备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第六期)（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第六期)（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 38.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-04 20:44:16 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)
第六期
专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence(序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.
So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.
Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies to
using it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.
So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.
Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.
1．What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound
A．To help him fight boredom. B．To develop his creative ability.
C．To make his drug more powerful. D．To aid the process of his experiments.
2．What can we learn about Temple’s system
A．Its effect remains to be seen. B．It failed to work as expected.
C．It is too complicated to operate. D．It has produced satisfying results.
3．Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it
A．To get rid of public fear of the virus.
B．To show h1s talent in producing music.
C．To facilitate people’s understanding of science.
D．To remind people or the roe or Science in art creation.
4．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Why scientists are turning molecules into music.
B．How scientists help the public understand science.
C．Why music can be the best way to present science.
D．How music helps scientists conduct their research.
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.
The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.
America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.
“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”
Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.
Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.
Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.
5．What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms
A．It is ill reputed. B．It is mostly misapplied.
C．It is totally ignored. D．It is seemingly contradictory.
6．What has America been witnessing
A．A burning passion for improving teaching methods.
B．A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.
C．An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.
D．A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.
7．What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”
A．Tolerant. B．Enthusiastic. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
8．According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success
A．Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.
B．Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.
C．Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.
D．Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.
（2024·江苏泰州·一模）A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.
Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.
Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like puters function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.
Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.
Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.
9．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The appearance of artificial satellites. B．The components of artificial satellites.
C．The basic function of artificial satellites. D．The specific mission of artificial satellites.
10．What is the role of computers in artificial satellites
A．Providing electrical power. B．Recording changes observed.
C．Monitoring space environment. D．Processing information received.
11．How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits
A．By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.
B．By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.
C．By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.
D．By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.
12．Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly
A．They are more affected by earth’s gravity.
B．They take advantage of rockets more effectively.
C．They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.
D．They are equipped with more advanced instruments.
（2024·江苏泰州·一模）The human body possesses an efficient defense system to battle with flu viruses. The immune system protects against the attack of harmful microbes (微生物) by producing chemicals called antibodies, which are programmed to destroy a specific type of microbe. They travel in the blood and search the body for invaders (入侵者). When they find an invasive microbe, antibodies attack and destroy any cell that contains the virus. However, flu viruses can be a terrible enemy. Even if your body successfully fights against the viruses, with their ability to evolve rapidly, your body may have no protection or immunity from the new ones.
Your body produces white blood cells to protect you against infectious diseases. Your body can detect invading microbes in your bloodstream because they carry antigens in their proteins. White blood cells in your immune system, such as T cells, can sense antigens in the viruses in your cells. Once your body finds an antigen, it takes immediate action in many different ways. For example, T cells produce more antibodies, call in cells that eat microbes, and destroy cells that are infected with a virus.
One of the best things about the immune system is that it will always remember a microbe it has fought before and know just how to fight it again in the future. Your body can learn to fight so well that your immune system can completely destroy a virus before you feel sick at all.
However, even the most cautious people can become infected. Fortunately, medical scientists have developed vaccines (疫苗), which are weakened or dead flu viruses that enter a person’s body before the person gets sick. These viruses cause the body to produce antibodies to attack and destroy the strong viruses that may invade during flu season.
13．Why does flu pose a threat to the immune system
A．Microbes contain large quantities of viruses.
B．Antibodies are too weak to attack flu viruses.
C．The body has few effective ways to tackle flu.
D．It’s hard to keep pace with the evolution of viruses.
14．What does the underlined word “antigens” refer to in Paragraph 2
A．The cell protecting your body from viruses.
B．The matter serving as the indicator of viruses.
C．The antibodies helping to fight against viruses.
D．The substance destroying cells infected with viruses.
15．How do vaccines defend the body against the flu viruses
A．They strengthen the body’s immune system.
B．They battle against weakened or dead viruses.
C．They help produce antibodies to wipe out viruses.
D．They expose the body to viruses during flu season.
16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Antibodies Save Our Health. B．Vaccines Are Of Great Necessity.
C．Infectious Flu Viruses Are Around. D．Human Body Fights Against Flu Viruses.
（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）A recent study, led by Professor Andrew Barron, Dr. HaDi MaBouDi, and Professor James Marshall, illustrates how evolution has fine-tuned honey bees to make quick judgments while minimizing danger.
“Animal lives are full of decisions,” says Professor Barron. “A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.”
Bees need to work quickly and efficiently. They need to make decisions. Which flower will have a sweet liquid While they’re flying, they face threats from the air. While landing, they’re vulnerable to potential hunter, some of which pretend to look like flowers.
Researchers trained 20 bees to associate each of the five different colored “flower disks” with their visit history of reward and punishment. Blue flowers always had sugar juice. Green flowers always had a type of liquid with a bitter taste for bees. Other colors sometimes had glucose (葡萄糖). “Then we introduced each bee to a ‘garden’ with artificial ‘flowers’. We filmed each bee and timed their decision-making process,” says Dr. MaBouDi. “If the bees were confident that a flower would have food, they quickly decided to land on it, taking an average of 0.6 seconds. If they were confident that a flower wouldn’t have food, they made a decision just as quickly. If unsure, they took on average 1.4 seconds, and the time reflected the probability that a flower had food.”
The team then built a computer model mirroring the bees’ decision-making process. They found the structure of the model looked very similar to the physical layout of a bee brain. “AI researchers can learn much from bees and other ‘simple’ animals. Millions of years of evolution has led to incredibly efficient brains with very low power requirements,” says Professor Marshall who co-founded a company that uses insect brain patterns to enable machines to move autonomously, like nature.
17．Why does Professor Andrew Barron mention “a supercomputer”
A．To illustrate how a honey bee’s brain resemble each other.
B．To explain how animals arrive at informed decisions fast.
C．To demonstrate how a robot could finish a honey bee’s job.
D．To emphasize how honey bees make decisions remarkably.
18．Which of the following can best replace “vulnerable to” underlined in paragraph 3
A．Easily harmed by. B．Highly sensitive to.
C．Deeply critical to. D．Closely followed by.
19．What influenced the speed of trained bees in making decisions
A．Their judgments about reward and punishment.
B．Their preference for the colors of flower disks.
C．Their confirmation of food’s presence and absence.
D．Their ability to tell real flowers from artificial ones.
20．What message does Professor James Marshall want to give us
A．The power of bee brains is underestimated. B．Biology can inspire future AI.
C．Autonomous machines are changing nature. D．AI should be far more efficient.
（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）Are you frequently overwhelmed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind, particularly when you look through social media sites and see all the exciting things your friends are up to If so, you are not alone.
FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out, refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own, whether this concerns socializing, accomplishing professional goals or generally having a more deeply fulfilling life. It shows itself as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-respect. The feeling that we are always being left out of fundamentally important events, or that our lives are not living up to the image pictured by others, can have long-term damaging psychological consequences.
While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways. The reason why social media has such a triggering effect is tied to the appeal of social media in the first place: these are platforms which allow us to share only the most glowing presentations of our accomplishments, while leaving out the boring aspects of life. While this kind of misrepresentation could be characterized as dishonest, it is what the polished atmosphere of social media seems to demand.
So how do we avoid falling into the trap of our own insecurities Firstly, consider your own social media posts. Have you ever chosen photos or quotes which lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life Well, so have others and what they’ve left hidden is the fact that loneliness and boredom are unavoidably a part of everyone’s day-to-day life, and you are not the only one feeling left out. Secondly, learn to appreciate the positives. You may not be a regular at exciting parties or a climber of dizzying peaks, but you have your health, a place to live, and real friends who appreciate your presence in their lives. Last of all, learn to shake things off. We are all bombarded daily with images of other people’s perfection, but really, what does it matter They are probably no more real than the most ridiculous reality TV shows.
21．What can frequently experiencing FOMO lead to
A．Harm to one’s feeling of self-value. B．A more satisfying and fulfilling social life.
C．Damage to one’s work productivity. D．Less likelihood of professional success.
22．What does the author suggest in the third paragraph
A．The primary reason for FOMO is deeply rooted in social media.
B．Our own social media posts help us feel much more confident.
C．People who don’t share posts on social media are more bored.
D．Social media’s nature enhances envious feelings and self-doubt.
23．Why does the author mention reality TV shows in the last paragraph
A．To emphasize how false what we see on social media can be.
B．To indicate how complicated social media has turned to.
C．To figure out how popular and useful social media has been.
