2023学年第二学期期中考试
高二英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Pie B. Ice cream C. Chocolate cake. D. Cheese cake.
2. A. The museum opens at 8 every day. B. She can't see the sign clearly.
C. The glass museum closes too early. D. She can't understand the sign.
3. A. Delighted. B. Doubtful C. Relieved D. Respectful
4. A. She works as a librarian. B. She does a lot of reading at home.
C. She spends much time reading in the library. D. She wants to borrow some books from the library.
5. A. He isn't sure if the weather will be good. B. He probably won't go skiing.
C The weather won't be as bad as forecast. D. The weather forecast isn't reliable.
6. A. His brother ate up the food. B. His brother helped him clean the fridge.
C. His brother lost his appetite. D His brother went out to dine with him.
7. A. Keep some small change B. Buy another T-shirt.
C. Invite someone else to the concert. D. Dress himself properly.
8. A. See a doctor B. Repair his car C. Go to school D. Give the woman a ride
9. A. She has no interest in the man's words. B. She doesn't understand the man.
C. She doesn't want to follow the man. D. She hates to study pictures by kids.
10. A. She missed the beginning of the program. B. She was awakened during the quiz.
C. She fell asleep before the program ended. D. She wished she had gone to sleep earlier.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following announcement.
11. A. A dangerous room. B. An explosive device.
C. A suspect handbag. D. A fire extinguisher.
12. A. Hand in valuable items to the police. B. Help elderly and disabled people.
C. Let children and women go first. D. Leave by the nearest exit.
13. A. At a theatre. B. At a police station.
C. At an airport D At a department store.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.
14. A. An ad-blocking device. B. A patented screen.
C. A telephone answering machine. D. A sound controller.
15. A. She spent twenty years on the new invention.
B. She designed the new invention for the deaf.
C. She invested four thousand pounds in the new invention.
D. She worked with her husband on the new invention.
16. A. It is similar to her previous invention. B. It can be used just to control the TV set.
C. It must be kept at a particular angle. D. It is too big to hold.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. How to organize thoughts for a speech. B. How to get an expected grade.
C. How to give a speaking assignment. D. How to prepare a speech.
18. A. Bearing listeners in mind. B. Developing ideas soundly.
C. Adding a sense of humor. D. Being informative.
19. A. The purpose of the speech. B. The speaker's influence.
C. The instructor's advice. D. The structure of the speech.
20. A. List interesting examples B. Read a model speech.
C. Put down all the related ideas D. Start to write the whole speech.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Most of us know to stay low to the floor if we are caught in a fire, or head to the basement if a tornado’s coming, or board up the window in a hurricane. But, the massive earthquake that hit Haiti this month was a reminder that we are far____1____ (expert) in what to do when the ground below us shakes. If we are in a house or building, for example, our first impulse might be to run outside-but, counter-intuitive (违反直觉的) ____2____ it might sound, experts warn against that since people are too often killed by falling debris as they try to escape.
Given how many of us travel in quake-prone regions today, even folks who don’t reside in California should know how to survive an earthquake. But there are two different and competing schools of thought on the matter, both of____3____ are considered valid but perhaps not always in the same situations.
The most conventional and widely ____4____ (accept) by the disaster-response community is the “drop, cover and hold on” approach, which urges people to take cover beneath something like a heavy table to avoid ____5____ (fall) objects. The second, newer method is known as “the triangle of life.” It recommends lying down in a fetal (胎儿的) position not under but next to furniture; as roofs and wall collapse atop those sofas and desks, buffer spaces are created that protect people from being crushed.
Over the past decade, an agreement ____6____ (reach) that “drop, cover and hold on” is a more appropriate method for developed countries like the U. S. , ____7____ improved construction has reduced the likelihood of structures collapsing greatly. The triangle of life is thought to be more appropriate in developing nations ____8____ Haiti, because there the poor building codes make finding a “survivable void” inside a collapsed building more important than ____9____ (protect) yourself from falling chandeliers. If you’re going to play the odds, drop- and-cover may be the best way to go, but a lot of emergency responders might say triangle-of-life because they_____10_____ have seen the fatalities in buildings that do collapse.
