对乘客的优惠政策，这使得这座低调的工业城市意外成为后疫情时代中国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。主语后缺少谓语动词。根据previously可知，用一般过去时。故填boarded。
32. have been exported 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，中国的高铁产品和技术已经出口到六大洲的近100个国家和地区。分析此处缺少谓语动词，和主语构成被动语态，又根据To date（到目前为止）这个时间状语可知，该空应该用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为“China's high-speed rail products and technology”，助动词用have。故填have been exported。
33. is preparing 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：现在，Conor正在筹备一个名为AllotMents 2.0的夏季活动，以便将列出的小块土地的数量增加2000%以上。由“Now”可知事情发生在现在，表示活动正在准备，应用现在进行时；Conor与prepare是主动关系，应用主动语态，且主语Conor是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数；故填is preparing。
34. joined 考查动词时态。句意：事实上，习近平主席今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动，这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语“in March this year”可知此句为一般过去时，故填joined。
35. is referred 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：1986年，在古城遗址的樊山墓地发现了已知最大的这种物品，重达6.5公斤，被称为“琮王”。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据谓语动词weighs可知，此处应使用一般现在时态，主语为关系代词which，指代的先行词“the biggest known item of this kind”为第三人称单数，且refer to与主语which为被动关系。故填is referred。
36. have shown 考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，河流清洁可以收集85%的经过它的废物。根据so far可知，句子用现在完成时，主语是复数名词，助动词使用have，故填have shown。
37. carries 考查动词时态。句意：据长春市这项运动的推动者刘思维(音)介绍，每个小组成员在跑步时通常会携带一个垃圾袋和一个垃圾夹。usually表示一般情况，every group member第三人称，故动词用一般现在时，且为第三人称单数，carry的变形carries。故填carries。
38. was founded 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：AllotMe的成立是因为在流行病大流行期间人们对城市花园空间的兴趣增加，但供应非常有限。事情发生在过去，应该一般过去时；AllotMe与found之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语AllotMe是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数；故填was founded。
39. was founded 考查动词时态和语态。句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立时，森林仅占国土面积的8.6%。设空处是从句的谓语动词，从句的主语the People’s Republic of China与found是被动关系，根据时间状语in 1949可知此从句为一般过去时，故填was founded。
40. were saved 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：该基地位于成都北郊，距市中心仅10公里，于1987年第一次建立，当时有6只从野生自然中拯救出来的生病和饥饿的大熊猫。which指代的是先行词pandas，是被救，由1987可知，句子时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，pandas是复数，因此空格处是were saved，故填were saved。
41. has symbolized 考查动词时态。句意：自2008年第一条高铁开通以来，中国的高铁已经成为一个国家经济实力和日益繁荣的象征。根据上文可知应用现在完成时，主语为China’s high-speed railway，助动词用has。故填has symbolized。
42. was held 考查时态和语态。句意：2021年北京世界冬季体育博览会于2021年9月在中国国家会议中心和首钢工业园区举行，有来自20多个国家和地区的500多家品牌展商展示了他们在冬季运动中的丰富的资源。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合所给时间状语in Sep. 2021，可知应用一般过去时，且hold与主语The World Winter Sports (Beijing) Expo 2021之间的关系为被动，故填was held。
43. have been transported 考查动词时态和语态。句意：1000多年来，货物被沿着大运河运输。空格处在作谓语，根据时间状语For more than a thousand years可知，应用现在完成时，主语goods和transport是动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been transported。
44. has reduced 考查动词时态。句意：研究表明，自1978年以来，极地冰每10年减少9.8%。根据since 1978可知，应用现在完成时，主语是polar ice，为不可数名词，助动词使用has。故填has reduced。
45. are involved 考查动词时态和时态。句意：全村4500人中有一半人制作风筝，村里有80多家企业从事这一行业。be involved in意为“参与”符合句意；通过句子结构分析可知此为and连接的并列句，两个分句表达的时间是一致的，所以用一般现在时。故填are involved。
