15.语法填空突破策略
(冠词、介词、代词)
【题型总览】
【解答概略】
1.分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。
2.如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空格处一般填冠词。
3.如果句中不缺主语、谓语、表语或动词的宾语,设空处与其后面的成分作定语或状语时,一般是填介词。有时也要考虑固定搭配。
4.如果句中缺少主语或宾语一般要填代词。
【突破策略】
突破策略1当空格需要填冠词时
1.明晰冠词的解题思路
2.牢记含有冠词的常用固定搭配
①含有不定冠词的固定搭配
have a rest(休息);have a break(休息);take a walk(散步);have a look(看一看);in a moment(立刻);in a minute(马上);once upon a time(曾经)等。
②含有定冠词的固定搭配
make the most of (充分利用);in the daytime (在白天);in the end (最后);in the habit of (有……习惯);not in the least (not at all) (一点也不);in the distance (在远处);in the way(挡道)等。
[真题示例1](2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
The meat should be fresh with________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现该空在名词前,考查冠词。a touch of 为固定搭配,意为“少许”。故填a。
[真题示例2](2023 浙江高考·1月卷)
In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect____________culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现该空在名词前,考查冠词。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
突破策略2当空格需要填介词时
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
牢记常考介词构成的短语
1.由at构成的短语
at dawn/sunrise/noon/night/dusk黎明、日出、中午、晚上、黄昏;at table/college吃饭、上大学;at last最后;at a time一次;at times有时候;at the same time同时;at all costs不惜一切代价
2.由by构成的短语
by accident/chance偶然;by turns轮流;by check用支票;by mistake错误地;by no means决不;by e-mail通过电子邮件;by birth天生的;by means of借助……手段;by the way顺便说一句
3.由from构成的短语
from memory凭记忆;from day to day日复一日;from now on 从现在起;from bad to worse越来越糟;from beginning to end 从头到尾;from time to time时不时地
4.由in构成的短语
in high/poor/bad spirits情绪高涨/低落/差;in tears热泪盈眶;in fear在恐惧中;in danger在危险中;in peace和平相处;in surprise惊讶地;in trouble陷入困境;in safety很安全;in need有需要
5.由on构成的短语
on board乘(车、船、飞机);on duty值班;on fire着火;on earth到底;on holiday/vacation度假;on strike罢工;on show在上映;on (the) average平均;on purpose故意地;on the contrary相反;on the way to在去……的路上;on foot步行;on hire雇用;on business出差;on sale在出售/在打折;on a visit在访问;on the spot当场;on the phone在打/接电话;on time准时
6.由of构成的短语
①of+抽象名词=形容词
②of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词
如:It is of great/much value.=It is very valuable.
③of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词
如It is of no use.=It is not useful.=It is useless.
7.由out of构成的短语
out of breath气喘吁吁;out of control失去控制;out of danger脱险;out of work失业;out of date过时;out of fashion过时;out of order发生故障;out of reach拿不到;out of touch失去联系;out of the question不可能;out of question没问题
[真题示例1](2023 新高考Ⅰ卷)
There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed________ hand rather than rolled.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现空格放在名词前,应考虑介词与名词的搭配。by hand是固定搭配,意为“用手”。故填by。
[真题示例2](2023 全国甲卷)
She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility________ saving their environment.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现空格在动词-ing前,应考虑用介词,结合句意可知, 此处考查固定短语“take responsibility for”,意为“对……负责”。故填for。
[真题示例3](2023 全国乙卷)
From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
【解答思路】根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用“from...to”结构。故填to。
突破策略3当空格需要填代词时
当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括不定代词和it。
1.熟记不定代词的区别
the other 指两者中的另一个,表示特指
other 表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”,修饰可数名词复数,不可单独使用
others 泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,常用结构:some...others...
the others 表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”
another 泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的 “一个”,其复数形式是 ones
that 指代上文出现的单数名词或不可数名词
those 指代上文出现的复数名词
2.牢记代词it的常考用法
①指代天气、时间、距离等。
②代替上文提到过的事物。
③代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。
④代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。
⑤it的常用固定句型
·It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他.
·It+be+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.+that...
·It seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb.+that...
·It is said/reported/believed...+that...
·It takes sb.some time/money to do sth.
·主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep...+it+补语+to do sth./that...
