高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01-1定语从句高考真题百题专项训练(2-1)+答题卡(原卷版)
第一组：高考真题定语从句专项训练50题
姓名：__________ 班级: _________ 限时：40分钟 得分：____________
根据语境填上一个合适的词，使句意完整。
【考题1】（2024年浙江高考1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _______ will make them the most money.
【考题2】（2022年浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【考题3】（改编自2023年全国乙卷 改错）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ______ hair color looked just perfect.
【考题4】（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【考题5】（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
【考题6】（2020·海南卷）The Digital World is a set of volumes ______ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
【考题7】（2023 全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place_______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【考题8】（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【考题9】（改编自2022年天津卷第二次）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, for ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
【考题10】（改编自2021年天津卷第一次）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from________ we can learn without repeating them.
【考题11】（改编自2021年天津卷第二次）In the spring, a season ________ we are 1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
【考题12】（2020浙江6月卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ，through agriculture.
【考题13】（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【考题14】（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
【考题15】（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【考题16】【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
【考题17】（2023年全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【考题18】（改编自2020年天津卷第一次）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990’s, ________ he gave it to his grandson.
【考题19】（改编自2019年江苏卷）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
【考题20】（2020年新课标Ⅰ）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot . it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【考题21】（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【考题22】（2019年北京卷）The students benefiting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
【考题23】（2020年新课标Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
【考题24】（2020天津卷·第二次）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
【考题25】（改编自2019年天津卷）Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
【考题26】（改编自2015天津卷）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
【考题27】（改编自2007 陕西卷）Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
【考题28】 (改编自2013辽宁34) He may win the competition, in ________case he is likely to get into the national team.
【考题29】（2022年北京卷）That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of _______ are only good for one use.
【考题30】（2021.3 天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _____ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
【考题31】(改编自2011安徽卷)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
【考题32】（2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _____ opened in 1759.
【考题33】（2019年全国卷Ⅱ）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，______ she opened with her late husband Les.
【考题34】(改编自2020年江苏卷) Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
【考题35】（2019年全国卷III）They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【考题36】（改编自2019年全国卷III）In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment ______ is created for them.
【考题37】（2019年浙江卷6月）Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
【考题38】(2018年全国Ⅱ卷) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【考题39】(2018年浙江卷6月)Many westerners _____ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【考题40】（2017年新课标Ⅰ卷）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ______ is not good for the health.
【考题41】【2018年天津卷】 Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
【考题42】（改编自2017年新课标Ⅲ卷）But Sarah, _____ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.
【考题43】(2017年浙江卷) Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ______ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
【考题44】(2017年江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
【考题45】(2016年新课标Ⅰ卷) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _______ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【考题46】（2016年新课标Ⅲ卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
【考题47】(2015年广东卷)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ______ people from the towns met regularly.
【考题48】(改编自2007山东)The book was written in 1946, since_________ the education system has witnessed great changes.
【考题49】（改编自2016年江苏卷）Many young people, most of_________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
【考题50】（改编自2014江苏卷） The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _____ a good impression is a must.
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01-1定语从句高考真题百题专项训练(2-1)+答题卡
姓名：__________ 班级: _________ 限时：40分钟 得分：____________
第一组：高考真题定语从句专项训练50题（满分100分，每题2分，限时40分钟）
1 18 35
2 19 36
3 20 37
4 21 38
5 22 39
6 23 40
7 24 41
8 25 42
9 26 43
10 27 44
11 28 45
12 29 46
13 30 47
14 31 48
15 32 49
16 33 50
17 34高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01-2定语从句高考真题百题专项训练(2-1)(答案解析版)
第一组：高考真题定语从句专项训练50题
姓名：__________ 班级: _________ 限时：40分钟 得分：____________
根据语境填上一个合适的词，使句意完整。
【考题1】（2024年浙江高考1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _______ will make them the most money.
