2024届高考英语写作题型全面突破专题28 概要写作技法点拨讲义

概要写作技法点拨
目录
1.考情分析
2.写作步骤
3.不同文体的写作技巧
4.tips to paraphrase
5.真题体验
6.优质模拟题
1.考情分析
概要写作属于限制性写作，所提供短文词数在350左右，要求考生概括和准确获取文章关键词，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。所选材料体裁没有限制，以议论文、说明文为主。
评分标准： (1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
(3)上下文的连贯性；
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
(5) 字数超过6个以内-1，超过6个以上-2
（6）不要连续5个字以上使用原文
概要写作的特点：简洁，客观，全面，一定要使用第三人称。
2.写作步骤
Step 1. 判断文体，厘清文体结构
Step 2. 确定主题、关键词
Step 3. 组织支撑句，将原文关键词或句型进行同义替换和句型转换，恰当衔接，连句成文
注意：
1.成文应仅涵盖材料的关键事实，省掉不必要的细节，不能添加个人观点
2.材料中的例子可以去繁就简，选择典型例子保留
3.不同文体写作技巧
4.tips to paraphrase
1.同义词替换
Get- obtain/ gain/ acquire decide-- determine finish---complete/accomplish
Improve--promote/ enhance buy ---purchase remember---keep in mind
2.词性变化
Important--be of importance benefit ---beneficial/ be of benefit
3.语态变化
Take measures to do-- measures should be taken to do
4.非谓语与从句的转换
He was late for school because he got up late.---- Getting up late, he was late for school.
5.真题体验
2023.6上海真题
Teenagers should be pulled out of the sofa,say
scientists
For many years, scientists thought that the human
brain was fully mature before the teen years. They thought that a person's brain growth was complete and the structure was more or less fixed by the age of 3.However, more recent research shows that although the brain reaches its maximum size between the age of 12 and 14, brain development is not yet complete. The brain's functionally different sections communicate with each other through synapses
connections between nerve cells. Scientists have found that synapses grow or die away, depending on how much they are used to process information.
The good news is that teenagers do have the potential, through choice and behaviour, to shape their brain development. The brain automatically gets rid of the synapses that it doesn't need in order to make the remaining ones more efficient. During the time the brain is removing synapses, the cells and connections that are used survived, while the ones that are not used die away.For example,if a teenager is doing music,sports or academic studies,those are the cells and connections that will become part of the brain's operating system.But unfortunately, if he or she is lying on the sofa, watching TV and playing computer games,those are the brain cells and connections that will remain into adulthood. Therefore, what you do with your teenage years could have an effect on the rest of your life.
What is important is that leaving how synapses grow or die away can help teenagers be better equipped to make more intelligent choices,thus motivating them to take a moment before acting to consider the consequences of their action.If you don't want to become an adult who is buried in the sofa all daylong, pull yourself out of it
when you are still a teenager.
参考答案：
This research finds teenagers' brain is still developing. Synapses connect nerve cells and enable different brain parts to make communication.They grow when used and disappear if unused. What teenagers choose to do determines what cells and connections survive into adulthood,thus affecting their adult life. This knowledge of synapses can help teenagers make wiser choices.
解析：五分满分，在及格分3分的基础上，要提及以下两点能得满分
1.完整概括青少年大脑生理机能，要表达出用synapses进废退的特征, 表达出They grow when used and disappear if unused。
2.完整概括青少年行为的两大影响：对大脑的影响和对成年生活的影响。
2023.1上海真题
For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel.But are novels simply a pleasant way to pass the time,or could it be true that reading fiction actually benefits our lives
One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won't. It can transport us to 17th century France,or to war-torn Germany. It can take us to a future world in which artificial intelligence takes over and books are banned,or a fantasy world where people battle it out for food.
Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven't yet met.And this, according to Carrie Oates,a novelist and academic,is perhaps the real benefit of stories.In one of her studies,participants were asked to read either a short story by Chekhov,or a version of the story in documentary form. Those who were given the fictionalized version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters thus going through greater changes in personality.
