13.语法填空突破策略
(非谓语动词)
【题型总览】
在语法填空试题中，若句中已有谓语动词, 空处又不在句中作并列谓语时, 所要填的通常是非谓语动词, 此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说, 作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动词-ing形式;此外, doing表示主动、正在进行;done表示被动、完成;to do表示尚未发生的动作。
【突破策略】
突破策略1 成分分解法：作主语和表语
作 主 语 句中缺少主语, 找到句子的谓语部分, 确定应用动词-ing形式还是不定式作主语
掌握用动词-ing形式/不定式作主语的句型: It is/was+adj. (for/of sb. ) +to do sth. It is no use/good doing sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
作 表 语 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动词-ing形式和不定式 (1)现在分词作表语修饰物, 意为“令人……的” (2)过去分词作表语修饰人, 意为“感到……的”
【真题示例】(2021·全国甲卷)
It is possible________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 句子的主语It是形式主语, 故此处应用to do不定式作真正的主语。故填to walk。
突破策略2 固定搭配法：作宾语
作 宾 语 作介词的宾语: 介词和带介词to的固定搭配后一定跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语, 且前面有实义动词do时, 不定式就要省略to
只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: 喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy、consider、escape/avoid) 不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help、give up、risk) 感激承认很值得(appreciate、admit、be worth) 介意想象莫推延(mind、imagine、delay/put off) 允许完成是期望(allow/permit、finish、look forward to) 建议继续勤操练(suggest、go on、practise) 致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to、excuse、insist on) 继续成功不错过(keep on、succeed in、miss)
作 宾 语 只跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: 三个希望两答应(hope、wish、expect、agree、promise) 两个要求莫拒绝(demand、ask、refuse) 设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide/determine) 不要假装在选择(pretend、choose/select) 打算提出一计划(intend、offer、plan) 申请失败负担起(apply、fail、afford) 准备愿望又碰巧(prepare、desire、happen)
既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: remember、forget、regret、go on、need、start、begin、try、mean等。注意它们的不同含义
【真题示例1】(2023·全国乙卷)
As a photographer, I have spent the last two years________ (record) everything I discovered.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现此处考查“spend time (in) doing sth. ”结构, 意为“花费时间做某事”。动词-ing形式作介词的宾语, 介词可以省略。故填recording。
【真题示例2】(2021·全国乙卷)
Minimize the impact of________(visit) the place.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语, 且在介词之后或在只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)后, 应考虑用动词-ing形式。故填visiting。
突破策略3 关系分析法：作定语
作 定 语 现在分词作定语: (1)现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行; (2)若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done结构
过去分词作定语: 过去分词作定语表示被动、完成
不定式作定语: (1)看见first、second 等序数词以及形容词最高级(+名词), 用不定式作定语; (2)抽象名词ability、chance、opportunity、promise等后常用不定式作后置定语
【真题示例1】(2023·全国甲卷)
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message________ (intend) for everyone.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 提示词在句中作后置定语, 与被修饰词message构成逻辑上的被动关系, 所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
【真题示例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Shanghai may be the________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 提示词在句中作名词home的定语, recognize与home是逻辑上的动宾关系, 需用过去分词recognized作定语, recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
突破策略4 逻辑关系法：作状语
作 状 语 现在分词作状语: 句子的主语是分词动作的发出者, 就用现在分词形式(doing): (1)表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词; (2)自然而然的结果用现在分词
过去分词作状语: 句子的主语是分词动作的承受者, 则要用过去分词(done)
不定式作状语: (1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语; (2)only to do sth. 为不定式作结果状语, 表示出乎意料的结果; (3)形容词或过去分词作表语时, 后接不定式作状语。常见词有: happy、lucky、anxious、proud、disappointed、surprised、delighted、foolish、pleased、fortunate 等; (4)牢记“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”句式, 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
【真题示例】(2023·全国乙卷)
________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 此空为非谓语动词作状语。主语“I”和“visit”之间为逻辑上的主动关系, 再根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知, 应该用动词-ing形式的完成式, 置于句首, 首字母大写。故填Having visited。
突破策略5 句型格式法：作宾语补足语
作 宾 语 补 足 语 不定式作宾语补足语: 常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell、order、allow、permit、enable、persuade、force、warn、encourage、ask、invite、expect等。
have的固定用法: have sb. /sth. doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事 have sth. done让某事被做 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
分词作宾语补足语: (1)现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行; (2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成; (3)常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: have、make、get、leave、find、see、notice、watch、hear、feel、want、like 等。
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 此处考查“leave sb. +宾语补足语”, 本句是被动语态, want是主语补足语, 根据句意, I与want之间在逻辑上是主动关系, 用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
【题型精练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is well-known for its long and amazing civilization. Many factors make it possible, one of 1 is the Chinese writing system.