答案与解析：that/which。考查定语从句关系代词。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。【提示】此处的price为及物动词，意思是“为……定价；给（商店中的产品）标价”
【考例2】（2022年浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
答案与解析：that/who。考查定语从句关系代词作主语。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。
【考例3】（改编自2023年全国乙卷 改错）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ______ hair color looked just perfect.
答案与解析：whose。考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。
【考例4】（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
答案与解析：that/which。考查定语从句关系代词作主语。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词tool，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。句意：BMI（Body Mass Index身体质量指数）是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。
【考例5】（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
答案与解析：which或that。考查定语从句关系代词作主语。分析句子结构， used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。
【考例6】（2020·海南卷）The Digital World is a set of volumes ______ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
答案与解析：that/which。考查定语从句关系代词作主语。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。
【考例7】（2023 全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place_______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
答案与解析：which/that。考查定语从句关系代词。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导，不要一看到是地点的名词就想用关系副词where。故填which/that。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。
【考例8】（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案与解析：where。考查定语从句的关系副词。句中先行词为town，后面的定语从句是主系表结构，不缺成分，根据句意和先行词是指地点的名词看出所填的关系词在所引导的在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。
【考例9】（改编自2022年天津卷第二次）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, for ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
答案与解析：whom。考查定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构。根据句意和空白处前面的逗号可知空处所填的关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，先行词为人，故for后关系代词用whom。故填whom。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。
【考例10】（改编自2021年天津卷第一次）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from________ we can learn without repeating them.
答案与解析：which。考查定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构。分析句子可知先行词是名词past mistakes，from_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，由句中谓语动词can learn知道，要从过去的错误中学习，短语learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故填which。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。
【考例11】（改编自2021年天津卷第二次）In the spring, a season ________ we are 1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
答案与解析：when。考查定语从句关系副词。此处先行词是a season，后面的定语从句的成分比较完整，因此不可以用关系代词，结合句意看出引导词在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故填when。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。
【考例12】（2020浙江6月卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ，through agriculture.
答案与解析：in。考查介词在定语从句中的运用，即“介词+关系代词”结构。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句关系代词 that/which在从句中作宾语被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world，live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。
【考例13】（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案与解析：that。考查定语从句关系词。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，而从句缺少主语，代指先行词的关系词在从句作主语，用关系代词。先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。
【考例14】（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
答案与解析：that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句，不用which。故填that。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。
【考题15】（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
答案与解析：who。考查定语从句。通过对句子的结构和意义分析，根据空白处前的逗号提示可知此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为曹晟康（Cao Shengkang），指人，在从句中作主语，虽然关系代词that也可以代指人，但是that不引导非限制性定语从句，所以此处应用关系代词who引导。故填who。句意：在这次的1100公里的旅程中，因8岁时一次车祸失明的男子曹晟康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。
【考例16】【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
答案与解析：as。考查定语从句。根据句意和句子的结构看出是定语从句，再根据逗号看出是非限制性定语从句，不用that。先行词是指物的名词fable，依据关系代词引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，确定用关系代词as引导。故填as。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
【考例17】（2023年全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
答案与解析：which/that。考查定语从句关系代词作主语。根据句子的前后关系和句意判定是定语从句，先行词是指地点的名词place，这么典型的地点名词的出现很容易想当然的想到关系副词where，但是分析句子的成分会发现后面welcomes就是谓语动词，空白处需要的是一个主语，作主语的关系词是关系代词，尽管先行词为指地点的“a place”，由于关系词在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。
【考例18】（改编自2020年天津卷第一次）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990’s, ________ he gave it to his grandson.
