【2024年中考最后20天冲刺必备攻略】英语(二)(含解析)

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名称 【2024年中考最后20天冲刺必备攻略】英语(二)(含解析)
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【2024年中考最后20天冲刺必备攻略】英语(二)
目 录 Contents
单项选择之非谓语动词篇 3
单项选择之句式篇 15
完形填空之人物故事类 37
完形填空之生活哲理类 68
完形填空之说明建议类 103
单项选择之非谓语动词篇
构成:to + 动词原形
动词不定式
作用:作除谓语外的任何成分
构成:v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)
动词的非谓语形式 分词
作用:表、定、状、补
构成:v.-ing
动名词
作用:主、宾、表、定
考点 用法
动词不定式(to do) ① 基本形式:to+动词原形 否定形式:not + to + 动词原形 ※ 有些情况下to要省略。 ② 句法功能:作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。 ③ 不定式和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个名词性从句。
动名词 ① 基本形式:动词原形 + -ing ② 句法功能:动名词主要起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。
动词不定式和动名词的区别 ① 有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式,又可跟动名词 作宾语,意义有所区别。 ② 有些动词后面只能跟动词不定式作宾语,有些则只能跟动名词作宾语。
一、非谓语动词的考查内容主要有动词不定式和动词-ing
两种形式。动词不定式主要考查其作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语及"疑问词+不定式"等的用法;动词-ing形式主要考查其作主语、表语、宾语、定语等用法。
二、分析近几年中考真题对非谓语动词的考查可以发现,动词不定式是高频考点,动名词为轮考点。对动词不定式的考查主要在单项填空中考查其作目的状语和固定搭配的用法。
1.(2023·四川甘孜·中考真题)Mike made faces to make his little brother __________.
A.laughs B.laugh C.to laugh D.laughing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:麦克做鬼脸让他的弟弟笑。
考查非谓语。make sb. do sth“让某人做某事”,空处用动词原形。故选B。
2.(2023·江苏南通·中考真题)________ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
A.Keeping B.Keep C.To keep D.To keeping
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了保持健康,我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。
考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知,饭前洗手和使用公筷是为了保持健康,应用动词不定式作目的状语,故选C。
3.(2023·湖南益阳·中考真题)—Why did you come to school so early today
—Oh, I arrived here at 7: 00 ________ for the test.
A.prepare B.preparing C.to prepare
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你今天为什么这么早就来上学?——哦,我七点到这里准备考试。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“I arrived here at 7: 00”的目的是“prepare for the test”,作目的状语用动词不定式。故选C。
4.(2023·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)________ down air pollution, we should walk or take the bus instead of driving.
A.Cut B.To cut C.Cutting
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了减少空气污染,我们应该步行或乘公共汽车而不是开车。
考查动词形式。根据“we should walk or take the bus instead of driving.”可知,减少空气污染是目的,用动词不定式表目的。故选B。
5.(2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades in a new year.
A.get B.getting C.to get
【答案】C
【详解】句意:同学们,祝你们好运,并祝你们在新的一年里取得好成绩。
考查非谓语动词。wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
6.(2023·湖北孝感·中考真题)—Safety is very important to all of us.
—I agree. We students should learn ________ ourselves in the daily life.
A.where to hold B.what to visit C.how to protect D.why to help
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——安全对我们所有人来说都非常重要。——我同意。我们学生应该学会如何在日常生活中保护自己。
考查疑问词+动词不定式。where to hold在哪里举行;what to visit参观什么;how to protect如何保护;why to help为什么帮忙。根据“ourselves in the daily life”可知此处应是指在日常生活中保护自己,应用动词protect表示“保护”。故选C。
7.(2023·湖南株洲·中考真题)Today, we must continue working ________ our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear.
A.keep B.to keep C.keeping
【答案】B
【详解】句意:今天,我们必须继续打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。
考查非谓语动词。根据“our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear”可知蓝天、碧水、净土是继续工作的目的,空格处应用动词不定式表目的。故选B。
8.(2023·福建·中考真题)It’s reported that China plans ________ astronauts to the moon before 2030.
A.send B.sending C.to send
【答案】C
【详解】句意:据报道,中国计划在2030年前将宇航员送上月球。
考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth“计划做某事”,为固定短语,故选C。
9.(2023·江苏扬州·中考真题)Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.
A.join B.joining C.to join D.to joining
【答案】C
【详解】句意:科学是我最喜欢的科目,所以我已经准备加入 STEAM俱乐部了。
考查非谓语动词。prepare to do sth“准备做某事”,固定短语,所以空处用动词不定式,故选C。
10.(2023·天津·中考真题)David learnt ________ when he was five.
A.swim B.swims C.swam D.to swim
【答案】D
【详解】句意:大卫五岁时学习游泳。
考查非谓语动词。learn to do sth“学习做某事”,为固定短语,故选D。
11.(2023·云南·中考真题)Today is Father’s Day, and I plan ________ a dinner for my father.
A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.prepare
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今天是父亲节,我打算为父亲准备一顿晚餐。
考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth“计划做某事”,为固定短语,故选A。
12.(2023·黑龙江·中考真题)We should avoid ________ a noise in the library.
A.make B.to make C.making
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们应该避免在图书馆里制造噪音。
考查动名词作宾语。根据“avoid”可知此处应用动词短语avoid doing sth表示“避免做某事”,因此应用动名词making作宾语。故选C。
13.(2023·湖南怀化·中考真题)Many people enjoy ______ zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.
A.making B.made C.to make
【答案】A
【详解】句意:许多人喜欢在端午节自己包粽子。
考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”,动名词作宾语,故选A。
14.(2023·四川达州·中考真题)—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ________ I have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ________ it again.
A.that, reading B.which, to read C.that, to read
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——《人世间》是我读过的最感人的书之一。——是的,这本书很棒,我期待着再读一遍。
考查定语从句和非谓语动词。第一处是定语从句,有最高级修饰先行词,只能用that,排除B;look forward to doing sth“期待做某事”。故选A。
15.(2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题)—Is Lucy in the classroom
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li ________.
A.to draw B.drawing C.draws
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——露西在教室里吗?——是的。她还在那儿看李老师画画。
考查非谓语动词。watch sb do sth看某人做某事(全过程或经常性);watch sb doing sth看某人正在做某事。根据“She is still there watching Mr. Li...”可知,是正在进行的动作,故选B。
16.(2023·四川达州·中考真题)The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs.
A.write, showing B.writing, show C.write, show
【答案】A
【详解】句意:老师们过去常常把重点写在黑板上,但现在他们已经习惯了通过PPT来展示。
考查非谓语动词。used to do sth.过去常常做某事,第一空应为动词原形write。get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事,第二空应为动名词showing。故选A。
17.(2023·四川泸州·中考真题)— What are you going to do this summer vacation
— I plan ________ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year-old lovely panda in Chengdu.
A.see B.saw C.seeing D.to see
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——这个暑假你打算做什么?——我计划去成都看一只将近3岁的可爱熊猫花花。
考查动词不定式。plan to do sth“计划做某事”,空格处为动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
18.(2023·湖南郴州·中考真题)—Are you going to read the book Journey to the West
—Yes. Our teacher expects us ________ such traditional Chinese books.
A.read B.reading C.to read
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你打算读《西游记》吗?——是的。我们老师希望我们读这样的中国传统书籍。
考查非谓语动词。expect sb to do sth“期待某人做某事”,所以此处使用动词不定式,故选C。
19.(2023·四川自贡·中考真题)—Mike, we are told not ________ the phone while crossing the street.
—I am sorry. I won’t do it again.
A.answering B.to answer C.answer
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——迈克,我们被告知过马路时不要接电话。——对不起。我不会再这样做了。
考查非谓语动词语。be told not to do sth“被告知不要做某事”,故选B。
20.(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)________the quality of PE classes, some schools put smart technology into use.
A.Improving B.To improve C.Improve D.Improved
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了提高体育课的质量,一些学校使用了智能技术。
考查非谓语。根据“the quality of PE classe”可知,为了提高体育课的质量,学校使用了智能技术,动词不定式作目的状语,故选B。
非谓语动词解题七大原则
原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式。
原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用-ing。
原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式,其区别是,一般用-ing,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。
原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用-ing的被动式。
原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。
原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式)。
原则七:用于名词后作定语时:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用-ing,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。
21.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—________ the key high school, I must study hard in less than three months.