46. were identified 考查动词时态和语态。句意：据悉，这两个沿海城市因其强劲的经济活动，在上次会议上被确定为最合适的城市。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合语境可知过去发生的事情为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为cities，谓语用复数。故填were identified。
47. have been 考查动词时态。句意：冬博会上的大多数意大利品牌已经在中国好多年了，并且也是2022年冬奥会的合作伙伴。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合句意以及for many years可知，空格处应填现在完成时，且主语Most Italian brands为复数形式，故填have been。
48. has emerged 考查时态。句意：近年来，反向旅游已成为中国年轻度假者的一种新趋势。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应使用现在完成时态，谓语动词emerge与主语reverse tourism之间为主动关系，且主语是单数，谓语单数形式。故填has emerged。
49. were sent 考查动词时态和语态。句意：来自全国各地的4.2万多名医务人员被派往湖北抗击疫情。3月初以来，中国大陆疫情得到有效控制。本句的主语为More than 42,000 medical workers，与谓语为被动关系，且句子为一般过去时。故填were sent。
50. has 考查动词时态。句意：中国拥有最大的出境旅游市场。分析句意可知，阐述客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时形式，主语China 是单数，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数has。故填has。
51. was listed 考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：它在2008年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。句子表示“它被列为国家级非物质文化遗产”，应用被动语态，且由in 2008可知，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语It是单数，因此空格处是was listed。故填was listed。
52. became 考查动词时态。句意：中国对联起源于五代，在明清时期广泛传播。and连接两个并列的谓语结构。根据句中的时间状语in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，这里应用一般过去时。故填became。
53. avoided 考查时态。句意：在10月7日结束的为期一周的公共假期期间，大量的度假者，尤其是那些渴望逃离繁忙的城市生活的年轻专业人士，避开了热门的度假目的地，去享受一些宁静。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，句子主语为vacationers，根据上文中的“During the weeklong public holiday, which ended on Oct 7”可知，此处应为一般过去时态，且该处与主语之间为主动关系。故填avoided。
54. are rooted 考查动词时态和语态。句意同上。分析句子可知，“ that (root) in their history and culture”为定语从句，修饰先行词 dialects，且先行词与root是被动关系，所以本句为一般现在时的被动语态。故填are rooted。
55. had seen 考查时态。句意：更糟糕的是，他曾见过狼，有时狼会让他极度绝望。分析句意可知，根据句意，此处表示过去曾见过狼，强调过去已经完成的事情，谓语动词用过去完成时形式had seen。故填had seen。
es 考查倒装，动词时态和主谓一致。句意：接下来是编织、塑形和保存。本句为倒装句，其句意为“接下来就是作品的编织、成型及保存”，通篇时态是一般现在时，主语“weaving, shaping and preserving”是抽象动作，谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是第三人称单数comes。故填comes。
57. has been regarded 考查主谓一致、动词时态和语态。句意：自明代以来，能写对联就被视为文人有修养的标志。分析句子，本句的主语为动名词短语being able to write couplets，所以谓语应用单数形式，且主语和regard之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。根据句中的时间状语Since the Ming Dynasty，这里应用现在完成时。故填has been regarded。
58. have been cherished 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：石榴以其精致的美丽、风味和颜色吸引着人们。几个世纪以来也因其有益健康和抗衰老而受到珍视。主语pomegranates与cherish是动宾关系，故用被动语态。根据时间状语for centuries及句意可知，此处表示石榴从过去到现在一直被珍视，还将被人们珍视下去，时态应用现在完成时。结合时态，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态(have/has been done)。主语pomegranates是复数，助动词用have，故填have been cherished。
59. has been spread 考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，这个概念已经被传播到音乐、舞蹈和电视剧中。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语so far可知，此处时态用现在完成时，由句意可知，动词spread与主语the concept之间为被动关系，此处谓语动词用现在完成时的被动式have/has been done，主语the concept为单数，助动词用has，故填has been spread。
60. were sold 考查动词的被动语态和时态。句意：然后他们用它来给冷卖的外卖熟食和蔬菜调味。分析句子结构可知that引导的是定语从句，所以sell是从句的谓语动词，that代指的是主句中的meats and vegetables，所以that与sell之间是被动关系，be动词应该用复数形式，再根据前一句，说的是发生在Ming dynasty时的事，应用过去时。故填were sold。
61. (2023·江苏南京·南京师大附中校考一模) It ___________ (design) to respond in a natural, intuitive way and has numerous potential uses.