D．To point out how educational value reality TV shows reflect.
24．Which is the best title for the text
A．Myths and misconceptions about FOMO B．FOMO: what it is and how to overcome it
C．How FOMO is changing human relationships D．We’re now all in the power of “FOMO addiction”
（23-24高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）While Huawei’s official website does not call Mate 60 Pro a 5G smartphone, the phone’s wideband capabilities are on par with other 5G smartphones, raising a related question: As a leader in 5G technology, has Huawei managed to develop a 5G smartphone on its own
The answer is not simple. Huawei, as a pioneer in global 5G communication equipment, has played a leading role in the commercialization of 5G technology, with its strong system design and fields such as baseband chips (基带芯片), baseband processors and 5G modems.
However, basebands and modems are not the only aspects that define 5G wireless communication. The stability and high-quality signals of a 5G smartphone also depend on other critical components such as RF transceivers (射频收发器) and RF front ends and antennas (天线) . These components are largely dominated by four US high-tech giants—Qualcomm, Avago Technologies, Ansem and Qorvo—which account for a surprising global market share.
Huawei has faced significant challenges in getting critical components because of the sanctions imposed by the United States which are primarily responsible for the inability of the Chinese company to launch 5G smartphones in the past three years. However, Mate 60 Pro, despite not being labeled a 5G device, exhibits mobile network speeds comparable to Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices, offering a stable communication experience. This suggests Huawei has, over the past three years, overcome the 5G development and production limits due to the US sanctions by cooperating with domestic partners, and establishing an independent and controllable stable supply chain.
Considering that Huawei has not explicitly marketed this device as a 5G smartphone, it is possible that it is yet to fully overcome some key core technological and componential shortcomings. For the time being, we can consider Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro as 4.99G. But when combined with the satellite communication capabilities of Mate 60 Pro, it is clear Huawei has been trying to find more advanced wireless communication solutions for smartphones and making significant progress in this attempt. This should be recognized as a remarkable endeavor, even a breakthrough.
25．What do the underlined words “on par with” mean in Paragraph 1
A．as poor as. B．as good as. C．worse than. D．better than.
26．Why was it tough for Huawei to develop a 5G smartphone three years ago
A．Its system design and fields needed to be updated.
B．It only focused on the commercialization of 5G technology.
C．It was unwilling to cooperate with high-tech giants in America.
D．It lacked critical components mainly controlled by US high-tech giants.
27．What does Paragraph 4 centre on
A．The US sanctions. B．Critical components.
C．Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices. D．Progress in Mate 60 Pro.
28．What is the text mainly about
A．Huawei faced with significant challenges
B．Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a 5G smartphone
C．Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a remarkable breakthrough
D．Huawei leading in global 5G communication equipment
（23-24高三上·江苏无锡·期末）Blue-light-filtering glasses (滤蓝光眼镜) have become an increasingly popular solution for protecting our eyes from electronic screens’ near-inescapable glow — light that is commonly associated with eyestrain (眼疲劳). In recent years they’ve even become fashion statements that are recognized by celebrities and ranked in style guides. But a recent review paper shows such glasses might not be as effective as people think.
The paper, published last week in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, analyzed data from previous trials that studied how blue-light-filtering glasses affect vision tiredness and eye health. The study’s authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.
“It’s an excellent review,” says Mark Rosenfield, a professor at the State University of New York College of Optometry, who was not involved in the study. “The conclusions are no surprise at all. There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there’s just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have any effect on eyestrain.” He adds that the new review reinforces the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain despite them being specifically marketed for that purpose. As for using blue-light-filtering eyeglasses for eye health, for now, Rosenfield says, “there’s nothing to support people buying them”.
The strain we may feel while staring at our phone or computer screen too long is likely to be caused by multiple factors, such as bad habits or underlying conditions, an associate professor of vision science at the University of Melbourne, Downie says. She argues that how we interact with digital devices contributes more to eyestrain than screens’ blue light does. Changing the frequency and duration of screen usage and distancing one’s eyes from the screens might be more important in reducing discomfort, Downie says. She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.
29．What can we know about blue-light-filtering glasses from the text
A．They can improve eyesight. B．They may not reduce eyestrain.
C．They can promote eye health. D．They can help to cure eye diseases.
30．What can we infer from paragraph 2
A．A great many professors were involved in the study.
B．Blue-blocking glasses on the market are harmful to eyes.
C．The finding of the study comes as a surprise to the public.
D．Data from previous trials help the study a lot.
31．What does the underlined word “reinforces” mean in paragraph 3
A．Denies. B．Opposes. C．Strengthens. D．Evaluates.
32．What should we do if we suffer from eyestrain according to Downie
A．Wear blue-light-filtering glasses. B．Have an examination in the hospital.
C．Stop staring at the screen for ever. D．Focus on the frequency of phone usage.
（2024·江苏连云港·一模）Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon (柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered,” says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.
“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongs require daily exercise, Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.
She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from warbling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it’s quite easy,” she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, ‘I need to sing.’” At that point, she’d tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.
After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily.
Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing.
It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out.
33．According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.
A．warn other birds of risks B．produce more songs
C．perform perfectly in singing D．defend their territory
34．What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Prepares. B．Stimulates. C．Forbids. D．Frightens.
35．What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment
A．They lost the ability to sing. B．They strengthened their muscles.
C．Their songs showed no difference. D．Their songs became less appealing.
36．What may Iris Adam agree with
A．The songbirds live on music. B．The songbirds are born singers.
C．Daily exercise keeps birds healthy. D．Practice makes birds perfect singers.
（23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末）Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere. While Venus’s cold and unpleasant landscape does make it seem far less like Earth, scientists recently detected another striking similarity between the two, the presence of active volcanoes.
When NASA’s Magellan mission mapped much of the planet with radar in the 1990sit revealed an unexpectedly youthful surface-there were surprisingly a few craters (火山口)which suggested active geologic (地质的) processes. Although few missions have visited Venus since then, researchers have continued to mine the collection of data from.
Using this decades-old data, planetary scientist Robert Herrick discovered that a Magellan. volcano called Maat Mons is alive with volcanic activity. In this case, lava(岩浆)flows that moved for eight months during an imaging cycle from 1990 to 1992, according to a study published in Science in 2023. The findings are the first real evidence that volcanoes have erupted on Venus during modern times.
What’s more, volcanic activity on Venus could be even more common and dramatic than on Earth. A study published in JGR Planets in 2023 mapped out enormous potential volcanic features on Venus’ surface, and there’s a good chance that some of them could be active today. On top of that, another 2023 study, also in JGR Planets, found that the very high surface temperature on Venus, over 900 degrees Fahrenheit, allows lava flows to slowly leak out.
A list of new missions are headed to Venus over the next decade, including NASA’s Veritas mission, which aims to map the planet’s surface to better understand its geologic history. These projects should settle the question of how the paths of Venus and Earth divided so sharply, with one becoming a hell and the other able to harbor life, and confirm whether volcanoes are still erupting on the planet today.
37．Why does the writer mention Venus is Earth’s twin in Paragraph 1
A．To prove a theory. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To clarify a concept. D．To make predictions.
38．What can we learn from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．Robert Herrick’s discovery was based on previous data.
B．The findings are the first evidence of volcanoes on Venus.
C．There are more huge volcanoes on Venus than on Earth.
D．Volcanic activities on Venus are as common as on Earth.
39．What is the significance of NASA’s future study of Venus
A．Mapping the surface of Venus with accuracy.
B．Analyzing how volcanoes came into existence.
C．Understanding how the two planets evolved differently.
D．Confirming whether Venus is suitable for humans to live.
40．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Venus Is Earth’s Twin. B．Venus Is an Awful Hell.
C．Venus Is a Youthful Planet. D．Venus Is Volcanically Active.