答案与解析：when。考查定语从句关系副词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初才把它送给了孙子。
【考例19】（改编自2019年江苏卷）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
答案与解析：when。考查定语从句关系副词。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。句意是：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。
【考例20】（2020年新课标Ⅰ）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot . it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
答案与解析：where。考查定语从句关系副词。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。句意：由于月球的球体阻挡了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必须在月球上方的某个地点发射一颗卫星。它可以向宇宙飞船和地球发送信号。
【考例21】（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案与解析：where。考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。句中先行词为town，后面的定语从句是主系表结构，不缺成分，因此根据句意和先行词是指地点的名词看出所填的关系词在所引导的在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。
【考例22】（2019年北京卷）The students benefiting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
答案与解析：who。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_________are totally engaged in academic life.”是限定性定语从句，先行词为those(那些学生)，在从句中做主语。在定语从句中，先行词为those，指人时，用who来引导定语从句。故填who。
【考例23】（2020年新课标Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
答案与解析：whose。考查定语从句中作定语的关系代词。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，可以理解为“the artist’s paintings…”，故用关系代词whose表示“这位画家的……”。故填whose，关系代词引导限制性定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。这位艺术家的名声使他感到自豪。
【考例24】（2020天津卷·第二次）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
答案与解析：whose。考查定语从句关系代词。分析句子的结构和句意看出是定语从句，先行词是名词Dr. Rowan，根据定语从句的主语secretary与先行词之间的关系看出应该是“Dr. Rowan的秘书”，所以用作定语的关系代词whose，相当于of whom the secretary，或the secretary of whom。句意是：罗文博士所有的打字都得自己做，他的秘书两周前辞职了。
【考例25】（改编自2019年天津卷）Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
答案与解析：where。考查定语从句。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。，故用关系副词where。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。
【考例26】（改编自2015天津卷）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
答案与解析：where。本题考查定语从句的关系词，从句中缺少状语，atmosphere表示抽象地点的范畴，所以选择where。关系副词where除了可以指具体实在的地点、地方，也可以指抽象意义的地点，如state, condition, situation, job, atmosphere, stage, point, degree, case, job等。句意为：这个公司的老板在努力营造一个轻松的氛围，在这个轻松的氛围中，他的员工享受着他们的工作。
【考例27】（改编自2007 陕西卷）Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
答案与解析：where。根据句意和先行词case看出意思是“在这些案例中”，即in the cases，因此可以看出用in which可以， 换成一个关系副词where表示“在....地方”相当于in which，这是因为关系副词where可以表示某些抽象的地点。故填where。句意是：今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者不能正确使用语言的情况。
【考例28】 (改编自2013辽宁34) He may win the competition, in ________case he is likely to get into the national team.
答案与解析：which。考查“介词+which+名词”结构。该结构的which含有this或that的意思。短语in this/ that case的意思是“这样（那样）的话”，this/ that是指示代词，所以用关系代词which作定语，不用表示所属关系的whose。句意：他有可能赢得这次比赛，要是那样的话，他就有可能进入国家队。
【考例29】（2022年北京卷）That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of _______ are only good for one use.
答案与解析：which。考查定语从句。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只有一种用途。
【考例30】（2021.3 天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _____ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
答案与解析：where。考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故用关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。
【考例31】(改编自2011安徽卷)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
答案与解析：where。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。句意为：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。
【考例32】（2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _____ opened in 1759.
答案与解析：which/that。考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，虽然先行词是指地点的名词，但是关系词所指代的先行词在所引导的定语从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/ that引导。故填which/that。句意：例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。
【考例33】（2019年全国卷Ⅱ）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，______ she opened with her late husband Les.
答案与解析：which。考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，先行词与空白处的关系词被in Macclesfield隔开了，所填关系词在非限制性定语从句中作及物动词opened一词的宾语，引导非限制性定语从句不用that。故用which。句意是：现在艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天早上9点到下午5点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店里工作，这家店是她和已故丈夫莱斯一起开的。
【考例34】(改编自2020年江苏卷) Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
答案与解析：which。考查定语从句。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。
【考例35】（2019年全国卷III）They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
答案与解析：who/that。考查定语从句。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系代词填who,也可以用that。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。
【考例36】（改编自2019年全国卷III）In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment ______ is created for them.