—Good luck with your studies!
A.Enter B.To enter C.Entering
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——为了进入重点高中,我必须在不到三个月的时间里努力学习。——祝你学习顺利!
考查非谓语。分析句子结构可知,此处需用不定式表目的。故选B。
22.(2024·天津·一模)People often collect things ________ something important in their lives.
A.to remember B.remember C.remembering D.remembered
【答案】A
【详解】句意:人们经常收集东西来记住生活中重要的事情。
考查不定式结构作目的状语。根据“People often collect things...something important in their lives”可知,横线上是讲述收集东西的目的,所以是不定式结构to remember。故选A。
23.(2024·吉林白山·一模)Father won’t allow me ________ outside unless I wash up the dishes.
A.playing B.play C.to play
【答案】C
【详解】句意:爸爸不让我在外面玩,除非我把盘子洗了。
考查非谓语动词。playing动词的现在分词;play动词原形;to play动词不定式。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,为固定短语。故选C。
24.(2024·云南西双版纳·一模)Maria minds eating junk food, so she refuses ________ potato chips often.
A.to having B.having C.have D.to have
【答案】D
【详解】句意:Maria介意吃垃圾食品,所以她经常拒绝吃薯片。
考查非谓语动词。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”,应用动词不定式to have作宾语。故选D。
25.(2024·甘肃陇南·二模)Bonnie is new here, so she decided ________ an after-school club to make some friends.
A.joining B.join C.to join D.joined
【答案】C
【详解】句意:邦妮是新来的,所以她决定参加一个课后俱乐部来交一些朋友。
考查非谓语动词。join“参加”,根据“decided”可知,考查decide to do sth“决定做某事”,因此设空处填不定式。故选C。
26.(2024·四川达州·一模)—I don’t know how to draw.
—Don’t worry. I’ll show you ________.
A.what to do it B.how to do C.how to do it
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我不会画画。——不要担心。我来告诉你怎么做。
考查疑问词与不定式的用法。do是及物动词,可用what to do或how to do it。结合“I don’t know how to draw.”可知用how to do it。故选C。
27.(2024·甘肃武威·二模)Michael Jackson ________ as “King of Pop” was announced dead on June 25th, ________ the world.
A.regarded, surprised B.who regarded, surprising
C.regarded, surprising D.was regarded, surprising
【答案】C
【详解】句意:被视为“流行之王”的迈克尔杰克逊,在六月二十五日,被宣布死亡,全世界震惊了。
考查非谓语动词。第一空,表达的是“被认为……”,句中已经有“was announced”谓语动词,所以这里应该用regarded过去分词做定语,相当于定语从句who was regarded as...;第二空,表达结果是“震惊了全世界”,表主动,这里作结果状语,应该用现在分词,故选C。
28.(2024·四川成都·一模)—Who is the man ________
—Oh, he is Mr. Green, an English teacher.
A.talked with Mary B.talks with Mary C.talking with Mary
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——和玛丽说话的那个男人是谁? ——哦,是格林先生,一名英语老师。
考查非谓语形式。talk with Mary与玛丽交谈。分析题干可知,该句谓语动词为is,此处是表示“正在跟玛丽说话的人”,主语与talk之间是主动关系,应用该动词短语的现在分词形式,作后置定语。故选C。
29.(2024·甘肃武威·一模)When I was walking past his room, I hear him ________ piano.
A.playing B.to play C.to play the D.playing the
【答案】D
【详解】句意:当我路过他的房间时,我听到他在弹钢琴。
考查非谓语动词和定冠词。hear sb. do sth.“听到某人做某事”,强调动作的全过程;hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行;路过房间时听到的动作应是正在进行,所以此句应为hear sb. doing sth.结构;又因为“弹钢琴”是play the piano,表示乐器的名词前需要加定冠词the。故选D。
30.(2024·甘肃武威·一模)It’s 8:00 p.m. now. There must be lots of old people _________ in the square.
A.dance B.dancing C.are dancing D.danced
【答案】B
【详解】句意:现在是晚上8点。在广场上一定有很多老人在跳舞。
考查非谓语。根据“It’s 8:00 p.m. now. There must be lots of old people…in the square.”可知,此处应是介绍在晚上8点这个时刻,广场上的人正在做的事情,应用现在分词dancing作定语修饰old people。故选B。
31.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)—Are there many students ________ about the Mid-term Star Awards after class
—Yes, of course.
A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——课后有很多学生谈论期中星光奖吗?——是的,当然。
考查非谓语动词。分析题干可知,问句中已经包含谓语动词are,所以空格处是非谓语动词;结合选项,主语students和动词talk之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应用动词talk的现在分词作后置定语。故选C。
32.(2024·甘肃武威·二模)—Dad, my computer doesn’t work.
—I will get it ________ tomorrow.
A.repair B.to repair C.repaired D.repairing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——爸爸,电脑不工作了。——我明天修理一下它。
考查非谓语动词。it指代前文提到的computer,与repair构成被动关系,所以此处用get sth done表示“某物被……”,故选C。
33.(2024·黑龙江双鸭山·一模)Nowadays, people can get more information about the goods through the QR code (二维码) ________ on the card.
A.is printed B.printed C.that printed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:现在,人们通过印在卡片上的二维码可以获取更多有关该商品的信息。
考查非谓语动词。根据“the QR code (二维码) ... on the card.”可知,the QR code与print之间是动宾关系,且本句不缺少谓语,因此用过去分词作定语,修饰the QR code。故选B。
34.(2024·甘肃武威·一模)Tom, your hair is too long. Would you please get your hair __________
A.cut B.to cut C.cutting D.cuts
【答案】A
【详解】句意:汤姆,你的头发太长了。请你把头发剪一下好吗?
考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语动词,your hair和cut之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词,构成get sth. done“使某物被做”的结构。故选A。
35.(2022·辽宁抚顺·模拟预测)—I didn’t enjoy myself at the party. I just felt _________.
—Well, maybe there were too many people at the party.
A.left out B.to leave out C.leaving out D.be left out
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我在聚会上玩得不开心。我只是觉得被冷落了。——嗯,也许派对上的人太多了。
考查过去分词作表语。leave out“遗漏,省去”;根据“I didn’t enjoy myself at the party.”可知,说话人在聚会上感觉不开心,觉得自己被忽略了;主语“I”与“leave out”为被动关系,feel为感官动词,后可接过去分词作表语。故选A。
36.(2024·吉林四平·一模)My father always gets up early ______ the first bus to go to work.
A.to catch B.catching C.catch
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我父亲总是早起赶第一班去上班的公共汽车。
考查非谓语动词。根据“gets up early...the first bus to go to work”可知,是指早起是为了赶第一班去上班的公共汽车,应用动词不定式表目的。故选A。
37.(2024·四川成都·二模)________ the PE test, students at our school have been working hard at it for long.
A.Pass B.To pass C.Passing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了通过体育考试,我们学校的学生已经努力了很长时间。
考查动词不定式作目的状语。Pass通过,动词;To pass动词不定式;Passing动词现在分词/动名词。根据语境可知,我们学校的学生已经努力了很长时间,目的是为了通过体育考试,空处需填动词不定式,作目的状语。故选B。
38.(2024·甘肃陇南·一模)—Our teacher often advises us ________ the habit of making notes while reading.
—It can be helpful for us to understand what we have read.
A.to develop B.develop C.developing D.developed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我们的老师经常建议我们养成读书时做笔记的习惯。——这对我们理解所读的内容会很有帮助。
考查动词不定式。根据“Our teacher often advises us...the habit”可知,此处应是advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”,空处是不定式to develop。故选A。
39.(2024·江苏南通·一模)________ the Museum’s 90th year, Nanjing Museum displayed more than 200 valuable treasures in 90 groups.
A.Celebrate B.Celebrating C.To celebrating D.To celebrate
【答案】D
【详解】句意:为了庆祝南京博物馆建馆90周年,南京博物馆分90组展出了200多件珍贵文物。
考查动词不定式。由题干可知,“为了庆祝南京博物馆建馆90周年”,动词不定式表目的。故选D。
40.(2024·云南红河·一模)—Lingling, I’d love to go bike riding with you, but I have some homework ________.
