2024年复兴高级中学高二下期中考试
英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension (20)
Section A (10)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She is tired of teaching. B. She no longer works here.
C. She has just resigned. D. She is too busy.
2. A. Have a blood test. B. Drink less wine.
C. Consume more alcohol. D. Watch his weight.
3: A. She doesn’t need any dessert. B. She wants to eat more to feel full.
C. She prefers something else for dessert. D. She doesn’t think the ice cream is good.
4. A. $8. B. $10. C. $18. D. $80.
5. A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested.
6. A. He’ll move into his new apartment in a couple of months.
B. He’d like the woman to find him a new apartment.
C. The apartment might be too expensive for him.
D. The apartment is far from his expectation.
7. A. He paid a high price for his new cellphone. B. He has just earned a big sum of money.
C. He is pleased with his new purchase. D. He loves doing shopping.
8. A. She couldn’t find her watch. B. She feels bad about being late.
C. She forgot what time the library closed. D. She had never agreed to meet the man.
9. A. The man is too tired to go out.
B. The woman insists on going out.
C. The man promised the woman a gift on her birthday.
D. The woman preters to stay at home at their wedding anniversary.
10. A. She wouldn’t consider going on the field trip.
B. She thinks the class is too difficult for the man.
C. She has been on the trip herself and has enjoyed it.
D. She thinks there’s a good reason to take the field trip.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. They thinned their coffee crops.
B. They planted too much coffee crops.
C. They occupied Venezuela’s mountains.
D. They drove away red siskins from the forest.
12. A. They can get funds from the government.
B. They can sell the coffee beans at a higher price.
C. They can prevent coffee plants from disappearing.
D. They can attract more consumers with the quality beans.
13. A. Organic coffee beans developed to increase the production.
B. Coffee farmers who are devoted to bird protection.
C. A project intended to save an endangered bird.
D. A private zoo serving as a breeding center.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The different types of commercial jingle.
B. The early years of the commercial jingle.
C. The importance of the commercial jingle.
D. The reason why the commercial jingle emerges.
15. A. In the early1920s. B. In 1926. C. In the early 1930s. D. In 1936.
16. A. Televisions began to take the place of radios gradually.
B. The public was more likely to be impacted by words sung with music.
C. The market in the United States started to care about consumers’ taste.
D. The direct promotion of products was not allowed in peak listening hours.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It stops growing in size while you are approaching 40.
B. It keeps developing until you are in the late 40s.
C. It stops developing while you are 18.
D. It keeps growing in size all your life.
18. A. They interact with each other less often than thought.
B. The left side is more responsible face recognition.
C. The right side deals mainly with math and logic.
D. They need to work together to function.
19. A. Fried chickens. B. Hamburgers. C. Sugary drinks. D. Flain water.
20. A. It gets the brain to become stronger.
B. It helps the production of new brain cells.
C. It enables the brain to consume less oxygen.
D. It allows the brain to remain active all day long.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (25)
Section A (5分)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The majority of dictionaries are labeled desk dictionaries, __________ (range) from about 50,000 entries to 200,000 entries.
A. range B. ranged C. to range D. ranging
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数词典都被标记为桌面词典，条目从5万到20万不等。空处为非谓语动词， labeled desk dictionaries与range在逻辑上是主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故选D项。
2. He went out of the room and left the door half __________ (shut).
A. shut B. shutting C. shutted D. to shut
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他走出房间，把门半关着。leave +宾语+宾补，门和关着是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。shut过去分词是shut，故选A。
3. __________ (involve) in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while drawing our attention away from our worries and troubles.
A. Involving B. Involved C. Being involved D. To involve
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：与他人一起参与业余活动，有助于满足我们的社交需求，同时将我们的注意力从担忧和烦恼转移。A. Involving(参与，现在分词)；B. Involved(参与，过去分词)；C. Being involved(参与，动名词)；D. To involve(参与，不定式)。分析句子结构可知，本句为“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”结构，be involved in为固定短语，意为“涉及，参与”，本句缺少主语，谓语动词helps为单数形式，可知，应为动名词作主语，动名词形式Being involved in，故选C项。
4. Unless metals are polished frequently, they rust when __________ (expose) to air.
A. being exposed B. exposed C. exposing D. to be exposed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非金属经常抛光，否则暴露在空气中就会生锈。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。be exposed to“暴露于”。本句中的条件状语从句完整句子为when it is exposed，省略了it is。故选B项。
5. Friendship between Chinese may become lifelong attachments, with mutual obligations __________ (extend) into each other’s families.
A. extending B. extended C. to be extended D. being extended
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人之间友谊可以成为一生的感情，相互的义务延伸到彼此的家庭。此处为with的复合结构，且extend与obligations构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故选A。
6. I am so thankful and proud __________ (give) the opportunity to lead this kind of lifestyle, which someday will be passed on to my grandchildren .
A. to give B. to be given C. giving D. being given
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我非常感激和自豪有机会过上这种生活方式，总有一天这种生活方式会传给我的孙子孙女们。be proud to do sth.“以做某事为荣”，应用give“给”的不定式，且I与give为被动语态，用不定式的被动形式。故填选B。
7. I was about to leave the classroom when some students came to me and asked several questions __________ (cover) translation.
A. to cover B. to be covered C. covering D. covered
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我正要离开教室时，一些学生走到我面前，问了我几个关于翻译的问题。when引导的从句的谓语为came和asked的，此处为从句中的非谓语动词，且questions与cover“涉及”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰名词translation。故选C。
8. The rich life the businessman had long been used to __________ (change) greatly soon after the big failure of his business.
A. changed B. changing C. to change D. was changed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：生意大失败后不久，这位商人早已习惯的富裕生活发生了巨大变化。分析句子结构可知，the businessman had long been used to为定语从句，先行词是The rich life，本空为主句谓语，根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，谓语用过去式changed。故选A。
9. It is no use regretting __________ (not work) hard last term. What you should do is to make up your mind __________ (accomplish) your task.
A. not to work; accomplishing B. not working; accomplishing
C. not to work; to accomplish D. not working; to accomplish
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：后悔上学期没有努力学习是没有用。你应该做的是下定决心完成你的任务。根据句意可知，第一空使用固定搭配regret doing sth.“后悔做了,对做过的事表示遗憾、后悔”，应用work的动名词，作宾语。第二空是固定搭配make up one’s mind to do sth.“下定决心做某事”，应用accomplish“完成”的不定式。故选D。
10. Many people find themselves __________ (stick) in jobs without a hope of advancement, so they feel a need to get more education __________ (get ahead) at work.
A. sticking; to get B. being stuck; getting ahead
C. being stuck; getting ahead D. stuck; to get ahead
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人发现自己被困在没有晋升希望的工作中，所以他们觉得有必要接受更多的教育以在工作中取得领先。句中谓语是find，第一空用非谓语动词，themselves和stick之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此第一空用过去分词stuck表被动；第二空所在的句子表示“他们觉得有必要接受更多的教育以在工作中取得领先”，因此第二空用不定式表目的，即to get ahead。故选D。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Knowing Our Limitations
Humans can be poor judges of their own ability. So, you might not be as good, or as bad, as you think you are. Psychologists have found the less expertise (专业知识) you have in something, the more likely you are ____11____ (overestimate) your competence in it. And in a digital era where confident social media influencers give you “life skills”, and face-to-face conversation is more limited, this psychological phenomenon seems important to remember.
This concept is called the Dunning-Kruger effect, ____12____ (name) after the psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger. Back in the 90s, they found a correlation between a person's lack of skills and ability and a lack of awareness of lack of ability. They are ignorant to their own limitations. This plays out in various areas of life, such as in medical diagnosis. For example, Dunning told BBC Radio 4 that, one third of the time, doctors disagree with patients ____13____ self-diagnose using internet sources rather than seeing a medical professional. ____14____ it’s judging jokes, logical reasoning, or grammar, the pattern is the same: the ____15____ (skillful) you are, the more over-confident you are.
On the opposite side is intellectual modesty. This means ____16____ (have) a humble or low view of your importance or abilities. Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso, Professor of Psychology at Pepperdine University, found ____17____ a higher willingness to acknowledge cognitive limitations, and the ability to embrace diverse perspectives, is connected____18____ a more accurate perception of intelligence.
How can we use this knowledge to help us in everyday life Tenelle Porter, a psychologist at Rowan University, told the BBC that knowing this "opens us up to being intellectually humble, to admitting everything that we don't yet know". And current studies suggest that____19____ with higher intellectual modesty are more open to negotiating, compromising and exploring information.