Starting as a picture-based language, written Chinese dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells with 2 (carve) symbols on them. By the Shang Dynasty, the symbols had become a highly developed writing system. 3 time went by, a wide variety of dialects and characters came into being because of geographical 4 (difference). Later on, Emperor Qinshihuang united the Chinese people and culture, 5 (lead) to the singular (单一的) development of the writing system. As a result, Chinese people, regardless of location or dialect, now almost have no 6 (difficult) in communicating in writing.
Written Chinese also serves as a great way 7 (connect) China’s present with its past.Because of it, people can read the classic works written in ancient times. People think highly of the Chinese writing system 8 feel proud of the Chinese calligraphy, which is 9 art form enjoying great popularity now.
As China is becoming stronger and more powerful, recently, the number of international students learning Chinese 10 (increase) rapidly.
【答案】
1. which 2. carved 3. As 4. differences 5. leading 6. difficulty 7. to connect 8. and 9. an 10. has increased /has been increasing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国汉字的演变发展以及如今的影响。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：许多因素使其成为可能，其中之一就是中文书写系统。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为factor，且关系词在定语从句中作介词宾语，故应用which引导，故填which。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：书面汉语最初是一种基于图像的语言，其历史可以追溯到几千年前使用龙骨——上面刻有符号的动物骨头和贝壳。carve与symbol构成被动关系，用过去分词carved作定语，表示被动。故填carved。
3. 考查状语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，由于地域的不同，出现了各种各样的方言和文字。此处as引导状语从句，表示“随着”，位于句首首字母大写，故填As。
4. 考查名词复数。句意：随着时间的推移，由于地域的不同，出现了各种各样的方言和文字。形容词后用名词，表示地域的不同，即不同不止一个，应该用名词复数，故填differences。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，秦始皇统一了中国人民和文化，导致了文字系统的单一发展。此处作结果状语，表示“秦始皇统一了中国人民和文化”自然而然地就带来了“文字系统的单一发展”结果，故应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填leading。
6. 考查名词。句意：结果，中国人，无论地域、方言，现在用书面交流几乎没有困难。have no difficulty in doing表示“做某件事没有困难”，应用名词作宾语，故填difficulty。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：书面汉语也是连接中国现在和过去的一种很好的方式。谓语是serve as，connect是非谓语动词，way to do表示“……的方式”，用动词不定式作定语。故填to connect。
8. 考查连词。句意：人们高度评价中国的书写系统，并为中国书法感到自豪，这是一种现在很受欢迎的艺术形式。表示“think highly of”和“feel proud”是并列关系。故填and。
9. 考查冠词。句意：人们高度评价中国的书写系统，并为中国书法感到自豪，这是一种现在很受欢迎的艺术形式。此处表示“一种艺术形式”，应用不定冠词来修饰，且art发音是以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
10. 考查动词时态语态。句意：随着中国的日益强大，近年来，学习汉语的国际学生人数迅速增加。recently是现在完成时的标志，也可以表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，强调动作的连续性，用现在完成进行时，短语the number of作主语，谓语用单数。故填has increased或has been increasing。
2
下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When the Library Cave, known as Cave 17 from the Mogao Cave Complex at Dunhuang, China, was opened in 1900, several tons of manuscripts (手稿) scrolls, booklets and paintings on silk and paper were found literally stuffed into it. These 11 (extreme) valuable writings were collected between 12 9th and 10th centuries CE, by Tang and Song Dynasty Buddhist monks who carved out the cave and then filled it 13 ancient and current manuscripts on topics ranging from religion and philosophy, history and mathematics, to folk songs and dance.
Cave 17 is only one of the 735 human-made 14 (cave) called Mogao Grottoes, 15 were dug into a loess cliff about 15 miles southeast of the town of Dunhuang in Gansu Province. Dunhuang’s long and glorious history reflects 16 (it) significance as a center of 17 (culture) and religious exchange. These caves 18 (dig) and maintained by Buddhist monks from 366 CE and were sealed and hidden about a thousand years ago. It was not until 1900 that they were rediscovered.
The Dunhuang Academy was set up in China in the 1980s, 19 (aim) to collect and preserve the manuscripts; the International Dunhuang Project (IDP) was formed in 1994 to bring the international scholars together 20 (work) jointly on the collections. The IDP has put many of the documents, images and translations online.