In another study,she showed participates photos of eyes of people who were feeling and thinking different things.The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and minds of the characters. We think about why, they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely to do next.Just as we might become more knowledgeable about psychology and astronomy if we read about psychology and astronomy,we get better at this kind of social thinking if we read fiction.This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life.
参考答案
Fiction reading is joyful and good for our lives.Fiction can lead us to where we can't go in real life and let us know different people.Carrie Oates finds that fiction reading enables us to better understand the characters and thus change our personality and that this understanding helps us identify with real people around us.
6.优质模拟
1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats. As part of the world’s ecosystems, wildlife provides balance and stability to nature’s processes. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the survival of these species, and to educate people on living sustainably(可持续地) with other species.
The human population has grown significantly over the past 200 years, to more than seven billion people today, and it continues to rapidly grow. This means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet. This growth endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. Other threats to wildlife include the introduction of invasive(侵入的) species from other parts of the world, climate change, pollution, hunting and fishing.
National and international organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the United Nations work to support global animal and habitat conservation efforts on many different fronts. They work with the government to establish and protect public lands, like national parks and wildlife reserves. They help make laws, such as the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 in the United States, to protect various species. They work with law enforcement to prosecute(起诉) wildlife crimes, like illegal wildlife trade and hunting. They also promote biodiversity to support the growing human population while preserving existing species and habitats.
National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola are working to slow the extinction of global species and to protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world.
注意：请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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2．阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
On Sunday, the second day of Spring Festival, a man was killed after he fell into the tiger enclosure while trying to get into the zoo in Ningbo, East China’s Zhejiang Province, without paying for a ticket.
The tragedy cost two lives, as the tiger was shot dead when zoo employees tried to rescue the man.
As news of the incident spread, the majority of voices online blamed the dead man for the animal’s death. Some said this was a sign that people are becoming more cold hearted. But they are wrong. People have been displaying increasingly more enthusiasm for helping those in need and participating in charity work. In 2016, the China Charity Federation received donations of 18.8 billion yuan ($2.7 billion) in total, 46 percent more than the donations received in 2015, and they sent helping hands to one tragedy after another.
People are just tired of forgiving those in the wrong. While sympathy is right, it has been abused too much. When somebody commits a crime, no matter how cruel the crime is, media outlets explain the criminal’s miserable childhood and there are calls for forgiveness. When someone smokes in public, there are always people calling for tolerance.
People are fed up and angry with lawbreakers escaping their due punishments in the name of forgiveness and tolerance.
But going back to the tragedy at the wildlife park in Ningbo, the tiger’s death shows the park was not well prepared for such emergencies. They did not have any tranquilizer guns that could sedate the tiger immediately and save the lives of both the man and the endangered animal.
In the meantime, it is necessary to raise people’s awareness that the animals in zoos and wildlife parks are not domesticated pets, and of the need for visitors to observe rules for their own safety.
The man in the Ningbo incident paid for his fault with his life, but the tiger was killed for his fault, too. We sincerely hope no more tigers or humans will pay for such fault.
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3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Does Reading Improve Health
When thinking about our well being and taking care of ourselves, some things that we should do are harder than others. Reading is one of the easier ones. What follows are a number of ways in which reading can help maintain and improve health.
Reading allows you to de-stress by unplugging and escaping. In one study, reading was found to be as effective as yoga and humor in reducing subjective feelings of stress over a 30-minute period, as well as blood pressure and heart rate. Note that a good old-fashioned book or a dedicated eBook reader is the best way to do this.
Readers may live longer than non-readers. One study found that this was supposed to be due to the effect that reading has on maintaining cognitive abilities over time. In another study of individuals aged 64 and over, those who read at least once a week were less likely to experience cognitive decline than those who did not. At the 14-year mark of the study, and regardless of educational level, those who read more enjoyed greater protection. This effect is maintained into readers’ 80’s.
