12. 语法填空突破策略
(时态、语态、主谓一致)
【题型概览】
语法填空试题中，若句中无谓语动词, 或者虽然已有谓语动词, 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时, 所给动词就是谓语动词;此时, 应先考虑时态, 考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态, 然后考虑语态, 最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题, 来确定谓语动词的数。
【突破策略】
突破策略1 “四角度”定时态
角度1:时间状语标志词
一般现在时 every time、now and then、often、sometimes、usually、occasionally、always、 seldom等
一般过去时 yesterday、last year、in 2020、the other day、two days ago、一段时间+later 等
一般将来时 tomorrow、next year、in a week、in the future、soon、tonight等
现在进行时 all the time、at this moment、at present、continually、constantly等
现在完成时 since、recently、lately、already、in the last/past few days、so far、up to now、till now、for+时间段、it is the first time. . . 等
过去完成时 by then、by the end of. . . 、by that time、it was the first time. . . 等
【真题示例】(2022·全国甲卷)
In the last five years, Cao________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且句中有标志性的时间状语时, 应根据时间状语考虑相应的时态。In the last five years为现在完成时的标志词, 主语Cao为第三人称单数, 故填has walked。
角度2:固定句式
(1)was/were doing. . . when+一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do. . . when+一般过去时
(3)had (just) done. . . when+一般过去时
(4)Hardly +had +主语+done. . . when+一般过去时.
(5)No sooner +had+主语+done. . . than+一般过去时.
(6)This/That/It is the +序数词+time +that+现在完成时.
(7)This/That/It was the +序数词+time +that+过去完成时.
(8)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时.
【真题示例】(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Henry_______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且该句是固定句式“was/were doing. . . when(正在做某事, 这时……)”, 主语Henry为第三人称单数, 故填was fixing。
角度3:并列关系
(1)可根据并列连词and、but、or、rather than、neither. . . nor. . . 、not only. . . but also. . . 等判断;
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语, 谓语动词时态要一致。
【真题示例】(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
He quickly________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, and连接并列谓语, 根据另一个谓语started可知此处应该使用一般过去时。throw过去式为threw。故填threw。
角度4:语境暗示
在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下, 可以通过正确理解语境, 即通过题干中的“语境暗示”解题。
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
As a little girl, I________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且没有标志性的时间状语时, 则考虑根据语境确定相应的时态。本句缺少谓语动词, 所以wish作本句谓语, 和主语I之间是主动关系, 根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时, 故填wished。
突破策略2 “两牢记” 定语态
牢记1: 常考时态的被动语态构成
常考时态 被动语态构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done
现在完成时 have/has been done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
一般过去时 was/were done
过去完成时 had been done
过去进行时 was/were being done
一般将来时 will be done
过去将来时 would be done
情态动词 情态动词+ be done
【真题示例】(2023 全国甲卷)
Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系, 所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
牢记2: 主动表被动含义的情况
提示词作谓语, 且表示的是主语所具有的特征时, 应考虑用主动形式表示被动含义。
切记: 不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态。如:breathe、happen、exist、remain、rise、taste、survive、belong to、break out、break down、come up、come true、take place、date from/back to、consist of等。
【真题示例】
The pink dress she wants to buy for her daughter as her birthday present online________(wash) easily.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且表示的是主语所具有的特征时, 应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。故填washes。
突破策略3 “三原则”定主谓一致
原则1: 就远一致
主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语一致。
【真题示例】(2019 江苏高考改编)
The musician along with his band members________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 看到主语后跟有along with引导的短语, 要考虑就远原则确定谓语动词的单复数。故填has given。
原则2: 就近一致
(1)由neither. . . nor. . . 、either. . . or. . . 、not only. . . but also. . . 、not. . . but. . . 等连接并列主语时, 谓语要和位置上最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由there、here引导的句子的主语不止一个时, 谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
【真题示例】
Not only the students but also the teacher________(enjoy) listening to the music.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 看到主语由not only. . . but also. . . 连接时, 要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。故填enjoys。
原则3: 语法一致
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念, 兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时, 谓语动词用单数。
(2)非谓语动词、从句作主语时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。
(3)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数; 可数名词复数作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
(4)集体名词看作整体时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 看作个体时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
【真题示例】(2020 新高考Ⅰ卷)
Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ________(be)on display.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 要考虑语法一致原则确定其单复数。故填is。
【题型精练】
1
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, even for the most accomplished chefs, cooking 1 (involve) improvising with the ingredients (原料) on hand: feel and taste. For the Chinese, the idea of exact time and amounts in cooking is an alien concept. In fact, times and measuring cups won’t be found in a traditional Chinese kitchen. Nor will a Chinese cook asked 2 he or she makes a particular dish respond with clear 3 (quantity) of ingredients and an exact cooking time, for such concrete instructions are almost not 4 (exist) in the world of Chinese cuisine.
