14.语法填空突破策略
(词形转换)
【题型总览】
在语法填空试题好，所给提示词为名词时, 通常考查可数名词的单数变复数, 名词的所有格或名词派生为形容词、动词等。当提示词为形容词或副词时, 需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时, 还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
【突破策略】
突破策略1 提示词为名词
1. 名词变复数
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
They also need to be ready to give________ (interview) in English with international journalists.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作宾语, 词性不需要改变, 应考虑名词复数形式。interview意为“采访”为可数名词, 其前没有冠词就应用复数形式。故填interviews。
2. 名词变动词或形容词的词缀
前缀/后缀 示 例
en- courage n. 勇气→encourage v. 鼓励
-en strength n. 力气→strengthen v. 加强
-ize apology n. 道歉→apologize v. 道歉
-al nature n. 自然→natural adj. 自然的
-y health n. 健康→healthy adj. 健康的
-ful help n. 帮助→helpful adj. 有帮助的
-ous danger n. 危险→dangerous adj. 危险的
-ive impression n. 印象→impressive adj. 印象深刻的
-ible access n. 进入, 使用权, 通道→accessible adj. 容易取得的
【真题示例1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现需要改变词性, 应考虑其形容词或动词形式。本空需修饰后面的名词soup, 作定语, 故填tasty。
【真题示例2】(2023·全国乙卷)
The________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【解答思路】分析句子成分可知, 空处为形容词修饰名词“development”。故填remarkable。
突破策略2 提示词为形容词或副词
1. 形容词变副词的规则
情 况 变化规则 示 例
一般情况 直接加-ly brave→bravely
双音节、多音节, 以-y结尾 变y为i, 再加-ly easy→easily happy→happily
单音节, 以-y结尾 直接加-ly dry→dryly shy→shyly
以-le结尾 去e加-y simple→simply gentle→gently
以元音字母+-e结尾 去e加-ly true→truly
以-ll结尾 只加-y full→fully dull→dully
以-ic结尾 加-ally basic→basically scientific→scientifically
【真题示例1】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
So, what are they learning _______ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【解答思路】
分析句子结构可知, 空处修饰空后整个句子, 应该用副词修饰, basic的副词形式是basically;位于句首, 首字母应大写。故填Basically。
【真题示例2】(2023·浙江高考·1月卷)
The term “hutong”, ________(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 空处修饰现在分词meaning, 需要用副词形式。故填originally。
2. 形容词变名词的后缀
后 缀 示 例
-age short adj. 短缺的→shortage n. 不足; 短缺
-cy fluent adj. 流利的→fluency n. 流利; 流畅
-dom wise adj. 聪明的→wisdom n. 明智; 智慧
-ence different adj. 不同的→difference n. 差异
-ness weak adj. 虚弱的→weakness n. 虚弱; 弱点
-th warm adj. 温暖的→warmth n. 温暖
-y difficult adj. 困难的→difficulty n. 困难
-ty safe adj. 安全的→safety n. 安全
-ity real adj. 真实的→reality n. 真实
3. 比较等级的常见结构
(1)句中含有than、much、any、far、still、even、a bit、a lot等时, 要用比较级。
(2)“the +比较级. . . , the +比较级”表示“越……越……”。
(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
(4)“the +比较级+of the two+名词复数”表示“两者中较……的那个”。
(5)“the +最高级+in (of, among). . . ”表示“在某范围内最……的”。
【真题示例1】(2023·浙江高考·1月卷)
Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________(simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
【解答思路】根据句子结构和and可知, 空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
【真题示例2】(2022·全国乙卷)
As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the________(large) tea-producing country. . .
【解答思路】根据空前的定冠词the和常识可知, 中国是最大产茶国, 所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
突破策略3 提示词为代词
牢记代词的句法功能
1. 人称代词: 人称代词的主格主要作主语; 宾格作宾语或表语。
2. 物主代词: 形容词性物主代词只能作定语;名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语或表语。
3. 反身代词: 作宾语、表语或同位语。
【真题示例1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of________ (they) contents.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作定语时, 应考虑用形容词性物主代词。本句空处修饰后面的名词contents, 作定语, 需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
【真题示例2】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ________(I).
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语时, 应考虑用代词的某种形式。根据句意“当这首歌响起, 这条漫长又蜿蜒的路就永远不会消失, 它将永远留在游客的记忆中, 也肯定留在我的记忆中”可知, 应用名词性物主代词。故填mine。
[典例展示3](2021·浙江6月高考)
She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
【解答思路】通过上文 “She was extremely pretty” 可知, 本句 “her house was a reflection of______” 意为“她的房子就是她自己的写照”, 故用she的反身代词形式。故填herself。
【题型精练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Northern Kenya is a vast, varied and breathtakingly beautiful landscape 1 you can find the “Towers of the Savanna” — reticulated (网纹的) giraffes. They are one of Africa’s most impressive and popular animals, and yet the 2 (adore) creatures are still little studied and not well understood. However, before we could begin to research into these giraffes, they are being threatened with 3 (extinct).