·主语+like/hate/love/appreciate...+it+从句
[真题示例1]
If you are time-poor,you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give________ a try.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现指代上文中所提到的人或物时,应考虑用相应的代词。根据句意可知,此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”,指代上文中的跑步这件事。故填it。
[真题示例2]
Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap________ can be to eat out.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时,应考虑用it。it作形式主语,不定式to eat out为真正的主语。故填it。
【题型精练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty (618-907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, 1 he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, was listed 2 a tribute (贡品) to the imperial court for its supreme quality during the period.
The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is 3 (extreme) demanding. Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, 4 (go) through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years before it can transform fine Xuan paper. 5 entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master limited number of 6 (step).
The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability 7 (give) full play to ink. Xuan paper 8 (accompany) the passionate brushstrokes (笔画) of the Chinese literati (文人) for thousands of years. Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage 9 (bring) by time. It is this durability that has made the preservation of many 10 (value) works from ancient China possible.
【答案】
1. where 2. as 3. extremely 4. goes 5. The 6. steps 7. to give 8. has accompanied 9. brought 10. valuable
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了宣纸的地位、工艺、特点。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：宣纸一词最早出现在唐代(618-907)学者张彦远所著的《历代名画记》中，他在书中将宣纸描述为理想的书画载体。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词On Famous Paintings through the Ages，关系词从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
2. 考查介词。句意：来自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸在这一时期因其最高质量而被列为朝廷贡品。固定搭配be listed as“被列为”。故填as。
3. 考查副词。句意：宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。此处修饰空后的形容词demanding，应用副词extremely“极其，非常”，作状语。故填extremely。
4. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：檀香皮，一种原产于中国南方的植物，在三年的时间里，它与稻草一起经过108道工序才能转化为宣纸。分析句子可知，go作谓语，描述一般事实用一般现在时，主语Sandalwood bark，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填goes。
5. 考查冠词。句意：整个过程非常复杂，即使是最熟练的工匠也只能掌握有限的步骤。此处特指制作宣纸的过程，应用定冠词。故填The。
6. 考查名词。句意：整个过程非常复杂，即使是最熟练的工匠也只能掌握有限的步骤。分析句子可知，空处用名词作宾语，由limited number of修饰，应用复数形式。故填steps。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：水墨的流动，既有水的引导，也有水的抵抗，决定了中国艺术的输出，宣纸以其出色的墨的发挥能力而傲视群雄。ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，不定式作后置定语。故填to give。
8. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：宣纸与中国文人的热情笔画相伴了数千年。根据句中的时间状语“for thousands of years”可知，应用现在完成时。主语Xuan paper为不可数名词，助动词使用has。故填has accompanied。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他形式的纸不同，它特别经得起时间带来的损坏。分析句子可知，bring作定语，修饰damage，damage与bring是被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填brought。
10. 考查形容词。句意：正是这种耐久性使许多珍贵的中国古代作品得以保存。此处修饰名词works，应用形容词valuable“珍贵的”，作定语。故填valuable。
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, the first Italian female astronaut Samantha Christophretti, 11 was on a mission at the international space station, 12 (release) a group of space photography works on social media, and attached several lines from the preface to the Orchid Pavilion 13 (write) by the famous Chinese calligrapher Wang Xizhi, showing the magnificence of our blue planet Earth seen from China’s space station.
“ Looking up, I see the immense of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world. The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, and indeed, this is true 14 (happy).” This move aroused a 15 (heat) discussion among netizens at home and abroad.
“We have taken notice of the relevant reports and praised the Italian astronauts.” foreign ministry spokesman Maoning said that 16 has been a human dream to understand and explore the universe since ancient times. 17 the progress of science and technology, “Embrace the moon in the Ninth Heaven” 18 (become) a reality.
19 (promote) the common well-being of all mankind, all countries can and need to work together to look after the planet we all call home and make the world 20 better place.