Bibliotherapy, or the use of various reading materials for the promotion of psychological health, is a well-known aid to mental health treatment. Bibliotherapy can consist of any type of literature and may include self-help books, focused readings, first-hand accounts of others’ experiences, and even relevant fiction. This can be a powerful strategy and has been used successfully to reduce depression, suicidal thinking, anxiety, stress and etc.
The benefits of reading are innumerable and reading is a low to no-cost activity. Cheap and no-cost books are everywhere. Public libraries continue to be one of the most amazing resources. If you aren’t a natural reader, you have nothing to lose by giving it a try.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ignoring Your Biggest Regrets
Regrets, people often feel, are to be avoided. Mistakes may be unavoidable, but they should be kept to a minimum. And when they do occur, the best course of action is to ignore them as inevitable steps on our journey. That seems logical, at least until you consider that one of the criteria for mental illness is an inability to feel regret. As author Kathryn Schulz argues, “If you want to be fully functional, and fully human, and fully humane, I think you need to learn to live not without regret, but with it.” Counter intuitively, she and other experts argue feeling regret is essential for living your best life. No one is saying, of course, that getting trapped in your past mistakes is a good idea. But neither is a “no regrets and never look back” mentality.
Regret forces us to engage in a reflective analysis to understand why we thought or acted the way we did and makes us try things differently in the future. If you keep telling yourself “no regrets,” then learning isn’t going to happen. Besides, hiding from regret doesn’t make it hurt less. Action does. Action, recent research shows, is the best way to make regret hurt less. So if you’re troubled by your failure to travel when you were young, science suggests you consciously plan an adventurous trip now that you’re older and wiser. Upset about a broken friendship Act to try to repair it.
Acknowledging our mistakes, rather than ignoring them, reminds us that we are valuable and worthy despite our faults. That sort of acceptance is the basis both of real self-confidence and of true kindness. As Schulz sums up in her talk: “Regret doesn’t remind us that we did badly. It reminds us we know we can do better.”
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Dealing with One Missed Workout
It’s a common dilemma (图局)for anyone on a training plan: You miss one workout and become awashed with guilt. To make up for it, you add those extra miles to your next workout. But according to the professionals, this isn’t the right way to go about it. “A single workout is not going to make or break a training plan. The key to training is consistency over time,” says John Raglin, PhD, professor in the Department of Kinesiology at Indiana University Bloomington.
When you miss a workout, the temptation is to think, “Oh, I’ve got to do more tomorrow”. But when you try to catch up on your workouts, you run a couple of risks: “Certainly an injury, but also becoming over-tired, which could ruin your training after that, ” says Raglin. This is a phenomenon called ‘non-functional overreaching’, “he says. Eventually, this could lead to overtraining syndrome (综合症), which is characterized by a decrease in performance later due to a long-term increase in training load without adequate recovery.
So how do you move forward if you skipped a run or five Well first, people download generalized training plans without understanding that they are meant to be adapted to life. There is a whole host of life stressors—job, kids, friendships, travel—and exercise is just another type of stress. Actually, when things get chaotic in your life, it may be necessary to just let go. Next, if you missed a workout, you have to ask yourself why: “Was it just because your schedule got out of hand or because you were feeling overly exhausted ” Understanding why you missed the workout can offer some insights into how to tailor your program to suit your lifestyle.
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6．Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. And yet, in spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.
Writer and editor Joseph Lewis believes that most of our school experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.
Another problem is that in school, many students spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees “are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor’s instructions.” Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively—skills that will prepare them to succeed in today’s workplace.
Finally, in the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee’s success not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. Knowing how to participate in teamwork--and deal with problems when they arise is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students didn’t get quite exposed to in a school setting.
How can we better prepare young adults for the work place Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some advice. Despite classroom instruction, many think that all students should be required to do an internship (实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world. Doing these will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful.
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7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Competitive Cheerleading
Over the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.
Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws.
Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance. Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.
Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.
There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.
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8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why companies are hiring "prompt engineers"
With the new generative AI tools, like ChatGPT, anyone can put in a prompt—type in a few words and get a result. But that doesn’t mean that the results will be relevant or accurate.