According to Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata, across Africa, all giraffe populations 4 (decline) by over 70 percent in the past 20 years from 36,000 to less than 9,000 today. The main 5 (element) behind the unpleasant situation appear to be illegal hunting, land degradation (恶化) and lack 6 habitat. The decrease led the IUCN Red List, an authoritative indicator of the health of the world’s biodiversity, to 7 (official) list giraffes as one of the endangered species in December 2016. 8 is now clear that they need conservation efforts.
To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks 9 (identify) and track the giraffes in conservation field sites. Citizen scientists are called to help researchers look through the tens of thousands of photos taken by cameras 10 (place) in strategic spots throughout the sites.
【答案】
1. where 2. adorable 3. extinction 4. have declined 5. elements 6. of 7. officially 8. It 9. to identify 10. placed
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚北部是非洲网纹长颈鹿的家园，但这一动物目前已濒临灭绝。一个名叫Wildwatch Kenya的机构正致力于这些动物的保护工作。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：肯尼亚北部是一片辽阔、多样、令人叹为观止的美丽景观，在那里你可以找到“稀树大草原之塔”——网状长颈鹿。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Northern Kenya，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在肯尼亚北部”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
2. 考查形容词。句意：它们是非洲最令人印象深刻和最受欢迎的动物之一，然而，人们对这种可爱的生物的研究仍然很少，也没有得到很好的理解。修饰名词creatures，用形容词adorable作定语，意为“可爱的”。故填adorable。
3. 考查名词。句意：然而，在我们开始研究这些长颈鹿之前，它们正面临灭绝的威胁。提示词作介词宾语，用名词extinction，意为“灭绝”，不可数名词。故填extinction。
4. 考查动态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata的数据，在整个非洲，长颈鹿的数量在过去的20年里减少了70%以上，从36000只减少到现在的不到9000只。decline(减少，下降)是句中谓语动词，与主语giraffe populations之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语in the past 20 years，描述从过去开始持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，复数形式。故填have declined。
5. 考查名词。句意：造成这种不愉快局面的主要因素似乎是非法狩猎、土地退化和缺乏栖息地。名词element意为“因素”，作主语，结合系动词appear形式可知，主语是复数名词。故填elements。
6. 考查介词。句意：造成这种不愉快局面的主要因素似乎是非法狩猎、土地退化和缺乏栖息地。lack of...是固定短语，意为“缺乏……”。故填of。
7. 考查副词。句意：长颈鹿数量的减少导致世界自然保护联盟红色名录(世界生物多样性健康状况的权威指标)于2016年12月正式将长颈鹿列为濒危物种之一。提示词修饰动词list，用副词officially作状语，意为“正式”。故填officially。
8. 考查代词。句意：现在很清楚，它们需要保护。“It be+adj.+that从句”是固定句型，其中It作形式主语，连词that引导主语从句。故填It。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更好地了解这里的野生动物，肯尼亚野生观察组织试图识别和追踪保护区的长颈鹿。seek to do是固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to identify。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：公民科学家被呼吁帮助研究人员查看由放置在各个地点的重要位置的摄像机拍摄的数万张照片。“(place) in strategic spots”作后置定语，place(放置)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语cameras之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填placed。
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the gentle winter sunlight, Gulangyu Island lies like a pearl in the ocean, quietly revealing 11 (it) unique charm. This small island is a witness 12 history. Every brick seems to tell stories of the past. 13 (original) named “Yuanshazhou” and also known as “Yuanzhouzi”, it 14 (refer) to as “Wulongyu” during the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, due to the sound resembling a drum, it was renamed “Gulangyu.” Famous for its natural landscapes and cultural heritage, Gulangyu boasts 15 (attraction) such as Sunlight Rock, Shuzhuang Garden, and more. Figures like Ba Jin and Lin Yutang found inspiration here, 16 (enrich) the island’s intellectual heritage.
During the winter, life here seems to slow down. In the early morning, it’s preferable to walk through the alleys 17 (surround) by European-style buildings. Breathing in the air filled with the smell of the sea 18 (bring) an extraordinary sense of freshness and joy. 19 walk to Sunlight Rock on the island offers a view of the entire city of Xiamen. In the afternoon, one can enjoy a rich cup of coffee in a cafe by the sea, 20 feels like being in a moving painting with the occasional fishing boat passing by. As the sun sets, the entire island is enveloped in a golden sunset. At this moment, Gulangyu becomes even more gentle and romantic.
