(共29张PPT)
高考考前冲刺
满分完形填空
题型分析
01
高考考试说明
--完型填空
共20小题,每小题1.5分
在一篇约250词左右的短文中,留出20个空白,
要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项,
使补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完整
成功!
解题指导
改编阅读材料的文章,
炮制题目
全局观,词汇积累,上下探索……
……
新概念,21世纪报
小完形,大努力!
题材多为记叙文,且第一句不设空。
1
每题四个选项一般为相同词类,
语义范畴相同;选项之间不相互包容
2
干扰项设计周密,无纯粹语法考查;
用词避免重复,扩大考查词汇的覆盖面。
3
辨析词义,以实词为主,
考查特定语境中运用词汇的能力。
4
试题突出语篇,强调语言运用能力。
5
高考完形填空的出题规律
完型无法攻克?
做题方法不正确;
缺乏全局观,文章理解不深刻
训练方法不得当
学生主要存在的问题
培养学生的全局观
上下求索,瞻前顾后
加强词汇积累
立足语篇,连贯思维
理论接地气,加强操作性
题目分析 总结
1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合;
2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;
3. 首句完整, 主题明确;
4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;
5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;
6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;
7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;
8. 常识语法, 每年出现。
完型填空命题特点
1.完整性
2.实词性
3.同类性
4.语境性
5.推理性
6.常识性
完型填空设空特点
1.文章的主旨大意
2.上下文的关系(语境)
3.词义辨析
4.词语搭配
各类型交互进行
完型填空考点
正确的答题步骤
适当的答题技巧
适量的实践训练
如何做好完型填空
解题步骤(15mins)
1.重视首句,寻求突破,把握开篇 (1分钟)
2. 通读全文,领会大意,初定答案 (2分钟)
3. 瞻前顾后,先易后难,逐项填空 (10分钟)
4. 代入答案,再读全文,消除疏漏 (2分钟)
整体
局部
整体
把握三种角色
1.文章作者
2.文中人物
3.命题者
1.词汇复现(名词)
2.利用首句信息,推测主旨大意
(题材,体裁,主旨大意,时间、地点、人物)
3.结合语境巧解词义辨析
4.利用习惯用法和固定搭配
5.利用文化背景知识和生活常识
6.分析文章逻辑
7.把握立场
8.比例潜规则 4:4:4:4
9.最佳性原则
10.利用语篇标志词
做题技巧
1.关注首尾-抓主旨
2.瞻前顾后-寻逻辑
3.左顾右盼-找搭配
4.上下求索-找复现
5.先易后难-巧突破
做题技巧总结
1. 急于求成,边读边填,无整体概念
2. 只抠字眼、语法,以偏概全,脱离语境
3. 词义辨析不清,张冠李戴,吃不透单词
4.句子结构分析错误
5. 不同文化背景导致的理解偏差
学生问题
词看不懂,
读懂文章选不对
建议
1.学会将单词放在语境中记忆
2.注意固定搭配的积累
3.不但要知道,要努力“吃透”单词
4.增加阅读了解,了解要西方文化背景和生活常识
习题演练
02
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2023全国乙卷)To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she ____41____ best. She had to ___42___ her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say ____43____ to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ____44____ waves on her board. But it was ____45____ to take the leap (飞跃), however ____46____ it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she ____47____ about 1,200 miles away from home, to ____48____ with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never ____49____ and everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did ____50____ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she ____51____two Russians. The Chinese coach ____52____ Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the ____53____, helping her skyrocket from an ____54____ member of the national team to the top of the sport. By ____55____ the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She ____56____ the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt ____57____ all along that she would win.Not so long ago, Martha Karoly the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it ____58____ to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought ____59____ that she could make the London Games — and win.“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to ____60____.” And shine she did.
41. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew42. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up43. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no44. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike45. A. common B. time C. fun D. tough46. A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C. eye-catching
D. head-spinning47. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off48. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train49. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed50. A. approximately B. gradually C. exactly D. possibly
51. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted52. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put53. A. world B. city C. team D. state54. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic55. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding56. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led57. A. confident B. nervous C. excited D. uneasy58. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took59. A. now and then B. more and more C. far and wide
D. on and on60. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. D 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军,不得不远离家乡,去离家1200英里的地方,和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。最终在教练的训练下,Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一,赢得奥运会全能冠军,成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。
【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意: 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军,Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。A. tried尝试;B. thought思考;C. judged判断;D. knew知道、熟悉。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“1,200 miles away from home”可知,为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军,Gabby Douglas放弃她最熟悉的一切,来到一个陌生的地方,故选D。【42题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up从事;B. pack up整理、收拾行李;C. clean up清理;D. do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知,整理好她的卧室,准备离开这里,故选B。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. goodbye再见;B. hello你好;C. thanks感谢;D. no没有、否定的回答。由上“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”可知,Gabby Douglas要离开自己的家,所以与家里的狗说再见,故选A。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause引起;B. observe观察;C. ride骑、漂浮;D. strike打击。由下文“waves on her board.”可知,此处表示冲浪,ride the waves意为“冲浪”,故选C。
【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:但是,是时候迈出这一步了,无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. common平民、普通;B. time时间;C. fun乐趣;D. tough暴徒。由下文“to take the leap (飞跃)”可知,虽然离开自己所熟悉的一切很难,但是是时候该迈出这一步了,故选B。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但是,是时候迈出这一步了,无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. breathtaking激动人心的;B. heartbreaking令人心碎的、令人伤心的;C. eye-catching引人注目的;D. head-spinning头晕的。上文提到的Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知,放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心,故选B。【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:所以她离家1200英里,和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A. dropped out退出;B. moved on继续;C. pulled over靠边停车;D. went off离开。由下文“about 1,200 miles away from home,”可知,Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1200英里的地方,故选D。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以她离家1200英里,和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。A. reason推理;B. talk谈话;C. compete竞争;D. train培训。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event”和下文“with a coach from China”可知,为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军,Gabby Douglas离开家,由此可知,她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练,故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起,一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met遇到、见过;B. helped帮助;C. understood理解;D. needed需要。由下文“everything was new to her.”可知,一切对她来说都是全新的,所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起,故选A。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意: 事实证明,Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手,完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. approximately大约;B.gradually逐渐地;C. exactly准确地、完全;D. possibly可能地。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知,Gabby Douglas获得了奥运会全能冠军,由此可知,Gabby Douglas完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切,故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 事实证明,Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手,完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. defeated打败;B. pleased使高兴;C. respected尊敬;D. assisted帮助。由上文“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”和下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知,Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手,成为了奥运冠军,故选A。
52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一,帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. forced强迫;B. transformed转换、改造;C. persuaded劝说;D. put放。由下文“Douglas into one of the best gymnasts”可知,这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一,transform...into固定搭配,意为“使……变成……”,故选B。
【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一,帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. world世界;B. city城市;C. team团队;D. state国家。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知,Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军,所以说她是世界最好的体操运动员之一,故选A。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一,帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。 A. amateur业余爱好的;B. elected当选的;C. average平均的、普通的;D. enthusiastic热情的。由下文“member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知,这位中国教练帮助Douglas从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选C。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:通过赢得奥运会全能冠军,她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A. clarifying分类;B. defending打败;C. winning赢得;D. demanding要求。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.”可知,Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军,故选C。【56题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A. followed跟随;B. organized组织;C. watched观看;D. led带领、领先。由下文“the competition from beginning to end”可知,比赛过程中,Douglas一直领先于竞争对手,故选D。
【57题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她说她一直坚信自己会赢。A. confident自信的、坚信的;B. nervous紧张的;C. excited兴奋的;D. uneasy不安的。由下文“all along that she would win.”可知,Douglas一直坚信自己会赢,故选A。【58题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:就在不久前,女子国家队联络人Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A. viewed看待;B. appeared出现;C. mattered重要;D. took需要。由下文“to be an Olympian”可知,此处表示Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件,空处表示“需要”,故选D。【59题详解】考查短语辨析。句意:随着时间的推移,她越来越相信自己能够在伦敦奥运会上获胜。A. now and then时不时地;B. more and more越来越多;C. far and wide广泛地;D. on and on不断地。由上文“As time went by”和下文“that she could make the London Games — and win.”可知,随着时间的推移,Douglas越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会。故选B。【60题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“我准备好发光了”。A. shine照耀、发光;B. fly飞行;C. dance跳舞;D. score得分。由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知,Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人,即自己会发光,影响到很多人,故选A。
Thanks