【答案】1. less expert
2. as##though
3. which 4. accepted
5. falling 6. has been reached
7. where 8. like
9. protecting
10. themselves##might
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震中两种求生的方法。
【1题详解】
考查比较级。句意：但是，这个月袭击海地的大地震提醒我们，当我们脚下的地面震动时，我们远不太擅长做什么。结合句意“远不太擅长”可知形容词expert应用比较级，在前面加less。故填less expert。
【2题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：例如，如果我们在一个房子或建筑物里，我们的第一个冲动可能是跑到外面去——但是，尽管这听起来可能违反直觉，专家警告不要这样做，因为人们经常在试图逃跑时被坠落的碎片砸死。引导让步状语从句，且从句表语前置，即进行了部分倒装，应用as或though，表示“尽管”。故填as/though。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但在这个问题上有两种不同、相互竞争的思想流派，它们都被认为是有效的，但可能并不总是在相同的情况下。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词two different and competing schools of thought，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最传统和被灾难反应团体广泛接受的是“下降，掩护和坚持”的方法，它敦促人们躲在像沉重的桌子这样的东西下面，以避免坠落的物体。分析句子结构可知accept与逻辑主语approach构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填accepted。
【5题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最传统和被灾难反应团体广泛接受的是“下降，掩护和坚持”的方法，它敦促人们躲在像沉重的桌子这样的东西下面，以避免坠落的物体。作定语，修饰名词objects，表示“下落的”应用形容词falling。故填falling。
【6题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：在过去的十年里，人们达成了一项共识，即“下降，掩护和坚持”是一种更适合像美国这样的发达国家的方法，在那里，改进的建筑大大降低了结构倒塌的可能性。主语agreement与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Over the past decade可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been reached。
7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在过去的十年里，人们达成了一项共识，即“下降，掩护和坚持”是一种更适合像美国这样的发达国家的方法，在那里，改进的建筑大大降低了结构倒塌的可能性。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the U. S.，在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【8题详解】
考查介词。句意：生命三角被认为更适合于海地这样的发展中国家，因为在那里，糟糕的建筑规范使得在倒塌的建筑物中找到一个“可生存的空间”比保护自己免受掉落的吊灯的伤害更重要。此处表示举例，意为“如”应用介词like。故填like。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：生命三角被认为更适合于海地这样的发展中国家，因为在那里，糟糕的建筑规范使得在倒塌的建筑物中找到一个“可生存的空间”比保护自己免受掉落的吊灯的伤害更重要。作介词than的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填protecting。
【10题详解】
考查代词或情态动词。句意：如果你想碰碰运气，就地掩护可能是最好的办法，但很多紧急救援人员可能会说“生命三角”，因为他们（自己）可能见过建筑物倒塌时的死亡人数。此处可用反身代词themselves作主语they的同位语，表示语气加强；或用情态动词might，表示“可能”，might have done“可能做过某事”。故填themselves/ might。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fil in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Nore that there is one more word than you need.
A. approached B. claims C. cover D. crises E. hardly F left G. occurrence H. reluctantly I. spill J. stricken K. warnings
THE WILSONS RIVER broke its banks on the night of February 27th while Lismore, a town of around 30, 000 in New South Wales, was sleeping. Its residents slept through early-hours emergency ___11___ that “risk to life was approaching”. Within bours the town was submerged. Residents scrambled into their attics. Mothers carried children onto rooftops. An army of locals launched tin boats into the floods to save them. Four people died.
Eastern Australia has been ___12___ by what politicians call “once-in-1, 000-year” flooding. It has already had a rainy summer because of La Nia, a phenomenon which triggers downpours there. Brisbane, Queensland's capital, received almost 80% of its annual rainfall in less than a week in February, flooding 15, 000 homes. As the rain ___13___ northern New South Wales, it ripped up roads and drowned herds of cattle. Storms hit Sydney on March 8th, causing a dam to ___14___ over. Some 50, 000 people in the state have been forced to evacuate.
Scientists are careful when blaming floods on global warming because everything from rainfall to urban development contributes to them. Whatever the cause, extreme weather is now a regular ___15___ in Australia. In 2019 and 2020 vast lands of the country were torched in bushfires which destroyed more than 3, 000 homes and killed 33 people.
When disaster strikes, official aid is often slow to come. In 2019 the federal government set aside almost A$4bn ($2. 9bn) fora fund that would help it respond to ___16___ and relieve future ones. But it has spent ___17___ any of that money. It has now deployed the army and is dishing out cash to victims, but locals get angry that they were ___18___ for days without power or fuel as supplies of food and water shrank.
A debate now continues about how or even whether places like Lismore should rebuild. Analysts think the floods might trigger insurance ___19___ worth more than A$3bn. Premiums (保险费) are already so high in disaster-prone towns that many locals can no longer afford ____20____ . “If we are going to start thinking every time there's a natural disaster that we have to give up and leave because it's too hard, then where are we going to live ” asks Lismore's mayor, Steve Krieg. That is becoming a question for ever more Australians.