【答案】
11. extremely 12. the 13. with 14. caves 15. which 16. its 17. cultural 18. were dug 19. aiming 20. to work
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国敦煌莫高窟第17窟的情况，洞穴中填满了古代和现代的手稿，内容涉及宗教、哲学、历史、数学、民间歌曲和舞蹈等。
11. 考查副词。句意：这些及其珍贵的文字收集于公元9世纪至10世纪之间，由唐宋时期的佛教僧侣们雕刻而成，并在洞穴中填满了古代和现代的手稿，内容涉及宗教、哲学、历史、数学、民间歌曲和舞蹈等。此处修饰后文形容词valuable，应用副词extremely“及其”，作状语。故填extremely。
12. 考查冠词。句意：这些及其珍贵的文字收集于公元9世纪至10世纪之间，由唐宋时期的佛教僧侣们雕刻而成，并在洞穴中填满了古代和现代的手稿，内容涉及宗教、哲学、历史、数学、民间歌曲和舞蹈等。序数词前应用定冠词the。故填the。
13. 考查介词。句意：这些及其珍贵的文字收集于公元9世纪至10世纪之间，由唐宋时期的佛教僧侣们雕刻而成，并在洞穴中填满了古代和现代的手稿，内容涉及宗教、哲学、历史、数学、民间歌曲和舞蹈等。固定短语fill.....with....“用……装满”。故填with。
14. 考查名词复数。句意：第17窟是735个被称为莫高窟的人工石窟之一，这些石窟是在甘肃省敦煌市东南约15英里的黄土悬崖上挖掘的。one of+名词复数形式“……之一”，此处应用名词复数形式。故填caves。
15. 考查定语从句。句意：第17窟是735个被称为莫高窟的人工石窟之一，这些石窟是在甘肃省敦煌市东南约15英里的黄土悬崖上挖掘的。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Mogao Grottoes，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系动词which引导。故填which。
16. 考查代词。句意：敦煌悠久而光荣的历史反映了它作为文化和宗教交流中心的重要意义。此处修饰名词significance，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
17. 考查形容词。句意：敦煌悠久而光荣的历史反映了它作为文化和宗教交流中心的重要意义。此处与and之后形容词religious是并列成分，应用形容词cultural“文化的”，作定语。故填cultural。
18. 考查时态与语态。句意：这些洞穴自公元 366 年起由佛教僧侣挖掘和维护，并在大约一千年前被密封和隐藏。主语These caves与动词dig是被动关系，且在句中做谓语，句子描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were dug。
19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：20世纪80年代，中国成立了敦煌研究院，目的是收集和保存手稿；国际敦煌项目成立于1994年，旨在将国际学者聚集在一起，共同研究敦煌藏品。该句的谓语动词为was set up，此处为非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语构成主动形式，应用现在分词，作状语。故填aiming。
20. 考查非谓语动词。句意：20世纪80年代，中国成立了敦煌研究院，目的是收集和保存手稿；国际敦煌项目成立于1994年，旨在将国际学者聚集在一起，共同研究敦煌藏品。该句的谓语动词为was formed，此处为非谓语动词，在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to work。
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Can I ask a big favor ” a foreign prince asked a young Chinese craftsman standing behind a booth with various dough figurines (面人) 21 display. The prince invited the young man to make 22 extra figurine so that he could present it to each of his children after 23 (amaze) by the artistry involved in making dough figurines.
The young man, Lang Jiaziyu, 24 is a third-generation inheritor of Beijing “Dough Figurine Lang”, was born in 1995. The surname “Lang” is attached to the figurine as a traditional way in China 25 (convey) gratitude for the family’s contributions to the craft. Carrying on his family’s famous tradition of making dough figurines, Lang Jiaziyu is putting new creative ideas and cultural elements into the craft, ensuring 26 (it) popularity stays forever young.
The dough figurine 27 (initial) became well-known as a typical folk art found on the streets, which required speedy production. Within three to five minutes, a craftsman could finish a piece of work. The main ingredients are dough, honey and salt. With their simple and basic materials, quick production and small size, the dough figurines 28 (gain) popularity as unique cultural artworks in Beijing for many years. A great number of people have deep 29 (appreciate) for these small sculptures. They can 30 (use) for home decorations and children’s toys.