参考答案：
1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家Mark Temple为什么以及如何将DNA数据转化为声音，以及这种转化对科学研究和科学传播的价值。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.(Temple在第一次实验中创建了自己的算法软件，将数据转化为声音，他相信由此产生的音乐可以用来改善研究和科学交流)”可知，Temple将DNA数据转化为声音的目的是帮助改善研究，协助进行实验。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段的“So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”.(因此，Temple 决定增加声音的层次，使声音化的歌曲。他看到了“声音化”和“沉思化”之间的明显区别。使用声音来表示数据是科学的，但与使用创造性输入来制作歌曲截然不同)以及最后一段“Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.(Temple将这项工作视为一种有效的沟通工具，将帮助普通观众理解生物学中的复杂系统。他曾在澳大利亚的音乐厅公开表演他的歌曲)”可知，Temple研究的系统看到了和之前截然不同的效果，而且帮助人们理解生物学中的复杂系统。由此可推知，他的研究系统出现了令人满意的效果。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. (Temple将这项工作视为一种有效的沟通工具，将帮助普通观众理解生物学中的复杂系统)”可知，Temple在对病毒进行声波处理时试图让它听起来像真正的音乐的原因是为了促进人们对科学的理解。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.(在他介绍这种药物之前，他会在屏幕上观察DNA组合，看看什么对实验最有效，但序列的视觉读数往往大得难以想象)”以及第二段的“So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. (因此，Temple想知道是否有一种更容易的方法来检测有利的模式)”以及全文的内容可知，文章主要讲述了科学家Mark Temple为什么以及如何将DNA数据转化为声音，以及这种转化对科学研究和科学传播的价值。故选A。
5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了美国一直存在的教授孩子阅读方法的长时间争议。文章指出，实际上，研究已经证明了音节发音法的有效性。缺乏适当培训的教师可能会运用自己学会阅读的方式来教学，而不是重视音节发音的教学方法。同时，文章还提到密西西比州通过采用科学上有依据的阅读方法，在全美国范围内取得了显著的进步。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.(但在许多教室里，这可能是一个肮脏的词。以至于一些老师不得不把自然拼读法的教材偷偷带进教室。一项又一项研究发现，大多数美国孩子被教导阅读的方式是错误的。)”可知，一些老师不得不把自然拼读法的教材偷偷带进教室，由此推断自然拼读在美国的大多数教室中被认为是名声不好的。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades.(美国陷入了一场关于教孩子阅读的争论，这场争论已经持续了几十年。)”可知，关于如何教孩子阅读的争论持续了很久。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中““A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”(“一点自然拼读法是远远不够的。密西西比州教育部小学教育和阅读执行主任Tenette Smith说，“它必须是系统的、明确的教学。”)”可知，Tenette Smith认为一点自然拼读法是远远不够的，它必须是系统的和明确的教学，故其对“balanced literacy”的态度是不赞同的。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. (密西西比的成功归功于阅读方法的应用，这些方法得到了一系列被称为阅读科学的研究的支持。)”以及本段中“They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.(他们发现，在音素意识、流畅性和理解方面的明确指导下，自然拼读法效果最好。)”可知，作者认为，采用科学的方法来教授阅读有助于密西西比的成功。故选C。
9．B 10．D 11．C 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星的组成、运行方式和速度等基本情况。
9．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work.(在外面，它们可能看起来像一个轮子，配备了太阳能电池板或帆。卫星内部装有特定任务的科学仪器，其中包括卫星执行工作所需的任何工具)”可知，文章第二段主要讲的是人造卫星的组成部分。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth.(计算机就像卫星的大脑一样，接收信息，解释信息，并将信息发回地球)”可知，计算机在人造卫星中的作用是处理接收到的信息。故选D项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity.(人造卫星利用重力保持在轨道上。地球的引力把所有东西都拉向地球的中心。为了保持在地球轨道上运行，卫星的速度必须根据引力最微小的变化进行调整)”可知，人造卫星是通过在重力的作用下不断改变速度保持在轨道上的。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.(离地球越近，引力就越强。因此，这些卫星必须以每小时17000英里的速度运行，以防止落回地球，而轨道较高的卫星运行速度更慢)”可知，高地球轨道上的卫星运行速度较慢是因为它们在高轨道上的引力较弱。故选C项。
13．D 14．B 15．C 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人体如何对抗流感病毒。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Even if your body successfully fights against the viruses, with their ability to evolve rapidly, your body may have no protection or immunity from the new ones.(即使你的身体成功地对抗了病毒，由于病毒的快速进化能力，你的身体可能对新病毒没有保护或免疫力)”可知，流感对免疫系统构成威胁是因为病毒能快速进化，很难跟上病毒进化的步伐。故选D。
14．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Your body can detect invading microbes in your bloodstream because they carry antigens in their proteins.(你的身体可以检测到血液中的入侵微生物，因为它们的蛋白质中携带着antigens)”可知，身体可以检测到血液中的入侵微生物，是因为微生物的蛋白质中携带者antigens。由此推知，antigens是作为病毒指示物的物质，故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Fortunately, medical scientists have developed vaccines (疫苗), which are weakened or dead flu viruses that enter a person’s body before the person gets sick. These viruses cause the body to produce antibodies to attack and destroy the strong viruses that may invade during flu season.(幸运的是，医学科学家已经开发出疫苗，这种疫苗是弱化或死亡的流感病毒，在人生病之前进入人体。这些病毒使身体产生抗体，攻击和摧毁可能在流感季节入侵的强病毒)”可知，疫苗是弱化或死亡的流感病毒，帮助身体产生抗体来消灭病毒，故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“The human body possesses an efficient defense system to battle with flu viruses.(人体拥有对抗流感病毒的有效防御系统)”可知，文章主要介绍了人体如何对抗流感病毒。由此可知，D项“人体对抗流感病毒”为最佳标题，故选D。
17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项新的研究揭示了蜜蜂如何在快速做出判断的同时尽量减少危险。研究发现，蜜蜂的决策速度和准确性超过了人类，并且构建了一个模拟蜜蜂决策过程的计算机模型。研究人员认为，人工智能研究者可以从蜜蜂等“简单”动物身上学到很多。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段中安德鲁·巴伦教授的话“A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.(蜜蜂的大脑比芝麻还小。然而，它可以比我们更快、更准确地做出决定。一个被编程来做蜜蜂工作的机器人需要超级计算机的支持)”可知，被编程来做蜜蜂工作的机器人需要超级计算机的支持才能完成工作。由此推知，安德鲁·巴伦教授提到“超级计算机”是为了通过比较来强调蜜蜂卓越的决策能力。故选D项。
18．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后“potential hunter, some of which pretend to look like flowers.(……潜在的猎人，其中一些伪装成花朵)”可知，蜜蜂的敌人有巧妙的伪装，由此推知，它们很容易受到伤害。划线词短语vulnerable to与同义easily harmed by，意为“易受……的伤害或攻击”。故选A项。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“If the bees were confident that a flower would have food, they quickly decided to land on it, taking an average of 0.6 seconds. If they were confident that a flower wouldn’t have food, they made a decision just as quickly. If unsure, they took on average 1.4 seconds, and the time reflected the probability that a flower had food.(如果蜜蜂确信一朵花上有食物，它们会迅速决定降落在花上，平均耗时0.6秒。如果它们确信一朵花没有食物，它们也会很快做出决定。如果不确定，它们平均花费1.4秒，这个时间反映了花有食物的可能性)”可知，确认有没有食物影响了训练有素的蜜蜂做决定的速度。故选C项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段中詹姆斯·马歇尔教授的话“AI researchers can learn much from bees and other ‘simple’ animals. Millions of years of evolution has led to incredibly efficient brains with very low power requirements (人工智能研究人员可以从蜜蜂和其他“简单”动物身上学到很多东西。数百万年的进化造就了效率极高、能量需求极低的大脑)”可知，詹姆斯·马歇尔教授想说的是生物学可以给未来的人工智能一些启发。故选B项。
21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了FOMO这一现象以及FOMO带给我们的危害，指出社交表明媒体的本质增强了嫉妒感和自我怀疑，并对如何克服陷入不安全感的陷阱提出了建议。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out, refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own, whether this concerns socializing, accomplishing professional goals or generally having a more deeply fulfilling life. It shows itself as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-respect.(FOMO指的是一种认为别人的生活比自己优越的感觉，无论是在社交、完成职业目标还是拥有更充实的生活方面。它表现为一种深刻的嫉妒感，持续的暴露会削弱我们的自尊)”可知，频繁经历FOMO会导致损害某人的自我价值感。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段“While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways.(虽然嫉妒和缺乏信心的感觉似乎是人类的天性，但社交媒体似乎在几个方面给这种情绪火上浇油)”可知，作者在第三段表明媒体的本质增强了嫉妒感和自我怀疑。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Last of all, learn to shake things off. We are all bombarded daily with images of other people’s perfection, but really, what does it matter They are probably no more real than the most ridiculous reality TV shows.(最后，学会摆脱困境。我们每天都被别人的完美形象轰炸，但实际上，这又有什么关系呢？它们可能并不比最荒谬的电视真人秀更真实)”可推知，作者在最后一段提到了电视真人秀是为了强调我们在社交媒体上看到的东西有多虚假。故选A。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Are you frequently overwhelmed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind, particularly when you look through social media sites and see all the exciting things your friends are up to If so, you are not alone.(你是否经常感到生活离你而去，尤其是当你浏览社交媒体网站，看到你的朋友们正在做的所有令人兴奋的事情时？如果是这样，你并不孤单)”结合文章主要解释了FOMO这一现象以及FOMO带给我们的危害，指出社交表明媒体的本质增强了嫉妒感和自我怀疑，并对如何克服陷入不安全感的陷阱提出了建议。可知，B选项“FOMO：它是什么以及如何克服它”最符合文章标题。故选B。