2. (2021·广东汕头·汕头市潮阳实验学校校考模拟预测) But interest in driving among today’s teenagers ___________ (drop) sharply over the past 35 years.
3. (2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测) In the race, a drummer ___________ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on beat, while a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane.
4. (2022·山东烟台·莱州市第一中学校联考三模) The performance The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting, a high-tech exploration of an ancient Chinese blue-and-green landscape painting, ___________ (broadcast) during CCTV’s 2022 Spring Festival Gala.
5. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考模拟预测) From dancers waving long green sticks like freshly sprouting grass to six ice hockey players slapping pucks (冰球) toward the Olympic rings, the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games ___________ (intend) to represent unity and a new beginning.
6. (2023·江苏南京·南京师大附中校考一模) First, ChatGTP ___________ (make) quite some progress in natural language processing, yet it still has a long way to go to completely understand the human mind and language faculty, because when it comes to professional writing, ChatGPT at times writes plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers.
7. (2023秋·广东河源·高三河源市河源中学校考开学考试) Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that ___________ (make) up of 17 syllables (音节). And of course there are Tang poems from China which you may enjoy in particular.
8. (2022秋·浙江宁波·高三镇海中学校考阶段练习) On Qixi, more and more young people ___________ (go) on dates and exchanging gifts to express their affection.
9. (2022·山东泰安·泰安一中统考模拟预测) Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities ___________ (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts.
10. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考模拟预测) Ensuring that the Winter Olympic Games were held on schedule ___________ (show) the great efforts China made.
11. (2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江第一中学校考模拟预测) Huguosi Street was one of Beijing’s busiest commercial roads in the olden days. It also ___________ (house) the residence of Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang (1894-1961).
12. (2022·广东河源·高三河源市河源中学校考专题练习) It is the second time that the Shenzhou-13 astronauts ___________ (deliver) the public lecture to students.
13. (2022秋·浙江·高三德清县高级中学校联考阶段练习) Their initial training ___________ (follow) by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness.
14. (2022·山东潍坊·昌乐二中校考模拟预测) Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen ___________ (select) to be the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries submitted from 35 countries.
15. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考三模) Within their walls ___________ (be) a rich collection of over 100,000 superb sculptures and paintings, along with a great quantity of Buddhist cultural relics.
16. (2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江第一中学校考模拟预测) The neighborhood ___________ (change) over the decades, but the theater still stands tall and is currently managed by the National Peking Opera Company.
17. (2022·广东河源·高三河源市河源中学校考专题练习) On Dec 9, 2021, the first lecture in the “Tiangong Class” ___________ (give) by the Shenzhou-13 astronauts to a total of 1,420 students from five classrooms across China via live video streaming, which is designed to encourage young people to develop their interest in manned space night and exploration.
18. (2022秋·浙江·高三德清县高级中学校联考阶段练习) The researchers concluded that “sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, ___________ (facilitate) obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior.”
19. (2020·山东潍坊·山东省青州第一中学校考二模) The buildings in the Old Town of Dali ___________ (create) at the end of the 14th century.
20. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考三模) For example, the east main hall of the Foguang Temple is the highest wooden building in China that ___________ (survive) since the Tang Dynasty.