【答案】
11. its 12. to 13. Originally 14. was referred 15. attractions 16. enriching 17. surrounded 18. brings 19. A 20. which
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鼓浪屿的历史以及景点等信息。
11. 考查代词。句意：在冬日柔和的阳光下，鼓浪屿像一颗明珠，静静地躺在大海里，展现着它独特的魅力。修饰名词charm，需用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
12. 考查介词。句意：这座小岛是历史的见证。a witness to为固定搭配，意为“……的见证者”。故填to。
13. 考查副词。句意：它原名“圆沙洲”，也被称为“圆舟仔”，在南宋时期被称为“五龙屿”。修饰动词named需用副词originally，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Originally。
14. 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意同上。根据时间状语“during the Southern Song Dynasty”可知，此处使用一般过去时，it和refer为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为it，be动词用was。故填was referred。
15. 考查名词。句意：鼓浪屿以其自然景观和文化遗产而闻名，拥有日光岩，菽庄花园等景点。根据“such as Sunlight Rock, Shuzhuang Garden, and more”可知，此处使用名词复数形式attractions，作宾语。故填attractions。
16. 考查非谓语动词。句意：巴金和林语堂等人物在这里找到了灵感，丰富了该岛的知识遗产。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Figures和enrich为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填enriching。
17. 考查非谓语动词。句意：清晨，最好在被欧式建筑包围的小巷中漫步。空处修饰名词the alleys，作后置定语，the alleys和surround为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
18. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：呼吸着充满大海气息的空气，会带来一种非凡的清新和喜悦。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语Breathing in the air filled with the smell of the sea，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填brings。
19. 考查冠词。句意：走到岛上的阳光岩，可以看到整个厦门市的景色。walk表示泛指，且walk发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填A。
20. 考查定语从句。句意：下午，可以在海边的咖啡馆里享受一杯浓郁的咖啡，偶尔有渔船经过，感觉就像在一幅移动的画中。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Wing Chun is a southern Chinese kung fu style descends from Shaolin Kung Fu. It has the distinction of having been founded by two women, Ng Mui and Yim Wing-chun.
The Wing Chun style is known for placing 21 (emphasize) on technique rather than strength. This style also calls for practitioners to stay relaxed while 22 (fight), allowing them to achieve a kind of softness or flexibility. This relaxed flexibility gives Wing Chun fighter 23 special kind of strength that allows them to bend, not break, just like bamboo.
Legend has it that Wing Chun founder Ng Mui was living at Shaolin Temple 24 it was attacked and destroyed by Qing dynasty forcers. Surviving the attack, she escaped 25 the border area between Yunnan and Sichuan. There she met a young woman 26 (name)Yim Wing-chun, who 27 (final) became one of her top students. She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, known as Wing Chun now. This new martial art 28 (spread) and grown into different branches over the past two hundred years.
Ip Man, featured in the eponymous (同名的) hit films, 29 (be) a notable practitioner of Wing Chun style martial arts. He also taught the Wing Chun style to his student, Bruce Lee, who would go on to act in the beloved Hong Kong kung fu movies 30 helped make Chinese martial arts famous around the world.
【答案】
21. emphasis 22. fighting 23. a 24. when 25. to 26. named 27. finally 28. has spread 29. was 30. that/which
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对咏春拳这一中国南方武术形式进行了介绍，包括其起源、发展、技术特点以及相关的历史人物。
21. 考查名词。句意：咏春拳风格以强调技术而不是力量而闻名。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，构成短语：place emphasis on，意为“强调……”，符合句意。故填emphasis。
22. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种风格也要求练习者在战斗时保持放松，使他们达到一种柔软或灵活。这里为状语从句的省略，完全形式为：while they are fighting，省略主语+be，用现在分词表示动作的同时发生。故填fighting。
23. 考查冠词。句意：这种放松的柔韧性赋予咏春拳运动员一种特殊的力量，使他们能够像竹子一样弯曲而不是折断。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。构成短语：a kind of，意为“一种……”。故填a。
24. 考查状语从句。句意：相传咏春拳创始人五枚师太正住在少林寺时，少林寺遭到清朝军队的袭击和摧毁。这里为状语从句的连接词，意为“当……时”，用连接词“when”。故填when。
25. 考查介词。句意：在袭击中幸存下来，她逃到了云南和四川的边境地区。根据句意可知，空处指的是“逃往……”，用介词to，构成短语：escape to，意为“逃到某地”。故填to。
26. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里，她遇到了一位名叫严咏春的年轻女子，她最终成为了她最优秀的学生之一。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a young woman”和动词“name”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填named。
27. 考查副词。句意：在那里，她遇到了一位名叫严咏春的年轻女子，她最终成为了她最优秀的学生之一。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词担当本句的状语。故填finally。
28. 考查时态。句意：在过去的两百年里，这种新的武术已经传播并发展成不同的分支。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past two hundred years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“this new martial art”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has spread。
29. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：叶问，同名热门电影中的主角，是一位著名的咏春拳练习者。这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“Ip Man”，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
30. 考查定语从句。句意：他还教他的学生李小龙咏春拳，李小龙后来出演了深受喜爱的香港功夫电影，这些电影使中国武术闻名世界。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Hong Kong kung fu movies”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填that/which。
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
German-born pandas arrive in Chengdu
Four-year-old panda twins Meng Xiang and Meng Yuan, the first giant pandas born in Germany, 31 (arrive) in Chengdu, Sichuan province, on December 17, the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding said.