—If you don’t go, neither will I.
A.finishing B.to finish C.finished D.finish
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——玲玲,我很想和你一起去骑自行车,但我还有一些作业要完成。——如果你不去,我也不去。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选B。
41.(2024·湖南怀化·一模)My mother asked you ________ when you come back .
A.to ring her up B.ring her up C.to ring up her
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我妈妈让你回来后给她打电话。
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。ask sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语;ring sb. up意为“给某人打电话”,人称代词要放在中间,故选A。
42.(2024·上海普陀·二模)We hope __________ anything unpleasant from happening.
A.prevent B.to prevent C.preventing D.prevented
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们希望防止任何不愉快的事情发生。
考查非谓语。prevent阻止,原形;to prevent不定式;preventing动名词;prevented过去式。hope to do“希望做某事”,故选B。
43.(2024·山东滨州·一模)It’s really important ________ and give love and joy to people around us.
A.sharing B.share C.to share D.shares
【答案】C
【详解】句意:向我们周围的人分享和给予爱和快乐真的很重要。
考查非谓语动词。It’s important to do sth.“做某事是重要的”,是固定句型,此处用动词不定式作主语。故选C。
44.(2024·湖北武汉·一模)We should often review our notes after class to avoid ________ the same mistakes.
A.make B.to make C.made D.making
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们应该经常在课后复习笔记,以避免犯同样的错误。
考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,动名词作宾语。故选D。
45.(2024·甘肃武威·二模)I enjoy ________ history books in my free time.
A.read B.reading C.reads D.to read
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我喜欢在空闲时间阅读历史书籍。
考查非谓语动词。read阅读,动词原形;reading阅读,动名词或现在分词;reads阅读,动词三单;to read阅读,动词不定式。根据“enjoy”可知,enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”,所以空处使用动名词作宾语。故选B。
46.(2024·上海青浦·二模)When the police asked the doorkeeper about the theft, he denied ________ any stranger.
A.to see B.seeing C.see D.saw
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当警察向看门人询问盗窃案时,他否认看到任何陌生人。
考查非谓语动词。根据“denied”可知,deny doing sth“否认做某事”,因此设空处填动名词seeing。故选B。
47.(2024·上海松江·二模)Sara is used to ________ a glass of water when she gets up in the morning.
A.drink B.drinks C.drinking D.drank
【答案】C
【详解】句意:萨拉习惯早上起床时喝一杯水。
考查非谓语。drink喝,动词原形; drinks喝,第三人称单数;drinking喝,现在分词或动名词; drank喝,过去式。根据句意和“is used to”可知,此处指萨拉习惯早上起床时喝水,考查短语be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”,to为介词,后接动名词。故选C。
48.(2024·河北·一模)There must be many people ________ at the bus station now.
A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait
【答案】C
【详解】句意:现在一定有很多人在汽车站等车。
考查非谓语。there be sb doing sth“有人正在做某事”,用现在分词作定语。故选C。
49.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)—Be quick! There is little time ________ before the film starts.
—OK. Let’s go now.
A.leaving B.to leave C.leaves D.left
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——快!电影开始前剩下的时间不多了。——好的。我们现在就走吧。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子,空格处应用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语,表示已经完成的动作与被修饰词之间构成被动关系,left 意为 “剩下的” 。故选D。
50.(2024·湖南怀化·一模)Nowadays, people can get more information about the goods through the QR code (二维码) ________ on the card.
A.is printed B.printed C.that printed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如今,人们可以通过印在卡片上的二维码获得更多的商品信息。
考查非谓语。根据“the QR code (二维码) ... on the card.”可知,the QR code与print之间是动宾关系,且本句不缺少谓语,因此用过去分词作定语,修饰the QR code。故选B。
单项选择之句式篇
简单句 感叹句:What +(a/an)+ adj. + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语! How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语!
并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成,它们同等重要且没有从属关系。 ① 表示顺承关系的并列连词有and,not only...but (also)等。 ② 表示选择关系的并列连词有or,either…or…等。 ③ 表示转折关系的并列连词有but,yet,however 等。 ④ 表示因果关系的并列连词有so。 ※ 中考对并列句的考查主要集中在其连接词上,考生在备战2022中考时要注意这些并列连词的用法。
复合句 宾语从句 ① 引导词:that(可省略),if,whether,who,whose,what等。 ② 语序:宾语从句都要使用陈述语序。 ③ 时态:a. 主句若是现在时,从句可根据实际需要用各种时态; b. 主句若是过去时,从句也应该用过去时; c. 从句叙述的是客观事实、格言等时,用一般现在时。 ④ 当主句的主语为I或we,谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等时,否定应前移。 ※ 宾语从句是中考的必考点,备战2023中考时考生必须牢固掌握其引导词、语序及时态的用法。
定语从句 ① 定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词; ② 常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词有where,when,why等; ③ 关系代词和关系副词起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 ※ 备战2023中考时考生尤其要注意定语从句关系代词和关系副词的用法区别,中考一般从此方面设题。
状语从句 ① 时间状语从句(常用的引导词有when / while / before / after / until(till) / since等); ② 条件状语从句(常用的引导词有if / unless等); ③ 原因状语从句(常用的引导词有because / as / since 等); ④ 结果状语从句(常用的引导词有so…that… / such…that…,so后接形容词或副词;such后接名词); ⑤ 目的状语从句(常用的引导词有so that / in order that等); ⑥ 让步状语从句(常用的引导词有though / although / even if / even though等,though或although引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用) ⑦ 比较状语从句(常用的引导词有than,as…as…,not as…as…等)。 ※ 备战2023中考时考生必须把每一种用法都记住并灵活运用。尤其要注意状语 从句的时态及引导词。
特殊句式 倒装句 ① So does / is he与So he does / is:上文提到某人做了某事或处于某种状态(肯 定句),这时要表达另一个人也这样,要用So does/is he;若只是表达对第一句内容的强调,则要用so he does/is,so=indeed,表示"确实,的确"。 ② Neither / Nor does/is he与Neither / Nor he does / is:上文提到某人没有做某事 或处于某种状态(否定句),这时要表达另一个人也没有,要用Neither / Nor does/is he;若只是表达对第一句内容的强调,则要用Neither / Nor he does / is。 ※ 倒装句虽然不是每年必考,但也常有涉及,考生在备考时主要注意以上这两 种的用法即可。
祈使句 祈使句没有主语,常表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。 ① 肯定形式:a. 行为动词原形+其他成分; b. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等); c. Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。 ② 否定形式:a. Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分; b. Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等); c. Let开头的祈使句,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的 名词或代词后面加not;Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s后加not。 ※ 备战2023中考时考生要注意祈使句的肯定及否定形式,尤其要注意Let开头 的祈使句的否定表达。
1.(2023·云南·中考真题)He has failed many times, ________ he never loses heart.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他失败了很多次,但他从未灰心。
考查连词辨析。and和;but但是;or或者;so因此。前后句之间是转折关系,需用转折连词but。故选B。
2.(2023·四川内江·中考真题)Jim’s father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday.
A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.主语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:吉姆的爸爸在他生日那天给他买了一个书包。
考查句子成分。buy sb sth“给某人买某物”,人作间接宾语,物作直接宾语。故选C。
3.(2023·湖南湘西·中考真题)— ________ do you usually go to bed
—At 10 o’clock.
A.While B.What time C.How often
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你通常几点睡觉?——十点钟。
考查特殊疑问句。while当;what time什么时候;how often多久一次。根据“At 10 o’clock”可知此处询问时刻,疑问词用what time。故选B。
4.(2023·吉林长春·中考真题)_______ less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep.
A.Spend B.Spending C.To spend D.Spent
【答案】A
【详解】句意:晚上少花点时间在电话上,否则你会发现很难入睡。
考查祈使句。根据“... less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep.”可知此处是“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构,祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。
5.(2023·辽宁阜新·中考真题)________ exciting news! They won the football match at last.
A.What B.How C.What a D.What an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:多么让人兴奋的新闻!他们最终赢得了足球比赛。
考查感叹句。感叹句的中心词是news,不可数名词,用What引导感叹句,句型为“What+adj+不可数名”。故选A。
6.(2023·江苏南通·中考真题)________ it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park!