21. (2023春·江苏镇江·高三江苏省镇江第一中学校考开学考试) It ___________ (build) during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
22. (2022秋·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考阶段练习) Positive changes ___________ (take) pared with a year ago, students now have more independent, diversified choice of extracurricular activities to explore, and can develop their interests and abilities, which opens up new horizons for them.
23. (2022·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测) Yet, despite global water usage already increasing threefold (三倍) over the last fifty years, it ___________ (predict) that there will be a further 60%-100% increase in water usage by 2050.
24. (2020·山东潍坊·山东省青州第一中学校考二模) The Bai people ___________ (form) their unique tea culture on offering tea to guests till now. It is known as the “Three-Course Tea”.
25. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考二模) To survive the frequent floods and other natural disasters, wood ___________ (prefer) for most architectural structures in ancient China.
26. (2023春·江苏镇江·高三江苏省镇江第一中学校考开学考试) In the 1970s, parts of the rammed earth wall (夯土墙) were dug out and used by farmers for their land, but since the early 1990s, the local government ___________ (start) to take measures to protect the wall.
27. (2023秋·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考期末) Born in Munich, Germany, Rechenberg was so attracted by this delicate, classic Chinese silk at first sight and touch that in 1999 she came to China in search of it. Finding this fabric ___________ (be), however, more difficult than she had expected.
28. (2022秋·浙江嘉兴·高三嘉兴一中校考期中) A comics exhibition ___________ (launch) in Sydney on Wednesday, offering glimpses of the city of Chengdu, capital of southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and the Chinese animation industry.
29. (2022·山东潍坊·潍坊一中统考模拟预测) This marks the first time that categorical rhythm ___________ (find) in a nonhuman mammal.
30. (2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳五中校考一模) Both the feast and praying for descendants (后代) by the river ___________ (add) in the Han Dynasty.
31. (2023春·江苏镇江·高三江苏省镇江中学校考开学考试) These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, ___________ (carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into how ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.
32. (2023秋·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考期末) The couple ___________ (find) some fragrant cloud organza weaved (织) in the 1960s and dyed in the 1980s at a time-honored store in the Qianmen neighborhood, where she later set up a clothing studio.
33. (2022秋·浙江嘉兴·高三嘉兴一中校考期中) The fascinating Comics 2022-Chengdu Excellent Cartoon and Animation Works Exhibition, co-hosted by the China Cultural Center in Sydney and Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Culture, Broadcast-TV and Tourism, ___________ (present) more than 80 original artworks from Chengdu.
34. (2022春·湖北·高三湖北省武汉市汉铁高级中学校联考阶段练习) The mascot design for Bing Dwen Dwen ___________ (choose) from over 5,800 submissions from China and 35 countries around the world after a global competition arranged by the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee kicked off.
35. (2022秋·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中) She came from a humble background and ___________ (force) to choose the cheapest school available in the region.
36. (2023秋·江苏盐城·高三盐城中学校考期末) If you stop a random person on the street in China, there’s a pretty good chance their surname ___________ (be) either Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu or Chen.
37. (2021秋·广东广州·高三广州六中校考专题练习) So far, no one ___________ (prove) that an animal or a species has a language, partly because there is no universal idea of what can be considered as a language.
38. (2022秋·浙江·高三杭州四中校联考阶段练习) In recent months, the China Grand Canal Museum in Yangzhou, which exhibits the history and culture of the Grand Canal, ___________ (attract) a great number of visitors.
39. (2021秋·湖北·高三应城市第一高级中学校联考阶段练习) The 27-year-old man had spent days anxiously watching long lines of cars leaving for safer locations as Hurricane Ida ___________ (approach).
40. (2021秋·湖北·高三荆州中学校联考阶段练习) High-quality 5G networks ___________ (drive) rapid growth of mobile data traffic so far, according to Ding Yun, Huawei’s executive director and president of its carrier business group.