After a farewell ceremony at Zoo Berlin earlier this month 32 (attend) by visitors, the pandas were put on a 33 (fly) to China on Saturday afternoon. Staff members from the German zoo accompanied the twins on the flight. “The birth of the first giant pandas in Germany was not only a 34 (personal) moving experience, but also a highlight in my professional career 35 a zoo veterinarian and zoo director 36 nothing will easily eclipse,” said Andreas Knieriem, the head of Zoo Berlin.
Born on Aug 31, 2019, the panda twins had their fourth birthday this summer. In 2017, the twins’ parents Meng Meng and Jiao Qing 37 (send) to Berlin from Chengdu, and were the only two giant pandas in Germany at 38 time. The twins have “brought Berliners and many tourists a lot of joy in recent years”, said Berlin Mayor Kai Wegner at the farewell ceremony. “It’s time 39 (say) goodbye.”
The zoo also launched a campaign to collect paintings and illustrations of the twin pandas. Fans in Germany sent their 40 (submit) this month, which were supplied to China along with the twins. This year, at least 17 pandas have been returned to China from overseas countries, including the United States, France and Japan.
【答案】
31. arrived 32. attended 33. flight 34. personally 35. as 36. that/which 37. were sent 38. the/that 39. to say 40. submissions
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了德国首批出生的大熊猫双胞胎回归中国，并介绍了相关事宜。
31. 考查动词时态。句意：成都大熊猫繁育研究基地称，12月17日，四岁的双胞胎大熊猫“梦想”和“梦圆”抵达四川成都，它们是第一对出生于德国的大熊猫。设空处作谓语动词，结合时间状语“on December 17”可知应用一般过去时，故填arrived。
32. 考查非谓语动词。句意：本月早些时候，在柏林动物园举行了有游客参加的告别仪式后，大熊猫于周六下午被送上了飞往中国的航班。“_____2_____ (attend) by visitors”作后置定语修饰名词短语a farewell ceremony，a farewell ceremony与动词attend之间是被动关系，应填过去分词attended。故填attended。
33. 考查名词。句意：本月早些时候，在柏林动物园举行了有游客参加的告别仪式后，大熊猫于周六下午被送上了飞往中国的航班。设空处应用名词作介词on宾语，应填名词flight“航班飞机；班机”，根据空前a可知设空处用名词单数形式。故填flight。
34. 考查副词。句意：柏林动物园负责人Andreas Knieriem说：“德国第一对大熊猫的出生不仅是我个人的一次感人经历，也是我作为动物园兽医和园长职业生涯中的一个亮点，没有什么能轻易超越它。”设空处修饰形容词moving，应用副词personally作状语。故填personally。
35. 考查介词。句意：柏林动物园负责人Andreas Knieriem说：“德国第一只大熊猫的出生不仅是我个人的一次感人经历，也是我作为动物园兽医和园长职业生涯中的一个亮点，没有什么能轻易超越它。”根据句意以及句子结构可知，设空处应填介词as“作为”。故填as。
36. 考查定语从句。句意：柏林动物园负责人Andreas Knieriem说：“德国第一只大熊猫的出生不仅是我个人的一次感人经历，也是我作为动物园兽医和园长职业生涯中的一个亮点，没有什么能轻易超越它。”分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代先行词a highlight，用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
37. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2017年，这对双胞胎的父母梦梦和娇庆从成都被送往柏林，是当时德国仅有的两只大熊猫。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，主语the twins’ parents Meng Meng and Jiao Qing与动词send构成被动关系，结合时间状语“In 2017”可知，空处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，be用were。故填were sent。
38. 考查限定词。句意：2017年，这对双胞胎的父母梦梦和娇庆从成都被送往柏林，是当时德国仅有的两只大熊猫。结合语境可知，“at _____8_____ time”指在上文所提到的2017年，设空处可以填定冠词the，特指上文时间，也可填指示限定词that表示“那时”，at the/that time 意为“当时，在那个时候”。故填the/that。
39. 考查非谓语动词。句意：是说再见的时候了。此句为固定句型“It is time to do sth.”，设空处应填动词不定式to say。故填to say。
40. 考查名词及其复数。句意：德国的粉丝们本月提交了他们的作品，这些作品与这对双胞胎一起提供给了中国。分析句子可知，空处应填名词submission，在句中作宾语，根据空前的“their”以及which引导的非限制性定语从句中were supplied可知，空处应用该名词的复数形式，故填submissions。
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
53-year-old Diarra Boubacar was welcomed by a hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan, as a specially 41 (invite) expert.
