上海市部分区2024届高三下学期二模英语试题汇编：概要写作（含解析）
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上海市部分区2023-2024学年高三下学期二模英语试题汇编
概要写作
2024届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It Takes at Least 200 Hours to Make a Close Friendship, and More to Maintain It
Many of us worry that we don’t put in enough time to maintain close friendships. But how much is enough Unfortunately, there’s no magic formula (公式) for how much time you need to spend on your friends to keep them. Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact.
Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together. We need between 40 and 60 hours together for a person we know slightly to become a casual friend. In order to move from casual friends to close friends, we need to spend an additional 140 to 160 hours together for a total of about 200 hours.
However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline. We can form a close bond in less than 200 hours with meaningful conversations. Contrarily, spending 200 hours together doesn’t necessarily mean a person will become a close friend. They have to want to be your friends. Some co-workers can spend 300 hours together and never become close friends.
When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters. Engaging in passive activity with friends — like watching a TV series — is fun and enjoyable, but it doesn’t do as much to maintain friendship as having deep conversations, sharing feelings, and being a good listener. And routinely checking in with people we choose to connect with, through calls and texts or in person, helps maintain relationships and leads to higher scores of positive feelings, like happiness.
The key point is that sharing things about ourselves can lead to close friendships. Once that closeness is established, some ways to maintain closeness are supporting friends when things go wrong for them and celebrating their achievements.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How to Stay on Task
“In many activities, it is difficult to maintain a high level of focus over time. Our research asks why this is the case,” said Matthew K. Robison, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Arlington. Although humans generally perform fine in situations that require sustained attention, they are often distracted, which can lead to inattention. Common distractions can be anything from thinking about a new romantic interest to reacting to a car honking. Most inattention has minor consequences like forgetting to forward an email or pick up an item at the grocery store. However, other inattention can lead to serious consequences, such as a train operator not reacting to an incident, a surgeon forgetting a step in an operation or an individual forgetting to turn off an oven.
“Sustaining attention can be easier said than done, as attention fluctuates(波动) across short and long intervals,” Robison said. One of the most common approaches to studying inattention has been to examine response time to a variety of tasks. For this study, Robison and colleagues employed more than 100 participants to complete reaction time tasks for about 25 minutes. In a standard control condition, participants were simply told to respond as quickly as possible on each trial. “In this condition, reaction times systematically increased across time, consistent with the idea that task focus was decreasing,” Robison said. “However, when we gave them specific goals to pursue and made those goals harder over time, they did not show that effect.”
The drop in concentration goes some way to explaining why we remember or forget the moment and why some people remember better than others. Robison and colleagues at the University of Oregon have also published a new study on maintaining attention. The results provide evidence that a simple and easily implementable change in behavior — setting specific goals for oneself — can significantly improve our ability to maintain task focus over time. “Setting a specific goal will increase sustained attention and reduce inattention,” said Robison based on his studies.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Complaining: The Happiness Killer
In 15th-century Germany, there was an expression: Greiner, Zanner, which can be translated as “a chronic (长期的) complainer.” Are you a bit of a Greiner, Zanner If so, you’re not alone. Survey data show that customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. A U. K.-based survey also observed a rise in job dissatisfaction over a two-year period before autumn 2022.
Complaints can be grouped into different categories. As is reported, 45 percent of complaints concern the behavior of others. For instance, parents repeatedly criticize their children for small issues like messy bedrooms or dirty clothes. Another 29 percent focus on personal discomfort. A common complaint in this category might be about feeling too hot in a room without air conditioner. The remaining 26 percent involve unpleasant obligations like unnecessary work meetings people are forced to attend.
The problem with all of these complaints is that it can feel helpful — but it typically isn’t . Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Researchers who measured people’s mood before and after they complained found that those complainers’ mood was significantly worsening. Besides, complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. In some relationships, the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. In other words, when people see others’ complaints expressing anger, disgust and sadness, they can, in turn, feel similar emotions.
As the 20th-century Bulgarian philosopher Archimandrite Seraphim Aleksiev observed, “Complaining is like the winter frost which, when it falls, destroys all the labors of the gardeners.”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Digital Nomads (游牧人)
How would you like to answer your work emails from a beachfront café in Thailand or a coffee shop in Portugal If that appeals to you, being a digital nomad might be for you. Digital nomads can literally work from anywhere as their jobs are online. Digital nomads rely on portable devices with wireless Internet capabilities such as laptops, tablets and smartphones. Typically, they work from coffee shops, restaurants, co-working spaces, apartments or internet cafés — places with an Internet connection.