A.How amazing day B.How an amazing day
C.What amazing day D.What an amazing day
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在世界公园里看到世界的主要景点是多么美妙的一天啊!
考查感叹句。句子是感叹句,中心词是可数名词单数day,用感叹句结构:What a/an adj. n.+主谓。故选D。
7.(2023·黑龙江·中考真题)—It was the Dragon Boat Festival last Thursday. I watched the boat races by the lake.
—________, but I didn’t see you there.
A.So did I B.So I did C.Neither did I
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——上周四是端午节,我在湖边看了龙舟比赛。——我也是,但是我在那儿没有看见你。
考查倒装句。“so+助动词+主语”的结构表示“某人也一样”;“so+主语+助动词”的结构表示“某人确实如此”;“neither+助动词+主语”的结构表示“某人也一样没有”。根据“but I didn’t see you there.”可知说话者也去看了龙舟比赛,用So did I表示“我也去看了”。故选A。
8.(2023·湖南湘西·中考真题)—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________
—Next Friday.
A.when will the dentist come back
B.when the dentist will come back
C.how will the dentist come back
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——对不起,你能告诉我牙医什么时候回来吗?——下周五。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除AC。故选B。
9.(2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—I wonder ________.
—Yes, it tastes really good.
A.who likes eating zongzi
B.if this kind of zongzi is delicious
C.where I can buy this kind of zongzi
D.how much we should pay for this kind of zongzi
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我想知道这种粽子好吃吗。——好吃,味道很好。
考查宾语从句。who likes eating zongzi谁喜欢吃粽子;if this kind of zongzi is delicious这种粽子是否好吃;where I can buy this kind of zongzi我在哪里可以买到这种粽子;how much we should pay for this kind of zongzi这种粽子我们该付多少钱。根据答语“Yes, it tastes really good.”可知,想知道这种粽子是否好吃,故选B。
10.(2023·西藏·中考真题)—Could you tell me ________
—Sure. I will show you the steps.
A.how can I pay online B.what can I pay online
C.how I can pay online D.what I can pay online
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我怎么在网上支付吗 ——当然可以。我将向您展示这些步骤。
考查宾语从句。题干设空处是宾语从句,宾语从句为陈述句语序,故排除A和B;再根据“Sure. I will show you the steps.”可知,是询问如何网上支付,用how作引导词。故选C。
11.(2023·湖北襄阳·中考真题)—I wonder ________.
—There is a new parking lot across the street from here.
A.where I can park my car
B.where can I park my car
C.how long I should park my car
D.how long should I park my car
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我想知道我能把车停在哪里。——在这条街对面有一个新的停车场。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除BD;根据“There is a new parking lot across the street from here”可知此处询问在哪里停车,用where引导宾语从句。故选A。
12.(2023·内蒙古·中考真题)Our teacher asks us to read newspapers every day ________ we can find out what’s going on around the world.
A.so that B.even though C.in order to D.as soon as
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们的老师让我们每天读报,这样我们就可以了解世界各地发生了什么。
考查连词辨析。so that以便于;even though即使;in order to为了;as soon as一……就。“Our teacher asks us to read newspapers every day”的目的是“we can find out what’s going on around the world.”,且空后是从句,用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
13.(2023·江苏常州·中考真题)As we live in a rapidly developing world, we will be left behind ________ we keep learning.
A.unless B.if C.after D.though
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们生活在一个快速发展的世界里,除非我们不断学习,否则我们将被落在后面。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;if如果;after在……之后;though虽然。“we keep learning”是“we will be left behind”的否定条件,用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。
14.(2023·江苏南通·中考真题)________ you can’t work out the problem, perhaps you need to ask your classmates for help.
A.Unless B.Though C.Since D.Whether
【答案】C
【详解】句意:既然你解不出这道题,也许你需要向你的同学求助。
考查连词辨析。Unless除非;Though尽管;Since既然,由于;Whether是否。“you can’t work out the problem”是向同学求助的原因,用Since引导原因状语从句。故选C。
15.(2023·湖南湘西·中考真题)Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story ________ I have ever read.
A.who B.where C.that
【答案】C
【详解】句意:《愚公移山》是我读过的最好的故事。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是story,关系词在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句。故选C。
16.(2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A.who B.whom C.which D.whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意:一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,故选A。
17.(2023·西藏·中考真题)Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China at present.
A.which B.who C.what D.where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:苏炳添是目前中国跑得最快的运动员。
考查定语从句。根据语境,题干设空后是一个定语从句,先行词指人,空处作主语,因此应用who作关系词。故选B。
18.(2023·辽宁阜新·中考真题)The woman astronaut ________ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang.
A.which B.whose C.who D.whom
【答案】C
【详解】句意:给我们在太空上上了一课的女宇航员叫刘洋。
考查定语从句。先行词是The woman astronaut,是人,且在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句。故选C。
19.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Who is the hero in your mind
—Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探).
A.where B.which C.who
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你心目中的英雄是谁?——黄大年。他是一位帮助中国在深海勘探方面取得巨大进展的科学家。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,故选C。
20.(2023·青海·中考真题)A best friend is a person _________ is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
A.whom B.whose C.who
【答案】C
【详解】句意:最好的朋友是当你需要他或她时总是在那里的人。俗话说:“患难见真情。”
考查定语从句关系词。根据“a person ... is always there when you need him or her”可知此处是定语从句,先行词指人且在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句。故选C。
宾语从句记忆口诀 学习宾从三注意,时态语序和连词。 时态主从要呼应: 主句若为现在时,从句时态随句意; 主句若为过去时,从句时态变过去; 宾从若是表真理,时态不变无质疑。 语序要用陈述序,切莫照搬疑问句。 that连接陈述句,省与不省要注意。 从句若表"是否"时,if/whether要谨记。 特殊问句作宾语,仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题需牢记,切莫丢东忘了西。
感叹句记忆口诀 感叹句,并不难,what与how应在前。 形容词、副词跟着how,what后面名词连。 名词若是可数单,前带冠词a或an。 主语、谓语放后面,省略它们也常见。
祈使句记忆顺口溜 祈使句,祈使句, 请求、命令或建议。 主语是you常省去, 动词原形开头住。 否定形式要注意, 句首要把Don’t加。
1.(2024·上海金山·二模)Amy likes to go to the cinema, she doesn’t like to see horror films.
A.or B.so C.but D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Amy喜欢看电影,但是她不喜欢看恐怖电影。
考查连词辨析。or或者;so所以;but但是;for为了。根据“Amy likes to go to the cinema”以及“she doesn’t like to see horror films”可知,前后表示转折,应该用but连接。故选C。
2.(2024·上海松江·二模)My friend and I are interested in doing yoga, ________ neither of us is good at it.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我和我的朋友对瑜伽很感兴趣,但我们两都不擅长。
考查连词词义辨析。but但是;and和;so因此;or或者。根据空前后句的句意可知,此处句意发生了转折。故选A。
3.(2024·河北石家庄·一模)Hurry up, ________ you will miss the first bus to your school.
A.so B.or C.and D.but
【答案】B
【详解】句意:快点,否则你会赶不上去学校的第一班公共汽车。
考查连词。so因此;or否则;and和;but但是。根据“Hurry up…you will miss the first bus to your school.”可知,此处表示快点,否则就会赶不上去学校的第一班公共汽车。故选B。
4.(2024·四川内江·三模)Can you give me some suggestions
A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.形式主语 D.真正主语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你能给我一些建议吗?
考查句子成分。分析句子可知,you作主语;give作谓语;me作间接宾语;some suggestions作直接宾语。故选A。
5.(2024·陕西西安·三模)There ________ a number of sports events in our school next month. We can’t wait ________ them.
A.will have; to see B.will be; to see C.will have; seeing D.will be; seeing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下个月我们学校将有多项体育赛事。我们等不及要去看。
考查there be句型的一般将来时用法及不定式用法。根据“next month”可知,第一句时态为一般将来时,there be句型的一般将来时结构:there will be或there is/are going to be,故排除A和C。固定搭配can’t wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待地要做某事”,故第二个空填to see。故选B。
6.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—Excuse me, I come to Harbin for the first time. Could you tell me ________
—Sure, you can take the subway Line 1.