So, ____20____ (embrace) the unknown and remember, there’s always more to learn.
【答案】11. to overestimate
12. named 13. who##that
14. Whether
15. less skillful
16. having 17. that
18. with##to
19. those 20. embrace
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了了解我们的局限性的重要性。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学家发现，你在某方面的专业知识越少，你就越有可能高估自己的能力。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，overestimate“高估”用不定式。故填to overestimate。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个概念被称为邓宁-克鲁格效应，以心理学家大卫·邓宁和贾斯汀·克鲁格的名字命名。本句谓语为is called，此处为非谓语动词，且主语concept与name“命名”为被动关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填named。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：例如，邓宁在接受BBC广播4频道采访时表示，三分之一的情况下，医生不同意患者使用互联网资源而不是去看专业医生进行自我诊断。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是patients，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
【14题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是判断笑话、逻辑推理还是语法，模式都是一样的：你的技巧越差，你就越自信。分析句子结构可知，本空引导让步状语从句，空出缺少“无论”含义，用whether引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。
【15题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：无论是判断笑话、逻辑推理还是语法，模式都是一样的：你的技巧越差，你就越自信。根据前文“Back in the 90s, they found a correlation between a person's lack of skills and ability and a lack of awareness of lack of ability. (早在上世纪90年代，他们就发现了一个人缺乏技能和能力与缺乏能力意识之间的相关性)”可知，本空用比较级less skillful“不那么熟练”。故填less skillful。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着对自己的重要性或能力有一种谦卑或低的看法。本句谓语为means ，此处为非谓语动词，mean doing sth.“意味着”，应用have的动名词，作means的宾语。故填having。
【17题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：Pepperdine University心理学教授Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso发现，更愿意承认认知局限性和接受不同观点的能力，与对智力的更准确感知有关。分析句子结构可知，本空引导found的宾语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
【18题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：Pepperdine University心理学教授Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso发现，更愿意承认认知局限性和接受不同观点的能力，与对智力的更准确感知有关。be connected with/to“与……有关”为固定短语。故填with或to。
【19题详解】
考查代词。句意：Pepperdine University心理学教授Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso发现，更愿意承认认知局限性和接受不同观点的能力，与对智力的更准确感知有关。本空用代词those，指代“那些人”。故填those。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：所以，拥抱未知并且记住，总有更多的东西需要学习。embrace“拥抱”。结合空后的and remember可知，本空与remember并列，用动词原形。故填embrace。
Section C (10分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. unjustified B. consequently C. invasion D. executive E. company F. exerted G. exploitative H. corresponding I. irritably J. flourish K. dismissed
Balancing Profit and Privacy in the Digital Age
Concerns about privacy are becoming increasingly widespread as companies prioritize profit over ethical considerations. The rise of technology has enabled businesses to engage in increasingly _____21_____ practices, often at the expense of user privacy.
Many _____22_____ teams are under pressure and therefore have started adopting tricky strategies to maximize profits. Personal data is collected and analyzed without authorization, and users may find themselves _____23_____ flooded with targeted advertisements based on their online behavior, which is annoying to say the least. Moreover, the rise of social media platforms has worsened privacy concerns. These platforms often require users to agree to lengthy and _____24_____ terms of service, granting the company broad access to their personal data. Despite user protests, these concerns are often _____25_____ by companies in favor of financial gain. As a result, users may feel powerless in the face of corporate interests. The negative impact of this practice can be far-reaching as it affects not only individuals’ privacy but also their freedom of choice.
There is growing awareness and pushback against these practices. Regulatory bodies and advocacy groups are _____26_____ calling for greater responsibility from companies regarding their data collection and usage policies. For instance, the European Union has implemented the General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR), which has _____27_____ considerable international influence on online platforms. It requires organizations to handle and store personal information responsibly and also gives individuals more control over their personal data. The _____28_____ regulations of this kind, as some critics believe, serves as a deterrent (震慑因素) for companies engaging in unethical data collection practices.
While technological advancements have brought numerous benefits, it is fundamental for businesses to prioritize ethical considerations and respect users’ privacy. Only by doing so can they build trust and maintain positive relationships with their customers in the long run. Failure to uphold these principles may endanger the _____29_____ of their business and lead to reputational damage. Businesses must ensure that their practices side with ethical standards and regulations to keep _____30_____ with the best practices in the industry and maintain consumer trust.
【答案】21. G 22. D
23. I 24. A
25. K 26. B
27. F 28. H
29. J 30. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着企业将利润置于道德考量之上，对隐私的担忧正变得越来越普遍。文章主要介绍了数字时代的利润与隐私平衡。
【21题详解】
考查形容词。句意：技术的崛起使企业能够从事越来越多的榨取行为，往往以牺牲用户隐私为代价。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“榨取的”，故用形容词exploitative，作定语，修饰后面的名词practices。故选G。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：许多管理团队承受着压力，因此开始采取难对付的策略来实现利润最大化。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“经营管理的”，故用形容词executive，作定语，修饰后面的名词teams。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查副词。句意：个人数据在未经授权的情况下被收集和分析，用户可能会发现自己被烦躁地基于其在线行为的定向广告淹没，这至少可以说是令人恼火的。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“烦躁地”，故用形容词executive，作定语，修饰后面的名词teams。此处使用形容词irritably“烦躁地”，作状语，修饰flooded。故选I。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些平台通常要求用户同意冗长且不合理的服务条款，从而允许公司广泛访问用户的个人数据。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“不正当的，不公正的”，故用形容词unjustified ，作定语，修饰后面的名词terms。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：尽管用户提出抗议，但这些担忧往往被公司为了经济利益而忽视。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“不予考虑”，故用动词dismiss ，与主语concerns为被动关系，用过去分词，与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选K。
【26题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，监管机构和倡导团体呼吁公司在数据收集和使用政策方面承担更大的责任。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“因此”，故用副词consequently ，作状语，修饰are calling for。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：例如，欧盟实施了《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR），对网络平台产生了相当大的国际影响。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“施加，行使”，故用动词exert，用过去分词，与空前的has勾陈现在完成时。故选F。
【28题详解】
考查形容词。句意：正如一些批评人士所认为的那样，这类相应的法规对从事不道德数据收集行为的公司起到了威慑作用。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“相应的”，故用形容词corresponding，作定语，修饰后面的名词regulations。故选H。
【29题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果不能坚持这些原则，可能会危及企业的繁荣发展，并导致声誉受损。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“繁荣”，故用名词flourish，作may endanger的宾语。故选J。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：企业必须确保他们的做法符合道德标准和法规，以保持行业中的最佳做法，并保持消费者的信任。keep company with“与……交朋友，与……为伍”，故用名词company ，作keep的宾语。故选E。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (39)
Section A (15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
I imagine a young man, a senior in high school. His academic performance is good enough. However, just as his parents are about to send the ___31___ check to a college where he has been accepted, the young man admits that he doesn’t want to go to college. He wants to work, to earn a living, to be out on his own.
Children have to build their own lives. But parents don’t want them to commit errors that will make it harder to build those lives. How should children and their parents think about this ___32___
College is often discussed as a(n) ___33___ in the future: You pay up front so you can benefit abundantly for the rest of your life. The financial benefits of a college education over the past decades indeed look great. However, past performance won’t necessarily ensure future returns. To make the plots more ___34___, from 1989 to 2016, college tuition went up by 98 percent. This has led to a lot of student-loan debt.
It may be worth the cost for some kids who want to go into a field that requires a college degree, but others don’t know what they want to do after college, so for them college is like buying an expensive ___35___ for future employment. Still, it’s worth noting that in 2019, just 66 percent of college graduates were in jobs requiring a college degree. What’s more, as of 2010, only 27 percent were in jobs related to their college major.
Perhaps you don’t primarily use ___36___ analysis to make decision about your life or your child’s. But everyone wants to be happy, and wants their child to be happy as well. So let’s look at the ___37___ effects of college.
Some scholars have found that, when controlling for other factors in life such as income and religious faith, education by itself has no independent explanatory ___38___ over happiness. Some actually believe that education is negatively linked to happiness, and hypothesize that some college attendees exchange life satisfaction for their academic ___39___. And there’s all that student debt to consider. According to a Gallup study, student debt is negatively correlated with financial and physical health and sense of purpose, and is ___40___ low well-being on these dimensions for as long as 25 years after graduation.
___41___, the only thing we can say with assurance is, “It depends.” On what On the unique ___42___ of each person. A child’s gifts, circumstances, and career ambitions all affect whether college is the right choice. Most of all, it depends on what they want to do. As a longtime academic, I can assure you that the No. 1 ___43___ of a failure to thrive in college is not wanting to be there in the first place.