25．B 26．D 27．D 28．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了华为研发的智能手机Mate 60 Pro取得的重大突破。
25．词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句“While Huawei’s official website does not call Mate 60 Pro a 5G smartphone, the phone’s wideband capabilities are on par with other 5G smartphones(虽然华为官方网站并未将Mate 60 Pro称为5G智能手机，但这款手机的宽带功能与其他5G智能手机on par with)”可知，while引导让步状语从句，前后文是转折关系，因此推断尽管华为官网并没有说明Mate 60 Pro是5G智能手机，但是这款手机的宽带功能却与5G手机的功能一样好。因此推断划线部分与B项一致。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Huawei has faced significant challenges in getting critical components because of the sanctions imposed by the United States which are primarily responsible for the inability of the Chinese company to launch 5G smartphones in the past three years(由于美国实施的制裁，华为在获得关键零部件方面面临重大挑战，这是过去三年这家中国公司无法推出5G智能手机的主要原因)”可知，因为缺少主要由美国高科技巨头控制的关键部件，三年前华为很难研发出5G只能手机。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“However, Mate 60 Pro, despite not being labeled a 5G device, exhibits mobile network speeds comparable to Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices, offering a stable communication experience. This suggests Huawei has, over the past three years, overcome the 5G development and production limits due to the US sanctions by cooperating with domestic partners, and establishing an independent and controllable stable supply chain.(然而，Mate 60 Pro尽管没有被贴上5G设备的标签，但其移动网络速度与苹果最新的5G设备相当，提供了稳定的通信体验。这表明华为在过去三年中，通过与国内合作伙伴合作，克服了美国制裁造成的5G研发和生产限制，建立了独立可控的稳定供应链。)”可知，本段的焦点是说明华为Mate 60 Pro的进展。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段的“But when combined with the satellite communication capabilities of Mate 60 Pro, it is clear Huawei has been trying to find more advanced wireless communication solutions for smartphones and making significant progress in this attempt. This should be recognized as a remarkable endeavor, even a breakthrough.( 但结合Mate 60 Pro的卫星通信功能，很明显华为一直在努力为智能手机寻找更先进的无线通信解决方案，并在这一尝试中取得了重大进展。这应该被认为是一项非凡的努力，甚至是一项突破。)”可知，本文主要讲述了华为Mate 60 Pro智能手机取得的非凡的突破。故选C。
29．B 30．D 31．C 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项研究发现蓝光过滤眼镜并没有减少人们看电子屏幕后的眼睛疲劳。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study’s authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.(该研究的作者发现，戴蓝光过滤眼镜并不能减少人们使用电脑后的眼睛疲劳感。)”可知，蓝光过滤眼镜并没有减轻眼睛疲劳。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The paper, published last week in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, analyzed data from previous trials that studied how blue-light-filtering glasses affect vision tiredness and eye health.(上周发表在Cochrane系统评价数据库上的这篇论文分析了之前研究蓝光过滤眼镜如何影响视力疲劳和眼睛健康的试验数据。)”可知，这篇论文分析了之前研究蓝光过滤眼镜如何影响视力疲劳和眼睛健康的试验数据，由此可推测出，从前实验的数据对这项研究很有帮助。故选D。
31．词义猜测题。画线词前的“There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there’s just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have any effect on eyestrain.(有许多研究发现了完全相同的事情，就是没有证据表明阻蓝眼镜对眼睛疲劳有任何影响。)”讲述了之前的研究也发现了没有证据表明阻蓝眼镜能减轻眼睛疲劳，再结合画线词后的“the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain”可推测出，这个新报告进一步强化了没有证据表明阻蓝眼镜对眼睛疲劳有影响的事实。reinforce意为“加强”，与strengthen意思最接近。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.(她补充说，眼睛疲劳的人应该去看医生，评估他们是否有潜在的健康问题，如远视或干眼病。)”可知，Downie认为如果我们眼睛疲劳，我们应该去医院检查一下。故选B。
33．C 34．B 35．D 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神经学家艾瑞斯·亚当对于为什么鸟唱得这么多歌的研究。
33．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. (它们可能每天都要唱很多歌，让它们的声带肌肉得到定期锻炼，从而创作出高质量的歌曲)”可知，亚当认为鸟儿每天都要唱很多歌，是为了更加完美地演唱。故选C。
34．词句猜测题。由划线词上文“She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. (她把它们关在黑暗的笼子里，整整一个星期不让它们唱歌)”和下文“so she had to work to keep them from warbling”可知，光是刺激鸟儿歌唱的东西，所以她必须努力不让它们鸣叫，她把它们关在黑暗的笼子里。由此可知，划线词的含义为“刺激”。A. Prepares准备；B. Stimulates刺激；C. Forbids禁止；D. Frightens使惊吓。故选B。
35．细节理解题。由文章第四段“After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily. (一周后，鸟儿唱歌的肌肉失去了一半的力量。但亚当想知道这是否会影响歌曲的质量。当她在七天的黑暗之前和之后播放雄性的歌曲时，她听不出有什么不同。但是当亚当把这首歌放给一群雌鸟听时，九只雌鸟中有六只更喜欢每天都在使用唱歌肌肉的雄鸟发出的歌)”和第五段“Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing. (亚当的结论表明，“鸣禽需要锻炼发声肌肉，才能唱出最好的歌曲。”如果它们不唱歌，就会失去表演能力，它们的歌声对雌性的吸引力也会降低。“这可能有助于解释鸣禽的持续歌唱)”可知，实验中关在笼子里的鸟的歌曲变得不那么有吸引力了。故选D。
36．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing. (亚当的结论表明，“鸣禽需要锻炼发声肌肉，才能唱出最好的歌曲。”如果它们不唱歌，就会失去表演能力，它们的歌声对雌性的吸引力也会降低。“这可能有助于解释鸣禽的持续歌唱)”可推知，亚当认为练习使鸟成为完美的歌手。故选D。
37．B 38．A 39．C 40．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新的研究证实金星上存在活火山。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere.”（金星有时被称为“地球的孪生兄弟”，在大小和组成上与地球相似。这两颗岩石行星与太阳的距离也大致相同，而且都有大气层。）可知，第一段开头说金星就像地球的双胞胎一样，两者在体积、构造、和太阳的距离等方面相似，是为了引出本文的话题：金星和地球的有一个相似之处——火山活动。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Using this decades-old data, planetary scientist Robert Herrick discovered that a Magellan.”（利用这些几十年前的数据，行星科学家罗伯特·赫里克发现麦哲伦号。）可知，Robert Herrick 的研究是使用的以前的数据。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据第五段“These projects should settle the question of how the paths of Venus and Earth divided so sharply, with one becoming a hell and the other able to harbor life, and confirm whether volcanoes are still erupting on the planet today.”（这些项目应该能解决金星和地球的轨道为何如此泾渭分明，一个变成地狱，而另一个却能孕育生命的问题，并确认今天地球上的火山是否仍在喷发。）可知，未来的项目可以帮助了解金星像地狱一样而地球进化为宜居星球的原因，以及进一步证实现在金星上是否还有火山喷发活动。故选C项。
40．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In this case, lava (岩浆) flows that moved for eight months during an imaging cycle from 1990 to 1992, according to a study published in Science in 2023. The findings are the first real evidence that volcanoes have erupted on Venus during modern times.”（根据2023年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，在这种情况下，熔岩流在1990年至1992年的成像周期中移动了8个月。这一发现是第一个真正的证据，表明金星在现代曾经爆发过火山。）可知，本文讲述了新的研究证明金星上存在火山活动，D项“金星有火山活动”符合题意。故选D项。
第六期
专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence(序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.