【答案】11. K 12. J
13 A 14. I
15. G 16. D
17. E 18. F
19. B 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚东部遭遇千年一遇洪水，新南威尔士州利斯莫尔镇受灾严重，四人死亡。气候变化导致极端天气频发，官方救助反应迟缓，引发民众不满。洪水或致巨额保险索赔，高额保费使灾区居民难以承担，未来重建面临困境。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：它的居民睡到凌晨，紧急警告说“生命危险正在逼近”。根据空前的“early-hours emergency”以及空后的“that “risk to life was approaching””可知，凌晨的紧急警告说有生命危险正在接近，因为威尔逊河决堤。warning“警告”，为可数名词，符合语境。此处发出的并不止一个警告，所以用该单词的复数形式。故选K。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：澳大利亚东部遭受了政客们所谓的“千年一遇”的洪水侵袭。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词的过去分词和前面的has been构成现在完成时态的被动语态，在句中作谓语。strike为动词“袭击”，符合语境。此处表示澳大利亚东部被洪水袭击了。故选J。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：当雨水逼近新南威尔士州北部时，冲毁了道路，淹死了牛群。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词作时间状语从句的谓语。approach“接近”，符合语境。根据主句中的ripped可知，此处陈述的过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：3月8日，暴风雨袭击悉尼，导致一座水坝溢流。根据空前的动词不定式符号to可知，空处需要动词。spill“溢出”，符合语境，表示暴风雨让一座大坝的水溢出来了。故选I。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：无论是什么原因，极端天气现在在澳大利亚经常发生。根据空前的形容词可知，空处需要名词。根据下文“In 2019 and 2020 vast lands of the country were torched in bushfires”可知，极端天气在澳大利亚经常发生，2019年和2020年，该国大片土地在丛林大火中被烧毁。occurrence为名词“发生”，符合语境。故选G。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：2019年，联邦政府拨出了近40亿澳元（29亿美元）的基金，用于帮助其应对危机和缓解未来的危机。分析句子结构可知，空处需要名词作介词to的宾语。根据上文“In 2019 the federal government set aside almost A$4bn ($2.9bn) fora fund”可知，政府拨钱来应对这些环境危机。crisis“危机”，符合语境。根据下文中的ones可知，此处不止一个危机，所以该名词用复数形式crises。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：但它几乎没有花掉那笔钱的任何部分。根据转折连词but可知，虽然政府拨出了近40亿澳元，用于帮助其应对危机和缓解未来的危机，但是这笔钱几乎没有花掉。hardly为副词“几乎不”，符合语境，在句中作状语。故选E。
18题详解】
考查动词。句意：现在政府已经出动了军队并向灾民分发现金，但当地居民对此感到愤怒，因为他们连续多天断电断油，同时食物和水源供应也在减少。根据句意以及空前的were可知，空处需要动词leave的过去分词left，构成被动语态，用来描述当地居民的一种状态，即他们被留在(were left) 那种困境中——连续几天没有电力或燃油，同时食物和水源供应也在减少。故选F。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：分析人士认为，洪水可能会触发价值超过30亿澳元的保险索赔。根据下文“Premiums (保险费) are already so high in disaster-prone towns”可知，当自然灾害如洪水发生后，受到影响的个人或企业会根据他们之前购买的保险政策向保险公司提出索赔要求，insurance claims“保险索赔”。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：在那些容易遭受灾害的城镇中，保险费用已经非常高，以至于许多当地居民再也无法承担保险保障了。根据句中的“Premiums (保险费) are already so high in disaster-prone towns”可知，空处需要名词cover，该单词在此处是保险业的术语，指的是保险保障或者保险覆盖。故选C。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Does a reassuring touch on the back bring you comfort during a tough day A new study finds, when it comes to touching, people aren’t even ____21____ about who’s doing it. Researchers in Germany say the touch of a humanoid (人形的) robot makes people ____22____ and more likely to follow their requests.
Instead of being ____23____ on other humans, researchers are hoping that one day robots may be able to fulfill the roles of therapists, personal trainers, and even life coaches. Their study follows the widespread increase of touch ____24____ during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies have pointed out how physical distancing and isolation is creating a variety of negative effects that increase feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety.
In this research, 48 students engaged in a conversation with NAO – a programmable research robot. During the course, for some participants, the robot briefly and seemingly randomly ____25____ the back of the participant’s hand.
This differed from the design of other studies, which have relied on ____26____ touch. In response to the robot’s touch, most participants smiled and laughed, and none ____27____. Results show those who were touched were more likely to ____28____ the robot urging them to show interest in a particular academic course discussed during the conversation. Participants also reported a better ____29____ state after the robot’s tap on the hand. ____30____, students who were touched were more likely to give the robot a higher score for physical attractiveness (although these participants still only rated poor NAO a 2.5 out of 5 on average).
“A robot’s non-functional touch ____31____ to humans,” Laura Hoffmann from Ruhr University and her team write. “Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot.”
“It is remarkable that simple and brief tap on the back of participants’ hands showed such an effect. Involving more complex and ____32____ touching from a robot might increase engagement and compliance.”
As the researchers argue, this small study – one of the first to examine the ____33____ of robot-initiated touch – suggests that through the use of comforting touches, robot therapists could better ____34____ patients to engage in healthy activities such as exercise. However, they caution that much about human-robot ____35____ are complex, with there still more to be learned about the difference between human and robot touch.