The key is putting in the right prompt. That’s why some businesses are now hiring prompt engineers-people with the skill, background and practice to talk to so-called large-language AI systems effectively and why many people expect prompt engineering to be a desirable skill for many kinds of workers to add to their resumes.
In general, the more detailed the request, the closer the response will come to what the user is looking for. But the most effective prompt engineering goes beyond adding detail.
For one thing, adding the right detail to get the best response is crucial. Also, there are many ways to guide how an AI system presents the information it finds, depending on the goal-telling it to write in a certain style or for a certain audience, for instance. Each tool also has particular capabilities and limitations that users can learn to tackle. And the best results often come from an extended conversation with the AI, reacting to what it produces and asking for refinements.
Even for people applying to jobs that don’t clearly mention prompt engineering, having this skill could become essential for all sorts of roles. Art directors could use generative AI to outline ideas, and marketers could use it to develop new slogans. Software engineers could use it to find problems with their code. Lawyers could use it to research a piece of law. This is going to be a foundational skill that all of us need to know. The through line is when you learn a new skill, you can take it in any direction you like.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
ChatGPT Helps People a Lot
In real life, robot customer service in various applications are broadly similar to ChatGPT’s Al products. It is ChatGPT’s ability to learn the most with the highest level of intelligence that has made it a global hit. At the end of November 2022, AI research lab OpenAI launched AI chat software ChatGPT. So what exactly can ChatGPT do, and how can it help us ordinary people
First, chat with ChatGPT as if it were your friend when you’re bored, and it will constantly revise its parameters (参数) and behavior with your advice and guidance. So the more you talk to it, the more it knows what you want, and the more it responds to you. Take travel as an example. While there are a lot of travel recommendation sites out there right now, they can’t be customized to the individual, but you can ask ChatGPT for very specific information to get suggestions.
Second, ChatGPT can be used when you want to create content but lack ideas. It can open your mind to ideas as well as create ideas for you. Children in the growth always like to listen to parents tell new stories, and story-telling gives a lot of parents a headache. What should we do when we run out of storybooks ChatGPT is a great story generator, which generates a whole new story, as many as you want, based on the themes and characters you provide. It’s perfect.
Third, let ChatGPT help you out when you’re not sure how to get started with a paper, or an article. Of course, it doesn’t always provide the right content, so we can learn from its framework, and it’s much easier to fill in the content from there. Enter information about the type, title, column name, data, and so on, and ChatGPT will generate the table with one click. You can add columns and rows and do in-table calculations.
According to ChatGPT’s own answer, it’s just an unconscious computer program. It can carry on self-active learning and realize task transfer under the regular instruction. Docs the answer ChatGPT gives you have to be the right answer For conscious humans, it might be better to pick from all the possible answers.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How to Be a Better Boss
Workplaces have changed dramatically over the past few years. Teams have become more isolated owing to remote work. Technology has brought great benefits but also constant interruptions, from endless Zoom calls to message flows on Slack. With each shift, the job of the manager has become harder. Many report feeling burnt-out, overloaded and confused.
Yet in real life everyone suffers when management is bad and benefits when it is good Research based on a long-running survey of management techniques has found that well-managed firms tend to be more productive, export more and spend more on research and development.
So the prize for better management is big. But how to obtain it Read enough management books and you might conclude that managers need to change their personality thoroughly, becoming either Machiavelli’s prince or a Marvel superhero. However, study successful managers, and more practical lessons can be drawn.
One is to be clear about a firm’s processes. Managers should make clear the purpose of a team, what a meeting should achieve and who will take a decision. Meeting agendas at GSK, a British drugs firm, clearly say whether an item is for awareness, to gather participants’ input or intended to make a decision. Such clarity means that everyone knows what they are doing, and why.
Management isn’t all about piling up tasks, meetings or processes. A second lesson is that managers can add value by deleting. Sparing workers from pointless meetings, emails and projects frees them to concentrate on the work that fattens the bottom line. At the start of the year, Shopify, an e-commerce firm, deleted 12,000 repeated meetings from its employees’ calendars. The useful ones were eventually added back. But the firm says that meetings are down by 14% since the mass deletion while productivity has gone up by a similar amount.