41. (2023秋·江苏盐城·高三盐城中学校考期末) The main problem is that not all Chinese characters ___________ (code) into computer systems.
42. (2023·广东广州·广州六中校考三模) After nearly a decade of preparation, construction of the new branch ___________ (begin) last December.
43. (2022秋·浙江·高三杭州四中校联考阶段练习) My passion ___________ (arouse) by those passengers, so I took my children to the museum too. I never knew why it had such great charm until I got there.
44. (2021秋·湖北·高三应城市第一高级中学校联考阶段练习) Out of desperation, Owens went to the bank on Saturday and applied for a payday loan. But he ___________ (tell) he didn’t have enough credit history.
45. (2021·湖北荆州·荆州中学校考二模) The 326-meter-tall glass Bailong Elevator ___________ (build) onto the side of a cliff at the start of this century and offers impressive views of the park.
46. (2023春·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考开学考试) The medals are inspired by yu bi, a Chinese jade artifact dating back 5,000 years. A total of five of this kind of jade ___________ (unearth) from a tomb up to now.
47. (2023·广东广州·广州六中校考三模) At present, over 1. 86 million cultural relics ___________ (house) in the museum.
48. (2022秋·浙江·高三杭州市长河高级中学校联考开学考试) On Sunday, the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China announced that the C919 aircraft ___________ (complete) all six test flights.
49. (2021·湖北荆州·荆州中学校考二模) This park, together with Suoxiyu Valley, Tianzi Mountain and Yangjiajie Scenic Area ___________ (make) up Wulingyuan Scenic Spot.
50. (2022春·浙江舟山·高三浙江省普陀中学校考阶段练习) Besides high-speed rail, China ___________ (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.
51. (2023秋·江苏淮安·高三江苏省淮安中学校考期末) What you spend rather than what you earn ___________ (help) to determine how content you are with life, a new study says.
52. (2021秋·浙江杭州·高三杭州高级中学校考阶段练习) The idea ___________ (surprise) many people. But Zhang Yue insisted on her own thoughts, as she wanted to experience the freedom of being her own boss and also give something back to her hometown.
53. (2022秋·浙江·高三杭州市长河高级中学校联考开学考试) However, there is room for constant improvement, as some parts of the C919 ___________ (import) from the West.
54. (2022·浙江·浙江省长兴中学校联考模拟预测) The success of the Chinese women’s national football team ___________ (be) a boost to China’s national pride.
55. (2022春·浙江·高三浙江省杭州第二中学校联考阶段练习) “That’s why cats were mummified (制成木乃伊), and a whole economy around raising and mummifying cats ___________ (create) in ancient Egypt,” explains professor Monique Skidmore.
56. (2023秋·江苏南京·高三南京市第三高级中学校考期末) The good news ___________ (be) that there is evidence that the population appears to be growing.
57. (2022·浙江·浙江省长兴中学校联考模拟预测) “It ___________ (accept) among Chinese soccer fans that soccer has always been a weak spot in China, but this is a great success, which has brought China back to the top of Asia in the field! commented the People’s Daily online.
58. (2022秋·浙江·高三浙江省淳安中学校联考开学考试) While many people have made videos to cheer on those working on the front lines of the fight since the latest COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai, Chien Meishuang ___________ (spend) her time in lockdown at home, painting simple heartwarming works.
59. (2022·浙江·浙江省淳安中学校联考三模) Undoubtedly, the book is my favorite one among the books that I ___________ (read) so far.
60. (2022·浙江·浙江省宁波市鄞州中学校联考模拟预测) Flight recorders are also known as black box. However, they ___________ (paint) bright orange in color actually to aid in their recovery after accidents.
II. 语篇填空（原创）
Japan says it will start releasing radioactive water from the destroyed Fukushima nuclear center into the sea beginning in two years. The polluted water is 1 (treat) before it is released into the Pacific Ocean. The government announced the plan Tuesday and said it had been approved by cabinet ministers. The decision had long been expected, but faced delays linked to safety concerns and public 2 (opposite).