【答案】
21. on 22. an 23. being amazed 24. who 25. to convey 26. its 27. initially 28. have gained/have been gaining 29. appreciation 30. be used
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统艺术面塑和其传承人郎佳子彧。
21. 考查介词。句意：“我能请你帮个大忙吗 ”一位外国王子问一位年轻的中国工匠，他站在一个展示各种面塑的摊位后面。on show是介词短语，意为“展出；展览”，在句中作with复合结构中的宾语补足语。故填on。
22. 考查冠词。句意：王子对面人的艺术性感到惊叹，于是邀请这位年轻人再做一个面人，这样他就可以送给他的每个孩子了。可数名词figurine在句中表示“一个面人”，泛指，extra发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
23. 考查非谓语动词。句意：王子对面人的艺术性感到惊叹，于是邀请这位年轻人再做一个面人，这样他就可以送给他的每个孩子了。介词after后用动名词作宾语，且提示词amaze(使惊奇)与其逻辑主语The prince之间是被动关系，用动名词的被动式being amazed。故填being amazed。
24. 考查定语从句。句意：这位名叫郎佳子彧的年轻人出生于1995年，是北京“面人郎”的第三代传人。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The young man，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
25. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“郎”这个姓与这些小面人有关，是中国的一种传统方式，用来感谢这家人对这门手艺的贡献。名词way后常用不定式作后置定语；a traditional way to convey gratitude“表达感谢的传统方式”。故填to convey。
26. 考查代词。句意：郎佳子彧继承了家族制作面塑的传统，将新的创意和文化元素融入到面塑工艺中，从而使面塑手艺的人气永不过时。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词popularity。故填its。
27. 考查副词。句意：面塑最初作为一种典型的街头民间艺术而闻名，需要快速制作完成。分析句子可知，空格处为副词修饰动词became，作状语。故填initially。
28. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：由于材料简单基础，制作快捷，体积小，面塑多年来作为独特的文化艺术品在北京广受欢迎。分析句子可知，gain(赢得)是句中谓语动词，与主语the doughfigurines之间是主动关系，结合时间状语for many years可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，用现在完成时态，也可以持续下去用现在完成进行时，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，复数形式。故填have gained/have been gaining。
29. 考查名词。句意：许多人对这些小雕塑有着如此深刻的欣赏，它们可以用于家庭装饰和儿童玩具。形容词后用名词，应用名词appreciation作动词have的宾语。故填appreciation。
30. 考查被动语态。句意：它们可以被用于家居装饰品和儿童玩具。use与They之间被动关系，情态动词后用动词原形，故此处应用be used。故填be used。
4
Since earliest times, people have dreamed of exploring the universe, but before the mid-20th century, it was considered 31 impossible dream. However, with the efforts of scientists, rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity 32 (make). In 1961, the USSR sent the first person into space. Then, American astronaut Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon, 33 was considered a giant leap for mankind.
Scientists tried 34 (ensure) the safety of the astronauts, but disasters still happened, which made everyone sad and 35 (disappoint). However, the man’s desire to explore the universe never died. This is 36 people believe in the importance of carrying on space 37 (explore) despite the huge risks.
China has made great progress in space programme in recent years. In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. More 38 (recent), China has sent Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and 39 (observation).
The future of space exploration remains bright. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe 40 (begin) , but also help us survive well into the future.
【答案】
31. an 32. were made 33. which 34. to ensure 35. disappointed 36. because 37. exploration/explorations 38. recently 39. observations 40. began
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空探索的历程，太空探索的前景依然光明，尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。同时介绍了中国在太空探索上取得的成就。
31. 考查冠词。句意：从最早的时候起，人类就梦想着探索宇宙，但在20世纪中叶之前，这被看作是一个不可能实现的梦想。dream“梦想”为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，impossible的开头发音为元音音素，所以应用冠词an。故填an。
32. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，在科学家的努力下，制能够逃脱地球引力的火箭被造出了。此处是主句的谓语部分，根据句中could escape可知，句子使用一般过去时，make和rockets之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语rockets是复数，be动词使用were。故填were made。
33. 考查定语从句。句意：然后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗踏上月球第一步，这被认为是人类的巨大飞跃。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
34. 考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们努力确保宇航员的安全，但灾难仍然会发生，这使每个人都感到悲伤和失望。分析句子结构可知，此处用作动词tried的宾语，表示“努力做”，需用不定式。故填to ensure。
35. 考查形容词。句意：科学家们努力确保宇航员的安全，但灾难仍然会发生，这使每个人都感到悲伤和失望。根据上文“made everyone sad”可知，此处应用形容词disappointed表示“失望的”，作宾语补足语。故填disappointed。
36. 考查表语从句。句意：这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，但人们相信进行太空探索的重要性。分析句子结构可知，此处是表语从句引导词，结合语意，表示“因为”，应用because。故填because。
37. 考查名词。句意：这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，但人们相信进行太空探索的重要性。分析句子结构可知，此处用作介词on的宾语，应使用名词，需用exploration，是可数名词，需用复数形式表示泛指，也可以作不可数名词指一个整体概念。故填exploration/explorations。
38. 考查副词。句意：最近，中国已派出嫦娥四号探测月球背面进行测量和观测。分析句子结构可知，此处是句子的时间状语，表示“最近”，需用副词recently。故填recently。
39. 考查名词。句意：最近，中国已派出嫦娥四号探测月球背面进行测量和观测。分析句子结构可知，此处用作动词make的宾语，应使用名词observation，表示“表示具体的一次观察或观测”是可数名词，应使用复数形式。故填observations。
40. 考查动词时态。句意：尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语部分，表示宇宙开始，是发生在过去的事情，故此处用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填began。
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Longjing tea, 41 (literal) meaning Dragon Well tea, is a variety of pan-roasted green tea that 42 (name) after its production region — Longjing Village of West Lake in Hangzhou, China. It is one of the most popular teas in China and is considered as “the Queen of Green Tea”. Nowadays, this tea is also known 43 (lower) blood pressure and help the body keep cholesterol (胆固醇) levels under control, thus 44 (reduce) the risk of heart attack.