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参考答案：
1．The concept of wildlife protection aims to protect plant and animal species, their habitats, and promote harmonious coexistence of humans with other species. Human population growth and other threats risk the habitats and existence of wildlife. National and international organizations work to support global animal and habitat conservation efforts. National Geographic Explorers, environmental filmmakers and photographers also make their contributions.
本文是一篇说明文。野生生物保护指的是保护动植物及其栖息地，促进人类与其他物种和谐共处。人口的增长以及其他威胁因素使得野生生物的栖息地和生存遭受危险。国际和国内的组织以及国家地理探险家、环保电影制作人、环保摄影家采取了行动去保护野生生物及其栖息地。
1. 要点摘录
①Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats.
②The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the survival of these species, and to educate people on living sustainably(可持续地) with other species.
③The human population has grown significantly over the past 200 years, to more than seven billion people today, and it continues to rapidly grow.
④This growth endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. Other threats to wildlife include the introduction of invasive(侵入的) species from other parts of the world, climate change, pollution, hunting and fishing.
⑤National and international organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the United Nations work to support global animal and habitat conservation efforts on many different fronts.
⑥National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola are working to slow the extinction of global species and to protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world.
2. 缜密构思
将要点1和2、要点3和4进行整合，要点5、6进行重组。
3. 遣词造句
①According to wildlife protection, its goal is to ensure the survival of plant and animal species, and to educate people on living sustainably with other species
②Besides the human population growth that endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, there are also other threats to wildlife.
③National and international organizations spare no effort to protect global animal and habitats.
④Some individuals like National Geographic Explorers and environmental filmmakers and photographers also make essential efforts to help wildlife conservation.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The concept of wildlife protection aims to protect plant and animal species, their habitats, and promote harmonious coexistence of humans with other species.(使用了不定式作宾语)
【高分句型2】National and international organizations work to support global animal and habitat conservation efforts. (使用了不定式作目的状语)
2．A man, trying to avoid admission fee, climbed over the wall, ending up costing his own life and the life of the tiger eating him in the zoo in Ningbo. (要点1) Many people blame the rule offender for the death of the tiger not because they are cold blooded but because rules should be respected and sympathy shouldn’t be abused. (要点2) To avoid such tragedies, the park should take more emergency precautions and the public should raise their awareness of obeying rules. (要点3)
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要叙述了在宁波的动物园里，一名男子为了逃避门票费，翻墙后被老虎吃掉了。许多人将老虎的死亡归咎于违规者，他们认为规则应该得到尊重，同情不应该被滥用。作责提出为了避免此类悲剧，公园应该采取更多的紧急预防措施，公众应该提高遵守规则的意识。
1.要点摘录
①a man was killed after he fell into the tiger enclosure while trying to get into the zoo in Ningbo, East China’s Zhejiang Province, without paying for a ticket. The tragedy cost two lives, as the tiger was shot dead when zoo employees tried to rescue the man.
②the majority of voices online blamed the dead man for the animal’s death. Some said this was a sign that people are becoming more cold hearted. But they are wrong. People are just tired of forgiving those in the wrong. While sympathy is right, it has been abused too much.
③the tiger’s death shows the park was not well prepared for such emergencies.
④In the meantime, it is necessary to raise people’s awareness
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A man, who tried to avoid admission fee, climbed over the wall, ending up costing his own life and the life of the tiger eating him in the zoo in Ningbo.
Many people think the rule offender is to blame for the death of the tiger not because they are cold blooded but because rules should be respected and sympathy shouldn’t be abused.