Japan has said three reactors (反应堆) there suffered meltdowns after the 2011 earthquake and huge ocean wave destroyed the plant’s 3 (cool) systems. The disaster forced 160,000 people to flee 4 (pollute) areas around the plant. Tokyo Electric Power Company, or TEPCO, operates the nuclear center. It is carrying out the cleanup. Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said the government 5 (decide) the ocean release was the most realistic way 6 (solve) the water storage problem. Other methods considered included injecting the water into the ground or converting it to steam or hydrogen 7 then releasing it into the atmosphere.
The government describes the water to be released 8 “treated” and not ”radioactive”. But experts say that 100 percent of radioactive materials cannot be removed. Government officials say tritium (氚) is the only substance 9 cannot be removed from the water. They say tritium is not considered 10 (harm) in small amounts.
参考答案与解析
I.单句语法填空：
1. is designed 考查动词时态和语态。句意：它被设计成以一种自然、直观的方式做出反应，并具有许多潜在的用途。陈述可知事实，用一般现在时。主语It为单数，与design之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is designed。
2. has dropped 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：但在过去的35年里，如今的青少年对驾驶的兴趣急剧下降。根据“over the past 35 years”可知句子用现在完成时，主语interest是不可数名词，助动词用has，故填has dropped。
3. uses 考查动词时态。句意：在比赛中，鼓手使用一个传统的大木鼓来保持桨手的节奏，而后面的舵手则让他们保持在自己的航道上。分析句子可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，use意为“使用”，drummer为可数名词单数，故应用use的单数第三人称形式uses。故填uses。
4. was broadcast/was broadcasted 考查动词时态和语态。句意：《传奇山水画之旅》这一高科技探索中国古代青绿山水画的节目在2022年央视春晚期间播出。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语 during CCTV’s 2022 Spring Festival Gala(在2022年央视春晚期间)可知，时态用一般过去时，由句意可知，动词broadcast与主语The performance之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动式was/were done，主语The performance为单数，be动词用was，broadcast的过去分词为broadcast和broadcasted。故填was broadcast或was broadcasted。
5. was intended 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从舞蹈演员挥舞着绿色的长棍，就像刚发芽的小草，到六名冰球运动员向奥运五环击掌，北京2022年冬季奥运会的开幕式象征着团结和新的开始。固定短语be intended to意图，是用来……，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语是the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填was intended。
6. has made 考查动词时态。句意：首先，ChatGTP在自然语言处理方面已经取得了相当大的进展，但要完全理解人类的思维和语言能力还有很长的路要走，因为当涉及到专业写作时，ChatGTP有时会写出听起来似是而非的错误或荒谬的答案。结合句意可知，用现在完成时。主语ChatGTP为单数，谓语动词用has。故填has made。
7. is made 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，从句作主语，指代 a Japanese form of poetry，make是从句谓语动词，此处为客观陈述且a Japanese form of poetry与make之间为被动语态，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，且 a Japanese form of poetry是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填is made。
8. are going 考查动词时态。句意：在七夕，越来越多的年轻人通过约会和交换礼物来表达他们的感情。根据“and exchanging”可知，本句的时态为现在进行时；主语young people为复数，所以此处用are going，故填are going。
9. have organized/have been organizing 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都为退休人员组织一次秋季旅行。由“Since then”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时来表示这个事情将会继续下去，主语“all government units, organizations and streets communities”是复数，因此空格处是have organized/have been organizing，故填have organized/have been organizing。