答案与解析：that/which。考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。句意是：在咖啡厅里，顾客可以在为他们创造的历史环境中尽情享受。
【考例37】（2019年浙江卷6月）Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
答案与解析：that/which。考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。句意是：制服可以在意想不到的方面发挥作用。爱尔兰的一所学校推出了一种有趣的新校服。在夹克的边缘有一块布，可以在黑暗中发光。
【考题38】(2018年全国Ⅱ卷) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
答案与解析：that/which。考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。句意是：中国农业部发现，从2005年到2011年，化肥使用量减少了770万吨。2005年，中国政府启动了一项土壤测试项目，向农民提供具体的肥料建议。
【考题39】(2018年浙江卷6月)Many westerners _____ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
答案与解析：who/that。考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。句意是：许多来中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么便宜，就会比在自己的国家做饭少得多。
【考题40】（2017年新课标Ⅰ卷）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ______ is not good for the health.
答案与解析：which。考查非限制性定语从句。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。
【考题41】【2018年天津卷】 Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
答案与解析：whose。考查定语从句关系词。分析句子看出句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。
【考题42】（改编自2017年新课标Ⅲ卷）But Sarah, _____ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.
答案与解析：who。考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用关系代词who。句意是：不过，和顶级模特一起参加过秀的莎拉想要证明自己不仅美丽，而且聪明。她决心继续她的学业。
【考题43】(2017年浙江卷) Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ______ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
答案与解析：where。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少地点状语，先行词为the garden，表示地点，故填关系副词where。句意是：帕尔森和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能被扫到了一堆厨房垃圾里，并（和这些垃圾一起）落在花园里，直到花园里意外穿过戒指发芽的胡萝卜绿叶让它被发现。
【考题44】(2017年江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
答案与解析：whose。考查定语从句。先行词是＂the World Food Programme＂，＂世界粮食项目＂的目的之一是……，关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语，相当于its限定purposes，意思同one of its purposes...。句意是：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一是减轻世界范围内的饥饿。
【考题45】(2016年新课标Ⅰ卷) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _______ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
答案与解析：when。考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，缺少状语，先行词指时间，故填when。 句意是：但我与大熊猫的渊源要追溯到上世纪80年代中期我在一个电视节目上的日子，当时我是第一个获准拍摄照顾野外饥饿获救的大熊猫的特殊部门的西方电视记者。
【考题46】（2016年新课标Ⅲ卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
答案与解析：who。考查定语从句。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius(孔子)，定语从句中缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
【考题47】(2015年广东卷)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ______ people from the towns met regularly.
答案与解析：where。先行词the market是指地点的名词，定语从句不缺主要成分，因此用恭喜发财where在这里引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 the market。句意是：丰收的时候，他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。
【考题48】(改编自2007山东)The book was written in 1946, since_________ the education system has witnessed great changes.
答案与解析：when。考查定语从句。since then不是连词，不能引导从句，前后句子都有谓语动词，所以是两个句子，用连词连接。若该题填入since then，就会导致逗号分隔两个独立句子的错误，这种错误在英语中被称作run-on sentence （“连写句”）。如果将题目中的逗号改为分号或句号，或者加上并列连词and，那么句子空格处就可以并且只能填入since then了。根据句子的意思看出是指“自从那本书写的时候”，then指的就是in 1946，所以该用定语从句，since when引导定语从句，关系副词when指的就是先行词in 1946。故填关系副词when。句意是：那本书写于1946年，从那以来教育体制发生了很大变化。
【考题49】（改编自2016年江苏卷）Many young people, most of_________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
答案与解析：whom。考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是指人的名词Many young people，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，用指人宾格关系代词whom。故填whom。句意是：许多年轻人前往偏远地区追逐梦想，其中大多数受过良好教育。
【考题50】（改编自2014江苏卷） The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _____ a good impression is a must.
答案与解析：where。考查关系副词与关系代词的区别、关系副词之间的区别。从句的句子结构很完整，不缺主语、定语或表语，用关系副词，先行词work可以看作是抽象的地点。故填关系副词where。句意是：在日常交流中这本书对我帮助很大，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。