Longjing tea has a history over 2000 years, but what makes it even more 45 (fame) is an emperor. A legend links the Qianlong Emperor to Longjing tea. It goes that during his visit 46 tea plantations in the area, he took an interest in the harvesting activities and even joined in. While picking the tea, he received word 47 his mother in Beijing was ill, and in a hurry to leave, he put the leaves he had picked into his sleeves (袖子). On his return, his mother smelled the leaves and asked for tea to be made from them. After drinking the tea, as the story goes, she made a full 48 (recover) and the emperor declared Longjing tea 49 cure for illness, increasing its popularity around the country. Afterwards, Longjing tea became better known as the head of all tea types in China and also 50 (title)as the “Gentleman of the Chinese Teas”.
【答案】
41. literally 42. is named 43. to lower 44. reducing 45. famous 46. to 47. that 48. recovery 49. a 50. was titled
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了龙井茶的历史。
41. 考查副词。句意：龙井茶，字面意思是“龙井茶”，是一种炒制的绿茶，以其产地——中国杭州西湖的龙井村命名。此处修饰现在分词meaning，应用副词literally“按照字面意义地”，作状语。故填literally。
42. 考查动词语态。句意：龙井茶，字面意思是“龙井茶”，是一种炒制的绿茶，以其产地——中国杭州西湖的龙井村命名。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；that指代先行词Longjing tea，是单数，与name是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，be动词使用is。故填is named。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，这种茶也被称为有助于降低血压并帮助身体控制胆固醇水平，从而减少心脏病发作风险。固定搭配be known to do“被认为”，lower作动词，意为“降低”。故填to lower。
44. 考查非谓语动词。现在，这种茶也被称为有助于降低血压并帮助身体控制胆固醇水平，从而减少心脏病发作风险。此处表示自然而然产生的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填reducing。
45. 考查形容词。句意：龙井茶有着2000多年的历史，但让它更出名的是一位皇帝。此处是make sth.+adj.“让某事怎么样”，形容词作宾语补足语，fame的形容词是famous“出名的”。故填famous。
46. 考查介词。句意：在他参观该地区的茶园期间，他对采摘活动产生了兴趣，甚至加入其中。固定搭配a visit to“参观某地：前往某个地方进行参观或拜访”，to是介词。故填to。
47. 考查同位语从句。句意：在采茶的时候，他接到消息说他在北京的母亲生病了，他匆忙离开时把采摘的茶叶放进了袖子里。word表示“消息”，其后是同位语从句，从句句意完整、成齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
48. 考查名词。句意：喝完茶后，据说她完全康复了，皇帝宣布龙井茶是治病的良药，从而增加了它在全国的知名度。此处作宾语，应用名词recovery“康复”，空前有a，应用名词单数形式。故填recovery。
49. 考查冠词。句意：喝完茶后，据说她完全康复了，皇帝宣布龙井茶是治病的良药，从而增加了它在全国的知名度。此处泛指“一种良药”，且cure以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
50. 考查时态语态。句意：此后，龙井茶在中国变得更加有名，也被称为“中国茶之君子”。 and连接并列谓语动词，由became可知，应用一般过去时；主语Longjing tea与title“把……称为”是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语是单数，be动词使用was。故填was titled。
6
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
Lantern festivals add magic to 51 (celebrate) and their designs are deeply inspired by traditional culture. Shortly after organizing the lantern carnival in Hong Kong on Sept 24, Wan Songtao and his team hurried back to their hometown of Zigong in Sichuan province, where another grand lantern show was on the cards.
“The older I grow, the more 52 (attach) I become to lantern making” the 54 year old craftsman tells China Daily Early in 53 morning, Wan went to inspect work at Chinese Lantern World, 54 on Sept 27 was transformed into an ocean of light and color by massive lanterns in the shape of humans, flowers, animals and buildings, made to celebrate both the Mid Autumn Festival 55 the National Day.
“For this lantern fair, we derived inspiration from ancient Chinese poems,” Wan says, adding that Tianshang Gongque (the moon palace), a centerpiece as well as one of 21 core lantern installations ( 装 置) at the fair, 56 (inspire) by Su Dongpo’s The Mid-Autumn Festival. The installation, which was composed of 19 palace style 57 (structure), stretched 270 meters and 58 (rise) high into the sky, drawing visitors’ eyes up to a “full moon”, a round LED screen showing Chang’e, goddess of the moon, flying toward her palace.
The eight-day holiday attracted over 210,000 visitors from around China to Zigong, a city which is 59 (remote) situated in the southwest of China but is home 60 one of the world’s best lantern shows.