10. showed 考查时态。句意：确保冬奥会如期举行，体现了中国所做的巨大努力。事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填showed。
11. housed 考查动词的时态。句意：它也是京剧大师梅兰芳(1894-1961)的住所。分析句式结构可知，空格处是谓语动词，根据上文中的was可知，本句的时态为一般过去时。故填housed。
12. have delivered 考查动词时态。句意：这是神舟十三号宇航员第二次给学生们做公开演讲。It is the second time that从句中用现在完成时态，主语the Shenzhou-13 astronauts复数，谓语复数形式。故填have delivered。
13. was followed 考查动词时态和语态。句意：他们最初的训练之后是8小时的夜间睡眠或清醒或白天清醒。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语training与follow之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was followed。
14. was selected 考查时态语态。句意：事实上，“冰墩墩”从35个国家提交的5800多份参赛作品中被选为2019年北京2022年冬奥会的吉祥物。主语与谓语构成被动关系，描述过去发生的动作故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Bing Dwen Dwen，谓语用单数。故填was selected。
15. is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在他们的墙内藏有超过10万件精美雕塑和绘画，以及大量佛教文物。这是一个倒装句，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是collection，单数形式，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数is。故填is。
16. has changed 考查动词的时态。句意：几十年来，这个社区已经发生了变化，但剧院仍然屹立不倒，目前由国家京剧团管理。根据本句的时间状语over the decades可知，本句的时态应该用现在完成时，主语The neighborhood是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has changed。
17. was given 考查动词时态和语态。句意：2021年12月9日，神舟13号航天员“天宫班”首次通过直播视频向来自全国5个教室的1420名学生进行讲座，旨在鼓励年轻人培养对载人航天之夜和探索的兴趣。时间状语是 On Dec 9, 2021，用一般过去时，“讲座”和“给(give)”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the first lecture单数，谓语单数形式。故填was given。
18. facilitates 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员得出结论：“通过重组新的记忆表征，睡眠有助于获得有表现力的知识和有洞察力的行为。”此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语sleep为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填facilitates。
19. were created 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：大理古城的建筑建于14世纪末。此处缺乏谓语，结合时间状语at the end of the 14th century，主语The buildings和谓语动词create是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The buildings复数，谓语复数形式。故填were created。
20. has survived 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，佛光寺东大殿是中国自唐代以来保存下来的最高的木质建筑。根据后面的时间状语since the Tang Dynasty可知，that引导的定语从句应该用现在完成时。that指代building，为单数形式。故填has survived。
21. was built 考查动词时态和语态。句意：它建于春秋战国时期。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语。句子表述过去事实故使用一般过去时。同时it与build之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时被动语态。故填was built。
22. have taken 考查动词时态。句意：积极的变化发生了。分析句式可知，此处用现在完成时表示变化已经发生，且take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。故填have taken。
23. is predicted 考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，尽管全球用水量在过去五十年中已经增长了三倍，但据预测，到2050年，全球用水量将进一步增长60%-100%。分析句子成分可知，it作形式主语，代后面的从句。从句中提到的内容和predict“预测”是动宾关系，即被动；根据全文可知，时态为一般现在时。故填is predicted。
24. have formed 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：至今日，白族人在饮茶上形成了自己独特的茶文化。此处缺乏谓语，结合时间状语till now，时态用现在完成时，主语The Bai people (白族人民)复数，谓语复数形式。故填have formed。
25. was preferred 考查动词时态语态。句意：为了在频繁的洪水和其他自然灾害中幸存下来，中国古代的大多数建筑结构首选木材。根据后文in ancient China可知应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为wood，谓语动词用单数。故填was preferred。
26. has started 考查动词时态。句意：20世纪70年代，部分夯土墙被挖出来供农民耕种，但从90年代初开始，当地政府开始采取措施保护这堵墙。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示动作发生在过去持续到现在，故使用现在完成时。故填has started。
27. was 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，找到这种布料比她预料的要困难得多。根据上文时态及本句比较状语从句中的过去完成时可知，此处应用一般过去时态；此处是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