【点睛】【高分句型1】A man, trying to avoid admission fee, climbed over the wall, ending up costing his own life and the life of the tiger eating him in the zoo in Ningbo. 用一个复杂的现在分词trying作定语和现在分词ending作结果状语的句子，对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
【高分句型2】Many people blame the rule offender for the death of the tiger not because they are cold blooded but because rules should be respected and sympathy shouldn’t be abused.用一个复杂的带有两个because引导的原因状语从句的复合句，对原文第三段、第四段和第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
【高分句型3】To avoid such tragedies, the park should take more emergency precautions and the public should raise their awareness of obeying rules.用一个带有不定式To avoid作目的状语的句子，对原文第六段、第七段和第八段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
3．There are numerous benefits of reading in maintaining and improving one’s health. Reading can help reduce stress, living longer by keeping cognitive abilities, and maintain psychological health. It is a low-cost activity that can be enjoyed by everyone.
本文是一篇说明文。阅读在许多方面有助于保持和改善健康，它可以让你减压、通过保护认知能力延长寿命、促进心理健康。阅读的好处不可估量的，是一项低成本甚至免费的活动，值得人们尝试。
1. 要点摘录
①What follows are a number of ways in which reading can help maintain and improve health.
②Reading allows you to de-stress by unplugging and escaping.
③Readers may live longer than non-readers. One study found that this was supposed to be due to the effect that reading has on maintaining cognitive abilities over time.
④Bibliotherapy, or the use of various reading materials for the promotion of psychological health, is a well-known aid to mental health treatment.
⑤The benefits of reading are innumerable and reading is a low to no-cost activity. Cheap and no-cost books are everywhere.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、5个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。
3. 遣词造句
①Reading can help maintain and improve health in a number of ways.
②Reading is beneficial in de-stressing, longer life by maintaining cognitive abilities and the promotion of psychological health.
③Reading is a low to no-cost activity available to everyone.
【点睛】【高分句型1】There are numerous benefits of reading in maintaining and improving one’s health.(使用了There be结构、动名词作宾语)
【高分句型2】It is a low-cost activity that can be enjoyed by everyone.(使用了that引导定语从句)
4． Contrary to popular belief that regrets should be ignored, Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is crucial for a happy life. Regret makes us reflect upon past action, making learning possible. Besides, action rather than hiding from regrets makes us feel less pain(ful). To sum up, regret is a reminder telling us that we can be better.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，与人们普遍认为后悔应该被忽略的观点相反，作者舒尔茨指出，后悔对幸福生活至关重要。后悔使我们反思过去的行为，使学习成为可能。此外，行动而不是逃避遗憾会让我们感到更少的痛苦。总之，遗憾是一个提醒，告诉我们，我们可以做得更好。
1.要点摘录
①Regrets, people often feel, are to be avoided.
②Regret forces us to engage in a reflective analysis to understand why we thought or acted the way we did and makes us try things differently in the future.
③Action does. Action, recent research shows, is the best way to make regret hurt less. So if you’re troubled by your failure to travel when you were young, science suggests you consciously plan an adventurous trip now that you’re older and wiser. Upset about a broken friendship Act to try to repair it.
④Acknowledging our mistakes, rather than ignoring them, reminds us that we are valuable and worthy despite our faults.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Contrary to popular belief that regrets should be ignored, Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is crucial for a happy life.
Regret makes us reflect upon past action, making learning possible.
Besides, action rather than hiding from regrets makes us feel less pain(ful).
To sum up, regret is a reminder telling us that we can be better.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Contrary to popular belief that regrets should be ignored, Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is crucial for a happy life.运用that引导同位语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] To sum up, regret is a reminder telling us that we can be better.用that引导宾语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
5．Professionals say it’s not right to make up for a missed workout because it may cause overtraining syndrome, which can affect your training performance later. Therefore, you should adapt the training plans to your life to avoid being overstressed and learn the reasons behind the missing to adjust the training plans.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，专业人士说，弥补错过的锻炼是不对的，因为这可能会导致过度训练综合症，从而影响你以后的训练表现。因此，你应该使训练计划适应你的生活，避免压力过大，并了解缺失背后的原因，以调整训练计划。
1 要点摘录
①To make up for it, you add those extra miles to your next workout.
②But according to the professionals, this isn’t the right way to go about it.
③There is a whole host of life stressors—job, kids, friendships, travel—and exercise is just another type of stress.
④Actually, when things get chaotic in your life, it may be necessary to just let go.