Boubacar was born in the African country of Mali, whose people found 42 difficult to get affordable healthcare. This was 43 Boubacar continued the family tradition of training to be a doctor. In 1984, he joined a government-sponsored program to study in China. In his freshman year, Boubacar 44 (earn) a grade as low as 40%. The frustrated man was not defeated by 45 hardship of learning the ancient Chinese language to read traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) 46 (classic), and he was gradually absorbed in TCM.
However, the greatest challenge he faced was to convince people that even though he was a foreigner, he could still treat them 47 (effective) with TCM. Fortunately, his fluency in Chinese got improved and it helped. In 1997, he became the first foreigner 48 (receive) a doctoral degree in acupuncture(针灸) from Chengdu University of TCM.
Besides his work, Boubacar has been helping patients in 49 (distance) villages in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. Due to his contributions in the community, where he has also been helping train village doctors in TCM, today Boubacar is known 50 “China’s barefoot doctor” and the “African Norman Bethune”.
【答案】
41. invited 42. it 43. why 44. earned 45. the 46. classics 47. effectively 48. to receive 49. distant 50. as
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自非洲的Diarra Boubacar在中国学习中医的经历以及运用中医帮助人们的事迹。
41. 考查非谓语动词。句意：53岁的Diarra Boubacar作为特邀专家受到四川成都一家医院的欢迎。根据句意，动词invite和expert之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填invited。
42. 考查代词。句意：Boubacar出生在非洲国家马里，那里的人民很难获得负担得起的医疗保健。“find it+adj.+to do...”为固定句型，it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。故填it。
43. 考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么Boubacar继续接受医生培训的家庭传统。分析句子结构，空处引导一个表语从句。根据句意，前文“Boubacar was born in the African country of Mali, whose people found 2 difficult to get affordable healthcare.”讲述的内容是他继续接受医生培训的家庭传统的原因，所以应用why引导。故填why。
44. 考查时态。句意：在大一的时候，Boubacar获得的成绩低至40%。根据句中的时间状语“In his freshman year”可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填earned。
45. 考查冠词。句意：这个受挫的人没有被学习古代汉语以便阅读中医经典的艰辛打败，他逐渐被中医吸引住了。根据hardship后的of短语可知，这里特指学习古代汉语以便阅读中医经典的艰辛，应用定冠词the。故填the。
46. 考查名词的数。句意参考上题。classic意为“经典作品，名著”，为可数名词，这里表示泛指，且空前没有表示数量的限定词修饰，所以应用名词复数。故填classics。
47. 考查副词。句意：然而，他面临的最大挑战是说服人们，即使他是外国人，他仍然可以用中医有效地治疗他们。空处应用副词修饰动词treat。effectively意为“有效地”。故填effectively。
48. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1997年，他成为第一个在成都中医药大学获得针灸博士学位的外国人。foreigner前面有the first修饰，其后应用不定式作后置定语。故填to receive。
49. 考查形容词。句意：除了工作，Boubacar一直在帮助四川省和云南省偏远村庄的病人。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰villages。distant意为“遥远的”。故填distant。
50. 考查介词。句意：由于他在社区的贡献，他也一直在社区帮助培训村里的中医，今天Boubacar被称为“中国的赤脚医生”和“非洲的诺尔曼·白求恩”。be known as意为“被称为”，为固定搭配。故填as。
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Tianzhou 7 robotic cargo ship is scheduled 51 (launch) in the coming days, according to the China Manned Space Agency. A Long March 7 carrier rocket, tasked with lifting the Tianzhou 7, has been moved to its launch service tower at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province.
Tianzhou 7 will become the 52 (twelve) spaceship to visit the Chinese space station. It will deliver propellants (推进剂), science payloads and necessities for the Shenzhou XVII astronauts, 53 have been in orbit for 81 days.
Pang Zhihao, an expert on space exploration technology said that the Tianzhou 7 54 (expect) to transport living necessities and work materials 55 the Tiangong to support the Shenzhou XVII and XVIII mission crews.
The Long March 7 model is a liquid-fueled rocket 56 (develop) by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. The rocket has a 57 (high) of 53.1 meters, a core-stage diameter of 3.35 meters, and a liftoff weight of 597 metric tons. With six 120-ton-thrust engines, the launch vehicle can send 13.5 tons of payload to a low-Earth orbit 58 5.5 tons to a sun-synchronous orbit.
59 (orbit) Earth at about 400 kilometers above the ground, Tiangong has three permanent parts — a core module and two science capsules — and is 60 (regular) connected to several visiting crew and cargo spaceships.