【答案】
11. who 12. released 13. written 14. happiness 15. heated 16. it 17. With 18. has become 19. To promote 20. a
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利女宇航员 Samantha Christophretti在国际空间站执行任务期间，在社交媒体上发布了一组太空摄影作品，并附上了中国著名书法家王羲之的《兰亭集序》中的几句话，引起了国内外网友的热议。
11. 考查定语从句。句意：近日，在国际空间站执行任务的意大利首位女宇航员Samantha Christophretti在社交媒体上发布了一组太空摄影作品，并附上了中国著名书法家王羲之《兰亭集序》中的几句话，展示了从中国空间站看到的我们蓝色星球地球的壮丽。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the first Italian female astronaut Samantha Christophretti，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
12. 考查时态。句意：近日，在国际空间站执行任务的意大利首位女宇航员Samantha Christophretti在社交媒体上发布了一组太空摄影作品，并附上了中国著名书法家王羲之《兰亭集序》中的几句话，展示了从中国空间站看到的我们蓝色星球地球的壮丽。根据时间状语Recently和并列谓语动词attached可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填released。
13. 考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，在国际空间站执行任务的意大利首位女宇航员Samantha Christophretti在社交媒体上发布了一组太空摄影作品，并附上了中国著名书法家王羲之《兰亭集序》中的几句话，展示了从中国空间站看到的我们蓝色星球地球的壮丽。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰 the preface to the Orchid Pavilion，且 write与the preface之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填written。
14. 考查名词。句意：仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛，所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。根据空前的形容词true可知，此处应用名词形式。故填happiness。
15. 考查形容词。句意：这一举动引起了国内外网民的热烈讨论。修饰名词 discussion 应用形容词形式。故填heated。
16. 考查形式主语。句意：“我们注意到了相关报道，并对意大利宇航员表示赞赏。”外交部发言人毛宁说，了解和探索宇宙自古以来就是人类的梦想。分析句子结构可知，此处应用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to understand and explore the universe。故填it。
17. 考查介词。句意：随着科技的进步，“九天抱月”已经成为现实。with the progress of science and technology 表示“随着科技的进步”，介词with表示“随着”。故填With。
18. 考查时态。句意：随着科技的进步，“九天抱月”已经成为现实。表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，所以应用现在完成时。主语是Embrace the moon in the Ninth Heaven，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has become。
19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了增进人类共同福祉，各国可以也需要携手合作，共同守护好我们共同的家园，让世界变得更加美好。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To promote。
20. 考查冠词。句意：为了增进人类共同福祉，各国可以也需要携手合作，共同守护好我们共同的家园，让世界变得更加美好。make the world a better place 表示“让世界变得更美好”，为固定搭配。故填a。
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heatable Brick Beds Warm NE China Homes
In northeast China’s chilly winter, getting into a warm bed is made possible by an ancient heatable brick bed that could date back more than two thousand years 21 is still widely used today. These beds not only bring warmth to local residents, but also continue the folk culture of northeast China.
The bed is made of bricks or other forms of fired clay with 22 width of about1.7 m to 2.3 m and a length that can be determined according to the length of the bedroom. It uses a ducted heating system similar to the Roman hypocaust, 23 (compose) of a stove, a bed and a chimney. The stove 24 (use) to burn firewood. Smoke and heat generated by burning firewood pass through an internal hollow and curved flue system to heat the bed above. Smoke is eventually discharged outward through the chimney. The bed retains heat well, 25 enables people 26 (have) a comfortable sleeping environment in the cold winter. In addition, 27 (sleep) on the heatable brick bed for a prolonged period is good for the blood 28 (circulate) and metabolism of the body, and can relieve some diseases such as arthritis and waist and leg pain.
The heatable brick bed is not only used as a bed, but also a living area for the family. People 29 (routine) have their meals and family 30 (gathering) on the bed in cold winters. The bed is a symbol of home that embodies the emotion and love they feel towards their families.
【答案】
21. and 22. a posed 24. is used 25. which 26. to have 27. sleeping 28. circulation 29. routinely 30. gatherings
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍中国东北火炕的历史、构造、功能等。它不仅给当地居民带来了温暖，而且延续了中国东北的文化。
21. 考查连词。句意：在中国东北寒冷的冬天里，一张古老的可加热的火炕使人们躺在温暖的炕上成为可能，这种火炕有2000多年的历史且今天仍被广泛使用。that引导定语从句，从句中谓语“could date back…”与“is still widely used today”并列，故填and。
22. 考查冠词。句意：这种火炕是由砖或其它形式的烧制陶土做成的，宽度为1.7米到2.3米，长度则根据房间的长度来确定。a width of是固定搭配，意为“宽度为”，故填a。
23. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它使用类似于罗马人的地暖火坑那样的管道加热系统，由一个火炉，一张床和一个烟囱组成。“be composed of”意为“由……组成”，此处省略be，用过去分词做后置定语，故填composed。
24. 考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意：这种炉子被用来燃烧柴火。分析句子成分可知该句缺谓语，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，且主语stove与谓语use是被动关系，主语为单数，故填is used。
25. 考查定语从句。句意：这种火炕保温性能好，这使人们在寒冷的冬天有一个舒适的睡眠环境。该空前是一个完整的句子，且有逗号隔开，由此分析可知后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系代词在从句中做主语，故填which。
26. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能做某事”，不定式在句中做宾语补足语，故填to have。
27. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除此之外，长期睡在可加热的火炕上对血液循环和身体的新陈代谢有好处，能减少疾病，如：关节炎，腰疼和腿疼。分析句子结构可知，该句缺主语，动名词做主语表示习惯性、经常行的动作，故填sleeping。
28. 考查名词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处需用名词作宾语，circulation“循环”，不可数，故填circulation。
29. 考查副词。句意：在寒冷的冬天里，人们通常在火炕上吃饭和家庭聚会。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用副词做状语修饰谓语动词have，故填routinely。
30. 考查名词的单复数。句意同上。gathering是可数名词，设空处和前面的名词meals 构成并列关系，用复数形式，故填gatherings.