21. A. curious B. crazy C. picky D. certain
22. A. happier B. freer C. more stressed D. more frightened
23. A. hard B. dependent C. impressed D. based
24. A. completion B. formation C. imagination D. starvation
25. A. watched B. patted C. cleaned D. blocked
26. A. human-initiated B. time-pressed C. technique-based D. goal-oriented
27. A. made out B. thought back C. pulled away D. set off
28. A. look over B. go along with C. take off D. stand up against
29. A. physical B. emotional C. financial D. social
30. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Still
31. A. matters B. sees C. relates D. gets
32. A. warmer B. longer C. more friendly D. more forceful
33. A. theory B. history C. trend D. potential
34. A. warn B. persuade C. force D. control
35. A. similarities B. conflicts C. constructions D. interactions
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。德国研究人员表示，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究发现，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。A. curious好奇的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. picky挑剔的；D. certain确定的。根据下文“Researchers in Germany say the touch of a humanoid (人形的) robot makes people ____2____ and more likely to follow their requests”可知，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国研究人员表示，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。A. happier更快乐的；B. freer更自由的；C. more stressed感到更大压力的；D. more frightened更害怕的。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员希望有一天机器人可以扮演治疗师、私人教练甚至生活教练的角色，而不是依赖于其他人。A. hard困难的；B. dependent依赖的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. based（以某事）为基础的，为根据的。根据下文“researchers are hoping that one day robots may be able to fulfill the roles of therapists, personal trainers, and even life coaches”可知，研究人员希望有一天机器人可以扮演治疗师、私人教练甚至生活教练的角色，而不是依赖于其他人。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的研究是在COVID-19大流行期间对触摸的渴望普遍增加之后进行的。A. completion完成；B. formation组成；C. imagination想象力；D. starvation饥饿。根据下文“Several studies have pointed out how physical distancing and isolation is creating a variety of negative effects that increase feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety”可知，在COVID-19大流行期间人们渴望触摸，空格处用starvation表示“渴望”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，对于一些参与者来说，机器人会短暂地、似乎是随机地拍他们的手背。A. watched观看；B. patted拍打；C. cleaned清洁；D. blocked堵塞。根据第9空后的“robot’s tap on the hand”可知，机器人会短暂地、似乎是随机地拍他们的手背。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这与其他研究设计不同，其他研究依赖于人类主动的触摸。A. human-initiated人类触发的；B. time-pressed时间紧迫的；C. technique-based基于技术的；D. goal-oriented面向目标的。根据下文“this small study – one of the first to examine the ____13____ of robot-initiated touch”可知，这个研究和其他研究不同，其他研究依赖于人类主动的触摸，空格处意为“人类触发的”。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于机器人的触摸，大多数参与者都笑了笑，没有人离开。A. made out辨认出；B. thought back回想；C. pulled away离开；D. set off出发。根据下文“Results show those who were touched were more likely to ____8____ the robot urging them to show interest in a particular academic course discussed during the conversation”可知，对于机器人的触摸，大多数参与者都笑了笑，没有人离开，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果显示，那些被触摸过的人更有可能同意机器人的要求，让他们对对话中讨论的特定学术课程表现出兴趣。A. look over检查；B. go along with赞同；C. take off起飞；D. stand up against反对。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，那些被触摸过的人更有可能同意机器人的要求。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与者还报告说，机器人轻拍他们的手后，他们的情绪状态有所改善。A. physical身体的；B. emotional情绪的；C. financial金融的；D. social社会的。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，机器人轻拍他们的手后，他们的情绪状态有所改善。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，被触摸过的学生更有可能给机器人的外表吸引力打更高的分（尽管这些参与者仍然只给可怜的NAO打了平均2.5分（满分5分））。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Furthermore此外；D. Still仍然。根据下文“students who were touched were more likely to give the robot a higher score for physical attractiveness”可知，空后内容是补充说明的，空格处是“此外”。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“机器人的非功能性触摸对人类很重要，”Ruhr大学的Laura Hoffmann和她的团队写道。A. matters重要；B. sees看见；C. relates联系；D. gets得到。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，机器人的非功能性触摸对人类很重要。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让机器人进行更复杂、更长时间的触摸，可能会提高用户的参与度和依从性。A. warmer更温暖的；B. longer更长的；C. more friendly更友好的；D. more forceful更有力的。根据上文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”和下文“might increase engagement and compliance”可知，让机器人进行更复杂、更长时间的触摸，可能会提高用户的参与度和依从性。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如研究人员所言，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一，它表明，通过使用舒适的触摸，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动，如锻炼。A. theory理论；B. history历史；C. trend趋势；D. potential潜能。根据下文“of robot-initiated touch”可知，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如研究人员所言，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一，它表明，通过使用舒适的触摸，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动，如锻炼。A. warn警告；B. persuade说服；C. force强迫；D. control控制。根据上文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们警告说，人与机器人之间的互动很复杂，关于人与机器人触摸之间的区别还有更多需要了解的地方。A. similarities相同点；B. conflicts矛盾；C. constructions建造，建筑；D. interactions互动。根据下文“human and robot touch”可知，此处表示“人与机器人之间的互动很复杂”。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Ellen Weiss can hardly see David Schmitt can barely hear. Are they typical victims of aging's cruelest blows Not really. Weiss is actually a fresh resident doctor in family practice, age 30, and Schmitt a medical student, 26. They have been assigned roles, ages and particular illnesses as an innovative part of their medical training.
