中考复习之宾语从句
宾语从句考点概括:
宾语从句的定义
(1)什么是宾语
宾语可以分为直接宾语,间接宾语,动宾,介宾共四类。
He told me that story ( Me人称代词做宾语)
He likes eating apple ( Eating动名词作宾语)
He wants to tell her ( To tell不定式作宾语)
I damaged his car ( Car名词作宾语)
(2)什么是宾语从句
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
I know the man.
主语 谓语 宾语
而这时,也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,就是宾语从句。
I know that the man is a policeman.
主句 宾语从句
(3)宾语从句的分类
动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句,形容词的宾语从句,例如:
1动词的宾语从句
We all expect that they will win.我们都预料他们会赢。
动词的短语也可以带宾语从句
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.交试卷前确保卷面上没有任何错误了。
2介词的宾语
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
3形容词的宾语
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他。
二.宾语从句的连接词
(1) that 引导的宾语从句
由that引导的宾语从句,表示陈述一件事实,that 在句中无任何意义,不充当句子成分,常常省略。
I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.
He said (that) he missed us very much.
(4)连接词that 不可省略的情况:
1、宾语从句前有插入语。
如:We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.
恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2、有间接宾语时。
如:He told me that he was leaving for Japan.
他告诉我他要去日本。
3、that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。
如:He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.
他说那本书很有趣,所含雀有小孩都喜欢读。
4、在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。
如:I think it necessary that he should stay here.
我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5、that从句单独回答问题时。
如:—What did he hear
他听说了什么事正戚?
—That Kate had passed the exam.
(他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6、在except等介词谈清早后。
如:He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.
他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7、位于句首时。
如:That our team will win, I believe.
我相信我们队会赢。
8、在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。
如:He replied that he disagreed.
他回答说他不同意。
if 和 whether 引导的宾语从句
1.表示“是否”的意思,说明对陈述的事物不明确或者不清楚,常用在ask,wonder,can(could)tell me 表示疑问不确定的词后边,从句句意完整,不缺成分。
I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us.
Could you tell me if (whether) Mr.Li lives here
只能用whether 不能用if 的情况
①用在不定时之前
I don’t know whether to go here at once.
②当与or not 连用,或者用or 提出两个选择的时候。
Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.
Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.
③介词的后面
I am thinking of whether we should go to the park.
由wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句,连接词有词义
...的事,用what,表时间,用when,表地点用where,表原因用why,表方式用how,表谁,用who
Could you tell us what they are doing now
We don’t know when he will arrive in China.
三.宾语从句的时态
1、宾语从句中主句是过去时态,宾语从句必须是过去的某种时态。例如:
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2、当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。例如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
3、当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。例如:He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
4、当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时态时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以是般将来时态、一般现在时态或者过去将来时态。
5、当主句的谓语动词是过去将来时态时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以是过去将来时态、过去完成时态或者过去进行时态。
四.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
(
谓语
) (
主语
)We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this
mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
(
谓语
) (
主语
)The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up
into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.