So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.
Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies to
using it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.
So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.
Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.
1．What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound
A．To help him fight boredom. B．To develop his creative ability.
C．To make his drug more powerful. D．To aid the process of his experiments.
2．What can we learn about Temple’s system
A．Its effect remains to be seen. B．It failed to work as expected.
C．It is too complicated to operate. D．It has produced satisfying results.
3．Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it
A．To get rid of public fear of the virus.
B．To show h1s talent in producing music.
C．To facilitate people’s understanding of science.
D．To remind people or the roe or Science in art creation.
4．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Why scientists are turning molecules into music.
B．How scientists help the public understand science.
C．Why music can be the best way to present science.
D．How music helps scientists conduct their research.
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.
The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.
America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.
“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”
Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.
Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.
Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.
5．What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms
A．It is ill reputed. B．It is mostly misapplied.
C．It is totally ignored. D．It is seemingly contradictory.
6．What has America been witnessing
A．A burning passion for improving teaching methods.
B．A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.
C．An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.
D．A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.
7．What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”
A．Tolerant. B．Enthusiastic. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
8．According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success
A．Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.
B．Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.
C．Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.
D．Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.
（2024·江苏泰州·一模）A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.
Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.
Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like puters function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.
Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.
Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.
9．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The appearance of artificial satellites. B．The components of artificial satellites.
C．The basic function of artificial satellites. D．The specific mission of artificial satellites.
10．What is the role of computers in artificial satellites
A．Providing electrical power. B．Recording changes observed.
C．Monitoring space environment. D．Processing information received.
11．How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits
A．By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.
B．By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.
C．By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.
D．By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.
12．Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly
A．They are more affected by earth’s gravity.
B．They take advantage of rockets more effectively.
C．They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.
D．They are equipped with more advanced instruments.
（2024·江苏泰州·一模）The human body possesses an efficient defense system to battle with flu viruses. The immune system protects against the attack of harmful microbes (微生物) by producing chemicals called antibodies, which are programmed to destroy a specific type of microbe. They travel in the blood and search the body for invaders (入侵者). When they find an invasive microbe, antibodies attack and destroy any cell that contains the virus. However, flu viruses can be a terrible enemy. Even if your body successfully fights against the viruses, with their ability to evolve rapidly, your body may have no protection or immunity from the new ones.
Your body produces white blood cells to protect you against infectious diseases. Your body can detect invading microbes in your bloodstream because they carry antigens in their proteins. White blood cells in your immune system, such as T cells, can sense antigens in the viruses in your cells. Once your body finds an antigen, it takes immediate action in many different ways. For example, T cells produce more antibodies, call in cells that eat microbes, and destroy cells that are infected with a virus.
One of the best things about the immune system is that it will always remember a microbe it has fought before and know just how to fight it again in the future. Your body can learn to fight so well that your immune system can completely destroy a virus before you feel sick at all.
However, even the most cautious people can become infected. Fortunately, medical scientists have developed vaccines (疫苗), which are weakened or dead flu viruses that enter a person’s body before the person gets sick. These viruses cause the body to produce antibodies to attack and destroy the strong viruses that may invade during flu season.
13．Why does flu pose a threat to the immune system
A．Microbes contain large quantities of viruses.
B．Antibodies are too weak to attack flu viruses.
C．The body has few effective ways to tackle flu.
D．It’s hard to keep pace with the evolution of viruses.
14．What does the underlined word “antigens” refer to in Paragraph 2
A．The cell protecting your body from viruses.
B．The matter serving as the indicator of viruses.
C．The antibodies helping to fight against viruses.
D．The substance destroying cells infected with viruses.
15．How do vaccines defend the body against the flu viruses
A．They strengthen the body’s immune system.
B．They battle against weakened or dead viruses.
C．They help produce antibodies to wipe out viruses.
D．They expose the body to viruses during flu season.
16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Antibodies Save Our Health. B．Vaccines Are Of Great Necessity.
C．Infectious Flu Viruses Are Around. D．Human Body Fights Against Flu Viruses.
（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）A recent study, led by Professor Andrew Barron, Dr. HaDi MaBouDi, and Professor James Marshall, illustrates how evolution has fine-tuned honey bees to make quick judgments while minimizing danger.
“Animal lives are full of decisions,” says Professor Barron. “A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.”
Bees need to work quickly and efficiently. They need to make decisions. Which flower will have a sweet liquid While they’re flying, they face threats from the air. While landing, they’re vulnerable to potential hunter, some of which pretend to look like flowers.
Researchers trained 20 bees to associate each of the five different colored “flower disks” with their visit history of reward and punishment. Blue flowers always had sugar juice. Green flowers always had a type of liquid with a bitter taste for bees. Other colors sometimes had glucose (葡萄糖). “Then we introduced each bee to a ‘garden’ with artificial ‘flowers’. We filmed each bee and timed their decision-making process,” says Dr. MaBouDi. “If the bees were confident that a flower would have food, they quickly decided to land on it, taking an average of 0.6 seconds. If they were confident that a flower wouldn’t have food, they made a decision just as quickly. If unsure, they took on average 1.4 seconds, and the time reflected the probability that a flower had food.”
The team then built a computer model mirroring the bees’ decision-making process. They found the structure of the model looked very similar to the physical layout of a bee brain. “AI researchers can learn much from bees and other ‘simple’ animals. Millions of years of evolution has led to incredibly efficient brains with very low power requirements,” says Professor Marshall who co-founded a company that uses insect brain patterns to enable machines to move autonomously, like nature.
17．Why does Professor Andrew Barron mention “a supercomputer”
A．To illustrate how a honey bee’s brain resemble each other.
B．To explain how animals arrive at informed decisions fast.
C．To demonstrate how a robot could finish a honey bee’s job.
D．To emphasize how honey bees make decisions remarkably.
18．Which of the following can best replace “vulnerable to” underlined in paragraph 3
A．Easily harmed by. B．Highly sensitive to.
C．Deeply critical to. D．Closely followed by.
19．What influenced the speed of trained bees in making decisions
A．Their judgments about reward and punishment.
B．Their preference for the colors of flower disks.
C．Their confirmation of food’s presence and absence.
D．Their ability to tell real flowers from artificial ones.
20．What message does Professor James Marshall want to give us
A．The power of bee brains is underestimated. B．Biology can inspire future AI.
C．Autonomous machines are changing nature. D．AI should be far more efficient.
（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）Are you frequently overwhelmed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind, particularly when you look through social media sites and see all the exciting things your friends are up to If so, you are not alone.
FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out, refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own, whether this concerns socializing, accomplishing professional goals or generally having a more deeply fulfilling life. It shows itself as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-respect. The feeling that we are always being left out of fundamentally important events, or that our lives are not living up to the image pictured by others, can have long-term damaging psychological consequences.
While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways. The reason why social media has such a triggering effect is tied to the appeal of social media in the first place: these are platforms which allow us to share only the most glowing presentations of our accomplishments, while leaving out the boring aspects of life. While this kind of misrepresentation could be characterized as dishonest, it is what the polished atmosphere of social media seems to demand.
So how do we avoid falling into the trap of our own insecurities Firstly, consider your own social media posts. Have you ever chosen photos or quotes which lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life Well, so have others and what they’ve left hidden is the fact that loneliness and boredom are unavoidably a part of everyone’s day-to-day life, and you are not the only one feeling left out. Secondly, learn to appreciate the positives. You may not be a regular at exciting parties or a climber of dizzying peaks, but you have your health, a place to live, and real friends who appreciate your presence in their lives. Last of all, learn to shake things off. We are all bombarded daily with images of other people’s perfection, but really, what does it matter They are probably no more real than the most ridiculous reality TV shows.
21．What can frequently experiencing FOMO lead to
A．Harm to one’s feeling of self-value. B．A more satisfying and fulfilling social life.
C．Damage to one’s work productivity. D．Less likelihood of professional success.
22．What does the author suggest in the third paragraph
A．The primary reason for FOMO is deeply rooted in social media.
B．Our own social media posts help us feel much more confident.
C．People who don’t share posts on social media are more bored.
D．Social media’s nature enhances envious feelings and self-doubt.
23．Why does the author mention reality TV shows in the last paragraph
A．To emphasize how false what we see on social media can be.
B．To indicate how complicated social media has turned to.
C．To figure out how popular and useful social media has been.
D．To point out how educational value reality TV shows reflect.