That may be obvious to would-be students, but to many of their parents it isn’t. The college decision is often as much about the parents as it is about their kids. It’s easy to ___44___ our own desires onto our kids -- to try to see our own potential come alive through them.
But it’s a mistake. No one is a start-up enterprise, and there is not just one path to success. The college-for-all fever that has overtaken much of our culture ___45___ gifts that our kids have to develop and share. In fact, building their life with integrity and grit is what all parents could ever ask.
31. A. security B. deposit C. information D. routine
32. A. dilemma B. landscape C. consequence D. disappointment
33. A. shelter B. investment C. prospect D. victory
34. A. evident B. compelling C. complicated D. realistic
35. A. insurance B. scam C. maintenance D. lesson
36. A. trial-error B. question-answer C. cost-benefit D. pros-cons
37. A. health B. society C. happiness D. education
38. A. concern B. power C. favor D. advantage
39. A. prejudice B. panic C. ambition D. unemployment
40. A. applied to B. blamed on C. informed of D. associated with
41. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Furthermore
42. A. fates B. decisions C. attributes D. inputs
43. A. qualification B. coverage C. witness D. predictor
44. A. project B. owe C. adjust D. prefer
45. A. highlights B. justifies C. ignores D. visualizes
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是大学生是否要去上大学。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，就在他父母准备把押金支票寄给他所录取的一所大学时，这个年轻人承认他不想上大学。A. security安全；B. deposit存款；C. information信息；D. routine常规。此处表示的是父母准备交学费的时候，结果年轻人不想上大学了。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子和他们的父母应该如何看待这种困境 A. dilemma困境；B. landscape风景；C. consequence结果；D. disappointment失望。根据前文“He wants to work, to earn a living, to be out on his own. ”可知，父母本做好让孩子上大学的准备，结果孩子不愿意去上大学，所以此处指的是困境。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：上大学常被认为是对未来的一种投资。A. shelter避难所；B. investment投资；C. prospect前景；D. victory胜利。根据后文“You pay up front so you can benefit abundantly for the rest of your life.”可知，把教育视为一种对未来的投资故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：情节更复杂的是，从1989年到2016年，大学学费上涨了98%。这导致了大量的学生贷款债务。A. evident有证据的，明显的；B. compelling强制的；C. complicated复杂的；D. realistic实际的。根据前文“plot”可知，此处表示情况更复杂的是。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一些想进入一个需要大学学位的领域的孩子来说，这可能是值得的，但另一些人不知道他们毕业后想做什么，所以对他们来说，大学就像为未来的就业买了一份昂贵的保险。A. insurance保险；B. scam骗局；C. maintenance维持；D. lesson课程，教训 。根据后文“for future employment.”可知，对于很多毕业后想做什么的人来说大学就像为未来的就业买了一份昂贵的保险。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许你在为你或你孩子的生活做决定时并不主要使用成本效益分析。A. trial-error试错法；B. question-answer问答法；C. cost-benefit成本效益；D. pros-cons利和弊。根据前文“College is often discussed as a(n) ___3___ in the future”可知，家长们在为孩子们作决定的时候不会考虑成本，并没有把上大学看成是投资或者是保险考虑收益。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我们看看大学对幸福感的影响。A. health健康；B. society社会；C. happiness幸福；D. education教育。根据前文“wants their child to be happy as well”可知，父母想让孩子们幸福。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些学者发现，当控制生活中的其他因素如收入和宗教信仰时，教育本身并没有独立的解释幸福的力量。A. concern关心；B. power力量；C. favor喜爱；D. advantage优势。根据前文“by itself has no independent explanatory”可知，教育本身并没有独立的解释幸福的力量。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人实际上认为教育与幸福负相关，并假设一些大学生用生活满意度来换取学业抱负。A. prejudice偏见；B. panic恐慌；C. ambition野心；D. unemployment失业。根据前文“exchange life satisfaction”可知，一些大学生用生活满意度来换取学业抱负。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：根据盖洛普(Gallup)的一项研究，学生债务与财务、身体健康和目标感呈负相关，并且与毕业后长达25年的低幸福感相关。A. applied to应用；B. blamed on负责；C. informed of通知；D. associated with联系。根据前文“student debt is negatively correlated with financial and physical health and sense of purpose”可知，学生债务与财务、身体健康和目标感呈负相关，并且与毕业后长达25年的低幸福感相关。故选D。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们唯一能肯定地说的是:“这要看情况。”取决于什么方面？每个人的独特属性。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. furthermore此外，更新一步。此处表示因果关系。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. fates命运；B. decisions决定；C. attributes属性；D. inputs投入。根据后文“each person”可知，此处上大学的意义取决于个人的属性和状况。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查迷名词词义辨析。句意：我可以向你保证，一个人在大学里无法茁壮成长的首要因素，就是一开始就不想上大学。A. qualification资格；B. coverage覆盖，涵盖；C. witness目击者，见证；D. predictor预示。根据“of a failure”可知，此处表示失败的预示，表明孩子已经不想上大学了。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易把自己的愿望投射到孩子身上——试着通过他们看到自己的潜力。A. project预算，投射；B. owe欠；C. adjust调整；D. prefer偏爱。根据后文“our own desires onto our kids”可知，家长容易把自己的愿望投射到孩子身上。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：席卷我们文化的全民大学热忽视了孩子们必须培养和分享的天赋。A. highlights突显；B. justifies裁决；C. ignores忽视；D. visualizes可视化。根据前文“overtaken much of our culture ”可知，全民大学热忽视了孩子们必须培养和分享的天赋。故选C。
Section B (16分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
A
I used to think my little comer of urban England was somewhere I could get away from the stress and strain of modern-day life — until they moved in next door. There are two of them. They are white, woolly and probably have sharp teeth as well as loud bark. But every time their constant barking interrupts my sleep, I remind myself that, in many respects, I am lucky. The neighbors don’t hold all-night parties, nor do they shout or throw crockery at each other, and though their dogs may bark, they don’t bite.
According to a recent consumer magazine report on “nightmare neighbors”, dogs are the fifth most common source of bad relations between neighbors. Noise of any description heads the list of complaints, followed by DIY enthusiasts, parking quarrelling, and arguments over house extensions.
So what alternatives are there One is to take legal action. But this can be time-consuming and expensive and does nothing to improve already difficult relationships. The other alternatives are to sell up and go, or to try to reach a solution with the help of someone neutral. Mediation UK — the United Nations equivalent of garden fence conflicts — was set in 1984 to help resolve community disagreements.
In most cases, the lack of communication is found the main cause of conflict. David Nation of Plymouth Mediation points to poor public housing and widespread unemployment as additional factors. He also reports more cases of complaints from people who live in flats. Large houses built in the nineteenth century and designed as single-occupation family homes have, he says, been changed into flats with little or no attention to sound insulation. Dividing walls are paper thin and hardly block out sound at all.
Buyers can also be put off by the external appearance of neighboring houses. Anything from wild, uncared for gardens to unusual external color schemes can put off buyers — even though the offending property is next door. But it could be worse. John Gladden, of Norbury in Surrey upset his neighbors in St Oswald’s Road by mounting a huge fish in fiberglass (玻璃纤维) and putting it on the roof of his house. The local council argued that he should have got planning permission; residents thought the fish did nothing to improve the appearance of the neighborhood, and war broke out. Sightseers poured in and homes near the suburban property can now be hard to sell.