Introduced in only a few medical centers so far, such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients. It is just one of several techniques being tried at medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors: lack of sympathy. “Residents are usually young and healthy.” says Dr. Stephen Brunton. “They've not really had a chance to understand what patients go through.”
Role-playing programs give them a crash course. At Hunterdon, students' faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up. Next the disabilities are laid on: gloves cripple fingers, and peas inside shoes prevent walking. Then the ersatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks: purchasing medication at the drugstore, undressing for x rays, fling out a Medicare form and, most awkward, using the bathroom themselves.
At Long Beach, new residents assume made-up illnesses and cheek into the hospital for an overnight stay, The staff treats them as they would any other patient, even sending them a bill. The entire entering class of medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Heath Sciences are issued bedpans and told to use them. Some are even subjected to an indignity: spending most part of the first day of school as people with disabilities.
Instant patients usually start out activated and joking. “But by the end of a few hours, most say, ‘I'm exhausted.’” observes nurse Linda Bryant at Hunterdon. Schmitt discovered that “a major accomplishment was doing up my collar.” And, to his surprise, “I wound up hating physicians who didn't realize how much medication would cost and how hard it was to go and pick it up.” Weiss also learnt: “I realized how little I talk to patients. I might ask them about chest pains but not ‘Can you get dressed, eat O. K, take your medicine ” Jeffroy Ortiz thought he was in for a quiet rest when he was sent to the intensive care unit, suffering from “chest pains.” Instead he spent a sleepless night: “People were coming in to do labs, the man in the next bed was groaning, and the heart monitor was bleeping, which was noisy and scary.”
Any patient could have told him so, but many educators believe the direct experience of such miseries will leave an enduring sense of sympathy. Doctors have long defended taking a cool, dispassionate approach to patient care, arguing that it helps preserve objective judgment and protect against burnout. But critics disagree. “By concentrating on symptoms and lab data, we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients' well - being.” observes Dr. Simon Auster at the Uniformed Services medical school.
36. According to the passage, the role-playing programme is designed ________.
A. as an innovative part in the local community
B. as part of the play the residents have to watch
C. to help doctors understand the pains endured by the patients
D. to expose students to school facilities in a vivid way
37. What does the phrase “the ersatz invalids” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Local patients who usually start out activated and joking.
B. Students who make up their faces to look aged.
C. Doctors who perform common tasks that may not occur in real hospitals.
D. Customers who purchase medications and undress for X rays with the help of students.
38. The instant patients may feel most embarrassed when they ________.
A. fill in a Medicare table B. are using the washroom on their own
C. are issued bedpans and told to try them D. meet with someone they know well
39. What can be concluded according to the passage
A. Residents should always take a cool approach without sympathy to patient care in their job.
B. Doctors ought to be completely independent from the symptoms and be previous lab data.
C. Doctors may ignore information influencing the patients' health only by focusing on symptoms.
D. Experience in role-playing programs won't help the new doctors preserve objective judgment.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一种让医生切身体验病人痛苦的角色扮演医学培训。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“Introduced in only a few medical centers so far, such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients.”（到目前为止，只有少数医疗中心引进了这种角色扮演，其目的是让医生感受患者所承受的痛苦。）可知，设计角色扮演项目是为了帮助医生了解病人所承受的痛苦。故选C 项。
2.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段关键句“At Hunterdon, students' faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up.Next the disabilities are laid on: gloves cripple fingers, and peas inside shoes prevent walking. ”（在亨特顿大学，学生们的脸会因为玉米粉和化妆品而瞬间变老。接下来是残疾人 :手套使手指残废，鞋里的豌豆阻止行走。）及 “are asked to perform common tasks”（被要求执行常见任务）可知，the ersatz invalids指代参与真实病人体验的学生们，如，把脸化妆成显老的学生。故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“Then the ersatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks: purchasing medication at the drugstore, undressing for x rays, fling out a Medicare form and, most awkward, using the bathroom themselves. ”（然后，这些假冒的病人被要求执行一些常见的任务:在药店买药、脱衣服照x光片、扔出一张医疗保险表格，最尴尬的是，他们自己上厕所。）可知，这些临时病人最尴尬的部分是他们自己上厕所的时候。故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“By concentrating on symptoms and lab data, we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients' well - being.”（我们把注意力集中在症状和实验室数据上，而忽视了大量可能影响患者健康的信息。）可知，医生可能只关注症状而忽视影响患者健康的信息。故选C项。
B
40. What should Linda do if she would like to swap a Harry Potter book with her classmate Jenny who lives in the same neighborhood
