2024届上海市部分区高三下学期二模英语试题汇编：语法填空（含解析）

上海市部分区2023-2024学年高三下学期二模英语试题汇编
语法填空
2024届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Walking and Using a Phone is Bad for Your Health
Spend time on any crowded sidewalk and you’ll see heads bent over and eyes cast downward. One recent study of college students found that a quarter of people crossing intersections ___21___ (absorb) in a device. That screen in your hand isn’t just distracting your attention. It also changes your mood, your manner of walking and etc. — and affects your ability to get from point A to point B ___22___ running into trouble.
When you walk and use a phone at the same time, you automatically adjust ___23___ you move. Video footage of walkers has shown that people on phones walk about 10 percent slower than those undistracted ones. These changes can block traffic on the sidewalk. And ___24___ walking makes up a big portion of your daily physical activity, walking more slowly may have impacts for your fitness.
Looking down at a smartphone while walking can also increase the amount of force ___25___ (place) on the neck and upper back muscles, which could reduce balance and increase the risk of falls.
It’s now widely accepted that walking in natural spaces is good for your mental health. It appears that ___26___ (get) these benefits, it’s important that your attention is on the environment, rather than on your phone.
Most of us understand that walking and using a phone can be risky. Some cities, like Honolulu, ___27___ (pass) laws to control distracted walkers. But research on those dangers has turned up some surprises. One study has looked at the connection between “phone-related distracted walking” and emergency department visits. Using government data ___28___ (extend) over the years 2011 to 2019, the researchers turned up nearly 30,000 walking injuries occasioned by phones.
If you’re distracted by a phone, you’re definitely putting ___29___ at some risk. So how do you stay safe If you do walk and use your device at the same time, stop when you’re around stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground, ____30____ accidents are more likely to occur.
2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What If You’re Not Good at English
Researchers whose first language is not English can spend around twice as long reading an English scientific journal article as native speakers. For a PhD student, that can mean ___21___ (spend) up to 19 additional working days per year just reading papers.
These statistics, ___22___ (publish) today in PLOS Biology, might not be shocking, researchers say, but it’s important to measure the effects of language barriers on the careers of academics ___23___ are not fluent in English. “It is the first step for the scientific community ___24___ (make) more efforts to solve this problem”, says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a co-author of the study.
The team found that among scientists who had published only one paper in English, scientists from countries ___25___ English is generally poor spent 29.8 percent more time writing papers than native English speakers; ___26___ from countries with moderate English proficiency (能力) spent 50.6% more time. Similarly, the researchers found that people from countries with low English proficiency spent an average of 90.8 percent more time reading scientific articles ___27___ native English speakers.
At conferences, even those who overcome obstacles face difficulties in presenting their work in English. Germana Barata, a researcher who ___28___ (specialize) in science communication at the State University of Campinas in Brazil, says that despite being fluent in English, she still feels uncomfortable at times. “We ___29___ (give) the same amount of time to present, but all that we can say in 10 minutes is different from ____30____ a native speaker can say,” she points out.
2024届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are You Ready to Hug a Robot
Getting hugged tends to be a powerful positive emotional experience. Hugs have been shown to enhance social bonding and emotional well-being. However, not everyone can get a hug ___1___ they need one. Some people are lonely and do not have anyone to hug them. Others may be in long-distance relationships ___2___ it is not easy to get physical affection from their partner. In this case, they ___3___ receive fewer hugs than they like.
How can this problem be solved ___4___ scientists have proposed is to develop hug robots. This could offer lonely people the positive effects of getting hugged without the need ___5___(seek) a person who could hug them. Nevertheless, designing a hug robot is not an easy task. For example, if the robot is very large and made mostly of metal, people might be frightened of it, ___6___ happily hugging it. Therefore, psychological research is needed.
A new study, which ___7___(publish) in International Journal recently, focuses on the development of Moffuly-II, a newly developed hug robot, which can move its arms to perform different small gestures during the hug. When two people hug, they often do specific things with their hands, such as clapping the ___8___(hug)person on the back to signal sympathy. It is important that a hug robot can perform similar gestures, too. In the study, the scientists wanted to know whether these gestures would make a robot hug ___9___(appealing). Volunteers who Moffully-Il hugged generally preferred hugs with gestures to gesture-less hugs. They felt that the robot was more friendly when___10___(perform) gestures.
The findings of the study indicate that it is possible to design a robot that people enjoy to hug. Details matter here, as the intra-hug gestures played a significant role in determining how much the human volunteers enjoyed the hug.