【答案】
51. celebration/celebrations 52. attached 53. the 54. which 55. and 56. is inspired/was inspired 57. structures 58. rose 59. remotely 60. to
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四川自贡为庆祝中秋节和国庆节举办的盛大灯会。
51. 考查名词。句意：元宵节为庆祝活动增添了魔力，其设计深受传统文化启发。此处应用名词celebration作宾语，表示“庆祝”，为不可数名词，也可以表示“庆祝活动”，为可数名词，前面无冠词，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填celebration(s)。
52. 考查形容词。句意：这位54岁的工匠告诉《中国日报》：“年纪越大，对灯笼制作就越有兴趣。”一大早，万就去中国彩灯世界视察工作，9月27日，彩灯世界变成了一片光与色的海洋，为了庆祝中秋节和国庆节，各种灯笼被制成巨大的人物、花卉、动物和建筑物形状。“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”是固定句型，表示“越……，越……”，此处应用形容词attached与more构成比较级，作表语，故填attached。
53. 考查冠词。句意：这位54岁的工匠告诉《中国日报》：“年纪越大，对灯笼制作就越有兴趣。”一大早，万就去中国彩灯世界视察工作，9月27日，彩灯世界变成了一片光与色的海洋，为了庆祝中秋节和国庆节，各种灯笼被制成巨大的人物、花卉、动物和建筑物形状。in the morning固定搭配，意为“在早上”，故填the。
54. 考查定语从句。句意：这位54岁的工匠告诉《中国日报》：“年纪越大，对灯笼制作就越有兴趣。”一大早，万就去中国彩灯世界视察工作，9月27日，彩灯世界变成了一片光与色的海洋，为了庆祝中秋节和国庆节，各种灯笼被制成巨大的人物、花卉、动物和建筑物形状。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese Lantern World，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句，故填which。
55. 考查连词。句意：这位54岁的工匠告诉《中国日报》：“年纪越大，对灯笼制作就越有兴趣。”一大早，万就去中国彩灯世界视察工作，9月27日，彩灯世界变成了一片光与色的海洋，为了庆祝中秋节和国庆节，各种灯笼被制成巨大的人物、花卉、动物和建筑物形状。Mid Autumn Festival和the National Day是并列关系，应用连词and，故填and。
56. 考查时态和语态。句意：“对于这次灯会，我们从中国古代诗歌中获得了灵感，”万说，并补充说，天上宫雀（月宫）是灯会的核心，也是灯会的21个核心灯展之一，其灵感来自于苏东坡的《中秋》。此处在句中作谓语，主语是Tianshang Gongque (the moon palace)，和动词inspire是被动关系，此处表示一般性事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，也可以表示过去受到启发，描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填is/was inspired。
57. 考查名词的数。句意：该装置由 19 座宫殿式结构组成，绵延270 米，高耸入云，将游客的目光吸引到“满月”——圆形LED屏幕显示嫦娥奔向她的宫殿。此处应用名词structure作宾语，由19可知，应用复数形式，故填structures。
58. 考查时态。句意：该装置由 19 座宫殿式结构组成，绵延270 米，高耸入云，将游客的目光吸引到“满月”——圆形LED屏幕显示嫦娥奔向她的宫殿。由句意和stretched可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，谓语动词stretched和rose是并列关系，故填rose。
59. 考查副词。句意：为期八天的假期吸引了来自中国各地的超过 21 万名游客来到自贡，这座城市位于中国西南部偏远地区，但却是世界上表演灯会最好的地方之一。此处应用副词remotely作状语，修饰短语be situated in，故填remotely。
60. 考查固定搭配。句意：为期八天的假期吸引了来自中国各地的超过 21 万名游客来到自贡，这座城市位于中国西南部偏远地区，但却是世界上表演灯会最好的地方之一。be home to固定搭配，意为“……的所在地”。故填to。13.语法填空突破策略
(非谓语动词)
【题型总览】
在语法填空试题中，若句中已有谓语动词, 空处又不在句中作并列谓语时, 所要填的通常是非谓语动词, 此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说, 作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动词-ing形式;此外, doing表示主动、正在进行;done表示被动、完成;to do表示尚未发生的动作。
【突破策略】
突破策略1 成分分解法：作主语和表语
作 主 语 句中缺少主语, 找到句子的谓语部分, 确定应用动词-ing形式还是不定式作主语
掌握用动词-ing形式/不定式作主语的句型: It is/was+adj. (for/of sb. ) +to do sth. It is no use/good doing sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
作 表 语 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动词-ing形式和不定式 (1)现在分词作表语修饰物, 意为“令人……的” (2)过去分词作表语修饰人, 意为“感到……的”
【真题示例】(2021·全国甲卷)
It is possible________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 句子的主语It是形式主语, 故此处应用to do不定式作真正的主语。故填to walk。
突破策略2 固定搭配法：作宾语
作 宾 语 作介词的宾语: 介词和带介词to的固定搭配后一定跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语, 且前面有实义动词do时, 不定式就要省略to
只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: 喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy、consider、escape/avoid) 不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help、give up、risk) 感激承认很值得(appreciate、admit、be worth) 介意想象莫推延(mind、imagine、delay/put off) 允许完成是期望(allow/permit、finish、look forward to) 建议继续勤操练(suggest、go on、practise) 致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to、excuse、insist on) 继续成功不错过(keep on、succeed in、miss)
作 宾 语 只跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: 三个希望两答应(hope、wish、expect、agree、promise) 两个要求莫拒绝(demand、ask、refuse) 设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide/determine) 不要假装在选择(pretend、choose/select) 打算提出一计划(intend、offer、plan) 申请失败负担起(apply、fail、afford) 准备愿望又碰巧(prepare、desire、happen)
既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: remember、forget、regret、go on、need、start、begin、try、mean等。注意它们的不同含义
【真题示例1】(2023·全国乙卷)
As a photographer, I have spent the last two years________ (record) everything I discovered.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现此处考查“spend time (in) doing sth. ”结构, 意为“花费时间做某事”。动词-ing形式作介词的宾语, 介词可以省略。故填recording。
【真题示例2】(2021·全国乙卷)
Minimize the impact of________(visit) the place.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语, 且在介词之后或在只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)后, 应考虑用动词-ing形式。故填visiting。