Worldwide, statistics show the number of digital nomads hit 35 million in 2021. So what is it that makes the lifestyle of digital nomads so fascinating First and foremost, digital nomads get to live in different countries and cultures while they work, providing them with opportunities to have adventures and experience new things. These folks have also found the most flexible means of online incomes, allowing them to head out at a moment’ notice and go where they please. “I’m free,” says Nimisha Walji, “I can go where the wind takes me and live any place I choose! If I feel like a change, I can pursue that in a matter of days, sometimes hours.”
You may think that being a digital nomad is all sunshine and rainbows. It is not necessarily so. Job finding is one of the hardest tasks for the digital nomad, given that they have no permanent home, no office address, and no one knows them. To apply for a job, they need to find the employer and persuade him to hire them. Most of the employers hire from their own city, and that’s why it’s so hard for a nomad to find a job. Access to stable Wi-Fi and adequate workspace can be difficult. If someone struggles to stay focused at home, there can’t be a worse place than a fascinating holiday location. Few people can manage to be productive faced with the temptations and distractions. It seems that living the life of a digital nomad isn’t for everyone.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your Head
We all get a sensation when a song, for no apparent reason, refuses to leave your head — in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded “ear-worm.” But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.
To do this, most frequent ear-worms of the participants were entered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all. The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music. A classic example of a common contour (音调的升降曲线) pattern is heard in Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls. This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes, but also in pop music.
In addition to the melodic shape the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual. “Our findings show that you can, to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,” says one of the researchers, “This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle (短歌) everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”
The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
2024届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
【答案】The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.It’s not just the number of hours spent together,but the quality and frequency of interaction that matters.Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.(51 words)
【解析】
【导语】这篇文章讨论了建立和维护友谊所需的时间，指出需要至少200小时才能发展成为亲密的朋友。尽管没有固定的时间公式，但深入的对话和情感分享可以加快友谊的建立。维持友谊不仅取决于相处时间，还包括深入交流、支持朋友、庆祝成就等积极行为。关键在于分享并保持真诚的互动，这有助于建立和巩固亲密友谊。
【详解】1.要点摘录
① Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact.
② Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together.
③ However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline.
④ When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters.
2.缜密构思。将要点②③总说，将①④分说
3，遣词造句
The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.
It’s not just the number of hours spent together,but the quality and frequency of interaction that matters.
Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.（运了用with复合结构做状语）
【高分句型2】Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.（运用了动名词做主语和宾语）
2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】Research shows that setting a specific goal increases sustained attention. It is hard to maintain a high level of concentration in many activities. People are often distracted, resulting in poor concentration, with minor or serious consequences. Attention fluctuates between short and long intervals, and the shorter the reaction time is, the greater the concentration will be.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明，设定一个具体的目标可以提高持续的注意力。在许多活动中很难保持高度集中。人们经常分心，导致注意力不集中，造成轻微或严重的后果。注意力在短间隔和长间隔之间波动，反应时间越短，注意力集中程度越高。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Although humans generally perform fine in situations that require sustained attention, they are often distracted, which can lead to inattention. “Setting a specific goal will increase sustained attention and reduce inattention,” said Robison based on his studies.
②“Sustaining attention can be easier said than done, as attention fluctuates(波动) across short and long intervals,” Robison said.
③However, other inattention can lead to serious consequences, such as a train operator not reacting to an incident, a surgeon forgetting a step in an operation or an individual forgetting to turn off an oven.
④In this condition, reaction times systematically increased across time, consistent with the idea that task focus was decreasing
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Research shows that setting a specific goal increases sustained attention.
It is hard to maintain a high level of concentration in many activities.
People are often distracted, resulting in poor concentration, with minor or serious consequences.