A.how do I get to the 962 Hospital
B.which is the way to the 962 Hospital
C.where is the 962 Hospital
【答案】B
【详解】句意:对不起,我第一次来哈尔滨。你能告诉那个是去962医院的路?——当然,你可以乘坐地铁1号线。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句应是陈述句语序,排除AC。故选B。
7.(2024·江苏无锡·一模)—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________
—Sure. Look at the label. It’s made in Zhe Jiang.
A.whose is that sweater B.where the sweater is made
C.what’s the sweater made of D.which sweater do you like best
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——打扰了,您能告诉我这件毛衣是哪里产的吗?——当然。看看这个标签。它是浙江制造。
考查where引导的宾语从句。根据“could you please tell me”可知后接宾语从句,从句采用陈述语序,排除A和D;根据“It’s made in Zhe Jiang.”可知,询问的是关于产地的问题,应用where来引导宾语从句。故选B。
8.(2024·江苏南京·一模)—I want to know ________.
—Maybe Kexiang Alley is a good place to go.
A.why I can buy some tasty Nanjing snacks
B.how can I buy some tasty Nanjing snacks
C.when can I buy some tasty Nanjing snacks
D.where I can buy some tasty Nanjing snacks
【答案】D
【详解】——我想知道在哪里可以买到一些美味的南京小吃。——也许科巷是个好去处。
考查宾语从句与情景交际。why I can buy some tasty Nanjing snacks为什么我能买到好吃的南京小吃;how can I buy some tasty Nanjing snacks我怎样才能买到一些美味的南京小吃;when can I buy some tasty Nanjing snacks什么时候能买到好吃的南京小吃;where I can buy some tasty Nanjing snacks我在哪里可以买到好吃的南京小吃。根据答句“Maybe Kexiang Alley is a good place to go.”可知,此空指的是“地点”,故选D。
9.(2024·吉林松原·一模)—Can you tell me ________
—I bought it at the book store near my school.
A.where did you buy the book B.where you bought the book C.when you bought the book
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我你在哪里买的书吗?——我在学校附近的书店买的。
考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,空格处为宾语从句,应用陈述句语序,排除选项A;又根据“I bought it at the book store near my school.”可知,是问在哪里买的书,故选B。
10.(2024·福建福州·二模)—Mr. Li told us to listen to a speech in the school hall this afternoon. Do you know ________
—It’s about how to better communicate.
A.what the speech is about B.who will give the speech C.why the speech will be given
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——李先生让我们今天下午在学校礼堂听演讲。你知道这个演讲是关于什么的吗?——它是关于如何更好地沟通的。
考查宾语从句。根据“It’s about how to better communicate.”可知是询问“讲座的内容”,应用“what”引导宾语从句。故选A。
11.(2024·天津·一模)— Do you know _______
— In the gym.
A.when we will hold the sports meeting B.when did we hold the sports meeting
C.where we will hold the sports meeting D.where will we hold the sports meeting
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你知道我们将在哪里举行运动会吗?——在体育馆。
考查宾语从句。根据回答“In the gym.”可知,此处应是询问地点,疑问词应用where,故排除选项A和B;空处应填入宾语从句,用陈述句语序,C是陈述句语序,D为疑问句语序。故选C。
12.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—Could you please tell me ________
—At the city music hall.
A.when the concert will start
B.where will the concert be held
C.where the concert will be held
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我音乐会在哪里举行吗?——在城市音乐厅。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除B;根据“At the city music hall”可知此处询问地点,用where引导宾语从句。故选C。
13.(2024·湖北武汉·二模)The famous poem “All are past and gone; we look to this age (时代) for truly great men.” tells us ________.
A.how can we become great men B.how confident the writer was
C.why do we have to value the time D.whom it was written to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:那首著名的诗“俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。”告诉我们作者有多自信。
考查宾语从句和常识。how can we become great men我们怎样才能成为伟人呢;how confident the writer was作者有多自信;why do we have to value the time我们为什么要珍惜时间;whom it was written to诗是写给谁的。分析句子结构可知,此处考查宾语从句,从句应用陈述语序,排除A和C;根据“All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.”可知,这是伟大领袖的诗句,反映了伟人坚定的自信和伟大的抱负。故选B。
14.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—Have you seen the movie Article 20 (第二十条) during the spring festival in 2024
—Yes. It is ________ a wonderful film ________ I have seen it many times.
A.so; that B.such; that C.too; to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你看过2024年春节档的电影《第二十条》吗?——看过。这是一部如此精彩的电影,我已经看过很多次了。
考查状语从句。so…that如此……以至于;such…that如此……以至于;too…to太……而不能。根据“It is…a wonderful film…I have seen it many times.”可知是指这是一部如此精彩的电影,我已经看过很多次了。结合“a wonderful film”可知符合结构such a/an+adj.+n.+that引导的结果状语从句,故选B。
15.(2024·江苏南京·一模)—Do you have a good time in China, Jerry
—I feel very much at home, ________ I’ve only been here for one month.
A.because B.though C.since D.until
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——杰瑞,你在中国过得愉快吗?——虽然我到这里才一个月,但我感到很自在。
考查连词辨析。because因为;though虽然;since由于;until直到。根据“I feel very much at home”以及“I’ve only been here for one month.”可知,应说“虽然”我到这里才一个月,但我感到很自在。故选B。
16.(2024·天津·一模)________ he was tired, he went on working.
A.So B.Though C.Because D.As
【答案】B
【详解】句意:虽然他很累,但他继续工作。
考查连词辨析。So所以;Though虽然;Because因为;As因为。根据“he was tired, he went on working.”可知,句子前后是让步关系,用though引导让步状语从句。故选B。
17.(2024·江苏扬州·一模)______ clean energy has already been used in our daily life, global warming will continue for a long time after CO emission peak.
A.Because B.Though C.If D.Unless
【答案】B
【详解】句意:虽然清洁能源已经被用于我们的日常生活中,但是在二氧化碳排放达到峰值后,全球变暖仍将会持续很长时间。
考查连词词义辨析。Because因为;Though尽管;If如果;Unless除非。此处Though引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”。故选B。
18.(2024·河北邯郸·一模)You won’t fully understand the movie ________ you watch it from the very beginning to the end.
A.because B.unless C.as long as D.as soon as
【答案】B
【详解】句意:除非你从头到尾看完,否则你不会完全理解这部电影。
考查连词辨析。because因为;unless除非;as long as只要;as soon as一……就……。根据“You won’t fully understand the movie ... you watch it from the very beginning to the end.”可知,你不会完全理解这部电影的内涵,除非你把它从头看到尾,用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。
19.(2024·青海海东·一模)World of Plainness is a great novel ________ always cheers me up when I’m down.
A.that B.what C.who
【答案】A
【详解】句意:《平凡的世界》是一本伟大的小说,总是在我沮丧的时候让我振作起来。
考查定语从句。that无实际意义;what什么;who谁。本句是定语从句,空处在句中作主语,且先行词是a great novel,指物,所以关系词用that或which。故选A。
20.(2024·湖北武汉·一模)The earth is the planet ________ provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it.
A.whose B.who C.what D.that
【答案】D
【详解】句意:地球为我们提供了我们所需要的一切,新鲜空气,清洁的水等等。保护它是我们的责任。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是planet,关系词在从句中作主语,用that引导定语从句。故选D。
21.(2024·甘肃武威·二模)Behind each door ________ you open are chances to learn new things.
A.that B.what C.when D.where
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在你打开的每一扇门后面都有学习新事物的机会。
考查定语从句。that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后,引出从句;what什么;when什么时候;where什么地方。根据空前和空后结构可知,此处空后句子“you open”为定语从句修饰名词“door”,此空作open的宾语,指代door,故选A。
22.(2024·吉林长春·一模)His speech at the graduation ceremony is the best one ________ I’ve ever heard.
A.which B.that C.who D.whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他在毕业典礼上的演讲是我听过的最好的一次。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是the best one,关系词在从句中作宾语,且先行词有最高级修饰,用that引导定语从句。故选B。
23.(2024·四川成都·二模)The wallet is not the only thing ________ I lost.