46. Why doesn’t the writer like her next-door neighbor’s dogs
A. They wake her up. B. They occasionally bark.
C. They are aggressive. D. They remind her of sheep.
47. According to the recent consumer magazine report, people argue with their neighbors mostly about __________.
A. dogs B. noise C. parking D. DIY
48. What does “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A. the color scheme B. the garden C. the situation D. the house
49. The purpose of this passage is to __________.
A. inform people what to do if they have problems with their neighbors
B. describe the writer’s own problems with her neighbors.
C. illustrate the types and causes of problems between neighbors
D. explain the activities of the organization Mediation UK
【答案】46. A 47. B 48. C 49. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过自己的事例说明邻居之间问题的类型和原因。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“They are white, woolly and probably have sharp teeth as well as loud bark. But every time their constant barking interrupts my sleep, I remind myself that, in many respects, I am lucky. (它们是白色的，毛茸茸的，可能有锋利的牙齿和响亮的吠叫。但每次它们不停的吠叫打断我的睡眠时，我都会提醒自己，在很多方面，我是幸运的。)”可知，因为隔壁邻居的狗总是把她吵醒所以这位作家不喜欢。故选A项。
47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Noise of any description heads the list of complaints, followed by DIY enthusiasts, parking quarrelling, and arguments over house extensions. (各种各样的噪音都排在投诉名单的首位，其次是DIY爱好者、停车争吵和房屋扩建争论。)”可知，根据《消费者》杂志最近的报道，人们与邻居争论的主要是噪音。故选B项。
【48题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段，根据划线词句前文“Buyers can also be put off by the external appearance of neighboring houses. (买家也可能因为邻近房屋的外观而望而却步。)”和后文“John Gladden, of Norbury in Surrey upset his neighbors in St Oswald’s Road by mounting a huge fish in fiberglass (玻璃纤维) and putting it on the roof of his house. (萨里郡诺伯里的John Gladden在圣奥斯瓦尔德路上用玻璃纤维装了一条大鱼，并把它放在了自己的屋顶上，这让邻居们很不高兴。)”以及“Sightseers poured in and homes near the suburban property can now be hard to sell. (观光客蜂拥而至，郊区房产附近的房子现在很难卖出去。)”可知，买家可能因为邻近房屋的外观而不买房，而更糟糕的情况是，买家也可能因为邻居家的动物而不买房。从而推知划线词句“But it could be worse. (但it可能更糟。)”，其中it指的是“情况，形势”。A. the color scheme配色方案；B. the garden花园；C. the situation情况；D. the house房子。故选C项。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段“According to a recent consumer magazine report on ‘nightmare neighbors’, dogs are the fifth most common source of bad relations between neighbors. Noise of any description heads the list of complaints, followed by DIY enthusiasts, parking quarrelling, and arguments over house extensions. (根据最近一份消费者杂志关于‘噩梦邻居’的报告，狗是邻居之间关系不好的第五大常见原因。各种各样的噪音都排在投诉名单的首位，其次是DIY爱好者、停车争吵和房屋扩建争论。)”可知，本文的目的是说明邻居之间问题的类型和原因。故选C项。
B
We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations. As digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri become popular, we are becoming accustomed to talking to them as though they were alive; writing in these pages last year, Judith Shulevitz described how some of us are starting to treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she confesses things to Google Assistant that she wouldn’t tell her husband. If we grow more comfortable talking to our devices about our secrets, what happens to our human marriages and friendships Designers and programmers typically create devices whose responses make us feel better—but may not help us be self-reflective or think over painful truths. As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects.
Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us. These vehicles promise to substantially reduce the exhaustion and distraction that put human drivers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what other effects might they have on people Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation. I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.
Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is inevitable), they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact. For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, invariant speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with traffic laws actually improves human performance.
Either way, we should be careful to launch new forms of AI without first taking such social spillovers—or externalities, as they’re often called—into account. We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.
50. What can be inferred about human relationships from the first paragraph
A. We will feel comfortable speaking to others online.
B. AI will lead to shallow inter-personal relationships.
C. AI will enable people to communicate more with others.
D. We will be more self-reflective in interaction thanks to AI.
51. In paragraph 2, the phrase “its decline” refers to the decline in ________.
A. drivers’ interaction with the cars
B. drivers’ exhaustion and distraction
C. our ability to cooperate with others while driving
D. our ability to deal with emergencies while driving
52. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of driverless cars
A. They may be better at making more judgments than human drivers.
B. They need to vary their speed to make contact with human drivers.
C. They may make human drivers in other cars drive more safely.
D. They need to force human drivers to concentrate in the car.
53. Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with
A. Brake lights on the back of our car are installed mainly to warn us of danger.
B. We should figure out how new technology affects people before developing it.
C It is hard to say why social spillovers will work in terms of self-driving cars.
D. More effort should be made to advance the hardware and software of driverless cars.
【答案】50. B 51. C 52. C 53. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过日常生活中Alexa和Siri的例子，提出自己的论点——人工智能会组织人们之间更深层次的交流。接着开始提出自己对于无人驾驶汽车的看法和担忧，并提出需要进一步提升无人驾驶汽车的软件和硬件，让它们更好、更安全地服务于人们。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects. (随着人工智能深入我们的生活，我们必须面对这样一种可能性，即它将阻止我们的情感和深层次的人际联系。)”可知，作者认为人工智能会阻止我们和身边的人进行更深层次的联系。也就是说，人工智能会导致人与人之间的联系变得越来越肤浅、浅显。故选B项。
【51题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.(我担心，无人驾驶汽车夺走了我们锻炼这种能力的机会，可能会导致这种它的衰落。)”可知，“its decline”指的是前文“this ability”的衰弱和下降。再根据前文“But what other effects might they have on people Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation.(但它们还会对人类产生什么影响呢 开车是一种非常现代的社会互动，需要高度的合作。)”可知，“this ability”指的是“high levels of cooperation”，即开车时的合作能力。故选C项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, invariant speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with traffic laws actually improves human performance.( 例如，在一辆以稳定不变速度行驶的自动驾驶汽车旁边驾驶了一段时间的司机可能会不太注意驾驶，因此，一旦他们行驶到只有人类司机占据的高速公路路段，发生事故的可能性就会增加。经验表明，与完全遵守交通法规行驶的自动驾驶汽车并排行驶实际上会提高人的表现。)”可知，无人驾驶汽车能降低其他车辆中的司机出现交通事故的概率，也就是说它们能使人类驾驶员在其他车辆中更安全。故选C项。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.(我们必须付出使自动驾驶汽车成为可能的硬件和软件所付出的同样努力，来管理人工智能对车外人员的潜在影响。毕竟，我们在你的车后面安装刹车灯不仅仅是，甚至主要是为了你的利益，而是为了你后面的人。)”可知，作者认为对于自动驾驶汽车，我们应该努力提高它的硬件和软件，让它更加安全。故选D项。
Section C (8分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fil in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Health in space
Astronaut Frank Rubiales has returned to Earth after 371 days in space. _____54_____ Unlucky for him, but very lucky for scientists who want to see what effects spending an extended time in space has on the human body.
Being in space can affect physical wellbeing. _____55_____ Astronauts are recommended 150 minutes of exercise per day to counteract this. Also, space traveller’s eyes can be affected by the way that fluids act in zero-gravity. Outside the protection of the Earth’s atmosphere, astronauts are exposed to much higher levels and different forms of solar radiation. This can potentially cause long-term health problems, such as cancer.
It’s not just physical health that is affected by being in space. Our mental health can be damaged if we don’t get enough sleep. On earth, our bodies respond through circadian rhythms(昼夜节奏) to the Sun rising and setting to help us sleep, but astronauts on board the International Space Station see 16 sunsets and sunrises every day. This means that avoiding sleep deprivation is a challenge. Isolation, and spending all your time with a small group of people can also affect mental health. Along with isolation, is the pressure that comes from being constantly monitored by experts back on Earth. With possible future missions to Mars predicted to last three years, tensions within the crew could become heightened. _____56_____
Developing new techniques and technology to support astronauts’ health will enable more ambitious future missions. _____57_____The Canadian Space Agency is using its expertise to improve health care for people living in remote regions. The technology that supports robots used in space is now being used in surgery in normal hospitals, while pressure suits are being used to treat post-pregnancy complications.
A. Astronaut Harry Hartfield reports an example of this where a colleague threatened to open the airlock and drain the oxygen from the spacecraft.