Attention fluctuates between short and long intervals, and the shorter the reaction time is, the greater the concentration will be.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that setting a specific goal increases sustained attention.运用that引导宾语从句对原文第一段和最后一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Attention fluctuates between short and long intervals, and the shorter the reaction time is, the greater the concentration will be.用“the+比较级，the+比较级”句型对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2024届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】Complaining is increasingly common in our life. It falls into different categories, including complaints about others’ behaviors, one’s discomfort, and undesirable obligations. Actually, complaining isn’t really helpful because it is harmful to long-term happiness despite its temporary relief. Furthermore, the emotions of those around you will be negatively influenced due to its infectious nature.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，抱怨在我们的生活中越来越普遍。它分为不同的类别，包括抱怨他人的行为，自己的不适，以及不受欢迎的义务。事实上，抱怨并没有真正的帮助，因为它对长期的幸福有害，尽管它能暂时缓解痛苦。此外，由于它的传染性，你周围的人的情绪也会受到负面影响。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Survey data show that customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. A U. K.-based survey also observed a rise in job dissatisfaction over a two-year period before autumn 2022.
②Complaints can be grouped into different categories. As is reported, 45 percent of complaints concern the behavior of others. For instance, parents repeatedly criticize their children for small issues like messy bedrooms or dirty clothes. Another 29 percent focus on personal discomfort. A common complaint in this category might be about feeling too hot in a room without air conditioner. The remaining 26 percent involve unpleasant obligations like unnecessary work meetings people are forced to attend.
③Researchers who measured people’s mood before and after they complained found that those complainers’ mood was significantly worsening.
④Besides, complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. In some relationships, the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. In other words, when people see others’ complaints expressing anger, disgust and sadness, they can, in turn, feel similar emotions.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Complaining is increasingly common in our life.
It falls into different categories, including complaints about others’ behaviors, one’s discomfort, and undesirable obligations.
Actually, complaining isn’t really helpful because it is harmful to long-term happiness despite its temporary relief.
Furthermore, the emotions of those around you will be negatively influenced due to its infectious nature.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Actually, complaining isn’t really helpful because it is harmful to long-term happiness despite its temporary relief.运用because引导原因状语从句对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Furthermore, the emotions of those around you will be negatively influenced due to its infectious nature.运用了省略关系词的定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】Digital nomads refer to those who can work anywhere with an Internet connection. The appeals of being a digital nomad include the opportunities to have new experiences and the flexibility/freedom to work wherever or however one desires. However, obstacles do exist, the biggest of which is job finding. Besides, poor access to Wi-Fi or distracting fascinating workplaces may affect productivity negatively.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“数字牧民”，成为数字牧民的的优势和劣势。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Digital nomads can literally work from anywhere as their jobs are online.
②First and foremost, digital nomads get to live in different countries and cultures while they work, providing them with opportunities to have adventures and experience new things. These folks have also found the most flexible means of online incomes, allowing them to head out at a moment’ notice and go where they please.
③Job finding is one of the hardest tasks for the digital nomad, given that they have no permanent home, no office address, and no one knows them.
④Access to stable Wi-Fi and adequate workspace can be difficult. If someone struggles to stay focused at home, there can’t be a worse place than a fascinating holiday location. Few people can manage to be productive faced with the temptations and distractions.
2. 缜密构思
将第二个要点进行简化，将第三、四要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
Digital nomads refer to those working anywhere with an Internet connection.
The attractions of being a digital nomad include the opportunities to have new experiences and the flexibility/freedom to work wherever or however one desires.
However, obstacles do exist, and the biggest of them is job finding.
Additionally, poor access to Wi-Fi or distracting fascinating workplaces may influence productivity negatively.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Digital nomads refer to those who can work anywhere with an Internet connection.（用一个定语从句对“数字牧民”进行解释，表达高级）
[高分句型2]The appeals of being a digital nomad include the opportunities to have new experiences and the flexibility/freedom to work wherever or however one desires.（用一个让步状语从句对第二段的部分内容进行总结，表达高级）
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】A study dives into the lingering effect of earworms. It finds that songs most likely to become earworms share recognizable melodic patterns prevalent in Western pop music. Besides, distinctive intervals also help form earworms, potentially aiding people in creating catchy tunes. Studying earworms may deepen the understanding of brain activities and individual diferences in some respects.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究深入研究了耳虫的挥之不去的影响。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.
②The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music.
③In addition to the melodic shape, the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual.
④The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.
2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句The study found that the songs most likely to reach listeners share the same melodic patterns common in Western pop music.
In addition, unique intervals also help to form earworms, potentially helping people create catchy tunes.
Studying earworms can in some ways deepen understanding of brain activity and individual differences.