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The medals of the 19th Asian Games were created after nearly two years of team effort.
“We 31 (have) no idea at the beginning. To be honest, it was difficult to deliver Hangzhou’s thousands of years of culture and showcase its unique features to the world in such a small medal,” Zhang recalls.
32 more than 20 drafts, the final design of the medal features the natural landscape of Hangzhou in the style of a traditional painting-- 33 (mist) hills, a rippling lake, and rolling mountains on the front, 34 the back face features the logo of the Olympic Council of Asia.
The design of the medal 35 (highlight) Hangzhou’s ecological importance, with its beautiful scenery, clear water and rolling hills. The bridge-shaped buckle (锁扣) at the top of the ribbon (带子) symbolizes 36 famous water towns of the Yangtze River Delta region.
37 (participate) in the opening bidding (招标) for the Asian Games project, their designs stood out from more than 4,200 38 (competitor).
“Having the opportunity to participate in the design of the Games is 39 (actual) a lifelong pursuit for us as designers,” says Fang.
The team conducted a great deal of initial research 40 (select) elements that can represent Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and China.
【答案】
31. had 32. After 33. misty 34. while/and 35. highlights 36. the 37. Participating petitors 39. actually 40. to select
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了第十九届亚运会奖牌的设计过程。
31. 考查动词时态。句意：一开始我们不知道。根据at the beginning和was可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填had。
32. 考查介词。句意：在20多个草稿之后，奖牌的最终设计以传统绘画风格的杭州自然景观为特色——正面是雾蒙蒙的山丘、碧波荡漾的湖泊和绵延起伏的山脉，背面是亚洲奥林匹克理事会的标志。根据more than 20 drafts和the final design of the medal可知，此处应用表示“在……之后”的介词after连接。位于句首，单词首字母应大写，故填After。
33. 考查形容词。句意：在20多个草稿之后，奖牌的最终设计以传统绘画风格的杭州自然景观为特色——正面是雾蒙蒙的山丘、碧波荡漾的湖泊和绵延起伏的山脉，背面是亚洲奥林匹克理事会的标志。修饰名词hills应用形容词。故填misty。
34. 考查连词。句意：在20多个草稿之后，奖牌的最终设计以传统绘画风格的杭州自然景观为特色——正面是雾蒙蒙的山丘、碧波荡漾的湖泊和绵延起伏的山脉，背面是亚洲奥林匹克理事会的标志。根据空前 the front和空后the back可知，前后语义表示对比关系或并列关系。故填while/and。
35. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：奖牌的设计突出了杭州的生态重要性，这里有美丽的风景、清澈的水和连绵起伏的山丘。根据句意和symbolizes可知，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。主谓一致，故填highlights。
36. 考查冠词。句意：缎带顶部的桥形锁扣象征着长江三角洲地区著名的水乡。根据of the Yangtze River Delta region可知，此处表示特指。故填the。
37. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在参加亚运会项目的开幕招标中，他们的设计从4200多名竞争者中脱颖而出。该句的谓语是stood，且无连词，应用非谓语动词，动词participate与其逻辑主语their designs之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。位于句首，单词首字母应大写，故填Participating。
38. 考查名词复数。句意：在参加亚运会项目的开幕招标中，他们的设计从4200多名竞争者中脱颖而出。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词，根据空前more than 4, 200可知，空处应用名词复数，作宾语。故填competitors。
39. 考查副词。句意：方说：“有机会参与奥运会的设计，其实是我们设计师一生的追求。”修饰动词is应用副词。故填actually。
40. 考查动词不定式。句意：该团队进行了大量的初步研究，以选择能够代表杭州、浙江和中国的元素。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to select。
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Hangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee 41 (announce) on Feb 12 that 6Gtechnology would be used in the 19th Asian games in Hangzhou, capital of China’s eastern province of Zhejiang, 42 (aim) to create a high-tech and intelligent sports event.