B. The sacrifices of astronauts contributed to a giant leap in space exploration.
C. It can also help those of us who are staying on Earth.
D. Weightlessness caused by a lack of gravity can lead to a loss of bone and muscle mass.
E. The missions do great harm to both physical and mental health of astronauts.
F. It was only supposed to be 180, but a technical fault stopped him from returning as planned.
【答案】54. F 55. D 56. A 57. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了宇航员在太空会遇到的一些健康问题以及解决方案。
【54题详解】
根据上文“Astronaut Frank Rubiales has returned to Earth after 371 days in space.(宇航员弗兰克·鲁比亚莱斯在太空生活371天后返回地球)”以及后文“Unlucky for him, but very lucky for scientists who want to see what effects spending an extended time in space has on the human body.(这对他来说是不幸的，但对那些想要了解长时间在太空中对人体有什么影响的科学家来说是幸运的)”可知，后文提到了生活371天是不幸的，可知本句是在说明原先应该停留的时间。故F选项“本来应该是180天，但是一个技术故障阻止了他按计划返回”符合语境，故选F。
【55题详解】
根据上文“Being in space can affect physical wellbeing.(身处太空会影响身体健康)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明身处太空会影响身体健康的表现。故D选项“缺乏重力造成的失重会导致骨骼和肌肉的流失”符合语境，故选D。
【56题详解】
根据上文“Isolation, and spending all your time with a small group of people can also affect mental health. Along with isolation, is the pressure that comes from being constantly monitored by experts back on Earth. With possible future missions to Mars predicted to last three years, tensions within the crew could become heightened.(孤立，把所有的时间都花在一小群人身上也会影响心理健康。除了与世隔绝之外，还有来自地球上专家不断监控的压力。由于未来可能的火星任务预计将持续三年，机组人员内部的紧张局势可能会加剧)”可知，上文提到了宇航员要面对机组人员内部的紧张局势，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，对此进行举例说明。故A选项“宇航员哈里·哈特菲尔德报道了一个这样的例子，一名同事威胁要打开气闸，把飞船里的氧气吸干”符合语境，故选A。
【57题详解】
根据上文“Developing new techniques and technology to support astronauts’ health will enable more ambitious future missions.(开发支持宇航员健康的新技术将使未来的任务更加雄心勃勃)”以及后文“The Canadian Space Agency is using its expertise to improve health care for people living in remote regions. The technology that supports robots used in space is now being used in surgery in normal hospitals, while pressure suits are being used to treat post-pregnancy complications.(加拿大航天局正在利用其专门知识改善边远地区人民的保健服务。支持太空机器人的技术现在被用于普通医院的外科手术，而压力服被用于治疗妊娠后并发症)”可知，本句主要引出后文，说明开发支持宇航员健康的新技术是如何帮助在地球上的人。故C选项“它也可以帮助我们这些留在地球上的人”符合语境，故选C。
IV. Summary Writing (10)
58. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Sounds of Relaxation
In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental fatigue seem commonplace, we're constantly looking for new ways to unwind. Some people take a hot bath, watch a film, go for a run, or listen to slower tempo music to help them relax. But what about the chirrups (小鸟唧唧叫) and whistles of birdsong or other nature sounds Could they also help people to let go of the tensions of modern life
According to a study by King's College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. Taking a trip to a place rich in birdlife like parks, forests and canals and encountering birds chirping and warbling to each other in the trees could even help to treat some mental health conditions. And it's not just birds that could have a therapeutic effect on our moods. Another study commissioned by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation apps. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle trickle of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than an app. Other sounds which may help to chill people out are waves lapping on the shore, gentle breezes, and light rainfall.
However, not all of us live in rural surroundings, and depending on where we live, a trip to the countryside to see birds may not be an option. But could the nature sounds that originate there still help you According to research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect on people's mood, while other studies saw people listening to soundscapes (声景) of the coast and forests with similar outcomes to their wellbeing.
So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature, be it during a stroll through a wood or via some headphones. And maybe listening to the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles of some birds could help you to relax after a long, hard day.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】People are seeking innovative ways to tackle tensions in modern life. Studies indicate that birdsongs and other nature sounds such as waves lapping or light rainfall have a healing effect on one’s moods. Meanwhile, recordings of nature sounds will deliver the same effect. Therefore, in order to unwind, expose yourself to natural surroundings in person or via headphones. (58 words)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说鸟鸣可以提升人的幸福感。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental fatigue seem commonplace, we're constantly looking for new ways to unwind.
②According to a study by King's College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people.
③According to research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect on people's mood,
④So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature, be it during a stroll through a wood or via some headphones.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
People are seeking innovative ways in order to tackle tensions in modern life.
Researches indicate that birdsongs and other nature sounds such as waves lapping or light rainfall have a healing effect on one’s moods.
Meanwhile, recordings of nature sounds will deliver the same influence.
In conclusion, in order to unwind, expose yourself to natural surroundings in person or via headphones.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Studies indicate that birdsongs and other nature sounds such as waves lapping or light rainfall have a healing effect on one’s moods.（that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Therefore, in order to unwind, expose yourself to natural surroundings in person or via headphones.（动词不定式表示目的）
V. Vocabulary Review (5)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. confronted B. prospective C. manipulating D. ceased E. suspecting F. relentlessly G. evidently H. inhabitants I. revenge J. collaborative K. assemblies
High School Life in the UK and US
High school life in the United Kingdom and the United States exhibits both similarities and differences. One key difference that is _____59_____ noticeable is the structure of the educational systems in these two countries.
In the UK, high school is commonly referred to as “secondary school” for students aged 11-18, while in the US, high school typically consists of a four-year period. British students typically study a broad range of subjects in preparation for their _____60_____ exams such as GCSEs and A-levels. Likewise, standardized tests like the SAT or ACT are often required for American college admissions. These exams play a crucial role in determining university admissions, and students are usually_____61_____ by academic challenges.
Apart from academic challenges, the pandemic has significantly disrupted high school experiences in both countries. At that time, schools _____62_____ to be traditional learning environments, with many students transitioning to online classes and virtual learning platforms. As a result, the usual in-person gatherings such as school_____63_____ have been replaced by virtual ones conducted through video conferencing software.
Despite these differences and challenges, both the UK and the US emphasize the importance of _____64_____ learning experiences. Group projects and sports teams provide opportunities for students to work together towards common goals. However, students in both countries start _____65_____ that they are being unfairly graded and treated. For example, the New York State Education Department has been accused of _____66_____ scores to artificially boost graduation rates. Additionally, peer pressure and social dynamics have led to bullying(欺凌) and even acts of _____67_____ from those bullied.
By understanding and learning from each other’s educational practices, we can continue to improve the overall educational experience for students in both countries as well as other _____68_____ of the communities served by these educational systems.
【答案】59. G 60. B
61. A 62. D
63. K 64. J
65. E 66. C
67. I 68. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国和美国的高中生活的不同和相似之处。
【59题详解】
考查副词。句意：一个显而易见的关键区别是这两个国家的教育体系结构。根据“noticeable is the structure of the educational systems in these two countries”以及句意“显而易见”可知应填副词evidently，修饰形容词noticeable。故选G。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：英国学生通常学习广泛的科目，以准备他们未来的考试，如GCSE和A-level。根据“exams such as GCSEs and A-levels”以及句意“未来的”可知应填形容词prospective，修饰名词exams。故选B。
【61题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些考试在决定大学录取方面起着至关重要的作用，学生们通常面临着学术上的挑战。根据“by academic challenges”以及句意“面临”可知应填动词confront，与主语构成被动关系，根据上文are可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。
【62题详解】
考查动词。句意：那时，学校不再是传统的学习环境，许多学生转向在线课程和虚拟学习平台。根据“to be traditional learning environments, with many students transitioning to online classes and virtual learning platforms”以及句意“不再是”可知应填动词cease，根据上文At that time可知为一般过去时。故选D。
【63题详解】
考查名词。句意：因此，通常的面对面的聚会，如学校集会，已经被通过视频会议软件进行的虚拟会议所取代。根据“the usual in-person gatherings such as school”以及句意“集会”可知应填复数名词assemblies，作宾语。故选K。
【64题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管存在这些差异和挑战，英国和美国都强调合作学习经验的重要性。根据“Group projects and sports teams provide opportunities for students to work together towards common goals.(小组项目和运动队为学生们提供了共同努力实现共同目标的机会)”以及句意“合作”可知应填形容词collaborative，修饰名词experiences。故选J。
【65题详解】
考查动词。句意：然而，这两个国家的学生开始怀疑他们受到了不公平的评分和对待。根据“they are being unfairly graded and treated”以及句意“怀疑”可知应填动词suspect，且上文为短语start doing sth.。故选E。
【66题详解】
考查动词。句意：例如，纽约州教育部被指控操纵分数，人为地提高毕业率。根据“scores to artificially boost graduation rates”以及句意“操纵”可知应填动名词manipulating，作宾语。故选C。
【67题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，同辈压力和社会动态导致了欺凌行为，甚至被欺凌者的报复行为。根据“peer pressure and social dynamics have led to bullying and even acts of”以及句意“报复”可知应填名词revenge，作宾语。故选I。
【68题详解】
考查名词。句意：通过了解和学习彼此的教育实践，我们可以继续改善两国学生以及这些教育系统所服务的社区的其他居民的整体教育体验。根据“of the communities served by these educational systems”以及句意“居民”可知应填名词inhabitant，other后跟复数形式。故选H。
VI. Translation (16)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
69. 为了减少碳排放，组织者呼吁大家绿色出行。(call on) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】In order to cut carbon emission, the organizer has called on everyone to take/use public transport.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“为了”短语为in order to do sth.，不定式作目的状语；表示“减少碳排放”短语为cut carbon emission；主语“组织者”应用the organizer；表示“呼吁”短语为call on sb. to do sth.，后跟everyone作宾语；表示“绿色出行”短语为take/use public transport。为现在完成时。故翻译为In order to cut carbon emission, the organizer has called on everyone to take/use public transport.