A.which B.that C.what
【答案】B
【详解】句意:钱包不是我丢失的唯一东西。
考查定语从句。which哪个;that那个;what什么。which“哪一个”引导定语从句的时候,指物,作主语或宾语;that“那个”引导定语从句的时候,指人,指物,可以作主语也可以作宾语;what不能引导定语从句。空格前面的词语是thing,先行词前面有the only修饰,这时候必须用that来引导定语从句。故选B。
24.(2024·江苏徐州·一模)Four Springs is a documentary film ______ tells a family’s daily life in the small town in Guizhou in Southwest China.
A.where B.who C.which D.when
【答案】C
【详解】句意:《四个春天》是一部纪录片,讲述了中国西南部贵州一个小镇上一个家庭的日常生活。
考查定语从句。此处含定语从句,先行词是物,引导词在从句中作主语,故选C。
25.(2024·四川成都·二模)Great changes ________ took place in my hometown make me so proud.
A.that B.who C.where
【答案】A
【详解】句意:家乡发生的巨大变化让我感到骄傲。考查定语从句关系词辨析。that关系代词,先行词为人或事物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;where关系副词,先行词为表示地点的名词,在从句中作地点状语。根据“changes”可知,先行词为事物,从句中缺少主语,关系词需用that。故选A。
26.(2024·吉林松原·一模)—Does your mother go to work by bus or on foot
—________, because our home is only five minutes’ walk from her workplace.
A.Yes, she does B.By bus C.On foot
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你妈妈上班是坐公交车还是步行?——走路,因为我们家离她的工作地点只有五分钟的步行路程。
考查选择疑问句和情景交际。Yes, she does是的;By bus坐公交车;On foot走路。根据“because our home is only five minutes’ walk from her workplace”可知是走路去上班,故选C。
27.(2024·吉林长春·一模)________ safe in the coming summer vacation, and don’t go swimming alone in the river.
A.Keep B.Keeps C.To keep D.Keeping
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在即将到来的暑假里要注意安全,不要一个人去河里游泳。
考查祈使句。分析句子可知,句子是“祈使句, and 陈述句”,祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。
28.(2024·北京海淀·一模)Remember to do warm-up exercise before swimming, ________ you may get hurt.
A.so B.and C.but D.or
【答案】D
【详解】句意:游泳前记得做热身运动,否则你可能会受伤。
考查连词词义辨析。so因此;and那么;but但是;or否则。分析可知,此处用“祈使句+or+陈述句”表示结果,其中or表示“否则”。故选D。
29.(2024·甘肃武威·一模)________ your manners! We are eating in a nice restaurant.
A.Mind B.Minding C.To mind D.Minded
【答案】A
【详解】句意:注意你的举止!我们在一家很好的餐厅吃饭。
考查祈使句。此句为祈使句,应以动词原形开头。故选A。
30.(2024·江苏南通·一模)—________ unforgettable experience I had in Harbin Ice and Snow World!
—I’m glad you had a good time.
A.What an B.What C.How an D.How
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我在哈尔滨冰雪大世界的经历是多么难忘啊!——我很高兴你玩得很开心。
考查感叹句。根据“...unforgettable experience I had in Harbin Ice and Snow World!”可知,此句应为what引导的感叹句,结构为:what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语,experience“经历”可数名词,unforgettable是以元音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词an修饰。故选A。
31.(2024·江苏南京·一模)—Do you know David got full marks in the PE test
—Good for him! exciting the news is!
A.How B.How an C.What D.What an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你知道David在体育考试中得满分了吗?——他考得很好!多么令人兴奋的消息!
考查感叹句用法。根据“...exciting the news is!”可知,本句的中心词是exciting,为形容词,the news“消息”为主语,符合“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”的结构,需用how来引导。故选A。
32.(2024·甘肃陇南·一模)—I didn’t go to the park yesterday evening.
—________. I had to wash clothes.
A.So did I B.Neither did I C.Of course D.Great
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——昨天晚上我没有去公园。——我也没有。我得洗衣服。
考查部分倒装。So did I我也一样;Neither did I我也没有;Of course当然;Great太棒了。根据“I had to wash clothes.”可知,此处是指“我”也没有去公园,neither“也不”,为否定含义,位于句首要用部分倒装。故选B。
33.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—A nice handbag! Could you tell me ______
—On Taobao.
A.when you bought it B.where you will buy it C.where you bought it
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 多么漂亮的一个手提包啊!你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗?——在淘宝上。
考查宾语从句。tell缺少直接宾语,此处用宾语从句,根据“A nice handbag!”可知,买包是过去发生的动作,用一般过去时,排除B;再由“On Taobao.”可知,是询问在哪里买的,排除A,此处用where引导宾语从句。故选C。
34.(2024·北京大兴·一模)—Could you tell me ________
—She went there to do volunteer work.
A.why did Miss Sun go to Xinjiang B.why Miss Sun went to Xinjiang
C.when did Miss Sun go to Xinjiang D.when Miss Sun went to Xinjiang
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我孙小姐为什么去新疆吗 ——她去那里做志愿者工作。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“疑问词+主语+谓语”,故排除A和C;由“She went there to do volunteer work.”可知,此处问的是原因,排除D。故选B。
35.(2024·北京通州·一模)—Do you know ________ last winter
—Because the scenery was beautiful and the people were friendly.
A.why did many people travel to Harbin B.why do many people travel to Harbin
C.why many people travelled to Harbin D.why many people travel to Harbin
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你知道为什么去年冬天那么多人去哈尔滨旅游吗?——因为那里的风景很美而且人很好。
考查宾语从句的语序和时态。do you know是疑问句形式,是主句,后面接的是宾语从句,从句要用陈述句语序,排除A、B;根据last winter可知时态为一般过去时,排除D。故选C。
36.(2024·湖北武汉·一模)Tina doesn’t tell me when she ________. I’ll call you as soon as she ________.
A.will come, comes B.will come, will come
C.comes, will come D.comes, comes
【答案】A
【详解】句意:蒂娜没有告诉我她什么时候来。她一来我就给你打电话。
考查动词时态。根据“Tina doesn’t tell me when she”可知,此处是宾语从句,主句是一般现在时,从句动作还未发生,用一般将来时will do;根据“I’ll call you as soon as she”可知,空二处是as soon as引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时,主语是she,动词用三单comes。故选A。
37.(2024·云南昭通·一模)—A train crash happened in Ohio several days ago.
—That was really bad news. People all wondered ________.
A.that why it happened B.what caused the terrible accident
C.how did the government help D.how many people are killed in the crash
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——几天前,俄亥俄州发生了一起火车相撞事故。 ——这真是个坏消息。人们都想知道是什么导致了这场可怕的事故。
考查宾语从句。that why it happened为什么它会发生;what caused the terrible accident什么导致了这场可怕的事故;how did the government help政府是如何帮助的;how many people are killed in the crash在这场相撞事故中多少人遇害了。根据“People all wondered”可知,此处考查宾语从句,引导词“that”和“why”不能同时使用,所以A选项错误;从句需要用陈述句语序,所以C选项错误;主句为一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态,所以D选项错误;B选项符合语境,故选B。
38.(2024·江苏无锡·一模)—The beautiful private garden attracted a number of visitors last month. Have you heard of it
—Sure. It’s a pity it is closed now. I wonder ________.
A.how soon will it be pen to the public
B.how soon it will be open to the public
C.how long will it be open to the public
D.how long it will be open to the public
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——上个月,这个美丽的私家花园吸引了许多游客。你听说过吗?——当然。真遗憾,它现在关门了。不知道要多久才能对公众开放。
考查宾语从句。根据“I wonder”可知,后跟宾语从句,从句用陈述句语序,排除A、C选项;how long多久,主要是对一段时间进行提问;how soon多久以后,主要用于对表示将来的一段时间进行提问。根据“It’s a pity it is closed now.”可知,此处是想知道它多久之后对公众开放,用how soon引导宾语从句。故选B。
39.(2024·江苏南京·一模)This famous saying “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. ” tells us ________.
A.how should we behave B.who we can learn from
C.why do we need teachers D.what we can say in public
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“三人行,必有我师焉”这句名言告诉我们可以向谁学习。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除A、C;根据“When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers”可知此句意为“三人行,必有我师焉”,即我们要向别人学习,用who引导宾语从句。故选B。
40.(2024·吉林白山·一模)—Did you find your dog
—Yes,it was sleeping under my bed________I was looking for it everywhere.