⑤Understanding why you missed the workout can offer some insights into how to tailor your program to suit your lifestyle.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Making up for missed workouts is a bad idea, experts say, because it can lead to overtraining syndrome, which can affect your training performance later on.
Therefore, you should adapt the training program to your life, avoid excessive stress, and understand the reasons behind the missing in order to adjust the training program.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Professionals say it’s not right to make up for a missed workout because it may cause overtraining syndrome, which can affect your training performance later. (运用了宾语从句和which引导的非限定性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Therefore, you should adapt the training plans to your life to avoid being overstressed and learn the reasons behind the missing to adjust the training plans. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
6．Many graduates find it tough to adapt to the transition from school to workplace. Firstly, because they aren’t familiar with career uncertainty. Secondly, because they lack integrated skills essential for future success and thirdly, because they don’t know how to cooperate with others. Therefore, doing social practices like internships and volunteering can prepare students for their successful transition to work. (60 words)
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，许多毕业生发现很难适应从学校到职场的过渡。首先，因为他们不熟悉职业的不确定性。第二，因为他们缺乏未来成功所必需的综合技能，第三，因为他们不知道如何与他人合作。因此，像实习和志愿者这样的社会实践可以为学生成功过渡到工作做好准备。
1 要点摘录
①And yet, in spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.
②Writer and editor Joseph Lewis believes that most of our school experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain.
③Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively—skills that will prepare them to succeed in today’s workplace. Finally, in the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success.
④Despite classroom instruction, many think that all students should be required to do an internship (实习) while they are in school.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
A number of graduates find it difficult to fit in the transition from school to workplace.
To begin with, because they are unfamiliar with career uncertainty.
Secondly, because they are short of comprehensive skills essential for future success and thirdly, because they don’t know how to be cooperative with others.
Therefore, doing practical work like internships and volunteering can make students prepared for their successful transition to work.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Secondly, because they lack integrated skills essential for future success and thirdly, because they don’t know how to cooperate with others.运用because引导原因状语从句对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Therefore, doing social practices like internships and volunteering can prepare students for their successful transition to work.用动名词作主语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
7．Competitive cheerleading is a competitive sport rather than an entertainment activity. It is physically demanding. It is a rule-governed sport where participants are scored for technique, with a strict time constraint for their performances. Moreover, the sport involves higher injury rates, impacting various body parts. Good coordination and teamwork are also needed for success.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，竞技啦啦队是一项竞技运动，而不是娱乐活动。这对体力要求很高。这是一项有规则的运动，参与者根据技术得分，并有严格的时间限制。此外，这项运动涉及更高的受伤率，影响到身体的各个部位。良好的协调和团队合作也需要成功。
1 要点摘录
①Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport.
②However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment.
③Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.
④Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared.
⑤It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness.
⑥According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women.
⑦Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.
⑧So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2和4、5和6、7几个要点进行重组，将第3、8两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Competitive cheerleading is a competitive sport, not a recreational activity.
The physical demands are high.
It is a regulated sport where participants are awarded points based on skill and there is a strict time limit.
In addition, the sport involves a higher rate of injuries that affect all parts of the body.
Good coordination and teamwork also require success.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It is a rule-governed sport where participants are scored for technique, with a strict time constraint for their performances.(运用了关系副词where引导的限定性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Moreover, the sport involves higher injury rates, impacting various body parts. (运用了现在分词作状语)
8．Companies recruits prompt engineers because the new AI tools can't give accurate results. To get the best results, correct details, various methods to guide system, and a long dialogue are needed. However, the key is to input correct prompts—engineers’ ability to talk to the systems effectively, which is essential for all roles, taking you in any direction.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新生人工智能工具在搜索时不能给出相关的或者准确的结果，因此许多公司招聘提示工程师。他们能够输入正确的提示，有效地与所谓的大型语言人工智能系统交谈。这一技能在各种工作角色中是必不可少的。
1. 要点摘录
①The key is putting in the right prompt. That’s why some businesses are now hiring prompt engineers-people with the skill, background and practice to talk to so-called large-language AI systems effectively.