5 (make) Chinese food can be very time consuming. One reason is 6 the preparation before the actual cooking takes time, as ingredients for the same dish are 7 (typical) cut into uniform shapes, and preferably into bite-sized pieces. Chinese cooking employs different methods according to the nature of the ingredients, the length of cooking time, and the degree of heat. The major 8 (emphasize) , though, is on enhancing the natural flavor of ingredients, as well as retaining nutrients.
Almost every Chinese kitchen has 9 bamboo steamer. In this method, foods are put in the steamer above boiling water. This technique preserves the colors, ‘flavors, and nutrients of the food. A good cook knows which techniques to use 10 (combine) the natural flavors of the ingredients for the best taste and nutrition.
【答案】
1. involves 2. how 3. quantities 4. existent 5. Making 6. that 7. typically 8. emphasis 9. a 10. to combine
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国人做饭的方法及与西方人之间的区别。
1. 考查谓语动词。句意：在中国，即使对最有成就的厨师来说，烹饪也需要用手头的食材即兴发挥：感觉和味道。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为cooking，谓语动词应用单数的形式，故填involves。
2. 考查宾语从句。句意：中国厨师也不会问他或她如何做一道菜时，给出明确的食材数量和确切的烹饪时间，因为在中国烹饪界，几乎不存在这样具体的指示。设空处引导宾语从句且在句中作方式状语，应用how，意为“如何”。故填how。
3. 考查名词复数。句意见上题解析。设空处应用名词的形式作介词with的宾语，前无限定词，应用复数的形式，quantities of许多的，大量的。故填quantities。
4. 考查形容词。句意见第2小题解析。根据空前are可知，此处使用形容词existent作表语。故填existent。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：做中餐很费时间。设空处为非谓语动词在句中作主语，doing主要用来表示经常性、习惯性、抽象性发生的行为，设空处应用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Making。
6. 考查表语从句。句意：原因之一是，烹饪前的准备工作需要时间，因为同一道菜的食材通常被切成均匀的形状，最好是切成一口大小的块。设空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
7. 考查副词。句意见上题解析。设空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词typically“通常”，作状语。故填typically。
8. 考查名词。句意：然而，主要的重点是增强原料的天然风味，以及保留营养。设空处是做句子的主语，使用emphasize的名词emphasis，谓语is是单数，主语使用单数形式。故填emphasis。
9. 考查冠词。句意：几乎每个中国厨房都有蒸笼。设空处后为名词单数，表泛指“一个蒸笼”，应用不定冠词，空后bamboo为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个好的厨师知道使用哪些技术来将食材的自然风味结合起来，以达到最好的口感和营养。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”。故填to combine。
2
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Old Tea Forests in Pu’er,Yunnan Province, gained the World Heritage Site status at the ongoing 45th session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO, 11 (become)China’s first World Heritage Site related to tea.
The newly named heritage site 12 (consist) of five well-preserved old tea forests, 13 stand 1,250 to 1,500 meters above the sea level; three protective barrier forests; and nine ancient villages.
The cultural landscape was 14 (joint) created by the ancestors of the Blang people and the native Dai people.
The local people created ideal light conditions for tea trees, thereby producing quality organic tea leaves 15 the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
The cultural landscape represents the ecological ethics and 16 (wise)that can inspire sustainable development in the world today, said Chen Yaohua, director of Peking University’s World Heritage Research Center, who 17 (lead) studies on the site for the past 12 years. Li Qun, another director of the National Cultural Heritage Administration, commented that China would 18 (strength)efforts to better protect the heritage site so that climate change would 19 (solve) to ensure that the lasting, outstanding and universal values of the old tea forests were passed from generation to generation. “It 20 (be) international exchanges and cooperation that help themselves to take more responsibilities in protecting the site,” Li also said.
