(共25张PPT)
高考考前冲刺
满分语法填空
题型分析
01
考纲解读
一篇200字左右的短文或对话,话题贴近学生生活。
能力考查:理解语篇,句子结构,运用语法,单词短语
考点:
一、有提示词:
①名词:单复数
②动词:时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语
③形容词、副词:比较级,最高级
二、无提示词
①连词:and, but, or...
②代词:that, who, what...
③冠词:a, an, the...
④介词:by, to, for, in...
⑤连接性副词:however, therefore...
语法填空不可怕,看看空中缺个啥?
连代情冠介考查,形副出现多变化。
空后若给词一个,词性变化为上策。
动时语态非谓语,名词单复不放过。
1
有提示词题型
这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态(含主谓一致)以及动词的非谓语形式。这类题同样需先判断设空处在句中的功能,其次再确定该用什么形式。
a. 考查谓语动词时需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。如:
Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ...
解析:此处描述的是1863年伦敦地铁的情况,主语Steam engines是复数,且是谓语动词use所表示动作的承受者,故填were used。
b. 考查非谓语动词时需考虑用动词-ing形式、过去分词还是不定式,同时还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。如:
【例1】My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre ...
解析:设空处作宾语,且表示多次重复发生的动作,故填introducing。
【例2】Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.
解析:workers与create之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,且此处表目的,故填to create。
c. 考查名词时需注意名词的数。如:
Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best ________ (perform) to this day.
解析:由the Great Jason's best可知设空处应填名词且意为“表演”,再根据that show remains可知应用单数形式,故填performance。
2 提示词是形容词
此时可能考查提示词的反义词、副词、比较等级或名词等。
a. 考查提示词的反义词时需根据文章逻辑判断。如:
A person's weight is private, and making comments about it is definitely considered ________ (polite).
解析:由private(私密的)可知,评论别人的体重被认为是不礼貌的,故填impolite。
b. 考查副词时,设空处修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。如:
The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
解析:设空处修饰谓语动词,故填副词officially。
c. 考查比较等级时,应考虑用比较级还是最高级。如:
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance.
解析:and连接并列成分,由and后的less可知应填great的比较级greater。此处意为“识别较重要的和不太重要的”。
d. 考查名词时,需注意名词的数。如:
In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
解析:设空处意为“能力”,即不用电器就能调节室温的这一种能力,故填ability。
3 提示词是副词
此时可能考查比较等级或其反义形式。如:
【例1】We've been describing New Zealand as a rock star in the sense that it has been doing ________ (well) than almost all of the other developed world economies over the past couple of years.
解析:由than可知此处需填比较级,且此处意为“做得更好”,故填well的比较级better。
【例2】He was well hidden, but at last he was ________ (luckily) found.
解析:由well hidden和but可知,此处意为“不幸地被发现了”,故填unluckily。
4提示词是名词
此时可能考查名词的数或形容词。如:
a. 名词的数通常需要根据主语、谓语、定语等来判断。如:
【例1】This trend ... has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
解析:由some及overweight and heart disease可知,“这个趋势有一些没有预料到的负作用”,故填effect的复数形式effects。
【例2】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above ...
解析:由形容词terrible和括号中的crowd可知,此处应填名词,意为“人群”;作此义项讲时crowd是可数名词,再结合句意可知应填其复数形式crowds。
b. 形容词通常作定语或表语。如:
As ________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ...
解析:设空处作定语修饰名词architects,故填natural(天生的)。
2、无提示词题型
这种形式考查的内容主要是冠词、介词、助动词、连词、关系词和固定结构等。因为没有提示词,所以考生需要根据一些固定结构、短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析来确定所填内容。
5 考查冠词
主要考查冠词的基本用法及短语中的冠词。如:
The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.
解析:短语one ... the other ...意为“一个……另一个……”,符合题意,故填the。
6 考查介词
主要考查介词的基本用法及短语中的介词。如:
Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets ________ the hotel to the opera hall.
解析:此处意为“从……到……”,故填from。
7 考查助动词
需要找出所缺成分并考虑时态。如:
Then the driver stood up and asked, “________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ”
解析:由asked和问号可知引号中内容是个疑问句,同时分析句子结构可知设空处需填助动词,再由句中的last stop可知句中的谓语应用一般过去时,故填Did。
8 考查连词
包括并列连词和从属连词。如:
I made my way backstage just ________ the great magician was putting on his top hat.
解析:设空处引导状语从句,且此处意为“正当……时”,故填as / when。
9 考查连接词
包括连接代词和连接副词。如:
It's amazing ________ often people say “If I can help just one ...”.
解析:设空处引导主语从句,且修饰often,故填how。
10 考查关系词
关键在于分析句子结构并找出先行词。如:
... the ring ... was spread over the garden, ________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
解析:设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词garden,且在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
11 考查固定结构
包括固定短语和句型。如:
Pahlsson screamed ________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
解析:分析句子结构可知,此处考查so ... that ... 句型,意为“如此……以致于……”。so修饰副词loudly。
习题演练
02
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2023全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____61____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____62____ (build) system of ring roads.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____63____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____64____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ____65____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. ____66____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____67____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___68___ (record) everything I discovered.The ____69____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____70_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】61. to 62. built 63. which##that 64. wonders 65. but 66. Having visited 67. was amazed 68. recording 69. remarkable 70. means
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合,同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师,记录了这座城市的变化,并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。【61题详解】考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用介词to。故填to。【62题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。【63题详解】考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【64题详解】考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。【65题详解】考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。【66题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having visited。
【67题详解】考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。【68题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recording。【69题详解】考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。【70题详解】考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
Thanks