②For one thing, adding the right detail to get the best response is crucial. Also, there are many ways to guide how an AI system presents the information it finds. And the best results often come from an extended conversation with the AI, reacting to what it produces and asking for refinements.
③But the most effective prompt engineering goes beyond adding detail.
④Even for people applying to jobs that don’t clearly mention prompt engineering, having this skill could become essential for all sorts of roles.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第1、4个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Companies recruits prompt engineers because the new AI tools can't give accurate results.
To get the best results, correct details, various methods to guide system, and a long dialogue are needed.
However, the key is to input correct prompts—engineers’ ability to talk to the systems effectively, which is essential for all roles, taking you in any direction.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Companies recruits prompt engineers because the new AI tools can't give accurate results. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
【高分句型2】However, the key is to input correct prompts—engineers’ ability to talk to the systems effectively, which is essential for all roles, taking you in any direction. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句以及现在分词taking充当伴随状语)
9．One possible version:
ChatGPT can help us in many ways. First, the more we talk to it, the better advice it can provide. Second, it can create many new stories. Third, it can work out a framework for our writing. In a word, ChatGPT can give all the possible answers for us to choose from according to our needs.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，ChatGPT可以在很多方面帮助我们。首先，我们和它交谈得越多，它就能提供更好的建议。其次，它可以创造许多新的故事。第三，它可以为我们的写作制定一个框架。总之，ChatGPT可以根据我们的需要提供所有可能的答案供我们选择。
1.要点摘录
①So what exactly can ChatGPT do, and how can it help us ordinary people
②So the more you talk to it, the more it knows what you want, and the more it responds to you.
③Second, ChatGPT can be used when you want to create content but lack ideas. It can open your mind to ideas as well as create ideas for you.
④Of course, it doesn’t always provide the right content, so we can learn from its framework, and it’s much easier to fill in the content from there.
⑤For conscious humans, it might be better to pick from all the possible answers.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
ChatGPT can help us in many ways.
First, the more we talk to it, the better advice it can provide.
Second, it can create many new stories.
Third, it can work out a framework for our writing.
In a word, ChatGPT can give all the possible answers for us to choose from according to our needs.
【点睛】[高分句型1] First, the more we talk to it, the better advice it can provide.运用the+比较级，the+比较级对原文和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] In a word, ChatGPT can give all the possible answers for us to choose from according to our needs. 用for sb. to do句型对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
10．Changes in workplaces have made managers feel pressured. But good management often brings better-performing companies, so managers should learn to be good bosses. According to the study of successful managers, managers should make clear a firm’s processes to the staff so that everyone knows what to do. Also, they can boost productivity by deleting pointless tasks for the employees. (59)
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，工作场所的变化让管理者感到压力。但好的管理往往会带来更好的公司表现，因此管理者应该学会成为好老板。根据对成功管理者的研究，管理者应该向员工明确公司的流程，以便每个人都知道该做什么。此外，他们还可以通过删除员工的无意义任务来提高工作效率。
1. 要点摘录①Workplaces have changed dramatically over the past few years. Teams have become more isolated owing to remote work.
②Yet in real life everyone suffers when management is bad and benefits when it is good. So the prize for better management is big.
③One is to be clear about a firm’s processes. Managers should make clear the purpose of a team, what a meeting should achieve and who will take a decision.
④Management isn’t all about piling up tasks, meetings or processes. A second lesson is that managers can add value by deleting.
2.缜密构思将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句Changes in the workplace are stressful for managers.
But good management often leads to better company performance, so managers should learn to be good bosses.
According to research on successful managers, managers should make the company's processes clear to employees so that everyone knows what to do.
In addition, they can increase productivity by removing meaningless tasks from employees.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：According to the study of successful managers, managers should make clear a firm’s processes to the staff so that everyone knows what to do.（运用了so that引导的目的状语从句。）
[高分句型2]：Also, they can boost productivity by deleting pointless tasks for the employees.（运用了介词by后接动名词短语，作句子的状语成分。）