【答案】
11. becoming 12. consists 13. which 14. jointly 15. without 16. wisdom 17. has led/has been leading 18. strengthen 19. be solved 20. is
【解析】这是一篇说明文。云南普洱市老茶林在联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会第四十五届会议上获得世界遗产地位，成为中国首个与茶有关的世界遗产。
11. 考查非谓语。句意：云南普洱市老茶林在联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会第四十五届会议上获得世界遗产地位，成为中国首个与茶有关的世界遗产。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，The Old Tea Forests in Pu’er与become为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填becoming。
12. 考查时态。句意：新命名的遗产地由五个保存完好的老茶林组成，海拔1250至1500米；三个防护屏障林；以及九个古村落。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，主语The newly named heritage site为第三人称单数，和consist为主动关系，且这里时态应用一般现在时，表示客观事实。故填consists。
13. 考查定语从句。句意：新命名的遗产地由五个保存完好的老茶林组成，海拔1250至1500米；三个防护屏障林；以及九个古村落。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词five well-preserved old tea forests，为物，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
14. 考查副词。句意：文化景观是布朗人的祖先和土生土长的傣族共同创造的。分析句子可知，这里应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词。故填jointly。
15. 考查介词。句意：当地人为茶树创造了理想的光照条件，从而在不使用杀虫剂和化肥的情况下生产出优质的有机茶叶。分析句子可知，此空应填介词和后面构成介词短语，without表“没有”，为介词，符合句意。故填without。
16. 考查名词。句意：北京大学世界遗产研究中心主任陈耀华说，文化景观代表了生态伦理和智慧，可以激励当今世界的可持续发展。他在过去12年里一直领导着对该遗址的研究。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，wisdom表“智慧”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填wisdom。
17. 考查时态。句意：北京大学世界遗产研究中心主任陈耀华说，文化景观代表了生态伦理和智慧，可以激励当今世界的可持续发展。他在过去12年里一直领导着对该遗址的研究。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，who指代 Chen Yaohua，为第三人称单数，与lead为主动关系，再由for the past 12 years可知，这里时态应用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。故填has led或者has been leading。
18. 考查动词。句意：另一位国家文化遗产局局长李群表示，中国将加大力度，更好地保护遗产地，以解决气候变化问题，确保老茶林的持久、卓越和普遍价值代代相传。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，和前面would构成过去将来时。故填strengthen。
19. 考查时态语态。句意：另一位国家文化遗产局局长李群表示，中国将加大力度，更好地保护遗产地，以解决气候变化问题，确保老茶林的持久、卓越和普遍价值代代相传。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，climate change与solve为被动关系，所以此空应填be solved，与前面would构成被动语态过去将来时。故填be solved。
20. 考查时态。句意：李还说：“国际交流与合作有助于他们在保护遗址方面承担更多的责任。”分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，且这里时态应与从句中help保持一致，用一般现在时。故填is。
3
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Flames in kilns (窑) around China have been burning since the Xia and Shang dynasties. Along the way, porcelain (瓷器) was born.
Porcelain is made by heating raw materials, often 21 mix between China stone and kaolin clay, in a kiln at a temperature as high as 1,200 degree Celsius. Temperature is key 22 making porcelain. Going through the fire of reinvention gives porcelain 23 (great) strength, more translucence (半透明) and a feast of colors.
Celadon produced in Longquan, Zhejiang province, a technique 24 (pass) down for more than 1,600 years, is a typical example of craftsmen’s pursuit of the perfect green glint (闪光). 25 takes 72 steps to produce Longquan celadon’s jade-like green. Plum green and light green are two colors of the best quality.
Porcelain has also been a carrier for cultural exchanges. Along with China’s silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first items 26 (receive) worldwide trade. As it travelled around the globe through the ancient Maritime Silk Road, porcelain 27 (enjoy) great popularity among royal families and upper classes in Europe, 28 were fascinated by these beautiful vessels they named after China.
Porcelain has evolved into art works. Even when broken into 29 (piece) and buried deep in mud, cultural values attached to porcelain remain. As a memory that can be felt with both hands, porcelain is 30 (touch) history.