70. 经历地震后，这里的人们都觉得有必要在家准备一套求生工具。(consider) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】After experiencing the earthquake, the residents here consider it necessary to prepare a survival kit at home.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、名词、形式宾语。表示“在……后”用介词after，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“经历”用experience，用动名词，作After的宾语。表示“地震”用earthquake，此处为特指，earthquake前加the，the earthquake作experiencing的宾语。表示“居民”用resident，结合句意可知，居民不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作主语。表示“这里”用here。表示“觉得做某事有必要”用consider it necessary to do sth.，其中it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语，结合语境可知，本句陈述事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为the residents，故谓语用动词原形。表示“准备”用prepare，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。表示“一套求生工具”用a survival kit，作prepare的宾语。表示“在家”用at home，故翻译为After experiencing the earthquake, the residents here consider it necessary to prepare a survival kit at home.
71. 我们队本以为一定能卫冕冠军，不料却目睹对手在最后一分钟扭转乾坤。(only to) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】Our team had thought we were sure to defend the championship, only to see our opponent reverse the situation in the last minute.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和不定式。“我们队”译为“our team”，“本以为”用had thought，时态是过去完成时，用来表示原来的想法没有实现，“一定能卫冕冠军”是从句，我们以为的宾语，所以用省略that的宾语从句，主语we，“一定”用短语be sure to，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，“卫冕冠军”译为“defend the championship”，接在不定式后用动词原形，不料后面的内容为结果状语，用only to表示“预料之外的结果”，目睹用动词see，“对手”译为“our opponent”，“扭转乾坤”译为“reverse the situation”，作see的宾语补足语，表示目睹的过程，用省略to的不定式，“在最后一分钟”译为“in the last minute”。故翻译为Our team had thought we were sure to defend the championship, only to see our opponent reverse the situation in the last minute.
72. 子女应该多关心用不惯智能手机的老人，这样他们就不会因为跟不上时代而感到不知所措。(uncomfortable) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】Daughters and sons should show more concern for the elderly who are uncomfortable about/with smart phones so that they won’t feel at a loss because they can’t keep pace with the times.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、情态动词、定语从句、动词时态和状语从句。主语是“子女”daughters and sons，“关心”是show concern for，“应该”是情态动词should，“老人”是 the elderly，作先行词，who引导定语从句，描述现在的情况用一般现在时，“用不惯”用be uncomfortable about或with表示，宾语是smart phones，“这样”用 so that引导目的状语从句，“感到不知所措”用feel at a loss表示，“跟上时代”是动词短语keep up with，“时代”是times，because引导原因状语从句，结合其他中文提示，故翻译为Daughters and sons should show more concern for the elderly who are uncomfortable about/with smart phones so that they won’t feel at a loss because they can’t keep pace with the times.
VII. Guided Writing (25)
73. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
93. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你的好友Penny过于依赖电子词典来完成英语作业。你觉得这不利于他的学习。写封邮件说服Penny不要过多借助电子词典来应付英语作业，在邮件中，你必须：
1）对Penny的行为表示担忧；
2）给出你的具体建议并说明理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Dear Penny,
Recently I noticed that you rely too much on the electronic dictionary when you finish your English homework, which makes me a little worried.
To help you make better use of the electronic dictionary and improve your English learning, I suggest you take the following measures. Firstly, try to guess the meaning of new words from the context, or use the language rules such as roots and affixes. This will not only exercise your English thinking, but also deepen your vocabulary memory. Before you finish your English homework, take the time to review and preview your vocabulary and grammar. This will help you use English more confidently and reduce the number of times you have to consult an electronic dictionary.
I believe that as long as you can use the electronic dictionary properly and follow the above suggestions, your English study will get better results.
Look forward to your future study to make greater progress!
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友Penny写封邮件，说服Penny不要过多借助电子词典来应付英语作业。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近：recently→lately
担心的：worried→concerned
首先：firstly→first and foremost
适当地：properly→appropriately
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Firstly, try to guess the meaning of new words from the context, or use the language rules such as roots and affixes. This will not only exercise your English thinking, but also deepen your vocabulary memory.
拓展句：Firstly, try to guess the meaning of new words from the context, or use the language rules such as roots and affixes, which will not only exercise your English thinking, but also deepen your vocabulary memory.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Recently I noticed that you rely too much on the electronic dictionary when you finish your English homework, which makes me a little worried. (运用了that引导的宾语从句，when引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] I believe that as long as you can use the electronic dictionary properly and follow the above suggestions, your English study will get better results.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和as long as引导条件状语从句)2024年复兴高级中学高二下期中考试
英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension (20)
Section A (10)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She is tired of teaching. B. She no longer works here.
C. She has just resigned. D. She is too busy.
2. A. Have a blood test. B. Drink less wine.
C. Consume more alcohol. D. Watch his weight.
3: A. She doesn’t need any dessert. B. She wants to eat more to feel full.
C. She prefers something else for dessert. D. She doesn’t think the ice cream is good.
4. A. $8. B. $10. C. $18. D. $80.
5. A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested.
6. A. He’ll move into his new apartment in a couple of months.
B. He’d like the woman to find him a new apartment.
C. The apartment might be too expensive for him.
D. The apartment is far from his expectation.
7. A. He paid a high price for his new cellphone. B. He has just earned a big sum of money.
C. He is pleased with his new purchase. D. He loves doing shopping.
8. A. She couldn’t find her watch. B. She feels bad about being late.
C She forgot what time the library closed. D. She had never agreed to meet the man.
9. A. The man is too tired to go out.
B. The woman insists on going out.
C. The man promised the woman a gift on her birthday.
D. The woman preters to stay at home at their wedding anniversary.
10. A. She wouldn’t consider going on the field trip.
B. She thinks the class is too difficult for the man.
C. She has been on the trip herself and has enjoyed it.
D. She thinks there’s a good reason to take the field trip.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. They thinned their coffee crops.
B. They planted too much coffee crops.
C. They occupied Venezuela’s mountains.
D. They drove away red siskins from the forest.
12. A. They can get funds from the government.
B. They can sell the coffee beans at a higher price.
C. They can prevent coffee plants from disappearing.
D. They can attract more consumers with the quality beans.
13. A. Organic coffee beans developed to increase the production.
B. Coffee farmers who are devoted to bird protection.
C. A project intended to save an endangered bird.
D. A private zoo serving as a breeding center.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The different types of commercial jingle.
B. The early years of the commercial jingle.
C. The importance of the commercial jingle.
D. The reason why the commercial jingle emerges.
15. A. In the early1920s. B. In 1926. C. In the early 1930s. D. In 1936.
16. A. Televisions began to take the place of radios gradually.
B The public was more likely to be impacted by words sung with music.
C. The market in the United States started to care about consumers’ taste.
D. The direct promotion of products was not allowed in peak listening hours.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It stops growing in size while you are approaching 40.
B. It keeps developing until you are in the late 40s.
C. It stops developing while you are 18.
D. It keeps growing in size all your life.
18. A. They interact with each other less often than thought.
B. The left side is more responsible face recognition.
C. The right side deals mainly with math and logic.
D. They need to work together to function.
19. A. Fried chickens. B. Hamburgers. C. Sugary drinks. D. Flain water.
20. A. It gets the brain to become stronger.
B. It helps the production of new brain cells.
C. It enables the brain to consume less oxygen.
D. It allows the brain to remain active all day long.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (25)
Section A (5分)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The majority of dictionaries are labeled desk dictionaries, __________ (range) from about 50,000 entries to 200,000 entries.
A. range B. ranged C. to range D. ranging
2. He went out of the room and left the door half __________ (shut).
A. shut B. shutting C. shutted D. to shut
3. __________ (involve) in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while drawing our attention away from our worries and troubles.
A. Involving B. Involved C. Being involved D. To involve
4. Unless metals are polished frequently, they rust when __________ (expose) to air.
A. being exposed B. exposed C. exposing D. to be exposed
5. Friendship between Chinese may become lifelong attachments, with mutual obligations __________ (extend) into each other’s families.
A. extending B. extended C. to be extended D. being extended
6. I am so thankful and proud __________ (give) the opportunity to lead this kind of lifestyle, which someday will be passed on to my grandchildren .