A.while B.since C.unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你找到你的狗了吗?——是的,当我到处寻找它的时候,它正在我的床下睡觉。
考查while引导时间状语从句。根据答句中的“it was sleeping...”及“I was looking for ...”可知,“它在床下睡觉”和“我正在寻找它”两个动作是同时发生的,应该用过去进行时。故选A。
41.(2024·北京海淀·一模)Lisa ________ the Summer Palace twice since she came to Beijing.
A.visits B.visited C.has visited D.was visiting
【答案】C
【详解】句意:自从丽莎来北京后,已经参观颐和园两次了。
考查现在完成时。该句为since引导的时间状语从句,主句应用现在完成时,谓语结构为have/has+过去分词。故选C。
42.(2024·江苏扬州·一模)You never really knew a man ________ you stood in his shoes and walked around in them.
A.since B.as C.until D.if
【答案】C
【详解】句意:直到你站在一个人的立场上,你才会真正了解他。
考查连词辨析。since自从,既然;as当……时候,由于,正如;until直到;if如果。根据空前后的句子可知,此处主从句符合结构not…until“直到……才”,主句否定词为“never”,故选C。
43.(2024·江苏泰州·一模)—May I enter the laboratory
—No, it’s only open to teachers and students ________ you own a school ID card.
A.since B.unless C.until D.if
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我可以进实验室吗?——不,它只对老师和学生开放,除非你有学生证。
考查连词辨析。since自从;unless除非,如果不;until直到;if如果。根据“you own a school ID card”可知,此句是前一句的否定条件,如果没有学生证的话,就不能进入实验室,unless符合题意。故选B。
44.(2024·云南西双版纳·一模)We can’t enter the teacher’s office ________ we knock at the door first.
A.though B.unless C.while D.if
【答案】B
【详解】句意:除非我们先敲门,否则不能进入老师的办公室。
考查连词辨析。though尽管; unless除非;while在……期间;if如果。根据“We can’t enter the teacher’s office...we knock at the door”可知,除非敲门,否则不能进,用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。
45.(2024·福建福州·一模)It can be difficult to fly a kite ________ there is a wind.
A.unless B.once C.if
【答案】A
【详解】句意:除非有风,否则放风筝很难。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;once一旦;if如果。后句是前句的否定条件,需要用unless引导条件状语从句,故选A。
46.(2024·四川成都·二模)You’ll miss the train ________ you catch the Didi car right now!
A.as if B.even if C.only if
【答案】B
【详解】句意:即使你现在赶上滴滴的车,你也会错过火车的!
考查从属连词辨析。as if好似,引导方式状语从句;even if即使,引导让步状语从句;only if只要,引导条件状语从句。根据句意可知,空后从句“you catch the Didi car right now”是一种假设,表示让步,其想表达的意思是即使你现在赶上滴滴的车,你也会错过火车的。故选B。
47.(2024·河北廊坊·一模)You will succeed in the end ________ you give up halfway.
A.because B.although C.if D.unless
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你最终会成功的,除非你半途而废。
考查连词辨析。because因为;although尽管;if如果;unless除非。“你半途而废”是“你最终会成功”的否定条件,用unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。
48.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)—The pear and orchid blossoms in Santai Mountain Forest Park are so beautiful that I can’t wait to see them.
—Let’s go if it __________ tomorrow.
A.won’t rain B.doesn’t rain C.will rain D.rains
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——三台山森林公园里的梨花和兰花太美了,我都等不及要去看了。——如果明天不下雨,我们就去看。
考查条件状语从句。根据“that I can’t wait to see them.”以及“if it…tomorrow.”可知,应该说如果不下雨,就去看。该句是if引导的条件状语从句,从句使用一般现在时,主语是it,否定句借助助动词doesn’t。故选B。
49.(2024·北京通州·一模)Chinese people prefer the color red during the Spring Festival ______ they think red can bring good luck.
A.so B.because C.but D.or
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国人在春节期间更喜欢红色,因为他们认为红色能带来好运。
考查连词辨析。so所以;because因为;but但是;or或者。根据“they think red can bring good luck.”可知,因为他们觉得红色能带来好运气,所以更喜欢红色。故选B。
50.(2024·河北邯郸·一模)David, be more active in class ________ you can improve yourself quickly.
A.or B.so that C.unless D.although
【答案】B
【详解】句意:大卫,在课堂上要积极一点,这样你就能很快提高自己。
考查连词辨析。or否则;so that为了,以便;unless除非;although尽管。根据题干可知,“在课堂上要积极一点”是为了“很快提高自己”,应用so that引导目的状语从句,故选B。
51.(2024·西藏昌都·一模)Tina is ________ nervous ________ she can’t talk in front of the class.
A.such; that B.too; to C.so; that D.such; to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Tina太紧张了以至于她不能在全班面前讲话。
考查结果状语从句。too...to “太……而不能做某事”,to后跟动词,第二空后是句子,故排除;such/so...that表示“如此……以至于……”,that后跟从句,so修饰形容词或副词,such修饰名词。第一空后是形容词nervous,所以用so修饰。故选C。
52.(2022·江苏无锡·二模)— Can Jimmy help us with the problem
— Yes, his promise is ________ gold. Trust him!
A.as long as B.as good as C.as well as D.as much as
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——吉米能帮我们解决这个问题吗?——是的,他的承诺非常可靠。相信他!
考查as … as同级比较。as long as只要;as good as与……一样好;as well as也;as much as多达。根据下文“Trust him!”提示,此处指的是他的承诺非常可靠,as good as gold意为“十分可靠”,符合句意,故选B。
53.(2024·甘肃武威·一模)The movie is ________ interesting ________ I have watched it twice.
A.enough; to B.such; that C.too; to D.so; that
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这部电影太有趣了,我已经看了两遍了。
考查结果状语从句。adj. enough to do足够……做某事;such a/an adj.n. that如此……以至于;too adj./adv. to do sth.太……而不能;so adj./adv. that如此……以至于。根据“interesting...I have watched it twice”可知电影是如此有趣,以至于已经看了两遍,用so...that引导结果状语从句。故选D。
54.(2024·江苏连云港·一模)Article 20 (《第二十条》) is __________ a wonderful film that I have watched it twice.
A.such B.very C.quite D.so
【答案】A
【详解】句意:《第二十条》是一部如此精彩的电影,我已经看了两遍了。
考查副词辨析。such那样的;very非常;quite相当;so如此。根据“a wonderful film that...”可知此处是such a/an adj. n. that...引导的结果状语从句。故选A。
55.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—Look! The shared bikes are everywhere.
—Let’s put them in a right place they can be used again.