【答案】
21. a 22. to 23. greater 24. passed 25. It 26. to receive 27. enjoyed 28. who 29. pieces 30. touchable
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕瓷器展开，介绍了瓷器的制作材料、制作过程、颜色特点、文化意义和历史价值。
21. 考查冠词。句意：瓷器是通过在窑炉中加热原料制成的，原料通常是中国石和高岭土的混合物，温度高达1200摄氏度。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰。故填a。
22. 考查介词。句意：温度是制作瓷器的关键。名词“key”之后用介词to，构成短语：the key to，意为“……的关键”，符合句意。故填to。
23. 考查比较级。句意：经过重新发明的烈火使瓷器更加坚固，更加半透明和色彩的盛宴。根据下文的“more translucence”可推测，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填greater。
24. 考查非谓语动词。句意：浙江省龙泉出产的青瓷，其制作技艺传承了1600多年，是工匠们追求完美绿色光泽的典型范例。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a technique”和动词“pass down”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填passed。
25. 考查代词。句意：龙泉青瓷的翡翠般的绿色需要72道工序才能生产出来。担当句子的形式主语，用代词it，构成句型：it takes…to do…，意为“做某事需要……”，符合句意；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填It。
26. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与中国的丝绸和茶叶一样，瓷器是首批接受世界贸易的物品之一。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“items”前有序数词修饰，其后用动词不定式形式担当后置定语。故填to receive。
27. 考查时态。句意：瓷器通过古代海上丝绸之路传遍全球，在欧洲皇室和上层阶级中广受欢迎，他们为这些美丽的器皿着迷，并以中国的名字命名。考查本句谓语动词，根据从句时态可知，主句时态为一般过去时。故填enjoyed。
28. 考查定语从句。句意：瓷器通过古代海上丝绸之路传遍全球，在欧洲皇室和上层阶级中广受欢迎，他们为这些美丽的器皿着迷，并以中国的名字命名。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“royal families and upper classes in Europe”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
29. 考查名词的数。句意：即使碎成碎片，深埋在泥里，瓷器的文化价值仍然存在。分析句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式，构成短语：break into pieces，意为“成为碎片”，符合句意。故填pieces。
30. 考查形容词。句意：作为一种可以用双手触摸的记忆，瓷器是可以触摸的历史。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的history。故填touchable。
4
The long-awaited TV series Blossoms Shanghai has been released in two versions — Mandarin (普通话) and the Shanghai dialect — on Dec 27, quickly soaring as one of the 31 (popular) dramas during the New Year’s period.
32 (adapt) from writer Jin Yucheng’s award-winning novel, Fan Hua, the series takes audience back to Shanghai in 33 early 1990s, following the rise of A Bao, an ambitious young man 34 seizes the opportunities of the early stock (股票) market and 35 (transform) into a self-made millionaire, expanding his business to foreign trade.
Amid his journey to success, the protagonist (主角) has received help from multiple 36 (friend), including a seasoned former businessman, a capable employee from a foreign trade company, 37 a restaurant operator. However, his relationship with them undergoes a really big test due to a mysterious woman, and his own business also faces a crisis due to a powerful opponent from Shenzhen.
38 (current), this drama has sparked heated discussions online, with some netizens 39 (praise) it as the “most artistic TV show of the year”. However, it has also received negative reviews. Some viewers said the television version’s story is too fragmented (零散) and not as “down to earth” as the 40 (origin) novel.
【答案】
31. most popular 32. Adapted 33. the 34. who/that 35. transforms 36. friends 37. and 38. Currently 39. praising 40. original
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了新年期间最受欢迎的电视剧之一《繁花》。
31. 考查形容词的最高级。句意：人们期待已久的电视剧《繁花》于12月27日发行了两个版本——普通话和上海方言，并迅速成为在新年期间受欢迎的电视剧之一。结合句意及“during the New Year’s period”可知，此处指“新年期间受欢迎的电视剧之一”，应用形容词最高级，故填most popular。
32. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该剧改编自作家金宇澄的获奖小说《繁花》，它把观众带回到了20世纪90年代初的上海，讲述了雄心勃勃的年轻人阿宝抓住早期股市的机会，白手起家成为百万富翁，并将自己的业务扩展到对外贸易。主语Fan Hua与动词adapt(改编)之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写。故填Adapted。
33. 考查冠词。句意同上。in the 1990s表示“在20世纪90年代”。故填the。
34. 考查定语从句。句意同上。“following the rise of A Bao(随着阿宝的崛起)”在句子充当伴随状语，an ambitious young man是A Bao的同位语，后面定语从句说明A Bao是一个什么样的人，先行词是人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
35. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。空处与seizes并列作为定语从句的谓语，因此用第三人称单数，故填transforms。
36. 考查名词的复数。句意：在他的成功之旅中，主人公得到了许多朋友的帮助，包括一个经验丰富的前商人，一个有能力的外贸公司员工和一个餐馆经营者。friend是可数名词，multiple“多个的，多人共有的”，因此用名词复数friends。故填friends。
37. 考查连词。句意同上。此处是三个名词的并列，作including的宾语，因此用and。故填and。
38. 考查副词。句意：目前，这部剧在网上引发了激烈的讨论，一些网民称赞它是“年度最具艺术色彩的电视节目”。此处修饰句子，因此用副词currently“目前，当前”作状语，注意，置于句首的单词，第一个字母要大写。故填Currently。
39. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处是“with+ 宾语+宾补”复合结构，动词praise与宾语netizens之间是主动关系，因此要用现在分词作宾补，故填praising。
40. 考查形容词。句意：然而，它也有收到负面评论。一些观众说，电视版本的故事过于碎片化，不像原著小说那样“真实”。此处修饰名词novel，因此应用形容词original“原著的；最初的”作定语。故填original。
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The audience and viewership for this year’s Spring Festival TV gala, which was aired on Feb 9, Lunar New Year’s Eve or Chinese Lunar New Year, both reached record 41 (high), according to ratings statistics.