【答案】
51. to be launched 52. twelfth 53. who 54. is expected 55. to 56. developed 57. height 58. or 59. Orbiting 60. regularly
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国即将发射的天舟七号货运飞船的相关信息。
51. 考查非谓语动词。句意：据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，天舟七号货运飞船计划于近日择机发射。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做补语，描述主语的状态，使用非谓语动词，be scheduled to do为固定短语，含义为“按照计划做……”，因空白处与其逻辑主语The Tianzhou 7 robotic cargo ship之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用动词不定式的被动式，故填to be launched。
52. 考查数词。句意：天舟七号将成为第十二艘访问中国空间站的宇宙飞船。根据括号内提示可知空白处应填数词，根据空白处前面的定冠词the可知，空白处应填序数词，twelve为基数词，其序数词为twelfth，故填twelfth。
53. 考查定语从句。句意：它将为已经在轨道上飞行了81天的神舟十七号宇航员运送推进剂、科学有效载荷和必需品。分析句子结构，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为astronauts，指人，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。
54. 考查动词语态。句意：空间探测技术专家庞志浩说，天舟七号预计将向天宫运送生活必需品和工作物资，以支持神舟十七号和十八号任务组。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，空白处在宾语从句中作谓语，因与其主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，又因句子表示的是一个客观情况，从句谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词使用is。故填is expected。
55. 考查介词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，transport…to为固定短语，含义为“向……运输”，to是介词，故填to。
56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：长征七号是由中国运载火箭技术研究院研制的液体燃料火箭。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，因与其逻辑主语rocket之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填developed。
57. 考查名词。句意：该火箭高度53.1米，核心级直径3.35米，发射重量597公吨。根据空白处前面的不定冠词a可知空白处应填名词，high为形容词，其名词为height，a height of为固定短语，含义为“高度为”，故填height。
58. 考查连词。句意：该运载火箭有六个120吨推力的发动机，可将13.5吨有效载荷送入近地轨道，或将5.5吨有效载荷送往太阳同步轨道。根据上文“With six 120-ton-thrust engines, the launch vehicle can send 13.5 tons of payload to a low-Earth orbit(该运载火箭有六个120吨推力的发动机，可将13.5吨有效载荷送入近地轨道)”以及下文“5.5 tons to a sun-synchronous orbit(将5.5吨有效载荷送往太阳同步轨道)”可知，上下文之间为选择关系，应使用表示选择关系的连词，故填or。
59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：天宫在距地面约400公里的地方绕地球运行，有三个永久部件——一个核心舱和两个科学舱——并定期与几艘到访的机组人员和货运飞船相连。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语Tiangong之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填Orbiting。
60. 考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，修饰谓语动词，故填regularly。14.语法填空突破策略
(词形转换)
【题型总览】
在语法填空试题好，所给提示词为名词时, 通常考查可数名词的单数变复数, 名词的所有格或名词派生为形容词、动词等。当提示词为形容词或副词时, 需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时, 还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
【突破策略】
突破策略1 提示词为名词
1. 名词变复数
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
They also need to be ready to give________ (interview) in English with international journalists.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作宾语, 词性不需要改变, 应考虑名词复数形式。interview意为“采访”为可数名词, 其前没有冠词就应用复数形式。故填interviews。
2. 名词变动词或形容词的词缀
前缀/后缀 示 例
en- courage n. 勇气→encourage v. 鼓励
-en strength n. 力气→strengthen v. 加强
-ize apology n. 道歉→apologize v. 道歉
-al nature n. 自然→natural adj. 自然的
-y health n. 健康→healthy adj. 健康的
-ful help n. 帮助→helpful adj. 有帮助的
-ous danger n. 危险→dangerous adj. 危险的
-ive impression n. 印象→impressive adj. 印象深刻的
-ible access n. 进入, 使用权, 通道→accessible adj. 容易取得的
【真题示例1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现需要改变词性, 应考虑其形容词或动词形式。本空需修饰后面的名词soup, 作定语, 故填tasty。
【真题示例2】(2023·全国乙卷)
The________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【解答思路】分析句子成分可知, 空处为形容词修饰名词“development”。故填remarkable。
突破策略2 提示词为形容词或副词
1. 形容词变副词的规则
情 况 变化规则 示 例
一般情况 直接加-ly brave→bravely
双音节、多音节, 以-y结尾 变y为i, 再加-ly easy→easily happy→happily
单音节, 以-y结尾 直接加-ly dry→dryly shy→shyly
以-le结尾 去e加-y simple→simply gentle→gently
以元音字母+-e结尾 去e加-ly true→truly
以-ll结尾 只加-y full→fully dull→dully
以-ic结尾 加-ally basic→basically scientific→scientifically
【真题示例1】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
So, what are they learning _______ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【解答思路】
分析句子结构可知, 空处修饰空后整个句子, 应该用副词修饰, basic的副词形式是basically;位于句首, 首字母应大写。故填Basically。
【真题示例2】(2023·浙江高考·1月卷)
The term “hutong”, ________(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
【解答思路】分析句子结构可知, 空处修饰现在分词meaning, 需要用副词形式。故填originally。
2. 形容词变名词的后缀
后 缀 示 例
-age short adj. 短缺的→shortage n. 不足; 短缺
-cy fluent adj. 流利的→fluency n. 流利; 流畅
-dom wise adj. 聪明的→wisdom n. 明智; 智慧
-ence different adj. 不同的→difference n. 差异
-ness weak adj. 虚弱的→weakness n. 虚弱; 弱点
-th warm adj. 温暖的→warmth n. 温暖
-y difficult adj. 困难的→difficulty n. 困难
-ty safe adj. 安全的→safety n. 安全
-ity real adj. 真实的→reality n. 真实
3. 比较等级的常见结构