A.even though B.as soon as C.so that
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——看!共享单车到处都是。——让我们把它们放在合适的地方,这样它们就可以再次使用。考查从属连词。even though即使;as soon as一……就……;so that以便,为了。分析句子可知,“Let’s put them in a right place”的目的是“they can be used again”,用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。
完形填空之人物故事类
题型综述 题型特点
完形填空是英语考试中一项重要的考查内容。完形填空也是一种综合能力测试题,是对学生语法、词汇、句型、阅读能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的一种多方位的检测。 按照考试大纲要求, 通常在一篇200词左右的难度适中的文章中留出10或10以上个空白,要求学生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。 1.以考查考生对短文理解的题型增多。 2.考查动词、形容词和副词用法与辨析的比例在逐渐加大。 3.对连词的考查也在增加,主要考查考生对行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联词的理解。 4.对时态和冠词的用法的考查逐年减少。 5.考查范围广,涉及英语知识的方方面面,如:历史、地理、人文、日常生活常识、公理认知和科技知识、民俗等知识。设计题材也是多种多样:记述、故事、说明及人物传记。
综观各地往年中考真题,记叙文居多,而且近年中考中记叙文所占比例超过50%,预测2024年中考完形填空也会以记叙文为主,侧重考查实词和对上下文语境、逻辑的理解。
一、解题步骤
二、解题方法
1. 词语搭配法:根据词语的习惯搭配来确定正确答案。
2. 语法判断法:通过语法分析来选择正确答案。若选项是名词,应根据上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等;若选项是动词,应考虑其时态、语态、搭配及非谓语形式等。
3. 语境分析法:根据上下文的具体语境,利用所学知识和平时积累的生活常识等,选出最符合情景的选项。
4. 对比排除法:有时对于一些难选的空,可以试着将各个选项逐一代入空白处,然后进行综合比较,从而选出最恰当的答案。
三、满分技巧
1. 了解记叙文的六要素。
记叙文,无论是记人还是叙事,都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件、经过和结果,即记叙文的"六要素"。弄清了这六个要素,基本上就理解了整篇文章。
2. 明确作者的写作目的。
就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的,作者往往通过叙述阐明一个道理。作者总是为了某个目的,在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的,就能抓住文章的主题。
3. 读懂作者的观点或态度。
解题时要认真分析全文,看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。为了增加试题难度,命题人往往采用变化的形式,考生只有在语境的指导下,对文章进行准确地逻辑推断,才能推测出文字之下的深层信息。
4. 弄清作者叙述的视角。
弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个:第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从"参与者"的角度进行记叙,读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和感情。用第三人称就是以"观察者"的身份展开叙述,作者的语气客观,与读者保持一定距离,读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者的思维,深入理解文章的意义,把握好语境。
(2023·浙江丽水·统考中考真题)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I was bored. I sat on the sofa eating popcorn and looking for something 1 on TV. I stopped to watch a show: a boy about my age was hypnotizing(催眠)a man and having him do all the funny things. 2 , I came up with a plan. “I bet I could do that,” I thought.
I jumped up and raced to the dining room to get some string and a spoon. I tied the string to the spoon. OK! I was 3 . I couldn’t wait.
I walked into the 4 , where my mom was preparing dinner. I asked Mom if she wanted to be hypnotized. Of course, my mom 5 .
As I started to swing the 6 slowly in front of my mom’s face, I said, “You are getting sleepy, you are getting very sleepy.”
After 7 it a few times, I told her that when I counted to three, she would become Elvis, a pop singer. I counted, and at that very moment, Mom started to 8 . I could hardly believe that I was able to hypnotize Mom on my 9 try. I was excited. This was soooo cool! After a while, I decided that it was time to 10 Mom. I could hardly wait to see Mom’s reaction(反应)when I told her 11 we did it!
“When I clap my hands three times, you’ll be back to your usual self,” I said confidently. I clapped loudly as I counted the numbers, 12 Mom continued singing as if nothing had happened. What was wrong I started to feel 13 . I didn’t know what to do. It looked so easy on TV. I started to 14 . Just then, my mom realized I didn’t know 15 had only been pretending(假装)to be hypnotized. She stopped and hugged me.
To this day, Mom and I still laugh about the day I hypnotized her.
1.A.interesting B.educational C.important D.traditional
2.A.Luckily B.Recently C.Suddenly D.Certainly
3.A.active B.free C.popular D.ready
4.A.bedroom B.kitchen C.study D.yard
5.A.agreed B.cooked C.left D.complained
6.A.coin B.pencil C.spoon D.ring
7.A.dropping B.swinging C.fixing D.washing
8.A.draw B.sing C.dance D.write
9.A.first B.second C.third D.last
10.A.look after B.play with C.listen to D.wake up
11.A.when B.where C.why D.how
12.A.and B.or C.but D.so
13.A.angry B.pleased C.calm D.worried
14.A.cry B.jump C.smile D.run
15.A.he B.I C.she D.you
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.C
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者给妈妈催眠,他妈妈假装被催眠的故事。
1.句意:我坐在沙发上吃爆米花,想在电视上找些有趣的东西。
interesting有趣的;educational有教育意义的;important重要的;traditional传统的。根据“I was bored”可知作者感到无聊,所以想找一些有趣的东西。故选A。
2.句意:突然,我想出了一个计划。
luckily幸运地;recently最近;suddenly突然;certainly当然。根据“I came up with a plan”可知是突然想出一个计划。故选C。
3.句意:我准备好了。
active积极的;free自由的;popular受欢迎的;ready准备好的。根据“get some string and a spoon. I tied the string to the spoon”可知是把所有东西都准备好了。故选D。
4.句意:我走进厨房,妈妈正在那里准备晚饭。
bedroom卧室;kitchen厨房;study书房;yard院子。根据“where my mom was preparing dinner”可知是在厨房做饭。故选B。
5.句意:当然,我妈妈同意了。
agreed同意;cooked做饭;left离开;complained抱怨。根据“Of course, my mom”以及下文作者开始催眠可知作者妈妈同意玩这个游戏。故选A。
6.句意:当我开始在妈妈面前慢慢地摆动勺子时,我说:“你越来越困了,你越来越瞌睡了。”
coin硬币;pencil铅笔;spoon勺子;ring戒指。根据“I tied the string to the spoon”可知是摆动勺子。故选C。
7.句意:在摆了几下之后,我告诉她,当我数到三时,她将成为流行歌手埃尔维斯。
dropping掉落;swinging摆动;fixing修理;washing洗。根据“As I started to swing the”可知是摆动几下。故选B。
8.句意:妈妈开始唱歌。
draw画;sing唱歌;dance跳舞;write写。根据“become Elvis, a pop singer”可知是成为一名歌手,所以会唱歌。故选B。
9.句意:我简直不敢相信我第一次尝试就能催眠妈妈。
first第一;second第二;third第三;last最后。根据“on my...try”可知是第一次尝试,之前并未尝试过。故选A。
10.句意:我决定是时候叫醒妈妈了。
look after照顾;play with和某人玩;listen to听;wake up叫醒。根据“After a while, I decided that it was time...”可知过了一会之后,要叫醒妈妈。故选D。
11.句意:我迫不及待地想看看当我告诉妈妈我们是怎么做的时候,妈妈的反应!
when什么时候;where哪里;why为什么;how如何。根据“we did it”可知是告诉她我们是如何做的。故选D。
12.句意:我一边数数字一边大声鼓掌,但妈妈继续唱歌,好像什么都没发生一样。
and和;or或者;but但是;so所以。前后两句是转折关系,用but连接。故选C。
13.句意:我开始感到担心。
angry生气的;pleased高兴的;calm镇定的;worried担心的。根据“Mom continued singing as if nothing had happened”可知作者想叫醒妈妈,但是妈妈还是继续唱歌,所以作者很担心。故选D。
14.句意:我开始哭。
cry哭;jump跳;smile微笑;run跑。根据“I didn’t know what to do”可知作者不知道该怎么做,所以哭了。故选A。
15.句意:就在那时,我妈妈意识到我不知道她只是假装被催眠了。
he他;I我;she她;you你。根据“had only been pretending”可知是妈妈在假装被催眠,用代词she。故选C。
(2023·湖北随州·统考中考真题)
阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个最佳选项。
Once, in a small village, lived a family with eight children. Two of the children loved 16 very much, but the family was so poor that it was impossible to send 17 of them to study at the art college at the same time. After many discussions, the two boys finally 18 a plan. They would toss (抛) a coin. The loser would go 19 into the mines (煤矿) and, with his earnings (赚的钱), 20 his brother studying at the college. Then, when the brother who won the toss finished his studies, after four years, he would support the other brother studying at the 21 .
James won the toss and Jack went down into the mines. James worked with all his heart and his paintings were much 22 than those of most of his teachers, and by the time he 23 , he was beginning to make a lot of money for his paintings.
24 James returned, the family held a big dinner for his great success. Soon after the meal began, James 25 up from his seat to drink a toast (敬酒) to his dear 26 . He said, “Jack, now you can go to the art college and your 27 will come true. I will take care of you.”
But Jack said 28 , “Brother, the four years in the mines has done too much to my hands, so it’s too 29 . Now I can’t even hold a glass.”
To show his great love and respect, James drew his brother’s 30 with fingers towards the sky. He called his drawing The Praying Hands, which became very famous years later.
16.A.painting B.swimming C.singing D.dancing
17.A.any B.all C.both D.neither
18.A.looked out B.worked out C.took out D.went out
19.A.off B.away C.up D.down
20.A.support B.agree C.follow D.let
21.A.home B.mine C.college D.factory
22.A.better B.worse C.cheaper D.older
23.A.arriv
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