突破策略3 关系分析法：作定语
作 定 语 现在分词作定语: (1)现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行; (2)若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done结构
过去分词作定语: 过去分词作定语表示被动、完成
不定式作定语: (1)看见first、second 等序数词以及形容词最高级(+名词), 用不定式作定语; (2)抽象名词ability、chance、opportunity、promise等后常用不定式作后置定语
【真题示例1】(2023·全国甲卷)
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message________ (intend) for everyone.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 提示词在句中作后置定语, 与被修饰词message构成逻辑上的被动关系, 所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
【真题示例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Shanghai may be the________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 提示词在句中作名词home的定语, recognize与home是逻辑上的动宾关系, 需用过去分词recognized作定语, recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
突破策略4 逻辑关系法：作状语
作 状 语 现在分词作状语: 句子的主语是分词动作的发出者, 就用现在分词形式(doing): (1)表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词; (2)自然而然的结果用现在分词
过去分词作状语: 句子的主语是分词动作的承受者, 则要用过去分词(done)
不定式作状语: (1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语; (2)only to do sth. 为不定式作结果状语, 表示出乎意料的结果; (3)形容词或过去分词作表语时, 后接不定式作状语。常见词有: happy、lucky、anxious、proud、disappointed、surprised、delighted、foolish、pleased、fortunate 等; (4)牢记“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”句式, 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
【真题示例】(2023·全国乙卷)
________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 此空为非谓语动词作状语。主语“I”和“visit”之间为逻辑上的主动关系, 再根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知, 应该用动词-ing形式的完成式, 置于句首, 首字母大写。故填Having visited。
突破策略5 句型格式法：作宾语补足语
作 宾 语 补 足 语 不定式作宾语补足语: 常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell、order、allow、permit、enable、persuade、force、warn、encourage、ask、invite、expect等。
have的固定用法: have sb. /sth. doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事 have sth. done让某事被做 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
分词作宾语补足语: (1)现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行; (2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成; (3)常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: have、make、get、leave、find、see、notice、watch、hear、feel、want、like 等。
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 此处考查“leave sb. +宾语补足语”, 本句是被动语态, want是主语补足语, 根据句意, I与want之间在逻辑上是主动关系, 用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
【题型精练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is well-known for its long and amazing civilization. Many factors make it possible, one of 1 is the Chinese writing system.
Starting as a picture-based language, written Chinese dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells with 2 (carve) symbols on them. By the Shang Dynasty, the symbols had become a highly developed writing system. 3 time went by, a wide variety of dialects and characters came into being because of geographical 4 (difference). Later on, Emperor Qinshihuang united the Chinese people and culture, 5 (lead) to the singular (单一的) development of the writing system. As a result, Chinese people, regardless of location or dialect, now almost have no 6 (difficult) in communicating in writing.
Written Chinese also serves as a great way 7 (connect) China’s present with its past.Because of it, people can read the classic works written in ancient times. People think highly of the Chinese writing system 8 feel proud of the Chinese calligraphy, which is 9 art form enjoying great popularity now.
As China is becoming stronger and more powerful, recently, the number of international students learning Chinese 10 (increase) rapidly.
2
下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When the Library Cave, known as Cave 17 from the Mogao Cave Complex at Dunhuang, China, was opened in 1900, several tons of manuscripts (手稿) scrolls, booklets and paintings on silk and paper were found literally stuffed into it. These 11 (extreme) valuable writings were collected between 12 9th and 10th centuries CE, by Tang and Song Dynasty Buddhist monks who carved out the cave and then filled it 13 ancient and current manuscripts on topics ranging from religion and philosophy, history and mathematics, to folk songs and dance.