A. Leave the book on Jenny’s doorstep. B. Call the delivery service for help.
C. Go to the post office to mail the book. D. Leave a note for Jenny to pick the book up.
41. At the bookswap.co.uk website, visitors can ________.
A. share ideas on the titles they fancy reading B. check out the new books on sale
C. list the books they would like to swap D. advertise their favorite books
42. Which of the following statements about swapping is TRUE
A. Swapping is restricted to books and related items.
B. Swapping is organized and run on a voluntary basis.
C. Swapping is open to school-aged children only.
D. Swapping sets a great challenge for the participants.
【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个书籍交换项目，可以让人们交换自己的书籍，介绍了具体的操作过程。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Arrange to leave a book on a friend’s doorstep or post it through their letterbox if it fits. If you have lots of books that you are happy to swap, or even give away, these could be left in a clear plastic container, with a lid, outside your door or by your garden or driveway.(把一本书放在朋友的门阶上，或者如果合适的话通过他们的信箱寄出去。如果你有很多愿意交换或赠送的书，可以把它们放在一个带盖子的透明塑料容器里，放在门外、花园或车道上)”可知，如果琳达想和住在同一个街区的同学珍妮交换一本《哈利波特》，她应该把书放在珍妮的门阶上。故选A。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“With the help of an adult in your household, visit the site and see if there are any titles you fancy reading. You can also advertise the books you have that you would like to exchange.(在家里有个大人的帮助下，访问这个网站，看看是否有你想读的书。你也可以为你想交换的书做广告)”可知，在bookswap.co.uk网站上，访问者可以列出他们想交换的书。故选C。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The books can be given back after you and your friends have read them, if you don’t want to swap them forever. Arrange to leave a book on a friend’s doorstep or post it through their letterbox if it fits. If you have lots of books that you are happy to swap, or even give away, these could be left in a clear plastic container, with a lid, outside your door or by your garden or driveway.(如果你和你的朋友读过这些书之后，你可以把它们还给他们，如果你不想永远交换它们的话。把一本书放在朋友的门阶上，或者如果合适的话通过他们的信箱寄出去。如果你有很多愿意交换或赠送的书，可以把它们放在一个带盖子的透明塑料容器里，放在门外、花园或车道上)”以及HOW, WHAT, WHERE 部分内容，可知，B选项“交换是在自愿的基础上组织和运行的”正确。故选B。
C
Brenda Thomas’s heart became a shell when her 21-year-old son died in a motorcycle accident in September 2019, only one week into his senior year of college. But she has found something that helps her to deal with her grief.
She keeps “acts of kindness” cards in honor of her son. These folded pieces of paper are tucked in her purse at all times and always stored in the glove compartment of her car. Whenever she does a good deed for a stranger— which is about once a week— she passes along a card with a message written on it: “If you receive this card, then you must be a recipient of a random act of kindness.” At the top of each note is her son’s name, Trevor Paul Thomas.
Trevor was an athlete who played baseball at Allegany College of Maryland and Penn State Fayette. He was a loyal friend and a force for good, with a witty sense of humor and a big smile. According to his mother, one of Trevor’s best qualities was his compassion for others, no matter how well he knew them. He regularly shoveled(铲) snow off the driveways of older neighbors, delivered hot meals to those in need, and befriended classmates who struggled to fit in. It seemed a natural fit to launch a kindness campaign in his memory.
The Thomas family adopted the “acts of kindness” cards to mark what would have been Trevor’s 23 birthday. They hoped that these cards would encourage people to do a good deed as part of Trevor’s legacy. On each card, they included a mantra (箴言) that the family said best describes the way Trevor had lived his life: “Be somebody who makes everybody feel like somebody.”
Recently, while dining with her daughter Whitney in a restaurant, Brenda decided to pay for the meal of a mother and two children. The recipient of Brenda’s spontaneous (发自内心的) gift was Liana Arruda. She was taking her nine-year-old son and his five-year-old sister for dinner. She felt shocked and moved after the waitress handed her the card. She used it as an opportunity to teach her children about compassion and is now brainstorming ways to pass on the goodness. “I’m waiting to find the perfect opportunity,” she said. “I want it to matter, because it mattered to me.”
For the Thomas family, while there is still—and forever will be—a massive void(空虚感) in their lives without Trevor, committing to “living like him” has helped them turn their pain into purpose. “We’ll keep paying it forward in Trevor’s honor because it would make him so proud,” said Brenda.
43. Trevor Paul can be best described as________.
A. ambitious, witty and optimistic
B. sympathetic, humorous and warmhearted
C. faithful, passionate and competitive
D. compassionate, persistent and rigorous
44. According to the context, the sentence “Be somebody who makes everybody feel like somebody.”(P4) can be best illustrated by __________.