42 (support) by ultra-high-definition production, the gala was telecast on TV screens, public large screens, and mobile devices. A total of 250 million people watched the live streaming of the show via 43 (they) mobile phones with the total views reaching 420 million, up by 37.97 percent and 57.58 percent, 44 (respective), compared with 2023. The China Global Television Network (CGTN) worked with over 2,100 media organizations in about 200 countries and regions to live broadcast or report the show in 68 languages, 45 (result) in over 1.5 billion instances of viewing, 46 increase of 12.69 percent year on year.
This year, the gala, in addition 47 Beijing, had four branch venues. Audience enjoyed a diversity of local cultural elements from those places, such as folk 48 (music) instruments and folk dances.
Since its broadcast in 1983, the annual CCTV Spring Festival Gala 49 (become) an essential part of celebrations in the country to greet the Chinese New Year. As a major entertainment during Lunar New Year’s Eve, the gala marks the joyous moment 50 families gather together to celebrate.
【答案】
41. highs 42. Supported 43. their 44. respectively 45. resulting 46. an 47. to 48. musical 49. has become 50. when
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年的春节联欢晚会，在2月9日晚上播出，收视率达到了新高。
41. 考查名词。句意据收视率统计数据显示，今年春节联欢晚会的观众和收视率都创下了历史新高，该晚会于2月9日农历除夕或农历新年播出。根据句意和句子成分可知，此处作宾语，应用名词high，固定短语“record highs”表示“创纪录的最高水平”。故填highs。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在超高清制作的支持下，春晚在电视屏幕、公共大屏幕和移动设备上播出。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，由于所给词support与主语“the gala”为被动关系，应用过去分词，且空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Supported。
43. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：共有2.5亿人通过他们的手机观看了直播，总观看次数达到4.2亿次，同比增长37.97%和57.58%。根据句意及空后的“mobile phones”可知，该处填所给词“they”的形容性物主代词形式。故填their。
44. 考查副词。句意：共有2.5亿人通过他们的手机观看了直播，总观看次数达到4.2亿次，与2023年相比分别增长了37.97%和57.58%。根据句意可知，句子前面提到了“总观看人数”和“总观看次数”两个数据，对应句中的“37.97%和57.58%”，应用副词respectively“分别地”，修饰“compared”，作状语。故填respectively。
45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国环球电视网(CGTN)与约200个国家和地区的2100多家媒体合作，用68种语言对该节目进行了直播或报道，导致超过15亿的观看次数。此处表示前文事件所带来的直接结果或意料中的结果，应用现在分词形式，作结果状语。故填resulting。
46. 考查冠词。句意：中国环球电视网(CGTN)与约200个国家和地区的2100多家媒体合作，用68种语言对该节目进行了直播或报道，观看次数超过15亿次，同比增长12.69%。根据句意及句子成分可知，空处为1.5 billion instances of viewing的同位语，“an increase of”为固定短语，意为“同比增长”。故填an。
47. 考查介词。句意：今年，春晚除了北京，还有四个分会场。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配“in addition to”，意为“除了”，to是介词。故填to。
48. 考查形容词。句意：观众们欣赏了这些地方的多元文化元素，如民间乐器和民间舞蹈。根据句意和句子句子结构可知，空后为名词“instruments”，此处用形容词musical“音乐的”，修饰instruments，作定语。故填musical。
49. 考查时态。句意：自1983年播出以来，一年一度的中央电视台春节联欢晚会已成为全国庆祝春节的重要组成部分。根据句意和句中的“Since its broadcast in 1983”可知，该句的时态为现在完成时，又因句子主语“the annual CCTV Spring Festival Gala”为第三人称单数，助动词使用has。故填has become。
50. 考查定语从句。句意：作为除夕夜的主要娱乐活动，联欢晚会标志着家人聚在一起庆祝的欢乐时刻。根据句意及句子成分可知，该句为限定性定语从句，先行词是“the joyous moment”，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Peking Opera, regarded as the national essence of China, is getting 51 (hard) and harder to attract the interest of young people. So the Beijing government has come up with an idea, by 52 (team) up with virtual reality company Noitom.
For Beijing residents, watching Peking Opera performances used to be 53 must for the Chinese Lunar New Year in the old times. Today, people don’t have to go to the theater to appreciate Peking Opera. Instead, they enjoy it through virtual reality, 54 opens a window for attracting some young people who can’t afford 55 (go) to the theater to see a Peking Opera 56 (perform).
Noitom, the company behind this project, has been working 57 Peking Opera artists since 2014. It eventually digitized all the elements, including theater, stage, costume, stage property 58 martial arts. All the efforts are made to increase young people’s interest.