The technology refers to a reconfigurable (可重新配置的) intelligent surface, 43 AI-empowered artificial material. It is a smart platform enabling 44 (vary) functions such as data mining, communication, energy harvesting, and sensing by directly processing illuminated information-carrying waves at a physical level.
“We have done tests in several sporting 45 (venue) of the Hangzhou Asian Games. After combining the reconfigurable intelligent surface technology 46 base stations, the signal intensity in areas with previously poor signal was 10 times greater than before, making 47 easier to communicate,” an expert said.
“It was 48 (independent) developed by China and boasts low energy consumption and great effectiveness, 49 can reduce power consumption while increasing the signal transmission efficiency,” the expert added. “The technology is still undergoing research and development and is expected 50 (demonstrate) to the public during the Hangzhou Asian Games from Sept 23 to Oct 8.”
【答案】
41. announced 42. aiming 43. an 44. various/varied 45. venues 46. with 47. it 48. independently 49. which 50. to be demonstrated
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍6G技术将用于在中国东部浙江省省会杭州举行的第19届亚运会，旨在打造一项高科技、智能化的体育赛事。
41. 考查谓语动词。句意：杭州亚运会组委会于2月12日宣布，6G技术将用于在中国东部浙江省省会杭州举行的第19届亚运会，旨在打造一项高科技、智能化的体育赛事。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子中有明确的过去时间状语on Feb 12，因此谓语动词使用一般过去时。故填announced。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意见第1题详解。空处为状语，动词aim和名词The Hangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee主动是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填aiming。
43. 考查冠词。句意：该技术指的是一种可重构的智能表面，一种人工智能增强的人工材料。分析句子结构和意思可知，an AI-empowered artificial material是surface的同位语，表示泛指，前面用不定冠词，且AI是元音开头，前面用an。故填an。
44. 考查形容词。句意：它是一个智能平台，通过在物理层面直接处理携带波浪的照明信息，实现数据挖掘、通信、能量收集和传感等各种功能。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要填vary的形容词形式，修饰空后的名词functions。故填various/varied。
45. 考查名词的数。句意：一位专家表示：“我们已经在杭州亚运会的几个体育场馆进行了测试。将可重构智能表面技术与基站相结合后，以前信号较差的地区的信号强度比以前高出10倍，使通信更容易。”分析句子结构和意思可知，空前有several，所以填venue的复数形式。故填venues。
46. 考查动词短语。句意见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语combine…with…，意为“把…和…结合”。故填with。
47. 考查代词。句意见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to communicate。故填it。
48. 考查副词。句意：这位专家补充道：“它是中国自主研发的，能耗低，效果好，可以在降低功耗的同时提高信号传输效率。这项技术仍在研发中，预计将向公众展示。”分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，用来修饰谓语was developed。故填independently。
49. 考查定语从句。句意见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是low energy consumption and great effectiveness，指物，在从句中充当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
50. 考查非谓语动词。句意见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，expect后面要跟动词不定式，动词demonstrate和主语The technology是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此需要用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be demonstrated。
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a specially designed studio theater in Hangzhou, a latest Yueju Opera production, New Dragon Gate Inn performed by Xiao Bai Hua Opera troupes (剧团), has emerged 51 an immediate hit. It not only showcases a traditional art form that definitely 52 (deserve) more attention, but also wins younger audiences who are usually not opera-goers.
The name of the adapted work is the same as that of the 1992 classic martial arts film. 53 (wise), the Shaoxing Opera captures the interest of a younger audience by combining traditional Chinese opera with modern theater models and dramatic concepts. The audience sits very close to the performers, engaging with them and immersing themselves in 54 unique and fascinating viewing experience.
Through her cross-dressed role Jia Ting, 31-year-old female performer Chen Lijun has suddenly risen to fame due to her gorgeous appearance, elegant air 55 skillful performance. A livestream of the opera in August attracted millions of viewers and sparked heated discussions online, 56 (earn) over 14,000 comments. Clips of her performances, such as a scene 57 she effortlessly spins the landlady around with just one arm, went viral on various social media 58 (platform).
In addition to the bold and innovative 59 (adapt), the marketing approach has also been a new experiment that has turned out successful. This is a positive step in the revival of this ancient art. The success of New Dragon Gate Inn signals a 60 (promise) future for other traditional Chinese art forms.