A. Do as Romans do.
B. Serve others to be popular.
C. Influence others with what you do.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
45. Which of the following statements is TURE
A. Trevor would have graduated from university within one year but for the accident.
B. Every time Brenda does a good deed for others, they’ll receive an anonymous card.
C. Liana was astonished and touched because her two children gave her the gift spontaneously.
D. Liana has found a perfect opportunity to pass on the goodness and teach her children about compassion.
46. What conclusion can we draw from the passage
A. Your pain can be turned into purpose to push you forward.
B. Compassion means standing in others shoes.
C. Void can be replaced with satisfaction by “living like him”.
D. Committing to “following his way” is a good way to honor somebody.
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了布伦达在儿子去世后，化悲痛为善意，帮助他人并分发“善意”卡，来纪念儿子，把儿子助人为乐的精神传下去，生动诠释了痛苦可以转化为推动你前进的毅力的道理。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“He was a loyal friend and a force for good, with a witty sense of humor and a big smile. According to his mother, one of Trevor’s best qualities was his compassion for others, no matter how well he knew them. He regularly shoveled(铲) snow off the driveways of older neighbors, delivered hot meals to those in need, and befriended classmates who struggled to fit in. It seemed a natural fit to launch a kindness campaign in his memory.( 他是一位忠实的朋友，是一股向善的力量，有着诙谐的幽默感和灿烂的笑容。据他的母亲说，特雷弗最好的品质之一就是同情别人，不管他有多了解他们。他经常铲掉老邻居车道上的雪，给有需要的人送热饭，并帮助那些努力适应环境的同学。发起一场纪念他的慈善活动似乎是顺理成章的事)”可知，Trevor Paul是有同情心的，幽默的，并且心地善良。故选B。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“The Thomas family adopted the “acts of kindness” cards to mark what would have been Trevor’s 23 birthday. They hoped that these cards would encourage people to do a good deed as part of Trevor’s legacy. On each card, they included a mantra (箴言) that the family said best describes the way Trevor had lived his life(托马斯一家采用了“善举”卡片来纪念特雷弗23岁的生日。他们希望这些卡片能鼓励人们做一件好事，作为特雷弗遗产的一部分。每张卡片上都写着一句箴言，家人说这句话最能描述特雷弗的生活方式:)”和上一段的“He regularly shoveled (铲) snow off the driveways of older neighbors, delivered hot meals to those in need, and befriended classmates who struggled to fit in. (他经常铲掉老邻居车道上的雪，给有需要的人送热饭，并帮助那些努力适应环境的同学)”可知，特雷弗是乐于助人的，这是他的生活方式，他的家人用善意卡片的方式纪念他，“Be somebody who makes everybody feel like somebody.(做一个让每个人都觉得自己很重要的人)”这句箴言阐述了他的生活方式，乐于助人，因此“用你的所作所为影响他人”能够最好的诠释这句话。故选C。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Brenda Thomas’s heart became a shell when her 21-year-old son died in a motorcycle accident in September 2019, only one week into his senior year of college. (2019年9月，布伦达·托马斯21岁的儿子在一场摩托车事故中丧生，当时他才上大学四年级一周，她的心都碎了)”可知，要不是那次事故，布伦达·托马斯的儿子，特雷弗不到一年就大学毕业了。故选A。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Brenda Thomas’s heart became a shell when her 21-year-old son died in a motorcycle accident in September 2019, only one week into his senior year of college. But she has found something that helps her to deal with her grief.( 2019年9月，布伦达·托马斯21岁的儿子在一场摩托车事故中丧生，当时他才上大学四年级一周，她的心都碎了。但她已经找到了一些帮助她处理悲伤的东西)”以及下文内容可知，本文讲述了布伦达在儿子去世后，化悲痛为善意，帮助他人并分发“善意”卡，来纪念儿子，把儿子助人为乐的精神传下去，因此我们可以得出结论：你的痛苦可以转化为推动你前进的毅力。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
How to show others you care
The idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. ___47___
“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell,” said Tara Cousineau, a clinical psychologist, “People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind.” ___48___ They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
___49___ Jennifer Oldham, who lost her 9-year-old daughter Hallie in July, recently created a Facebook group — Keeping Kindness for Hallie — that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor. “It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,” said Ms. Oldham.
If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts, or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do. It’s not about you being like, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’. It’s about: ___50___ And how can you turn that into an offering for other people
A. What skills and talents do you already have
B. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others.
C. Why are recipients less likely to appreciate a random act of kindness
D. But an act of kindness is unlikely to fail, and in some instances it can create even more kindness.
E. People who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it.
F. But researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
【答案】47. F 48. B 49. D 50. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述做善事可以帮助降低压力水平，以及如何做善事。
【47题详解】
上文“The idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.(善良可以提升幸福感的观点并不新鲜。研究表明，亲社会行为——基本上是自愿帮助他人——可以帮助人们降低日常压力水平，而简单的联系行为，比如给朋友发短信，比我们许多人意识到的更有意义。)”，而F选项“但研究善意和友谊的研究人员表示，他们希望这些新发现能够为更多地做出这类行为提供科学依据。”中的“the new findings”呼应上文，并且“these types of gestures”也对应上文的“texting a friend”等，符合题意，故选F。
【48题详解】
根据下文“They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.(他们可能会质疑自己的举动或礼物是否会被误解，或者是否会让收礼者感到有回报的压力。)”可知人们害怕自己的善意被误解，因此推断上文应该是和做善事也是有压力的相关内容，所以B选项“压力也可以阻止人们对别人友善。”符合语境，故选B。
【49题详解】
根据下文“Jennifer Oldham, who lost her 9-year-old daughter Hallie in July, recently created a Facebook group — Keeping Kindness for Hallie — that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor. “It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,” said Ms. Oldham. (珍妮弗·奥尔德姆在7月份失去了9岁的女儿哈莉，她最近在Facebook上创建了一个名为“为哈莉保持善良”的小组，鼓励参与者随意做一些善举。为了纪念哈莉，人们买了杂货，捐赠了学习用品。奥尔德姆女士说：“这对你自己的心脏有帮助，甚至可能比接受者更有帮助。”)”可知本段是关于做善事还是有好处的内容，D选项“但是，善意的行为不太可能失败，在某些情况下，它甚至可以创造更多的善意。”符合本段所举的事例，并且和上文构成转折关系，故选D。
【50题详解】
根据上文“It’s not about you being like, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’.( 这并不是说你会说，‘哦，天哪，现在我必须学会如何烤饼干才能变得漂亮。’)”以及下文“And how can you turn that into an offering for other people (你怎么能把它变成对其他人的奉献呢 )”可知设空处说的是你现在有什么样的技能，并且能用它为别人提供帮助，所以A选项“你已经具备哪些技能和才能 ”符合语境，承上启下，故选A。
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
51. “一人有难，众人帮”在中国很常见。 (common) (汉译英)
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【答案】It is common in China that if/when a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand.