Technology and cultural traditions are not always in conflict, but sometimes can benefit from each other. As the biggest Chinese opera form, now Peking Opera 59 (consider) as a true “Oriental Opera”. To preserve it in the long run, technology will 60 (definite) be part of the solution.
【答案】
51. harder 52. teaming 53. a 54. which 55. to go 56. performance 57. with 58. and 59. is considered 60. definitely
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了北京政府通过与虚拟现实公司合作，利用VR技术表演京剧，以吸引年轻人的关注。
51. 考查形容词比较级。句意：京剧，被视为中国的国粹，越来越难以吸引年轻人的兴趣。根据空后的and harder可知，此处是“比较级+and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”。此处表示京剧越来越难以吸引年轻人的兴趣，故填形容词比较级harder。故填harder。
52. 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，北京政府想出了一个主意，与虚拟现实公司Noitom合作。team up with“与……合作”。根据空前的介词by，此处应用team的动名词形式，作介词by的宾语，故填teaming。
53. 考查冠词。句意：对于北京居民来说，观看京剧表演曾经是中国农历新年的一个必经之路。must在此处用作可数名词，表示“必须做（或看、买等）的事情”，此处泛指，且must以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
54. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：相反，他们通过虚拟现实来欣赏京剧，这为吸引一些没钱去剧院看京剧的年轻人打开了一扇窗。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是virtual reality，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
55. 考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，他们通过虚拟现实来欣赏京剧，这为吸引一些没钱去剧院看京剧的年轻人打开了一扇窗。afford to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“负担得起做某事”，用go的不定式，作宾语。故填to go。
56. 考查名词。句意：相反，他们通过虚拟现实来欣赏京剧，这为吸引一些没钱去剧院看京剧的年轻人打开了一扇窗。根据空前的a可知，此处应用名词形式performance“表演”，作see的宾语。故填performance。
57. 考查介词。句意：该项目背后的Noitom公司自2014年以来一直与京剧艺术家合作。work with sb.是固定搭配，表示“与某人合作”。故填with。
58. 考查连词。句意：它最终将所有元素数字化，包括戏剧、舞台、服装、舞台财产和武术。Theater、stage、costume、stage property和martial arts并列，作介词including的宾语，用连词and连接。故填and。
59. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：作为中国最大的戏曲形式，现在京剧被认为是真正的“东方歌剧”。空格位于主语Peking Opera之后，需填谓语动词；Peking Opera与consider“认为”之间存在着被动关系，需用被动语态；时间状语now提示时态需用一般现在时。故设空处应填一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is considered。
60. 考查副词。句意：从长远来看，技术肯定是解决方案的一部分。所填词表示语气上的强调，意为“肯定”，用副词definitely，作状语，修饰句子。故填副词definitely。12. 语法填空突破策略
(时态、语态、主谓一致)
【题型概览】
语法填空试题中，若句中无谓语动词, 或者虽然已有谓语动词, 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时, 所给动词就是谓语动词;此时, 应先考虑时态, 考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态, 然后考虑语态, 最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题, 来确定谓语动词的数。
【突破策略】
突破策略1 “四角度”定时态
角度1:时间状语标志词
一般现在时 every time、now and then、often、sometimes、usually、occasionally、always、 seldom等
一般过去时 yesterday、last year、in 2020、the other day、two days ago、一段时间+later 等
一般将来时 tomorrow、next year、in a week、in the future、soon、tonight等
现在进行时 all the time、at this moment、at present、continually、constantly等
现在完成时 since、recently、lately、already、in the last/past few days、so far、up to now、till now、for+时间段、it is the first time. . . 等
过去完成时 by then、by the end of. . . 、by that time、it was the first time. . . 等
【真题示例】(2022·全国甲卷)
In the last five years, Cao________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且句中有标志性的时间状语时, 应根据时间状语考虑相应的时态。In the last five years为现在完成时的标志词, 主语Cao为第三人称单数, 故填has walked。
角度2:固定句式
(1)was/were doing. . . when+一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do. . . when+一般过去时
(3)had (just) done. . . when+一般过去时
(4)Hardly +had +主语+done. . . when+一般过去时.
(5)No sooner +had+主语+done. . . than+一般过去时.
(6)This/That/It is the +序数词+time +that+现在完成时.
(7)This/That/It was the +序数词+time +that+过去完成时.
(8)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时.