【答案】
51. as 52. deserves 53. Wisely 54. a 55. and 56. earning 57. where 58. platforms 59. adaptation 60. promising
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一部由小白花剧团演出的越剧新作《新龙门客栈》在杭州一特别设计的剧场中取得了巨大成功。该作品不仅展示了一种值得更多关注的传统艺术形式，还吸引了通常不去看戏的年轻观众。
51. 考查介词。句意：在杭州一个专门设计的工作室剧场里，小白花剧团演出的最新越剧作品《新龙门客栈》一出就引起了轰动。emerge as是固定搭配，意为“作为……崭露头角”，介词as意为“作为……”。故填as。
52. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它不仅展示了一种绝对值得更多关注的传统艺术形式，而且还赢得了通常不喜欢看歌剧的年轻观众。deserve是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词a traditional art form)之间是主动关系，描述一般性实事用一般现在时态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填deserves。
53. 考查副词。句意：通过将中国传统戏剧与现代戏剧模式和戏剧理念相结合，绍剧巧妙地抓住了年轻观众的兴趣。提示词作状语，用副词wisely，意为“聪明地，巧妙地”修饰整个句子。故填Wisely。
54. 考查冠词。句意：观众坐得离表演者很近，与他们互动，沉浸在一种独特而迷人的观看体验中。可数名词 experience在句中表示“一种体验”，泛指，空格后单词unique发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
55. 考查连词。句意：31岁的女演员陈丽君凭借她的异装癖角色贾婷，凭借她华丽的外表、优雅的气质和娴熟的表演，一夜成名。根据句意，“her gorgeous appearance”、“elegant air”和“skillful performance”之间是并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。
56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：8月份，该歌剧的直播吸引了数百万观众，并在网上引发了热烈的讨论，获得了超过14,000条评论。“(earn) over 14,000 comments”作结果状语，earn是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语A livestream of the opera之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填earning。
57. 考查定语从句。句意：她的表演片段在各种社交媒体平台上疯传，比如她只用一只胳膊轻松地把老板娘转了一圈的场景。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词scene，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在一个场景中”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
58. 考查名词。句意：她的表演片段在各种社交媒体平台上疯传，比如她只用一只胳膊轻松地把老板娘转了一圈的场景。可数名词platform作宾语，有形容词various(各种各样的)修饰，用复数形式。故填platforms。
59. 考查名词。句意：除了大胆和创新的适应，营销方法也是一个新的实验，结果证明是成功的。提示词作宾语，用名词adaptation，意为“适应”，不可数名词。故填adaptation。
60. 考查形容词。句意：新龙门客栈的成功标志着其他中国传统艺术形式的美好未来。提示词修饰名词future，用形容词promising作定语，意为“有希望的；光明的”。故填promising。15.语法填空突破策略
(冠词、介词、代词)
【题型总览】
【解答概略】
1.分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。
2.如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空格处一般填冠词。
3.如果句中不缺主语、谓语、表语或动词的宾语,设空处与其后面的成分作定语或状语时,一般是填介词。有时也要考虑固定搭配。
4.如果句中缺少主语或宾语一般要填代词。
【突破策略】
突破策略1当空格需要填冠词时
1.明晰冠词的解题思路
2.牢记含有冠词的常用固定搭配
①含有不定冠词的固定搭配
have a rest(休息);have a break(休息);take a walk(散步);have a look(看一看);in a moment(立刻);in a minute(马上);once upon a time(曾经)等。
②含有定冠词的固定搭配
make the most of (充分利用);in the daytime (在白天);in the end (最后);in the habit of (有……习惯);not in the least (not at all) (一点也不);in the distance (在远处);in the way(挡道)等。
[真题示例1](2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
The meat should be fresh with________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现该空在名词前,考查冠词。a touch of 为固定搭配,意为“少许”。故填a。
[真题示例2](2023 浙江高考·1月卷)
In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect____________culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现该空在名词前,考查冠词。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
突破策略2当空格需要填介词时
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
牢记常考介词构成的短语
1.由at构成的短语
at dawn/sunrise/noon/night/dusk黎明、日出、中午、晚上、黄昏;at table/college吃饭、上大学;at last最后;at a time一次;at times有时候;at the same time同时;at all costs不惜一切代价
2.由by构成的短语
by accident/chance偶然;by turns轮流;by check用支票;by mistake错误地;by no means决不;by e-mail通过电子邮件;by birth天生的;by means of借助……手段;by the way顺便说一句
3.由from构成的短语
from memory凭记忆;from day to day日复一日;from now on 从现在起;from bad to worse越来越糟;from beginning to end 从头到尾;from time to time时不时地
4.由in构成的短语
in high/poor/bad spirits情绪高涨/低落/差;in tears热泪盈眶;in fear在恐惧中;in danger在危险中;in peace和平相处;in surprise惊讶地;in trouble陷入困境;in safety很安全;in need有需要
5.由on构成的短语
on board乘(车、船、飞机);on duty值班;on fire着火;on earth到底;on holiday/vacation度假;on strike罢工;on show在上映;on (the) average平均;on purpose故意地;on the contrary相反;on the way to在去……的路上;on foot步行;on hire雇用;on business出差;on sale在出售/在打折;on a visit在访问;on the spot当场;on the phone在打/接电话;on time准时
6.由of构成的短语
①of+抽象名词=形容词
②of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词
如:It is of great/much value.=It is very valuable.