24．Which is the best title for the text
A．Myths and misconceptions about FOMO B．FOMO: what it is and how to overcome it
C．How FOMO is changing human relationships D．We’re now all in the power of “FOMO addiction”
（23-24高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）While Huawei’s official website does not call Mate 60 Pro a 5G smartphone, the phone’s wideband capabilities are on par with other 5G smartphones, raising a related question: As a leader in 5G technology, has Huawei managed to develop a 5G smartphone on its own
The answer is not simple. Huawei, as a pioneer in global 5G communication equipment, has played a leading role in the commercialization of 5G technology, with its strong system design and fields such as baseband chips (基带芯片), baseband processors and 5G modems.
However, basebands and modems are not the only aspects that define 5G wireless communication. The stability and high-quality signals of a 5G smartphone also depend on other critical components such as RF transceivers (射频收发器) and RF front ends and antennas (天线) . These components are largely dominated by four US high-tech giants—Qualcomm, Avago Technologies, Ansem and Qorvo—which account for a surprising global market share.
Huawei has faced significant challenges in getting critical components because of the sanctions imposed by the United States which are primarily responsible for the inability of the Chinese company to launch 5G smartphones in the past three years. However, Mate 60 Pro, despite not being labeled a 5G device, exhibits mobile network speeds comparable to Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices, offering a stable communication experience. This suggests Huawei has, over the past three years, overcome the 5G development and production limits due to the US sanctions by cooperating with domestic partners, and establishing an independent and controllable stable supply chain.
Considering that Huawei has not explicitly marketed this device as a 5G smartphone, it is possible that it is yet to fully overcome some key core technological and componential shortcomings. For the time being, we can consider Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro as 4.99G. But when combined with the satellite communication capabilities of Mate 60 Pro, it is clear Huawei has been trying to find more advanced wireless communication solutions for smartphones and making significant progress in this attempt. This should be recognized as a remarkable endeavor, even a breakthrough.
25．What do the underlined words “on par with” mean in Paragraph 1
A．as poor as. B．as good as. C．worse than. D．better than.
26．Why was it tough for Huawei to develop a 5G smartphone three years ago
A．Its system design and fields needed to be updated.
B．It only focused on the commercialization of 5G technology.
C．It was unwilling to cooperate with high-tech giants in America.
D．It lacked critical components mainly controlled by US high-tech giants.
27．What does Paragraph 4 centre on
A．The US sanctions. B．Critical components.
C．Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices. D．Progress in Mate 60 Pro.
28．What is the text mainly about
A．Huawei faced with significant challenges
B．Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a 5G smartphone
C．Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a remarkable breakthrough
D．Huawei leading in global 5G communication equipment
（23-24高三上·江苏无锡·期末）Blue-light-filtering glasses (滤蓝光眼镜) have become an increasingly popular solution for protecting our eyes from electronic screens’ near-inescapable glow — light that is commonly associated with eyestrain (眼疲劳). In recent years they’ve even become fashion statements that are recognized by celebrities and ranked in style guides. But a recent review paper shows such glasses might not be as effective as people think.
The paper, published last week in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, analyzed data from previous trials that studied how blue-light-filtering glasses affect vision tiredness and eye health. The study’s authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.
“It’s an excellent review,” says Mark Rosenfield, a professor at the State University of New York College of Optometry, who was not involved in the study. “The conclusions are no surprise at all. There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there’s just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have any effect on eyestrain.” He adds that the new review reinforces the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain despite them being specifically marketed for that purpose. As for using blue-light-filtering eyeglasses for eye health, for now, Rosenfield says, “there’s nothing to support people buying them”.
The strain we may feel while staring at our phone or computer screen too long is likely to be caused by multiple factors, such as bad habits or underlying conditions, an associate professor of vision science at the University of Melbourne, Downie says. She argues that how we interact with digital devices contributes more to eyestrain than screens’ blue light does. Changing the frequency and duration of screen usage and distancing one’s eyes from the screens might be more important in reducing discomfort, Downie says. She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.
29．What can we know about blue-light-filtering glasses from the text
A．They can improve eyesight. B．They may not reduce eyestrain.
C．They can promote eye health. D．They can help to cure eye diseases.
30．What can we infer from paragraph 2
A．A great many professors were involved in the study.
B．Blue-blocking glasses on the market are harmful to eyes.
C．The finding of the study comes as a surprise to the public.
D．Data from previous trials help the study a lot.
31．What does the underlined word “reinforces” mean in paragraph 3
A．Denies. B．Opposes. C．Strengthens. D．Evaluates.
32．What should we do if we suffer from eyestrain according to Downie
A．Wear blue-light-filtering glasses. B．Have an examination in the hospital.
C．Stop staring at the screen for ever. D．Focus on the frequency of phone usage.
（2024·江苏连云港·一模）Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon (柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered,” says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.
“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongs require daily exercise, Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.
She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from warbling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it’s quite easy,” she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, ‘I need to sing.’” At that point, she’d tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.
After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily.
Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing.
It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out.
33．According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.
A．warn other birds of risks B．produce more songs
C．perform perfectly in singing D．defend their territory
34．What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Prepares. B．Stimulates. C．Forbids. D．Frightens.
35．What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment
A．They lost the ability to sing. B．They strengthened their muscles.
C．Their songs showed no difference. D．Their songs became less appealing.
36．What may Iris Adam agree with
A．The songbirds live on music. B．The songbirds are born singers.
C．Daily exercise keeps birds healthy. D．Practice makes birds perfect singers.
（23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末）Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere. While Venus’s cold and unpleasant landscape does make it seem far less like Earth, scientists recently detected another striking similarity between the two, the presence of active volcanoes.
When NASA’s Magellan mission mapped much of the planet with radar in the 1990sit revealed an unexpectedly youthful surface-there were surprisingly a few craters (火山口)which suggested active geologic (地质的) processes. Although few missions have visited Venus since then, researchers have continued to mine the collection of data from.
Using this decades-old data, planetary scientist Robert Herrick discovered that a Magellan. volcano called Maat Mons is alive with volcanic activity. In this case, lava(岩浆)flows that moved for eight months during an imaging cycle from 1990 to 1992, according to a study published in Science in 2023. The findings are the first real evidence that volcanoes have erupted on Venus during modern times.
What’s more, volcanic activity on Venus could be even more common and dramatic than on Earth. A study published in JGR Planets in 2023 mapped out enormous potential volcanic features on Venus’ surface, and there’s a good chance that some of them could be active today. On top of that, another 2023 study, also in JGR Planets, found that the very high surface temperature on Venus, over 900 degrees Fahrenheit, allows lava flows to slowly leak out.
A list of new missions are headed to Venus over the next decade, including NASA’s Veritas mission, which aims to map the planet’s surface to better understand its geologic history. These projects should settle the question of how the paths of Venus and Earth divided so sharply, with one becoming a hell and the other able to harbor life, and confirm whether volcanoes are still erupting on the planet today.
37．Why does the writer mention Venus is Earth’s twin in Paragraph 1
A．To prove a theory. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To clarify a concept. D．To make predictions.
38．What can we learn from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．Robert Herrick’s discovery was based on previous data.
B．The findings are the first evidence of volcanoes on Venus.
C．There are more huge volcanoes on Venus than on Earth.
D．Volcanic activities on Venus are as common as on Earth.
39．What is the significance of NASA’s future study of Venus
A．Mapping the surface of Venus with accuracy.
B．Analyzing how volcanoes came into existence.
C．Understanding how the two planets evolved differently.
D．Confirming whether Venus is suitable for humans to live.
40．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Venus Is Earth’s Twin. B．Venus Is an Awful Hell.
C．Venus Is a Youthful Planet. D．Venus Is Volcanically Active.