2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Was Air Pollution Monet’s Muse (灵感之源)
Claude Monet was a French painter who lived at the turn of the 20th century, from 1840 to 1926. He is credited as the founder of impressionism, a painting style characterized by its use of many thin brushstrokes ____1____(create) a dream-like quality. Impressionist paintings are celebrated for the way ____2____ seem to capture a sense of life in motion. Monet didn’t just simply paint landscapes; he wanted to convey the sensations he experienced when he saw them.
Many of Monet’s paintings portray the passage of time, like clouds ____3____ (drift) through the sky. The landscapes in his paintings often have a misty appearance, ____4____ fog is clouding edges, and concealing objects that are far away. Some researchers have suggested the mist of Monet’s landscapes ____5____ have actually been air pollution.
Monet was painting at a time when heavy industry was starting to seriously impact the environment. This was especially true in urban centers like London and Paris. The supposition is that Monet’s works reflect the increasing levels of air pollution that Europe ____6____ (witness) in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ____7____ Monet’s painting career progressing, background visibility in his paintings seems to gradually decrease.
In letters to his wife, Monet sometimes described the smoke and fog in London, for ____8____ he obviously had a preference. Evidence suggests that ____9____ significant number of Monet’s works were influenced, or even inspired, by the way air pollution affected light and vision. ____10____ air pollution was the muse for one of modern history’s greatest artists might be true.
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
No Filming at Concerts and Movie Theaters on Phones
“Please, no flash photography.”
Polite requests like this can be found in museums all over the world, but they generally don’t discourage people from taking photos of ____21____ they feel like. The same goes for concerts, movie theaters and other places ____22____ people routinely ignore filming restrictions. A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least.
The patent, ____23____ (award) to Apple today, outlines a system which would allow venues, like concert halls or theaters, to use an infrared emitter (红外发射器) to remotely disable the camera function on smartphones. According to the patent, infrared beams could be picked up by the camera, and interpreted by the smartphone as a command ____24____ (block) the user from taking any photos or videos.
Many musicians and performers have banned cellphones from their shows ____25____ they object to the free footage circulating around the web. ____26____ this, images still manage to leak out. Prince’s last concert before he passed away in April was supposed to be cellphone-free—it apparently wasn’t. If Apple’s patent ____27____ (introduce) into iPhone software, with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage, leaks like this could potentially stop happening.
But the patent also raises questions about the sort of power that this technology would be handing over to ____28____ with more immoral intentions.
Given the company’s rigid support of personal privacy when it comes to police requests to break into users’ devices, it’s possible that Apple just ____29____ (patent) the technology so that no one else will use it. But who knows, if it does intend to introduce this feature to future operating systems, sales of camcorders, or even GoPros, could get a much-needed boost, as people try to avoid _____30_____ (use) the prohibitive software.
答案
2024届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
【答案】21. were absorbed
22. without
23. how 24. if##since
25. placed 26. to get
27. have passed
28. extending
29. yourself
30. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在任何一个拥挤的人行道上，你都会看到人们低下头，眼睛向下看。最近一项针对大学生的研究发现，四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。
【21题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：最近一项针对大学生的研究发现，四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。短语be absorbed in表示“全神贯注于……”，此处主句found可知为一般过去时，从句用一般过去时，主语为a quarter of people，谓语用复数。故填were absorbed。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意：它还会改变你的情绪，你走路的方式等等，并影响你从A点到B点而不遇到麻烦的能力。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“不”应用介词without。故填without。
【23题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：当你一边走路一边使用手机时，你会自动调整你的移动方式。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故填how。
【24题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：如果/既然步行占你日常体育活动的很大一部分，那么走得慢一点可能会对你的健康产生影响。此处可理解为条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if；或理解为原因状语从句，表示“既然”用since。故填if/since。