③of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词
如It is of no use.=It is not useful.=It is useless.
7.由out of构成的短语
out of breath气喘吁吁;out of control失去控制;out of danger脱险;out of work失业;out of date过时;out of fashion过时;out of order发生故障;out of reach拿不到;out of touch失去联系;out of the question不可能;out of question没问题
[真题示例1](2023 新高考Ⅰ卷)
There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed________ hand rather than rolled.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现空格放在名词前,应考虑介词与名词的搭配。by hand是固定搭配,意为“用手”。故填by。
[真题示例2](2023 全国甲卷)
She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility________ saving their environment.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现空格在动词-ing前,应考虑用介词,结合句意可知, 此处考查固定短语“take responsibility for”,意为“对……负责”。故填for。
[真题示例3](2023 全国乙卷)
From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
【解答思路】根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用“from...to”结构。故填to。
突破策略3当空格需要填代词时
当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括不定代词和it。
1.熟记不定代词的区别
the other 指两者中的另一个,表示特指
other 表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”,修饰可数名词复数,不可单独使用
others 泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,常用结构:some...others...
the others 表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”
another 泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的 “一个”,其复数形式是 ones
that 指代上文出现的单数名词或不可数名词
those 指代上文出现的复数名词
2.牢记代词it的常考用法
①指代天气、时间、距离等。
②代替上文提到过的事物。
③代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。
④代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。
⑤it的常用固定句型
·It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他.
·It+be+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.+that...
·It seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb.+that...
·It is said/reported/believed...+that...
·It takes sb.some time/money to do sth.
·主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep...+it+补语+to do sth./that...
·主语+like/hate/love/appreciate...+it+从句
[真题示例1]
If you are time-poor,you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give________ a try.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现指代上文中所提到的人或物时,应考虑用相应的代词。根据句意可知,此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”,指代上文中的跑步这件事。故填it。
[真题示例2]
Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap________ can be to eat out.
【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时,应考虑用it。it作形式主语,不定式to eat out为真正的主语。故填it。
【题型精练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty (618-907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, 1 he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, was listed 2 a tribute (贡品) to the imperial court for its supreme quality during the period.
The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is 3 (extreme) demanding. Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, 4 (go) through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years before it can transform fine Xuan paper. 5 entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master limited number of 6 (step).
The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability 7 (give) full play to ink. Xuan paper 8 (accompany) the passionate brushstrokes (笔画) of the Chinese literati (文人) for thousands of years. Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage 9 (bring) by time. It is this durability that has made the preservation of many 10 (value) works from ancient China possible.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, the first Italian female astronaut Samantha Christophretti, 11 was on a mission at the international space station, 12 (release) a group of space photography works on social media, and attached several lines from the preface to the Orchid Pavilion 13 (write) by the famous Chinese calligrapher Wang Xizhi, showing the magnificence of our blue planet Earth seen from China’s space station.
“ Looking up, I see the immense of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world. The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, and indeed, this is true 14 (happy).” This move aroused a 15 (heat) discussion among netizens at home and abroad.
“We have taken notice of the relevant reports and praised the Italian astronauts.” foreign ministry spokesman Maoning said that 16 has been a human dream to understand and explore the universe since ancient times. 17 the progress of science and technology, “Embrace the moon in the Ninth Heaven” 18 (become) a reality.
19 (promote) the common well-being of all mankind, all countries can and need to work together to look after the planet we all call home and make the world 20 better place.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heatable Brick Beds Warm NE China Homes
In northeast China’s chilly winter, getting into a warm bed is made possible by an ancient heatable brick bed that could date back more than two thousand years 21 is still widely used today. These beds not only bring warmth to local residents, but also continue the folk culture of northeast China.