(1)句中含有than、much、any、far、still、even、a bit、a lot等时, 要用比较级。
(2)“the +比较级. . . , the +比较级”表示“越……越……”。
(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
(4)“the +比较级+of the two+名词复数”表示“两者中较……的那个”。
(5)“the +最高级+in (of, among). . . ”表示“在某范围内最……的”。
【真题示例1】(2023·浙江高考·1月卷)
Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________(simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
【解答思路】根据句子结构和and可知, 空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
【真题示例2】(2022·全国乙卷)
As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the________(large) tea-producing country. . .
【解答思路】根据空前的定冠词the和常识可知, 中国是最大产茶国, 所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
突破策略3 提示词为代词
牢记代词的句法功能
1. 人称代词: 人称代词的主格主要作主语; 宾格作宾语或表语。
2. 物主代词: 形容词性物主代词只能作定语;名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语或表语。
3. 反身代词: 作宾语、表语或同位语。
【真题示例1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of________ (they) contents.
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作定语时, 应考虑用形容词性物主代词。本句空处修饰后面的名词contents, 作定语, 需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
【真题示例2】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ________(I).
【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语时, 应考虑用代词的某种形式。根据句意“当这首歌响起, 这条漫长又蜿蜒的路就永远不会消失, 它将永远留在游客的记忆中, 也肯定留在我的记忆中”可知, 应用名词性物主代词。故填mine。
[典例展示3](2021·浙江6月高考)
She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
【解答思路】通过上文 “She was extremely pretty” 可知, 本句 “her house was a reflection of______” 意为“她的房子就是她自己的写照”, 故用she的反身代词形式。故填herself。
【题型精练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Northern Kenya is a vast, varied and breathtakingly beautiful landscape 1 you can find the “Towers of the Savanna” — reticulated (网纹的) giraffes. They are one of Africa’s most impressive and popular animals, and yet the 2 (adore) creatures are still little studied and not well understood. However, before we could begin to research into these giraffes, they are being threatened with 3 (extinct).
According to Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata, across Africa, all giraffe populations 4 (decline) by over 70 percent in the past 20 years from 36,000 to less than 9,000 today. The main 5 (element) behind the unpleasant situation appear to be illegal hunting, land degradation (恶化) and lack 6 habitat. The decrease led the IUCN Red List, an authoritative indicator of the health of the world’s biodiversity, to 7 (official) list giraffes as one of the endangered species in December 2016. 8 is now clear that they need conservation efforts.
To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks 9 (identify) and track the giraffes in conservation field sites. Citizen scientists are called to help researchers look through the tens of thousands of photos taken by cameras 10 (place) in strategic spots throughout the sites.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the gentle winter sunlight, Gulangyu Island lies like a pearl in the ocean, quietly revealing 11 (it) unique charm. This small island is a witness 12 history. Every brick seems to tell stories of the past. 13 (original) named “Yuanshazhou” and also known as “Yuanzhouzi”, it 14 (refer) to as “Wulongyu” during the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, due to the sound resembling a drum, it was renamed “Gulangyu.” Famous for its natural landscapes and cultural heritage, Gulangyu boasts 15 (attraction) such as Sunlight Rock, Shuzhuang Garden, and more. Figures like Ba Jin and Lin Yutang found inspiration here, 16 (enrich) the island’s intellectual heritage.
During the winter, life here seems to slow down. In the early morning, it’s preferable to walk through the alleys 17 (surround) by European-style buildings. Breathing in the air filled with the smell of the sea 18 (bring) an extraordinary sense of freshness and joy. 19 walk to Sunlight Rock on the island offers a view of the entire city of Xiamen. In the afternoon, one can enjoy a rich cup of coffee in a cafe by the sea, 20 feels like being in a moving painting with the occasional fishing boat passing by. As the sun sets, the entire island is enveloped in a golden sunset. At this moment, Gulangyu becomes even more gentle and romantic.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Wing Chun is a southern Chinese kung fu style descends from Shaolin Kung Fu. It has the distinction of having been founded by two women, Ng Mui and Yim Wing-chun.