【点睛】[高分句型1]It finds that songs most likely to become earworms share recognizable melodic patterns prevalent in Western pop music.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Besides, distinctive intervals also help form earworms, potentially aiding people in creating catchy tunes.（运用了现在分词作状语）
概要写作
2024届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It Takes at Least 200 Hours to Make a Close Friendship, and More to Maintain It
Many of us worry that we don’t put in enough time to maintain close friendships. But how much is enough Unfortunately, there’s no magic formula (公式) for how much time you need to spend on your friends to keep them. Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact.
Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together. We need between 40 and 60 hours together for a person we know slightly to become a casual friend. In order to move from casual friends to close friends, we need to spend an additional 140 to 160 hours together for a total of about 200 hours.
However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline. We can form a close bond in less than 200 hours with meaningful conversations. Contrarily, spending 200 hours together doesn’t necessarily mean a person will become a close friend. They have to want to be your friends. Some co-workers can spend 300 hours together and never become close friends.
When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters. Engaging in passive activity with friends — like watching a TV series — is fun and enjoyable, but it doesn’t do as much to maintain friendship as having deep conversations, sharing feelings, and being a good listener. And routinely checking in with people we choose to connect with, through calls and texts or in person, helps maintain relationships and leads to higher scores of positive feelings, like happiness.
The key point is that sharing things about ourselves can lead to close friendships. Once that closeness is established, some ways to maintain closeness are supporting friends when things go wrong for them and celebrating their achievements.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How to Stay on Task
“In many activities, it is difficult to maintain a high level of focus over time. Our research asks why this is the case,” said Matthew K. Robison, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Arlington. Although humans generally perform fine in situations that require sustained attention, they are often distracted, which can lead to inattention. Common distractions can be anything from thinking about a new romantic interest to reacting to a car honking. Most inattention has minor consequences like forgetting to forward an email or pick up an item at the grocery store. However, other inattention can lead to serious consequences, such as a train operator not reacting to an incident, a surgeon forgetting a step in an operation or an individual forgetting to turn off an oven.
“Sustaining attention can be easier said than done, as attention fluctuates(波动) across short and long intervals,” Robison said. One of the most common approaches to studying inattention has been to examine response time to a variety of tasks. For this study, Robison and colleagues employed more than 100 participants to complete reaction time tasks for about 25 minutes. In a standard control condition, participants were simply told to respond as quickly as possible on each trial. “In this condition, reaction times systematically increased across time, consistent with the idea that task focus was decreasing,” Robison said. “However, when we gave them specific goals to pursue and made those goals harder over time, they did not show that effect.”
The drop in concentration goes some way to explaining why we remember or forget the moment and why some people remember better than others. Robison and colleagues at the University of Oregon have also published a new study on maintaining attention. The results provide evidence that a simple and easily implementable change in behavior — setting specific goals for oneself — can significantly improve our ability to maintain task focus over time. “Setting a specific goal will increase sustained attention and reduce inattention,” said Robison based on his studies.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Complaining: The Happiness Killer
In 15th-century Germany, there was an expression: Greiner, Zanner, which can be translated as “a chronic (长期的) complainer.” Are you a bit of a Greiner, Zanner If so, you’re not alone. Survey data show that customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. A U. K.-based survey also observed a rise in job dissatisfaction over a two-year period before autumn 2022.
Complaints can be grouped into different categories. As is reported, 45 percent of complaints concern the behavior of others. For instance, parents repeatedly criticize their children for small issues like messy bedrooms or dirty clothes. Another 29 percent focus on personal discomfort. A common complaint in this category might be about feeling too hot in a room without air conditioner. The remaining 26 percent involve unpleasant obligations like unnecessary work meetings people are forced to attend.
The problem with all of these complaints is that it can feel helpful — but it typically isn’t . Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Researchers who measured people’s mood before and after they complained found that those complainers’ mood was significantly worsening. Besides, complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. In some relationships, the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. In other words, when people see others’ complaints expressing anger, disgust and sadness, they can, in turn, feel similar emotions.
As the 20th-century Bulgarian philosopher Archimandrite Seraphim Aleksiev observed, “Complaining is like the winter frost which, when it falls, destroys all the labors of the gardeners.”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Digital Nomads (游牧人)
How would you like to answer your work emails from a beachfront café in Thailand or a coffee shop in Portugal If that appeals to you, being a digital nomad might be for you. Digital nomads can literally work from anywhere as their jobs are online. Digital nomads rely on portable devices with wireless Internet capabilities such as laptops, tablets and smartphones. Typically, they work from coffee shops, restaurants, co-working spaces, apartments or internet cafés — places with an Internet connection.