参考答案：
1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家Mark Temple为什么以及如何将DNA数据转化为声音，以及这种转化对科学研究和科学传播的价值。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.(Temple在第一次实验中创建了自己的算法软件，将数据转化为声音，他相信由此产生的音乐可以用来改善研究和科学交流)”可知，Temple将DNA数据转化为声音的目的是帮助改善研究，协助进行实验。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段的“So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”.(因此，Temple 决定增加声音的层次，使声音化的歌曲。他看到了“声音化”和“沉思化”之间的明显区别。使用声音来表示数据是科学的，但与使用创造性输入来制作歌曲截然不同)以及最后一段“Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.(Temple将这项工作视为一种有效的沟通工具，将帮助普通观众理解生物学中的复杂系统。他曾在澳大利亚的音乐厅公开表演他的歌曲)”可知，Temple研究的系统看到了和之前截然不同的效果，而且帮助人们理解生物学中的复杂系统。由此可推知，他的研究系统出现了令人满意的效果。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. (Temple将这项工作视为一种有效的沟通工具，将帮助普通观众理解生物学中的复杂系统)”可知，Temple在对病毒进行声波处理时试图让它听起来像真正的音乐的原因是为了促进人们对科学的理解。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.(在他介绍这种药物之前，他会在屏幕上观察DNA组合，看看什么对实验最有效，但序列的视觉读数往往大得难以想象)”以及第二段的“So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. (因此，Temple想知道是否有一种更容易的方法来检测有利的模式)”以及全文的内容可知，文章主要讲述了科学家Mark Temple为什么以及如何将DNA数据转化为声音，以及这种转化对科学研究和科学传播的价值。故选A。
5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了美国一直存在的教授孩子阅读方法的长时间争议。文章指出，实际上，研究已经证明了音节发音法的有效性。缺乏适当培训的教师可能会运用自己学会阅读的方式来教学，而不是重视音节发音的教学方法。同时，文章还提到密西西比州通过采用科学上有依据的阅读方法，在全美国范围内取得了显著的进步。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.(但在许多教室里，这可能是一个肮脏的词。以至于一些老师不得不把自然拼读法的教材偷偷带进教室。一项又一项研究发现，大多数美国孩子被教导阅读的方式是错误的。)”可知，一些老师不得不把自然拼读法的教材偷偷带进教室，由此推断自然拼读在美国的大多数教室中被认为是名声不好的。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades.(美国陷入了一场关于教孩子阅读的争论，这场争论已经持续了几十年。)”可知，关于如何教孩子阅读的争论持续了很久。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中““A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”(“一点自然拼读法是远远不够的。密西西比州教育部小学教育和阅读执行主任Tenette Smith说，“它必须是系统的、明确的教学。”)”可知，Tenette Smith认为一点自然拼读法是远远不够的，它必须是系统的和明确的教学，故其对“balanced literacy”的态度是不赞同的。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. (密西西比的成功归功于阅读方法的应用，这些方法得到了一系列被称为阅读科学的研究的支持。)”以及本段中“They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.(他们发现，在音素意识、流畅性和理解方面的明确指导下，自然拼读法效果最好。)”可知，作者认为，采用科学的方法来教授阅读有助于密西西比的成功。故选C。
9．B 10．D 11．C 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星的组成、运行方式和速度等基本情况。
9．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work.(在外面，它们可能看起来像一个轮子，配备了太阳能电池板或帆。卫星内部装有特定任务的科学仪器，其中包括卫星执行工作所需的任何工具)”可知，文章第二段主要讲的是人造卫星的组成部分。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth.(计算机就像卫星的大脑一样，接收信息，解释信息，并将信息发回地球)”可知，计算机在人造卫星中的作用是处理接收到的信息。故选D项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity.(人造卫星利用重力保持在轨道上。地球的引力把所有东西都拉向地球的中心。为了保持在地球轨道上运行，卫星的速度必须根据引力最微小的变化进行调整)”可知，人造卫星是通过在重力的作用下不断改变速度保持在轨道上的。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.(离地球越近，引力就越强。因此，这些卫星必须以每小时17000英里的速度运行，以防止落回地球，而轨道较高的卫星运行速度更慢)”可知，高地球轨道上的卫星运行速度较慢是因为它们在高轨道上的引力较弱。故选C项。
13．D 14．B 15．C 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人体如何对抗流感病毒。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Even if your body successfully fights against the viruses, with their ability to evolve rapidly, your body may have no protection or immunity from the new ones.(即使你的身体成功地对抗了病毒，由于病毒的快速进化能力，你的身体可能对新病毒没有保护或免疫力)”可知，流感对免疫系统构成威胁是因为病毒能快速进化，很难跟上病毒进化的步伐。故选D。
14．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Your body can detect invading microbes in your bloodstream because they carry antigens in their proteins.(你的身体可以检测到血液中的入侵微生物，因为它们的蛋白质中携带着antigens)”可知，身体可以检测到血液中的入侵微生物，是因为微生物的蛋白质中携带者antigens。由此推知，antigens是作为病毒指示物的物质，故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Fortunately, medical scientists have developed vaccines (疫苗), which are weakened or dead flu viruses that enter a person’s body before the person gets sick. These viruses cause the body to produce antibodies to attack and destroy the strong viruses that may invade during flu season.(幸运的是，医学科学家已经开发出疫苗，这种疫苗是弱化或死亡的流感病毒，在人生病之前进入人体。这些病毒使身体产生抗体，攻击和摧毁可能在流感季节入侵的强病毒)”可知，疫苗是弱化或死亡的流感病毒，帮助身体产生抗体来消灭病毒，故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“The human body possesses an efficient defense system to battle with flu viruses.(人体拥有对抗流感病毒的有效防御系统)”可知，文章主要介绍了人体如何对抗流感病毒。由此可知，D项“人体对抗流感病毒”为最佳标题，故选D。
17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项新的研究揭示了蜜蜂如何在快速做出判断的同时尽量减少危险。研究发现，蜜蜂的决策速度和准确性超过了人类，并且构建了一个模拟蜜蜂决策过程的计算机模型。研究人员认为，人工智能研究者可以从蜜蜂等“简单”动物身上学到很多。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段中安德鲁·巴伦教授的话“A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.(蜜蜂的大脑比芝麻还小。然而，它可以比我们更快、更准确地做出决定。一个被编程来做蜜蜂工作的机器人需要超级计算机的支持)”可知，被编程来做蜜蜂工作的机器人需要超级计算机的支持才能完成工作。由此推知，安德鲁·巴伦教授提到“超级计算机”是为了通过比较来强调蜜蜂卓越的决策能力。故选D项。
18．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后“potential hunter, some of which pretend to look like flowers.(……潜在的猎人，其中一些伪装成花朵)”可知，蜜蜂的敌人有巧妙的伪装，由此推知，它们很容易受到伤害。划线词短语vulnerable to与同义easily harmed by，意为“易受……的伤害或攻击”。故选A项。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“If the bees were confident that a flower would have food, they quickly decided to land on it, taking an average of 0.6 seconds. If they were confident that a flower wouldn’t have food, they made a decision just as quickly. If unsure, they took on average 1.4 seconds, and the time reflected the probability that a flower had food.(如果蜜蜂确信一朵花上有食物，它们会迅速决定降落在花上，平均耗时0.6秒。如果它们确信一朵花没有食物，它们也会很快做出决定。如果不确定，它们平均花费1.4秒，这个时间反映了花有食物的可能性)”可知，确认有没有食物影响了训练有素的蜜蜂做决定的速度。故选C项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段中詹姆斯·马歇尔教授的话“AI researchers can learn much from bees and other ‘simple’ animals. Millions of years of evolution has led to incredibly efficient brains with very low power requirements (人工智能研究人员可以从蜜蜂和其他“简单”动物身上学到很多东西。数百万年的进化造就了效率极高、能量需求极低的大脑)”可知，詹姆斯·马歇尔教授想说的是生物学可以给未来的人工智能一些启发。故选B项。
21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了FOMO这一现象以及FOMO带给我们的危害，指出社交表明媒体的本质增强了嫉妒感和自我怀疑，并对如何克服陷入不安全感的陷阱提出了建议。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out, refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own, whether this concerns socializing, accomplishing professional goals or generally having a more deeply fulfilling life. It shows itself as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-respect.(FOMO指的是一种认为别人的生活比自己优越的感觉，无论是在社交、完成职业目标还是拥有更充实的生活方面。它表现为一种深刻的嫉妒感，持续的暴露会削弱我们的自尊)”可知，频繁经历FOMO会导致损害某人的自我价值感。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段“While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways.(虽然嫉妒和缺乏信心的感觉似乎是人类的天性，但社交媒体似乎在几个方面给这种情绪火上浇油)”可知，作者在第三段表明媒体的本质增强了嫉妒感和自我怀疑。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Last of all, learn to shake things off. We are all bombarded daily with images of other people’s perfection, but really, what does it matter They are probably no more real than the most ridiculous reality TV shows.(最后，学会摆脱困境。我们每天都被别人的完美形象轰炸，但实际上，这又有什么关系呢？它们可能并不比最荒谬的电视真人秀更真实)”可推知，作者在最后一段提到了电视真人秀是为了强调我们在社交媒体上看到的东西有多虚假。故选A。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Are you frequently overwhelmed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind, particularly when you look through social media sites and see all the exciting things your friends are up to If so, you are not alone.(你是否经常感到生活离你而去，尤其是当你浏览社交媒体网站，看到你的朋友们正在做的所有令人兴奋的事情时？如果是这样，你并不孤单)”结合文章主要解释了FOMO这一现象以及FOMO带给我们的危害，指出社交表明媒体的本质增强了嫉妒感和自我怀疑，并对如何克服陷入不安全感的陷阱提出了建议。可知，B选项“FOMO：它是什么以及如何克服它”最符合文章标题。故选B。