The Wing Chun style is known for placing 21 (emphasize) on technique rather than strength. This style also calls for practitioners to stay relaxed while 22 (fight), allowing them to achieve a kind of softness or flexibility. This relaxed flexibility gives Wing Chun fighter 23 special kind of strength that allows them to bend, not break, just like bamboo.
Legend has it that Wing Chun founder Ng Mui was living at Shaolin Temple 24 it was attacked and destroyed by Qing dynasty forcers. Surviving the attack, she escaped 25 the border area between Yunnan and Sichuan. There she met a young woman 26 (name)Yim Wing-chun, who 27 (final) became one of her top students. She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, known as Wing Chun now. This new martial art 28 (spread) and grown into different branches over the past two hundred years.
Ip Man, featured in the eponymous (同名的) hit films, 29 (be) a notable practitioner of Wing Chun style martial arts. He also taught the Wing Chun style to his student, Bruce Lee, who would go on to act in the beloved Hong Kong kung fu movies 30 helped make Chinese martial arts famous around the world.
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
German-born pandas arrive in Chengdu
Four-year-old panda twins Meng Xiang and Meng Yuan, the first giant pandas born in Germany, 31 (arrive) in Chengdu, Sichuan province, on December 17, the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding said.
After a farewell ceremony at Zoo Berlin earlier this month 32 (attend) by visitors, the pandas were put on a 33 (fly) to China on Saturday afternoon. Staff members from the German zoo accompanied the twins on the flight. “The birth of the first giant pandas in Germany was not only a 34 (personal) moving experience, but also a highlight in my professional career 35 a zoo veterinarian and zoo director 36 nothing will easily eclipse,” said Andreas Knieriem, the head of Zoo Berlin.
Born on Aug 31, 2019, the panda twins had their fourth birthday this summer. In 2017, the twins’ parents Meng Meng and Jiao Qing 37 (send) to Berlin from Chengdu, and were the only two giant pandas in Germany at 38 time. The twins have “brought Berliners and many tourists a lot of joy in recent years”, said Berlin Mayor Kai Wegner at the farewell ceremony. “It’s time 39 (say) goodbye.”
The zoo also launched a campaign to collect paintings and illustrations of the twin pandas. Fans in Germany sent their 40 (submit) this month, which were supplied to China along with the twins. This year, at least 17 pandas have been returned to China from overseas countries, including the United States, France and Japan.
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
53-year-old Diarra Boubacar was welcomed by a hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan, as a specially 41 (invite) expert.
Boubacar was born in the African country of Mali, whose people found 42 difficult to get affordable healthcare. This was 43 Boubacar continued the family tradition of training to be a doctor. In 1984, he joined a government-sponsored program to study in China. In his freshman year, Boubacar 44 (earn) a grade as low as 40%. The frustrated man was not defeated by 45 hardship of learning the ancient Chinese language to read traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) 46 (classic), and he was gradually absorbed in TCM.
However, the greatest challenge he faced was to convince people that even though he was a foreigner, he could still treat them 47 (effective) with TCM. Fortunately, his fluency in Chinese got improved and it helped. In 1997, he became the first foreigner 48 (receive) a doctoral degree in acupuncture(针灸) from Chengdu University of TCM.
Besides his work, Boubacar has been helping patients in 49 (distance) villages in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. Due to his contributions in the community, where he has also been helping train village doctors in TCM, today Boubacar is known 50 “China’s barefoot doctor” and the “African Norman Bethune”.
6
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The Tianzhou 7 robotic cargo ship is scheduled 51 (launch) in the coming days, according to the China Manned Space Agency. A Long March 7 carrier rocket, tasked with lifting the Tianzhou 7, has been moved to its launch service tower at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province.
Tianzhou 7 will become the 52 (twelve) spaceship to visit the Chinese space station. It will deliver propellants (推进剂), science payloads and necessities for the Shenzhou XVII astronauts, 53 have been in orbit for 81 days.
Pang Zhihao, an expert on space exploration technology said that the Tianzhou 7 54 (expect) to transport living necessities and work materials 55 the Tiangong to support the Shenzhou XVII and XVIII mission crews.
The Long March 7 model is a liquid-fueled rocket 56 (develop) by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. The rocket has a 57 (high) of 53.1 meters, a core-stage diameter of 3.35 meters, and a liftoff weight of 597 metric tons. With six 120-ton-thrust engines, the launch vehicle can send 13.5 tons of payload to a low-Earth orbit 58 5.5 tons to a sun-synchronous orbit.
59 (orbit) Earth at about 400 kilometers above the ground, Tiangong has three permanent parts — a core module and two science capsules — and is 60 (regular) connected to several visiting crew and cargo spaceships.