Worldwide, statistics show the number of digital nomads hit 35 million in 2021. So what is it that makes the lifestyle of digital nomads so fascinating First and foremost, digital nomads get to live in different countries and cultures while they work, providing them with opportunities to have adventures and experience new things. These folks have also found the most flexible means of online incomes, allowing them to head out at a moment’ notice and go where they please. “I’m free,” says Nimisha Walji, “I can go where the wind takes me and live any place I choose! If I feel like a change, I can pursue that in a matter of days, sometimes hours.”
You may think that being a digital nomad is all sunshine and rainbows. It is not necessarily so. Job finding is one of the hardest tasks for the digital nomad, given that they have no permanent home, no office address, and no one knows them. To apply for a job, they need to find the employer and persuade him to hire them. Most of the employers hire from their own city, and that’s why it’s so hard for a nomad to find a job. Access to stable Wi-Fi and adequate workspace can be difficult. If someone struggles to stay focused at home, there can’t be a worse place than a fascinating holiday location. Few people can manage to be productive faced with the temptations and distractions. It seems that living the life of a digital nomad isn’t for everyone.
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2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your Head
We all get a sensation when a song, for no apparent reason, refuses to leave your head — in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded “ear-worm.” But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.
To do this, most frequent ear-worms of the participants were entered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all. The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music. A classic example of a common contour (音调的升降曲线) pattern is heard in Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls. This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes, but also in pop music.
In addition to the melodic shape the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual. “Our findings show that you can, to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,” says one of the researchers, “This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle (短歌) everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”
The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.
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答案
2024届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
【答案】The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.It’s not just the number of hours spent together,but the quality and frequency of interaction that matters.Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.(51 words)
【解析】
【导语】这篇文章讨论了建立和维护友谊所需的时间，指出需要至少200小时才能发展成为亲密的朋友。尽管没有固定的时间公式，但深入的对话和情感分享可以加快友谊的建立。维持友谊不仅取决于相处时间，还包括深入交流、支持朋友、庆祝成就等积极行为。关键在于分享并保持真诚的互动，这有助于建立和巩固亲密友谊。
【详解】1.要点摘录
① Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact.
② Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together.
③ However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline.
④ When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters.
2.缜密构思。将要点②③总说，将①④分说
3，遣词造句
The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.
It’s not just the number of hours spent together,but the quality and frequency of interaction that matters.
Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.（运了用with复合结构做状语）
【高分句型2】Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.（运用了动名词做主语和宾语）
2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】Research shows that setting a specific goal increases sustained attention. It is hard to maintain a high level of concentration in many activities. People are often distracted, resulting in poor concentration, with minor or serious consequences. Attention fluctuates between short and long intervals, and the shorter the reaction time is, the greater the concentration will be.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明，设定一个具体的目标可以提高持续的注意力。在许多活动中很难保持高度集中。人们经常分心，导致注意力不集中，造成轻微或严重的后果。注意力在短间隔和长间隔之间波动，反应时间越短，注意力集中程度越高。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Although humans generally perform fine in situations that require sustained attention, they are often distracted, which can lead to inattention. “Setting a specific goal will increase sustained attention and reduce inattention,” said Robison based on his studies.
②“Sustaining attention can be easier said than done, as attention fluctuates(波动) across short and long intervals,” Robison said.
③However, other inattention can lead to serious consequences, such as a train operator not reacting to an incident, a surgeon forgetting a step in an operation or an individual forgetting to turn off an oven.
④In this condition, reaction times systematically increased across time, consistent with the idea that task focus was decreasing
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Research shows that setting a specific goal increases sustained attention.
It is hard to maintain a high level of concentration in many activities.
People are often distracted, resulting in poor concentration, with minor or serious consequences.
Attention fluctuates between short and long intervals, and the shorter the reaction time is, the greater the concentration will be.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that setting a specific goal increases sustained attention.运用that引导宾语从句对原文第一段和最后一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Attention fluctuates between short and long intervals, and the shorter the reaction time is, the greater the concentration will be.用“the+比较级，the+比较级”句型对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2024届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】Complaining is increasingly common in our life. It falls into different categories, including complaints about others’ behaviors, one’s discomfort, and undesirable obligations. Actually, complaining isn’t really helpful because it is harmful to long-term happiness despite its temporary relief. Furthermore, the emotions of those around you will be negatively influenced due to its infectious nature.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，抱怨在我们的生活中越来越普遍。它分为不同的类别，包括抱怨他人的行为，自己的不适，以及不受欢迎的义务。事实上，抱怨并没有真正的帮助，因为它对长期的幸福有害，尽管它能暂时缓解痛苦。此外，由于它的传染性，你周围的人的情绪也会受到负面影响。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Survey data show that customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. A U. K.-based survey also observed a rise in job dissatisfaction over a two-year period before autumn 2022.