25．B 26．D 27．D 28．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了华为研发的智能手机Mate 60 Pro取得的重大突破。
25．词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句“While Huawei’s official website does not call Mate 60 Pro a 5G smartphone, the phone’s wideband capabilities are on par with other 5G smartphones(虽然华为官方网站并未将Mate 60 Pro称为5G智能手机，但这款手机的宽带功能与其他5G智能手机on par with)”可知，while引导让步状语从句，前后文是转折关系，因此推断尽管华为官网并没有说明Mate 60 Pro是5G智能手机，但是这款手机的宽带功能却与5G手机的功能一样好。因此推断划线部分与B项一致。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Huawei has faced significant challenges in getting critical components because of the sanctions imposed by the United States which are primarily responsible for the inability of the Chinese company to launch 5G smartphones in the past three years(由于美国实施的制裁，华为在获得关键零部件方面面临重大挑战，这是过去三年这家中国公司无法推出5G智能手机的主要原因)”可知，因为缺少主要由美国高科技巨头控制的关键部件，三年前华为很难研发出5G只能手机。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“However, Mate 60 Pro, despite not being labeled a 5G device, exhibits mobile network speeds comparable to Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices, offering a stable communication experience. This suggests Huawei has, over the past three years, overcome the 5G development and production limits due to the US sanctions by cooperating with domestic partners, and establishing an independent and controllable stable supply chain.(然而，Mate 60 Pro尽管没有被贴上5G设备的标签，但其移动网络速度与苹果最新的5G设备相当，提供了稳定的通信体验。这表明华为在过去三年中，通过与国内合作伙伴合作，克服了美国制裁造成的5G研发和生产限制，建立了独立可控的稳定供应链。)”可知，本段的焦点是说明华为Mate 60 Pro的进展。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段的“But when combined with the satellite communication capabilities of Mate 60 Pro, it is clear Huawei has been trying to find more advanced wireless communication solutions for smartphones and making significant progress in this attempt. This should be recognized as a remarkable endeavor, even a breakthrough.( 但结合Mate 60 Pro的卫星通信功能，很明显华为一直在努力为智能手机寻找更先进的无线通信解决方案，并在这一尝试中取得了重大进展。这应该被认为是一项非凡的努力，甚至是一项突破。)”可知，本文主要讲述了华为Mate 60 Pro智能手机取得的非凡的突破。故选C。
29．B 30．D 31．C 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项研究发现蓝光过滤眼镜并没有减少人们看电子屏幕后的眼睛疲劳。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study’s authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.(该研究的作者发现，戴蓝光过滤眼镜并不能减少人们使用电脑后的眼睛疲劳感。)”可知，蓝光过滤眼镜并没有减轻眼睛疲劳。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The paper, published last week in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, analyzed data from previous trials that studied how blue-light-filtering glasses affect vision tiredness and eye health.(上周发表在Cochrane系统评价数据库上的这篇论文分析了之前研究蓝光过滤眼镜如何影响视力疲劳和眼睛健康的试验数据。)”可知，这篇论文分析了之前研究蓝光过滤眼镜如何影响视力疲劳和眼睛健康的试验数据，由此可推测出，从前实验的数据对这项研究很有帮助。故选D。
31．词义猜测题。画线词前的“There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there’s just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have any effect on eyestrain.(有许多研究发现了完全相同的事情，就是没有证据表明阻蓝眼镜对眼睛疲劳有任何影响。)”讲述了之前的研究也发现了没有证据表明阻蓝眼镜能减轻眼睛疲劳，再结合画线词后的“the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain”可推测出，这个新报告进一步强化了没有证据表明阻蓝眼镜对眼睛疲劳有影响的事实。reinforce意为“加强”，与strengthen意思最接近。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.(她补充说，眼睛疲劳的人应该去看医生，评估他们是否有潜在的健康问题，如远视或干眼病。)”可知，Downie认为如果我们眼睛疲劳，我们应该去医院检查一下。故选B。
33．C 34．B 35．D 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神经学家艾瑞斯·亚当对于为什么鸟唱得这么多歌的研究。
33．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. (它们可能每天都要唱很多歌，让它们的声带肌肉得到定期锻炼，从而创作出高质量的歌曲)”可知，亚当认为鸟儿每天都要唱很多歌，是为了更加完美地演唱。故选C。
34．词句猜测题。由划线词上文“She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. (她把它们关在黑暗的笼子里，整整一个星期不让它们唱歌)”和下文“so she had to work to keep them from warbling”可知，光是刺激鸟儿歌唱的东西，所以她必须努力不让它们鸣叫，她把它们关在黑暗的笼子里。由此可知，划线词的含义为“刺激”。A. Prepares准备；B. Stimulates刺激；C. Forbids禁止；D. Frightens使惊吓。故选B。
35．细节理解题。由文章第四段“After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily. (一周后，鸟儿唱歌的肌肉失去了一半的力量。但亚当想知道这是否会影响歌曲的质量。当她在七天的黑暗之前和之后播放雄性的歌曲时，她听不出有什么不同。但是当亚当把这首歌放给一群雌鸟听时，九只雌鸟中有六只更喜欢每天都在使用唱歌肌肉的雄鸟发出的歌)”和第五段“Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing. (亚当的结论表明，“鸣禽需要锻炼发声肌肉，才能唱出最好的歌曲。”如果它们不唱歌，就会失去表演能力，它们的歌声对雌性的吸引力也会降低。“这可能有助于解释鸣禽的持续歌唱)”可知，实验中关在笼子里的鸟的歌曲变得不那么有吸引力了。故选D。
36．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing. (亚当的结论表明，“鸣禽需要锻炼发声肌肉，才能唱出最好的歌曲。”如果它们不唱歌，就会失去表演能力，它们的歌声对雌性的吸引力也会降低。“这可能有助于解释鸣禽的持续歌唱)”可推知，亚当认为练习使鸟成为完美的歌手。故选D。
37．B 38．A 39．C 40．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新的研究证实金星上存在活火山。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere.”（金星有时被称为“地球的孪生兄弟”，在大小和组成上与地球相似。这两颗岩石行星与太阳的距离也大致相同，而且都有大气层。）可知，第一段开头说金星就像地球的双胞胎一样，两者在体积、构造、和太阳的距离等方面相似，是为了引出本文的话题：金星和地球的有一个相似之处——火山活动。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Using this decades-old data, planetary scientist Robert Herrick discovered that a Magellan.”（利用这些几十年前的数据，行星科学家罗伯特·赫里克发现麦哲伦号。）可知，Robert Herrick 的研究是使用的以前的数据。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据第五段“These projects should settle the question of how the paths of Venus and Earth divided so sharply, with one becoming a hell and the other able to harbor life, and confirm whether volcanoes are still erupting on the planet today.”（这些项目应该能解决金星和地球的轨道为何如此泾渭分明，一个变成地狱，而另一个却能孕育生命的问题，并确认今天地球上的火山是否仍在喷发。）可知，未来的项目可以帮助了解金星像地狱一样而地球进化为宜居星球的原因，以及进一步证实现在金星上是否还有火山喷发活动。故选C项。
40．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In this case, lava (岩浆) flows that moved for eight months during an imaging cycle from 1990 to 1992, according to a study published in Science in 2023. The findings are the first real evidence that volcanoes have erupted on Venus during modern times.”（根据2023年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，在这种情况下，熔岩流在1990年至1992年的成像周期中移动了8个月。这一发现是第一个真正的证据，表明金星在现代曾经爆发过火山。）可知，本文讲述了新的研究证明金星上存在火山活动，D项“金星有火山活动”符合题意。故选D项。