【25题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：走路时低头看智能手机也会增加施加在脖子和上背部肌肉上的力量，这会降低平衡能力，增加跌倒的风险。此处place与force构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填placed。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：看来，为了获得这些好处，你的注意力应该放在环境上，而不是手机上。此处get在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to get。
【27题详解】
考查时态。句意：一些城市，如檀香山，已经通过了法律来控制分心的行人。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时，主语为cities，助动词用have。故填have passed。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员利用2011年至2019年政府数据，发现了近3万起由手机引起的步行损伤。此处extend与date构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填extending。
【29题详解】
考查代词。句意：如果你被手机分散了注意力，你肯定会把自己置于危险之中。结合语境，此处指“你自己”应用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。
【30题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：如果你一边走路一边使用电子设备，在楼梯、人行横道和杂乱或不平整的地面附近停下来，因为这些地方更容易发生事故。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】21. spending
22. published
23. who##that
24. to make
25 where 26. those
27. than 28. specializes##is specialized
29. are given
30. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了母语不是英语的研究人员阅读一篇英语科学期刊文章的时间大约是母语人士的两倍。对于一名博士生来说，这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对于一名博士生来说，这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。固定短语mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填spending。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员说，今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不令人震惊，但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，publish与statistics构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填published。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究人员说，今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不令人震惊，但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词academics，关系词在从句作主语，指人，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰大学的生物多样性研究员、该研究的合著者Tatsuya Amano说：“这是科学界为解决这个问题付出更多努力的第一步。”此处名词step由序数词修饰，常跟动词不定式，作后置定语。故填to make。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究小组发现，在只用英语发表过一篇论文的科学家中，来自英语普遍较差的国家的科学家比母语为英语的科学家多花29.8%的时间写论文；来自英语水平中等国家的学生花费的时间多50.6%。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词countries，关系词在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【26题详解】
考查代词。句意：研究小组发现，在只用英语发表过一篇论文的科学家中，来自英语普遍较差的国家的科学家比母语为英语的科学家多花29.8%的时间写论文；来自英语水平中等国家的学生花费的时间多50.6%。此处指代上文scientists，应用代词those。故填those。
【27题详解】
考查介词。句意：同样，研究人员发现，来自英语水平较低国家的人阅读科学文章的时间平均比以英语为母语的人多90.8%。根据上文“more time”可知，此处为比较关系，应用介词than，故填than。
【28题详解】
考查时态。句意：Germana Barata是巴西坎皮纳斯州立大学专门研究科学传播的研究员，她说尽管英语流利，但她有时仍然感到不舒服。此处可用动词specialize作谓语，根据后文says可知，应用一般现在时，定语从句与先行词保持一致，用三单形式；或用短语be specialized in表示“专门从事于”。故填specializes或is specialized。
【29题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：她指出：“我们有同样的时间来演讲，但我们在10分钟内所能说的与母语人士所能说的是不同的。”主语we与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are given。
【30题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她指出：“我们有同样的时间来演讲，但我们在10分钟内所能说的与母语人士所能说的是不同的。”此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
2024届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】1. whenever##when
2. where##so
3. may##might
4. What 5. to seek
6. instead of##rather than
7. has been published
8. hugged 9. more appealing
10. performing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们研发拥抱机器人以解决孤独人群的拥抱需求。
【1题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：然而，并不是每个人都能在需要的时候得到一个拥抱。分析句子可知，空处应填从属连词whenever“每当”或when“当……什么时候”引导时间状语从句。故填whenever/when。
【2题详解】
考查从属连词/并列连词。句意：其他人可能处于异地恋中，很难从伴侣那里得到身体上的爱。分析句子可知，空处可以看作空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词relationship，先行词在句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where；或可以看作空处前后为因果关系，应用并列连词so。故填where/so。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：在这种情况下，他们可能会收到比自己想要的更少的拥抱。分析句子可知，空处应填情态动词may/might表示较小的可能性。故填may/might。
【4题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：科学家们提议开发拥抱机器人。分析句子可知，空处应填what引导主语从句，并在从句中作proposed宾语，表示“……的东西”，位于句首首字母大写。故填What。
【5题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这可以为孤独的人提供被拥抱的积极效果，而不必寻求能够拥抱他们的人。抽象名词need后应用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to seek。
【6题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：例如，如果机器人非常大且主要由金属制成，人们可能会害怕它，而不是愉快地拥抱它。分析句子可知，空处应填短语instead of/rather than“而不是”。故填instead of/rather than。
【7题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：最近在《国际期刊》上发表的一项新研究，聚焦于Moffuly-II的研发，这是一款新开发的拥抱机器人，能够在拥抱过程中移动其手臂来完成不同的小手势。分析句子可知，空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，由recently可知，从句中应用现在完成时，先行词A new study与动词publish构成被动关系，应用被动语态，先行词study为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been published。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：当两个人拥抱时，他们经常用手做一些特定的动作，比如拍被拥抱者的背以表示同情。分析句子可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词person，动词hug与被修饰词之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词的形式。故填hugged。