【真题示例】(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Henry_______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且该句是固定句式“was/were doing. . . when(正在做某事, 这时……)”, 主语Henry为第三人称单数, 故填was fixing。
角度3:并列关系
(1)可根据并列连词and、but、or、rather than、neither. . . nor. . . 、not only. . . but also. . . 等判断;
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语, 谓语动词时态要一致。
【真题示例】(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
He quickly________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, and连接并列谓语, 根据另一个谓语started可知此处应该使用一般过去时。throw过去式为threw。故填threw。
角度4:语境暗示
在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下, 可以通过正确理解语境, 即通过题干中的“语境暗示”解题。
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
As a little girl, I________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且没有标志性的时间状语时, 则考虑根据语境确定相应的时态。本句缺少谓语动词, 所以wish作本句谓语, 和主语I之间是主动关系, 根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时, 故填wished。
突破策略2 “两牢记” 定语态
牢记1: 常考时态的被动语态构成
常考时态 被动语态构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done
现在完成时 have/has been done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
一般过去时 was/were done
过去完成时 had been done
过去进行时 was/were being done
一般将来时 will be done
过去将来时 would be done
情态动词 情态动词+ be done
【真题示例】(2023 全国甲卷)
Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系, 所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
牢记2: 主动表被动含义的情况
提示词作谓语, 且表示的是主语所具有的特征时, 应考虑用主动形式表示被动含义。
切记: 不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态。如:breathe、happen、exist、remain、rise、taste、survive、belong to、break out、break down、come up、come true、take place、date from/back to、consist of等。
【真题示例】
The pink dress she wants to buy for her daughter as her birthday present online________(wash) easily.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且表示的是主语所具有的特征时, 应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。故填washes。
突破策略3 “三原则”定主谓一致
原则1: 就远一致
主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语一致。
【真题示例】(2019 江苏高考改编)
The musician along with his band members________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 看到主语后跟有along with引导的短语, 要考虑就远原则确定谓语动词的单复数。故填has given。
原则2: 就近一致
(1)由neither. . . nor. . . 、either. . . or. . . 、not only. . . but also. . . 、not. . . but. . . 等连接并列主语时, 谓语要和位置上最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由there、here引导的句子的主语不止一个时, 谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
【真题示例】
Not only the students but also the teacher________(enjoy) listening to the music.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 看到主语由not only. . . but also. . . 连接时, 要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。故填enjoys。
原则3: 语法一致
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念, 兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时, 谓语动词用单数。
(2)非谓语动词、从句作主语时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。
(3)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数; 可数名词复数作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
(4)集体名词看作整体时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 看作个体时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
【真题示例】(2020 新高考Ⅰ卷)
Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ________(be)on display.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 要考虑语法一致原则确定其单复数。故填is。
【题型精练】
1
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, even for the most accomplished chefs, cooking 1 (involve) improvising with the ingredients (原料) on hand: feel and taste. For the Chinese, the idea of exact time and amounts in cooking is an alien concept. In fact, times and measuring cups won’t be found in a traditional Chinese kitchen. Nor will a Chinese cook asked 2 he or she makes a particular dish respond with clear 3 (quantity) of ingredients and an exact cooking time, for such concrete instructions are almost not 4 (exist) in the world of Chinese cuisine.
5 (make) Chinese food can be very time consuming. One reason is 6 the preparation before the actual cooking takes time, as ingredients for the same dish are 7 (typical) cut into uniform shapes, and preferably into bite-sized pieces. Chinese cooking employs different methods according to the nature of the ingredients, the length of cooking time, and the degree of heat. The major 8 (emphasize) , though, is on enhancing the natural flavor of ingredients, as well as retaining nutrients.
Almost every Chinese kitchen has 9 bamboo steamer. In this method, foods are put in the steamer above boiling water. This technique preserves the colors, ‘flavors, and nutrients of the food. A good cook knows which techniques to use 10 (combine) the natural flavors of the ingredients for the best taste and nutrition.
2
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Old Tea Forests in Pu’er,Yunnan Province, gained the World Heritage Site status at the ongoing 45th session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO, 11 (become)China’s first World Heritage Site related to tea.
The newly named heritage site 12 (consist) of five well-preserved old tea forests, 13 stand 1,250 to 1,500 meters above the sea level; three protective barrier forests; and nine ancient villages.
The cultural landscape was 14 (joint) created by the ancestors of the Blang people and the native Dai people.
The local people created ideal light conditions for tea trees, thereby producing quality organic tea leaves 15 the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
The cultural landscape represents the ecological ethics and 16 (wise)that can inspire sustainable development in the world today, said Chen Yaohua, director of Peking University’s World Heritage Research Center, who 17 (lead) studies on the site for the past 12 years. Li Qun, another director of the National Cultural Heritage Administration, commented that China would 18 (strength)efforts to better protect the heritage site so that climate change would 19 (solve) to ensure that the lasting, outstanding and universal values of the old tea forests were passed from generation to generation. “It 20 (be) international exchanges and cooperation that help themselves to take more responsibilities in protecting the site,” Li also said.