28. was launched 考查动词时态和语态。句意：周三，一场漫画展在悉尼开幕，让人们得以一睹中国西南部四川省省会成都市和中国动漫产业的风采。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文on Wednesday可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was launched。
29. has been found 考查时态和语态。句意：这标志着分类节律首次在非人类哺乳动物中被发现。the first time后面的从句，使用完成时，由marks可知，应用现在完成时，find与categorical rhythm是逻辑动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，从句主语categorical rhythm单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填has been found。
30. were added 考查时态和语态。句意：在汉代，又增加了在河边举行盛宴和为后代祈福的活动。根据“in the Han Dynasty”可知，要用一般过去时；由于Both the feast and praying是主语，并且和谓语add是被动关系，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were added。
31. were carved 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些有三千年历史的符号，甲骨文，刻在甲壳或动物的骨头上，可以让我们了解古人如何看待周围的世界，以及他们伟大的创造力。根据句意以及上文的“These 3000-year-old symbols”可知，这些文字是在3000年前雕刻，属于过去发生的事实要用一般过去时。主语These 3000-year-old symbols是复数，且与动词carve是被动关系。故填were carved。
32. found 考查动词时态。句意：这对夫妇在前门附近的一家老店里找到了一些用上世纪60年代编织、上世纪80年代染色的香云欧根纱，她后来在那里开了一家服装工作室。根据时间状语in the 1960s可知，此处为动词的一般过去时。故填found。
33. presented 考查动词时态。句意：由悉尼中国文化中心和成都市文化广播电视旅游局联合主办的“漫画2022-成都优秀动漫作品展”展出了来自成都的80多件原创作品。作谓语，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填presented。
34. was chosen 考查时态和语态。句意：在北京2022年奥组委组织的全球竞赛拉开帷幕后，冰墩墩的吉祥物设计是从来自中国和全球35个国家的5800多份参赛作品中选出的。分析句子成分可知，此处为谓语动词。主语The mascot design和动词choose之间形成动宾关系，且为过去发生的事实，故一般过去时的被动。故填was chosen。
35. was forced 考查时态和语态。句意：她出身卑微，被迫选择该地区最便宜的学校。分析句子可知，and连接两个并列成分，空处为句子的谓语，由前面的came可知，应用一般过去时，主语She与force之间是被动关系，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was forced。
36. would be/will be 考查动词时态。句意：如果你在中国的大街上随便拦下一个人，很有可能他姓王、姓李、姓张、姓刘或姓陈。结合“there’s a pretty good chance (很有可能)”可知，此处可用would be，表示推测；if引导的条件状语从句用的是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故此处也可填will be。故填would/will be。
37. has proved/proven 考查动词时态。句中时间状语So far与现在完成时连用，与主语no one一致用单数，故填has proved/proven。
38. has attracted 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近几个月来，位于扬州的中国大运河博物馆，展示了大运河的历史和文化，吸引了大量的游客。分析句子可知，attract作谓语，主语是“the China Grand Canal Museum”，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，由时间状语in recent months可知，用现在完成时，故填has attracted。
39. approached/was approaching 考查动词时态。根据第一段的时间状语on Sunday及空前的时态had spent可知，该句叙述强调的是过去发生的事，故用所给动词的过去式；用过去进行时强调过去进行也可以，主语是Hurricane Ida，所以be动词用单数形式was。故填approached /was approaching。
40. have driven 考查时态。句意：华为运营商业务集团执行董事兼总裁丁云表示，迄今为止，高质量的5G网络驱动了移动数据流量的快速增长。根据句中的时间状语so far可知，设空处应用现在完成时，主语是high-quality 5G networks，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have driven。
41. have been coded 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：主要的问题是，并不是所有的汉字都被编码进了计算机系统。结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，且主语characters和动词code之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，助动词用have，故填have been coded。
42. began 考查动词时态。句意：经过近十年的准备，新分馆于去年12月开始建设。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状last December可知，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填began。
43. was aroused 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：那些乘客激起了我的热情，所以我也带着我的孩子们去了博物馆。分析句子可知，arouse是谓语动词，与主语my passion是被动关系，根