【9题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：在这项研究中，科学家们想知道这些手势是否会让机器人拥抱更具吸引力。分析句子可知，此处有一个隐晦的比较意义，空处应用形容词appealing“有吸引的”的比较级形式在句中作宾语补足语。故填more appealing。
【10题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：他们觉得机器人在做手势时更加友好。句中perform与其逻辑主语the robot构成主动关系，完整的时间状语从句应为when the robot was performing gestures，when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中主语和be动词可以省略。故填performing。
2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】1. to create
2. they 3. drifting
4. as if ##as though
5. may##might
6. witnessed
7. with 8. which
9. a 10. That
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克劳德·莫奈作为印象派画家的贡献，以及他作品中可能受到19世纪末至20世纪初欧洲空气污染影响的讨论。
【1题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：他被认为是印象派的创始人，印象派是一种绘画风格，其特点是使用许多细细的笔触来创造梦幻般的品质。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to create。
【2题详解】
考查代词。句意：印象派绘画以其捕捉动态生活感的方式而闻名。指代“Impressionist paintings”应该用代词they作seem的主语，故填they。
【3题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：莫奈的许多画作描绘了时间的流逝，就像天空中飘过的云。drift与 clouds 之间为主动关系，则使用现在分词作后置定语，故填drifting。
【4题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：他的风景画往往有一种朦胧的外观，仿佛雾笼罩着边缘，隐藏着远处的物体。此处需要表示“仿佛”的从属连词，引导方式状语从句，故填as if或as though。
5题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：一些研究人员认为，莫奈风景画中的雾气实际上可能是空气污染。此处需填入表示“可能”的情态动词，即may或might，“may/might have been”表示对过去的推测，故填may或might。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：人们猜测莫奈的作品反映了19世纪末和20世纪初欧洲日益严重的空气污染。根据“in the late 19th century and early 20th century”可知，witness使用一般过去时，故填witnessed。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着莫奈绘画生涯的发展，背景的可见度似乎逐渐降低。此处为“with的复合结构”作状语，为“with+宾语+现在分词”，故填with。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在给妻子的信中，莫奈有时会描述伦敦的烟雾，这显然是他偏爱的。此处需填入关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代先行词“smoke and fog”应该使用关系代词which，故填which。
【9题详解】
考查冠词。句意：有证据表明，莫奈的很多作品都受到了空气污染对光线和视觉的影响，甚至受到了启发。固定短语a number of：许多，故填a。
【10题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：空气污染是现代历史上最伟大的艺术家之一的灵感来源，这可能是真的。空格处引导主语从句，从句的语义和成分均完整，则使用that引导主语从句，空格位于句首，故填That。
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】21. what##whatever##something##anything
22. where 23. awarded
24. to block
25. because##as##since
26. Despite
27. is introduced
28. someone##those
29. patented
30. using
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。苹果公司刚刚为一个系统申请了专利，该系统将允许音乐厅或剧院等场所使用红外发射器远程禁用智能手机上的摄像头功能。根据该专利，红外光束可以被相机拾取，并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄任何照片或视频的命令。
【21题详解】
考查连词或者代词。句意：像这样礼貌的要求在世界各地的博物馆都可以找到，但它们通常不会阻止人们拍摄自己喜欢的东西。分析句子可知，空格处为介词of的宾语。根据句意，此处指物，可译为“东西；事物”，可以用what(ever)连接宾语从句，或者something/anything为先行词，they feel like是省略了关系代词的定语从句。故填what(ever)/something/anything。
【22题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：音乐会、电影院和其他人们经常忽视拍摄限制的地方也是如此。分析句子可知，此处是限定性定语从句。先行词为places，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
【23题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在今天授予苹果的这项专利概述了一种系统，该系统将允许音乐厅或剧院等场所使用红外发射器远程禁用智能手机上的摄像头功能。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词 The patent与award是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填awarded。
【24题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：根据该专利，红外光束可以被相机拾取，并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄任何照片或视频的命令。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。根据句意，此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰command ，表目的，应用动词不定式。故填to block。
【25题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：许多音乐家和表演者已经禁止手机参加他们的演出，因为他们反对网络上流传的免费视频。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。由句意可知，此处表示原因，应用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管如此，图像仍然会泄露出去。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。根据句意，此处指“虽然；尽管”，应用介词despite，置于句首，首字母应大写。故填Despite。
【27题详解】
考查动词时态、语态以及虚拟语气。句意：如果苹果的专利被引入iPhone软件，在舞台周围放置红外发射器，这样的泄漏可能会停止发生。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据主句内容可知，此处条件状语从句应用一般现在时态。主语Apple’s patent 与动词introduce是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填is introduced。
【28题详解】
考查代词。句意：但这项专利也引发了人们的疑问，即这项技术将把什么样的权力交给意图更不道德的人。分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词作宾语。根据句意，此处指人，应使用someone/those作宾语。故填someone/those。
【29题详解】
考查时态。句意：考虑到该公司在警方要求侵入用户设备时对个人隐私的严格支持，苹果可能只是为这项技术申请了专利，这样其他人就不会使用它。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据上文可知，“苹果为这项技术申请专利”已经发生，故用一般过去时。故填patented。
【30题详解】
考查动名词。句意：但谁知道呢，如果它真的打算在未来的操作系统中引入这一功能，摄像机甚至GoPros的销售可能会得到急需的提振，因为人们试图避免使用这种令人望而却步的软件。根据空前的 avoid 可知，空格处应填入动名词作宾语。故填using。