A. to give B. to be given C. giving D. being given
7. I was about to leave the classroom when some students came to me and asked several questions __________ (cover) translation.
A. to cover B. to be covered C. covering D. covered
8. The rich life the businessman had long been used to __________ (change) greatly soon after the big failure of his business.
A. changed B. changing C. to change D. was changed
9. It is no use regretting __________ (not work) hard last term. What you should do is to make up your mind __________ (accomplish) your task.
A. not to work; accomplishing B. not working; accomplishing
C. not to work; to accomplish D. not working; to accomplish
10. Many people find themselves __________ (stick) in jobs without a hope of advancement, so they feel a need to get more education __________ (get ahead) at work.
A. sticking; to get B. being stuck; getting ahead
C. being stuck; getting ahead D. stuck; to get ahead
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Knowing Our Limitations
Humans can be poor judges of their own ability. So, you might not be as good, or as bad, as you think you are. Psychologists have found the less expertise (专业知识) you have in something, the more likely you are ____11____ (overestimate) your competence in it. And in a digital era where confident social media influencers give you “life skills”, and face-to-face conversation is more limited, this psychological phenomenon seems important to remember.
This concept is called the Dunning-Kruger effect, ____12____ (name) after the psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger. Back in the 90s, they found a correlation between a person's lack of skills and ability and a lack of awareness of lack of ability. They are ignorant to their own limitations. This plays out in various areas of life, such as in medical diagnosis. For example, Dunning told BBC Radio 4 that, one third of the time, doctors disagree with patients ____13____ self-diagnose using internet sources rather than seeing a medical professional. ____14____ it’s judging jokes, logical reasoning, or grammar, the pattern is the same: the ____15____ (skillful) you are, the more over-confident you are.
On the opposite side is intellectual modesty. This means ____16____ (have) a humble or low view of your importance or abilities. Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso, Professor of Psychology at Pepperdine University, found ____17____ a higher willingness to acknowledge cognitive limitations, and the ability to embrace diverse perspectives, is connected____18____ a more accurate perception of intelligence.
How can we use this knowledge to help us in everyday life Tenelle Porter, a psychologist at Rowan University, told the BBC that knowing this "opens us up to being intellectually humble, to admitting everything that we don't yet know". And current studies suggest that____19____ with higher intellectual modesty are more open to negotiating, compromising and exploring information.
So, ____20____ (embrace) the unknown and remember, there’s always more to learn.
Section C (10分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. unjustified B. consequently C. invasion D. executive E. company F. exerted G. exploitative H. corresponding I. irritably J. flourish K. dismissed
Balancing Profit and Privacy in the Digital Age
Concerns about privacy are becoming increasingly widespread as companies prioritize profit over ethical considerations. The rise of technology has enabled businesses to engage in increasingly _____21_____ practices, often at the expense of user privacy.
Many _____22_____ teams are under pressure and therefore have started adopting tricky strategies to maximize profits. Personal data is collected and analyzed without authorization, and users may find themselves _____23_____ flooded with targeted advertisements based on their online behavior, which is annoying to say the least. Moreover, the rise of social media platforms has worsened privacy concerns. These platforms often require users to agree to lengthy and _____24_____ terms of service, granting the company broad access to their personal data. Despite user protests, these concerns are often _____25_____ by companies in favor of financial gain. As a result, users may feel powerless in the face of corporate interests. The negative impact of this practice can be far-reaching as it affects not only individuals’ privacy but also their freedom of choice.
There is growing awareness and pushback against these practices. Regulatory bodies and advocacy groups are _____26_____ calling for greater responsibility from companies regarding their data collection and usage policies. For instance, the European Union has implemented the General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR), which has _____27_____ considerable international influence on online platforms. It requires organizations to handle and store personal information responsibly and also gives individuals more control over their personal data. The _____28_____ regulations of this kind, as some critics believe, serves as a deterrent (震慑因素) for companies engaging in unethical data collection practices.
While technological advancements have brought numerous benefits, it is fundamental for businesses to prioritize ethical considerations and respect users’ privacy. Only by doing so can they build trust and maintain positive relationships with their customers in the long run. Failure to uphold these principles may endanger the _____29_____ of their business and lead to reputational damage. Businesses must ensure that their practices side with ethical standards and regulations to keep _____30_____ with the best practices in the industry and maintain consumer trust.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (39)
Section A (15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
I imagine a young man, a senior in high school. His academic performance is good enough. However, just as his parents are about to send the ___31___ check to a college where he has been accepted, the young man admits that he doesn’t want to go to college. He wants to work, to earn a living, to be out on his own.
Children have to build their own lives. But parents don’t want them to commit errors that will make it harder to build those lives. How should children and their parents think about this ___32___
College is often discussed as a(n) ___33___ in the future: You pay up front so you can benefit abundantly for the rest of your life. The financial benefits of a college education over the past decades indeed look great. However, past performance won’t necessarily ensure future returns. To make the plots more ___34___, from 1989 to 2016, college tuition went up by 98 percent. This has led to a lot of student-loan debt.
It may be worth the cost for some kids who want to go into a field that requires a college degree, but others don’t know what they want to do after college, so for them college is like buying an expensive ___35___ for future employment. Still, it’s worth noting that in 2019, just 66 percent of college graduates were in jobs requiring a college degree. What’s more, as of 2010, only 27 percent were in jobs related to their college major.
Perhaps you don’t primarily use ___36___ analysis to make decision about your life or your child’s. But everyone wants to be happy, and wants their child to be happy as well. So let’s look at the ___37___ effects of college.
Some scholars have found that, when controlling for other factors in life such as income and religious faith, education by itself has no independent explanatory ___38___ over happiness. Some actually believe that education is negatively linked to happiness, and hypothesize that some college attendees exchange life satisfaction for their academic ___39___. And there’s all that student debt to consider. According to a Gallup study, student debt is negatively correlated with financial and physical health and sense of purpose, and is ___40___ low well-being on these dimensions for as long as 25 years after graduation.
___41___, the only thing we can say with assurance is, “It depends.” On what On the unique ___42___ of each person. A child’s gifts, circumstances, and career ambitions all affect whether college is the right choice. Most of all, it depends on what they want to do. As a longtime academic, I can assure you that the No. 1 ___43___ of a failure to thrive in college is not wanting to be there in the first place.
That may be obvious to would-be students, but to many of their parents it isn’t. The college decision is often as much about the parents as it is about their kids. It’s easy to ___44___ our own desires onto our kids -- to try to see our own potential come alive through them.
But it’s a mistake. No one is a start-up enterprise, and there is not just one path to success. The college-for-all fever that has overtaken much of our culture ___45___ gifts that our kids have to develop and share. In fact, building their life with integrity and grit is what all parents could ever ask.
31. A. security B. deposit C. information D. routine
32. A. dilemma B. landscape C. consequence D. disappointment
33. A. shelter B. investment C. prospect D. victory
34. A. evident B. compelling C. complicated D. realistic
35. A. insurance B. scam C. maintenance D. lesson
36. A. trial-error B. question-answer C. cost-benefit D. pros-cons
37. A. health B. society C. happiness D. education
38. A. concern B. power C. favor D. advantage
39. A. prejudice B. panic C. ambition D. unemployment
40. A. applied to B. blamed on C. informed of D. associated with
41. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Furthermore
42. A. fates B. decisions C. attributes D. inputs
43. A. qualification B. coverage C. witness D. predictor
44. A. project B. owe C. adjust D. prefer
45. A. highlights B. justifies C. ignores D. visualizes
Section B (16分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
A
I used to think my little comer of urban England was somewhere I could get away from the stress and strain of modern-day life — until they moved in next door. There are two of them. They are white, woolly and probably have sharp teeth as well as loud bark. But every time their constant barking interrupts my sleep, I remind myself that, in many respects, I am lucky. The neighbors don’t hold all-night parties, nor do they shout or throw crockery at each other, and though their dogs may bark, they don’t bite.
According to a recent consumer magazine report on “nightmare neighbors”, dogs are the fifth most common source of bad relations between neighbors. Noise of any description heads the list of complaints, followed by DIY enthusiasts, parking quarrelling, and arguments over house extensions.
So what alternatives are there One is to take legal action. But this can be time-consuming and expensive and does nothing to improve already difficult relationships. The other alternatives are to sell up and go, or to try to reach a solution with the help of someone neutral. Mediation UK — the United Nations equivalent of garden fence conflicts — was set in 1984 to help resolve community disagreements.