Cave 17 is only one of the 735 human-made 14 (cave) called Mogao Grottoes, 15 were dug into a loess cliff about 15 miles southeast of the town of Dunhuang in Gansu Province. Dunhuang’s long and glorious history reflects 16 (it) significance as a center of 17 (culture) and religious exchange. These caves 18 (dig) and maintained by Buddhist monks from 366 CE and were sealed and hidden about a thousand years ago. It was not until 1900 that they were rediscovered.
The Dunhuang Academy was set up in China in the 1980s, 19 (aim) to collect and preserve the manuscripts; the International Dunhuang Project (IDP) was formed in 1994 to bring the international scholars together 20 (work) jointly on the collections. The IDP has put many of the documents, images and translations online.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Can I ask a big favor ” a foreign prince asked a young Chinese craftsman standing behind a booth with various dough figurines (面人) 21 display. The prince invited the young man to make 22 extra figurine so that he could present it to each of his children after 23 (amaze) by the artistry involved in making dough figurines.
The young man, Lang Jiaziyu, 24 is a third-generation inheritor of Beijing “Dough Figurine Lang”, was born in 1995. The surname “Lang” is attached to the figurine as a traditional way in China 25 (convey) gratitude for the family’s contributions to the craft. Carrying on his family’s famous tradition of making dough figurines, Lang Jiaziyu is putting new creative ideas and cultural elements into the craft, ensuring 26 (it) popularity stays forever young.
The dough figurine 27 (initial) became well-known as a typical folk art found on the streets, which required speedy production. Within three to five minutes, a craftsman could finish a piece of work. The main ingredients are dough, honey and salt. With their simple and basic materials, quick production and small size, the dough figurines 28 (gain) popularity as unique cultural artworks in Beijing for many years. A great number of people have deep 29 (appreciate) for these small sculptures. They can 30 (use) for home decorations and children’s toys.
4
Since earliest times, people have dreamed of exploring the universe, but before the mid-20th century, it was considered 31 impossible dream. However, with the efforts of scientists, rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity 32 (make). In 1961, the USSR sent the first person into space. Then, American astronaut Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon, 33 was considered a giant leap for mankind.
Scientists tried 34 (ensure) the safety of the astronauts, but disasters still happened, which made everyone sad and 35 (disappoint). However, the man’s desire to explore the universe never died. This is 36 people believe in the importance of carrying on space 37 (explore) despite the huge risks.
China has made great progress in space programme in recent years. In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. More 38 (recent), China has sent Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and 39 (observation).
The future of space exploration remains bright. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe 40 (begin) , but also help us survive well into the future.
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Longjing tea, 41 (literal) meaning Dragon Well tea, is a variety of pan-roasted green tea that 42 (name) after its production region — Longjing Village of West Lake in Hangzhou, China. It is one of the most popular teas in China and is considered as “the Queen of Green Tea”. Nowadays, this tea is also known 43 (lower) blood pressure and help the body keep cholesterol (胆固醇) levels under control, thus 44 (reduce) the risk of heart attack.
Longjing tea has a history over 2000 years, but what makes it even more 45 (fame) is an emperor. A legend links the Qianlong Emperor to Longjing tea. It goes that during his visit 46 tea plantations in the area, he took an interest in the harvesting activities and even joined in. While picking the tea, he received word 47 his mother in Beijing was ill, and in a hurry to leave, he put the leaves he had picked into his sleeves (袖子). On his return, his mother smelled the leaves and asked for tea to be made from them. After drinking the tea, as the story goes, she made a full 48 (recover) and the emperor declared Longjing tea 49 cure for illness, increasing its popularity around the country. Afterwards, Longjing tea became better known as the head of all tea types in China and also 50 (title)as the “Gentleman of the Chinese Teas”.
6
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
Lantern festivals add magic to 51 (celebrate) and their designs are deeply inspired by traditional culture. Shortly after organizing the lantern carnival in Hong Kong on Sept 24, Wan Songtao and his team hurried back to their hometown of Zigong in Sichuan province, where another grand lantern show was on the cards.
“The older I grow, the more 52 (attach) I become to lantern making” the 54 year old craftsman tells China Daily Early in 53 morning, Wan went to inspect work at Chinese Lantern World, 54 on Sept 27 was transformed into an ocean of light and color by massive lanterns in the shape of humans, flowers, animals and buildings, made to celebrate both the Mid Autumn Festival 55 the National Day.
“For this lantern fair, we derived inspiration from ancient Chinese poems,” Wan says, adding that Tianshang Gongque (the moon palace), a centerpiece as well as one of 21 core lantern installations ( 装 置) at the fair, 56 (inspire) by Su Dongpo’s The Mid-Autumn Festival. The installation, which was composed of 19 palace style 57 (structure), stretched 270 meters and 58 (rise) high into the sky, drawing visitors’ eyes up to a “full moon”, a round LED screen showing Chang’e, goddess of the moon, flying toward her palace.
The eight-day holiday attracted over 210,000 visitors from around China to Zigong, a city which is 59 (remote) situated in the southwest of China but is home 60 one of the world’s best lantern shows.