The bed is made of bricks or other forms of fired clay with 22 width of about1.7 m to 2.3 m and a length that can be determined according to the length of the bedroom. It uses a ducted heating system similar to the Roman hypocaust, 23 (compose) of a stove, a bed and a chimney. The stove 24 (use) to burn firewood. Smoke and heat generated by burning firewood pass through an internal hollow and curved flue system to heat the bed above. Smoke is eventually discharged outward through the chimney. The bed retains heat well, 25 enables people 26 (have) a comfortable sleeping environment in the cold winter. In addition, 27 (sleep) on the heatable brick bed for a prolonged period is good for the blood 28 (circulate) and metabolism of the body, and can relieve some diseases such as arthritis and waist and leg pain.
The heatable brick bed is not only used as a bed, but also a living area for the family. People 29 (routine) have their meals and family 30 (gathering) on the bed in cold winters. The bed is a symbol of home that embodies the emotion and love they feel towards their families.
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The medals of the 19th Asian Games were created after nearly two years of team effort.
“We 31 (have) no idea at the beginning. To be honest, it was difficult to deliver Hangzhou’s thousands of years of culture and showcase its unique features to the world in such a small medal,” Zhang recalls.
32 more than 20 drafts, the final design of the medal features the natural landscape of Hangzhou in the style of a traditional painting-- 33 (mist) hills, a rippling lake, and rolling mountains on the front, 34 the back face features the logo of the Olympic Council of Asia.
The design of the medal 35 (highlight) Hangzhou’s ecological importance, with its beautiful scenery, clear water and rolling hills. The bridge-shaped buckle (锁扣) at the top of the ribbon (带子) symbolizes 36 famous water towns of the Yangtze River Delta region.
37 (participate) in the opening bidding (招标) for the Asian Games project, their designs stood out from more than 4,200 38 (competitor).
“Having the opportunity to participate in the design of the Games is 39 (actual) a lifelong pursuit for us as designers,” says Fang.
The team conducted a great deal of initial research 40 (select) elements that can represent Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and China.
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Hangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee 41 (announce) on Feb 12 that 6Gtechnology would be used in the 19th Asian games in Hangzhou, capital of China’s eastern province of Zhejiang, 42 (aim) to create a high-tech and intelligent sports event.
The technology refers to a reconfigurable (可重新配置的) intelligent surface, 43 AI-empowered artificial material. It is a smart platform enabling 44 (vary) functions such as data mining, communication, energy harvesting, and sensing by directly processing illuminated information-carrying waves at a physical level.
“We have done tests in several sporting 45 (venue) of the Hangzhou Asian Games. After combining the reconfigurable intelligent surface technology 46 base stations, the signal intensity in areas with previously poor signal was 10 times greater than before, making 47 easier to communicate,” an expert said.
“It was 48 (independent) developed by China and boasts low energy consumption and great effectiveness, 49 can reduce power consumption while increasing the signal transmission efficiency,” the expert added. “The technology is still undergoing research and development and is expected 50 (demonstrate) to the public during the Hangzhou Asian Games from Sept 23 to Oct 8.”
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a specially designed studio theater in Hangzhou, a latest Yueju Opera production, New Dragon Gate Inn performed by Xiao Bai Hua Opera troupes (剧团), has emerged 51 an immediate hit. It not only showcases a traditional art form that definitely 52 (deserve) more attention, but also wins younger audiences who are usually not opera-goers.
The name of the adapted work is the same as that of the 1992 classic martial arts film. 53 (wise), the Shaoxing Opera captures the interest of a younger audience by combining traditional Chinese opera with modern theater models and dramatic concepts. The audience sits very close to the performers, engaging with them and immersing themselves in 54 unique and fascinating viewing experience.
Through her cross-dressed role Jia Ting, 31-year-old female performer Chen Lijun has suddenly risen to fame due to her gorgeous appearance, elegant air 55 skillful performance. A livestream of the opera in August attracted millions of viewers and sparked heated discussions online, 56 (earn) over 14,000 comments. Clips of her performances, such as a scene 57 she effortlessly spins the landlady around with just one arm, went viral on various social media 58 (platform).
In addition to the bold and innovative 59 (adapt), the marketing approach has also been a new experiment that has turned out successful. This is a positive step in the revival of this ancient art. The success of New Dragon Gate Inn signals a 60 (promise) future for other traditional Chinese art forms.