3
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Flames in kilns (窑) around China have been burning since the Xia and Shang dynasties. Along the way, porcelain (瓷器) was born.
Porcelain is made by heating raw materials, often 21 mix between China stone and kaolin clay, in a kiln at a temperature as high as 1,200 degree Celsius. Temperature is key 22 making porcelain. Going through the fire of reinvention gives porcelain 23 (great) strength, more translucence (半透明) and a feast of colors.
Celadon produced in Longquan, Zhejiang province, a technique 24 (pass) down for more than 1,600 years, is a typical example of craftsmen’s pursuit of the perfect green glint (闪光). 25 takes 72 steps to produce Longquan celadon’s jade-like green. Plum green and light green are two colors of the best quality.
Porcelain has also been a carrier for cultural exchanges. Along with China’s silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first items 26 (receive) worldwide trade. As it travelled around the globe through the ancient Maritime Silk Road, porcelain 27 (enjoy) great popularity among royal families and upper classes in Europe, 28 were fascinated by these beautiful vessels they named after China.
Porcelain has evolved into art works. Even when broken into 29 (piece) and buried deep in mud, cultural values attached to porcelain remain. As a memory that can be felt with both hands, porcelain is 30 (touch) history.
4
The long-awaited TV series Blossoms Shanghai has been released in two versions — Mandarin (普通话) and the Shanghai dialect — on Dec 27, quickly soaring as one of the 31 (popular) dramas during the New Year’s period.
32 (adapt) from writer Jin Yucheng’s award-winning novel, Fan Hua, the series takes audience back to Shanghai in 33 early 1990s, following the rise of A Bao, an ambitious young man 34 seizes the opportunities of the early stock (股票) market and 35 (transform) into a self-made millionaire, expanding his business to foreign trade.
Amid his journey to success, the protagonist (主角) has received help from multiple 36 (friend), including a seasoned former businessman, a capable employee from a foreign trade company, 37 a restaurant operator. However, his relationship with them undergoes a really big test due to a mysterious woman, and his own business also faces a crisis due to a powerful opponent from Shenzhen.
38 (current), this drama has sparked heated discussions online, with some netizens 39 (praise) it as the “most artistic TV show of the year”. However, it has also received negative reviews. Some viewers said the television version’s story is too fragmented (零散) and not as “down to earth” as the 40 (origin) novel.
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The audience and viewership for this year’s Spring Festival TV gala, which was aired on Feb 9, Lunar New Year’s Eve or Chinese Lunar New Year, both reached record 41 (high), according to ratings statistics.
42 (support) by ultra-high-definition production, the gala was telecast on TV screens, public large screens, and mobile devices. A total of 250 million people watched the live streaming of the show via 43 (they) mobile phones with the total views reaching 420 million, up by 37.97 percent and 57.58 percent, 44 (respective), compared with 2023. The China Global Television Network (CGTN) worked with over 2,100 media organizations in about 200 countries and regions to live broadcast or report the show in 68 languages, 45 (result) in over 1.5 billion instances of viewing, 46 increase of 12.69 percent year on year.
This year, the gala, in addition 47 Beijing, had four branch venues. Audience enjoyed a diversity of local cultural elements from those places, such as folk 48 (music) instruments and folk dances.
Since its broadcast in 1983, the annual CCTV Spring Festival Gala 49 (become) an essential part of celebrations in the country to greet the Chinese New Year. As a major entertainment during Lunar New Year’s Eve, the gala marks the joyous moment 50 families gather together to celebrate.
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Peking Opera, regarded as the national essence of China, is getting 51 (hard) and harder to attract the interest of young people. So the Beijing government has come up with an idea, by 52 (team) up with virtual reality company Noitom.
For Beijing residents, watching Peking Opera performances used to be 53 must for the Chinese Lunar New Year in the old times. Today, people don’t have to go to the theater to appreciate Peking Opera. Instead, they enjoy it through virtual reality, 54 opens a window for attracting some young people who can’t afford 55 (go) to the theater to see a Peking Opera 56 (perform).
Noitom, the company behind this project, has been working 57 Peking Opera artists since 2014. It eventually digitized all the elements, including theater, stage, costume, stage property 58 martial arts. All the efforts are made to increase young people’s interest.
Technology and cultural traditions are not always in conflict, but sometimes can benefit from each other. As the biggest Chinese opera form, now Peking Opera 59 (consider) as a true “Oriental Opera”. To preserve it in the long run, technology will 60 (definite) be part of the solution.