In most cases, the lack of communication is found the main cause of conflict. David Nation of Plymouth Mediation points to poor public housing and widespread unemployment as additional factors. He also reports more cases of complaints from people who live in flats. Large houses built in the nineteenth century and designed as single-occupation family homes have, he says, been changed into flats with little or no attention to sound insulation. Dividing walls are paper thin and hardly block out sound at all.
Buyers can also be put off by the external appearance of neighboring houses. Anything from wild, uncared for gardens to unusual external color schemes can put off buyers — even though the offending property is next door. But it could be worse. John Gladden, of Norbury in Surrey upset his neighbors in St Oswald’s Road by mounting a huge fish in fiberglass (玻璃纤维) and putting it on the roof of his house. The local council argued that he should have got planning permission; residents thought the fish did nothing to improve the appearance of the neighborhood, and war broke out. Sightseers poured in and homes near the suburban property can now be hard to sell.
46. Why doesn’t the writer like her next-door neighbor’s dogs
A. They wake her up. B. They occasionally bark.
C. They are aggressive. D. They remind her of sheep.
47. According to the recent consumer magazine report people argue with their neighbors mostly about __________.
A. dogs B. noise C. parking D. DIY
48. What does “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A. the color scheme B. the garden C. the situation D. the house
49. The purpose of this passage is to __________.
A. inform people what to do if they have problems with their neighbors
B. describe the writer’s own problems with her neighbors.
C. illustrate the types and causes of problems between neighbors
D. explain the activities of the organization Mediation UK
B
We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations. As digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri become popular, we are becoming accustomed to talking to them as though they were alive; writing in these pages last year, Judith Shulevitz described how some of us are starting to treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she confesses things to Google Assistant that she wouldn’t tell her husband. If we grow more comfortable talking to our devices about our secrets, what happens to our human marriages and friendships Designers and programmers typically create devices whose responses make us feel better—but may not help us be self-reflective or think over painful truths. As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects.
Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us. These vehicles promise to substantially reduce the exhaustion and distraction that put human drivers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what other effects might they have on people Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation. I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.
Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is inevitable), they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact. For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, invariant speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with traffic laws actually improves human performance.
Either way, we should be careful to launch new forms of AI without first taking such social spillovers—or externalities, as they’re often called—into account. We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.
50. What can be inferred about human relationships from the first paragraph
A. We will feel comfortable speaking to others online.
B. AI will lead to shallow inter-personal relationships.
C. AI will enable people to communicate more with others.
D. We will be more self-reflective in interaction thanks to AI.
51. In paragraph 2 the phrase “its decline” refers to the decline in ________.
A. drivers’ interaction with the cars
B. drivers’ exhaustion and distraction
C. our ability to cooperate with others while driving
D. our ability to deal with emergencies while driving
52. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of driverless cars
A. They may be better at making more judgments than human drivers.
B. They need to vary their speed to make contact with human drivers.
C. They may make human drivers in other cars drive more safely.
D. They need to force human drivers to concentrate in the car.
53. Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with
A. Brake lights on the back of our car are installed mainly to warn us of danger.
B. We should figure out how new technology affects people before developing it.
C. It is hard to say why social spillovers will work in terms of self-driving cars.
D. More effort should be made to advance the hardware and software of driverless cars.
Section C (8分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fil in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Health in space
Astronaut Frank Rubiales has returned to Earth after 371 days in space. _____54_____ Unlucky for him, but very lucky for scientists who want to see what effects spending an extended time in space has on the human body.
Being in space can affect physical wellbeing. _____55_____ Astronauts are recommended 150 minutes of exercise per day to counteract this. Also, space traveller’s eyes can be affected by the way that fluids act in zero-gravity. Outside the protection of the Earth’s atmosphere, astronauts are exposed to much higher levels and different forms of solar radiation. This can potentially cause long-term health problems, such as cancer.
It’s not just physical health that is affected by being in space. Our mental health can be damaged if we don’t get enough sleep. On earth, our bodies respond through circadian rhythms(昼夜节奏) to the Sun rising and setting to help us sleep, but astronauts on board the International Space Station see 16 sunsets and sunrises every day. This means that avoiding sleep deprivation is a challenge. Isolation, and spending all your time with a small group of people can also affect mental health. Along with isolation, is the pressure that comes from being constantly monitored by experts back on Earth. With possible future missions to Mars predicted to last three years, tensions within the crew could become heightened. _____56_____
Developing new techniques and technology to support astronauts’ health will enable more ambitious future missions. _____57_____The Canadian Space Agency is using its expertise to improve health care for people living in remote regions. The technology that supports robots used in space is now being used in surgery in normal hospitals, while pressure suits are being used to treat post-pregnancy complications.
A. Astronaut Harry Hartfield reports an example of this where a colleague threatened to open the airlock and drain the oxygen from the spacecraft.
B. The sacrifices of astronauts contributed to a giant leap in space exploration.
C. It can also help those of us who are staying on Earth.
D. Weightlessness caused by a lack of gravity can lead to a loss of bone and muscle mass.
E. The missions do great harm to both physical and mental health of astronauts.
F. It was only supposed to be 180, but a technical fault stopped him from returning as planned.
IV. Summary Writing (10)
58. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Sounds of Relaxation
In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental fatigue seem commonplace, we're constantly looking for new ways to unwind. Some people take a hot bath, watch a film, go for a run, or listen to slower tempo music to help them relax. But what about the chirrups (小鸟唧唧叫) and whistles of birdsong or other nature sounds Could they also help people to let go of the tensions of modern life
According to a study by King's College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. Taking a trip to a place rich in birdlife like parks, forests and canals and encountering birds chirping and warbling to each other in the trees could even help to treat some mental health conditions. And it's not just birds that could have a therapeutic effect on our moods. Another study commissioned by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation apps. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle trickle of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than an app. Other sounds which may help to chill people out are waves lapping on the shore, gentle breezes, and light rainfall.
However, not all of us live in rural surroundings, and depending on where we live, a trip to the countryside to see birds may not be an option. But could the nature sounds that originate there still help you According to research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect on people's mood, while other studies saw people listening to soundscapes (声景) of the coast and forests with similar outcomes to their wellbeing.
So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature, be it during a stroll through a wood or via some headphones. And maybe listening to the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles of some birds could help you to relax after a long, hard day.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Vocabulary Review (5)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. confronted B. prospective C. manipulating D. ceased E. suspecting F. relentlessly G. evidently H. inhabitants I. revenge J. collaborative K. assemblies
High School Life in the UK and US
High school life in the United Kingdom and the United States exhibits both similarities and differences. One key difference that is _____59_____ noticeable is the structure of the educational systems in these two countries.
In the UK, high school is commonly referred to as “secondary school” for students aged 11-18, while in the US, high school typically consists of a four-year period. British students typically study a broad range of subjects in preparation for their _____60_____ exams such as GCSEs and A-levels. Likewise, standardized tests like the SAT or ACT are often required for American college admissions. These exams play a crucial role in determining university admissions, and students are usually_____61_____ by academic challenges.
Apart from academic challenges the pandemic has significantly disrupted high school experiences in both countries. At that time, schools _____62_____ to be traditional learning environments, with many students transitioning to online classes and virtual learning platforms. As a result, the usual in-person gatherings such as school_____63_____ have been replaced by virtual ones conducted through video conferencing software.
Despite these differences and challenges, both the UK and the US emphasize the importance of _____64_____ learning experiences. Group projects and sports teams provide opportunities for students to work together towards common goals. However, students in both countries start _____65_____ that they are being unfairly graded and treated. For example, the New York State Education Department has been accused of _____66_____ scores to artificially boost graduation rates. Additionally, peer pressure and social dynamics have led to bullying(欺凌) and even acts of _____67_____ from those bullied.
By understanding and learning from each other’s educational practices, we can continue to improve the overall educational experience for students in both countries as well as other _____68_____ of the communities served by these educational systems.
VI. Translation (16)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
69. 为了减少碳排放，组织者呼吁大家绿色出行。(call on) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
70. 经历地震后，这里的人们都觉得有必要在家准备一套求生工具。(consider) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
71. 我们队本以为一定能卫冕冠军，不料却目睹对手在最后一分钟扭转乾坤。(only to) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
72. 子女应该多关心用不惯智能手机的老人，这样他们就不会因为跟不上时代而感到不知所措。(uncomfortable) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
VII. Guided Writing (25)
73. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
93. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你的好友Penny过于依赖电子词典来完成英语作业。你觉得这不利于他的学习。写封邮件说服Penny不要过多借助电子词典来应付英语作业，在邮件中，你必须：
1）对Penny的行为表示担忧；
2）给出你的具体建议并说明理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