②Complaints can be grouped into different categories. As is reported, 45 percent of complaints concern the behavior of others. For instance, parents repeatedly criticize their children for small issues like messy bedrooms or dirty clothes. Another 29 percent focus on personal discomfort. A common complaint in this category might be about feeling too hot in a room without air conditioner. The remaining 26 percent involve unpleasant obligations like unnecessary work meetings people are forced to attend.
③Researchers who measured people’s mood before and after they complained found that those complainers’ mood was significantly worsening.
④Besides, complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. In some relationships, the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. In other words, when people see others’ complaints expressing anger, disgust and sadness, they can, in turn, feel similar emotions.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Complaining is increasingly common in our life.
It falls into different categories, including complaints about others’ behaviors, one’s discomfort, and undesirable obligations.
Actually, complaining isn’t really helpful because it is harmful to long-term happiness despite its temporary relief.
Furthermore, the emotions of those around you will be negatively influenced due to its infectious nature.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Actually, complaining isn’t really helpful because it is harmful to long-term happiness despite its temporary relief.运用because引导原因状语从句对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Furthermore, the emotions of those around you will be negatively influenced due to its infectious nature.运用了省略关系词的定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】Digital nomads refer to those who can work anywhere with an Internet connection. The appeals of being a digital nomad include the opportunities to have new experiences and the flexibility/freedom to work wherever or however one desires. However, obstacles do exist, the biggest of which is job finding. Besides, poor access to Wi-Fi or distracting fascinating workplaces may affect productivity negatively.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“数字牧民”，成为数字牧民的的优势和劣势。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Digital nomads can literally work from anywhere as their jobs are online.
②First and foremost, digital nomads get to live in different countries and cultures while they work, providing them with opportunities to have adventures and experience new things. These folks have also found the most flexible means of online incomes, allowing them to head out at a moment’ notice and go where they please.
③Job finding is one of the hardest tasks for the digital nomad, given that they have no permanent home, no office address, and no one knows them.
④Access to stable Wi-Fi and adequate workspace can be difficult. If someone struggles to stay focused at home, there can’t be a worse place than a fascinating holiday location. Few people can manage to be productive faced with the temptations and distractions.
2. 缜密构思
将第二个要点进行简化，将第三、四要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
Digital nomads refer to those working anywhere with an Internet connection.
The attractions of being a digital nomad include the opportunities to have new experiences and the flexibility/freedom to work wherever or however one desires.
However, obstacles do exist, and the biggest of them is job finding.
Additionally, poor access to Wi-Fi or distracting fascinating workplaces may influence productivity negatively.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Digital nomads refer to those who can work anywhere with an Internet connection.（用一个定语从句对“数字牧民”进行解释，表达高级）
[高分句型2]The appeals of being a digital nomad include the opportunities to have new experiences and the flexibility/freedom to work wherever or however one desires.（用一个让步状语从句对第二段的部分内容进行总结，表达高级）
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】A study dives into the lingering effect of earworms. It finds that songs most likely to become earworms share recognizable melodic patterns prevalent in Western pop music. Besides, distinctive intervals also help form earworms, potentially aiding people in creating catchy tunes. Studying earworms may deepen the understanding of brain activities and individual diferences in some respects.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究深入研究了耳虫的挥之不去的影响。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.
②The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music.
③In addition to the melodic shape, the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual.
④The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.
2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句The study found that the songs most likely to reach listeners share the same melodic patterns common in Western pop music.
In addition, unique intervals also help to form earworms, potentially helping people create catchy tunes.
Studying earworms can in some ways deepen understanding of brain activity and individual differences.
【点睛】[高分句型1]It finds that songs most likely to become earworms share recognizable melodic patterns prevalent in Western pop music.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Besides, distinctive intervals also help form earworms, potentially aiding people in creating catchy tunes.（运用了现在分词作状语）