If/When a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand, which is common in China.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。表示“……常见”可用句型It is common that…，或用which引导非限制性定语从句which is common，表示“在中国”应用in China；表示“一人有难，众人帮”可翻译为用if引导条件状语从句，或when引导的时间状语从句，翻译为if/when a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand。为一般现在时和一般将来时。故翻译为It is common in China that if/when a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand.
If/When a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand, which is common in China.
52. 来自中国的救援队仅一天时间就从倒塌的房屋中救出了上千灾民。 (It) (汉译英)
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【答案】It took the rescue team from China only one day to save thousands of victims from the collapsed houses.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据句意可知，本句话使用固定句型“It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”，意为“花费某人多少时间做某事”，It为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语。本句话描述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。“来自中国的救援队”可翻译为“the rescue team from China”，“仅一天时间”可以翻译为“only one day”；“从倒塌的房屋中救出了上千灾民”可以翻译为“save thousands of victims from the collapsed houses”，此处需要动词不定式作真正的主语。故翻译为It took the rescue team from China only one day to save thousands of victims from the collapsed houses.
53. 当一个有正义感的人在帮助他人时，要考虑的不仅是受助者的情况，还有他自己的能力。 (account) (汉译英)
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【答案】When a person with the sense of justice is helping others, what he needs to/should take into account is not only the receivers’ situation, but also his own abilities.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“当……时候”应用when，引导时间状语从句；表示“一个有正义感的人”为a person with the sense of justice；表示“帮助他人”应用help others，为现在进行时；主句为what引导主语从句，主语为he；表示“需要，应”可用need to do或should；表示“考虑”短语为take into account；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…；表示“受助者的情况”短语为the receivers’ situation；表示“他自己的能力”为his own abilities。主句为一般现在时。故翻译为When a person with the sense of justice is helping others, what he needs to/should take into account is not only the receivers’ situation, but also his own abilities.
54. 学校组织的一系列慈善活动的成功让孩子们了解到只需一个善举，无论多渺小，都能给他人带来不同。 (difference) (汉译英)
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【答案】The success of a series of charity activities organized by the school makes children understand/enables children to understand that a kind act, no matter how/ however small (it is) , can make a difference to others.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“学校组织的一系列慈善活动的成功”翻译为the success of a series of charity activities organized by the school，为过去分词短语作定语；表示“让某人做某事”可用make sb. do sth.或enable sb. to do sth.；children作宾语，表示“了解”应用动词 understand；后跟that引导宾语从句，表示“一个善举”为a kind act，表示“给他人带来不同”翻译为make a difference to others，且can后跟动词原形；表示“无论多渺小”应用no matter how或however small，引导让步状语从句，从句可省略主语it和be动词is。为一般现在时。故翻译为The success of a series of charity activities organized by the school makes children understand/enables children to understand that a kind act, no matter how/ however small (it is) , can make a difference to others.
V. Writing
55. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你的好友李宏今年暑假将赴英国参加为期两个月的海外交流活动。如果选择主办方安排的住宿，他需要额外支付较高的费用。但他也可以通过为当地社区养老院提供每月三十小时的义工服务，获得在养老院免费住宿的机会，李宏通过邮件向你征求意见。写一封回信，内容须包括：
1. 你对此事的明确态度；
2. 你的理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Lihong;
I'm glad to hear that you have access to participating in an overseas communication activity in Britain which will last two months. I suggest that you should choose working as a volunteer thirty hours every month for the local community nursing home to gain a chance to stay in it for free.
My reasons are as follows. Not only can you enhance your social experiences, but also you can reduce your costs. Contrary to the accommodation arranged by the host, you can save a lot of money. Undoubtedly, the cost must be high if you choose it. On one hand, only by working as a volunteer can you gain a free stay. It sounds great! Your arrival will add colors to the atmosphere there .On the other hand, during your spare time you will also spend time helping others to be a warm -hearted person. Your arrival will also reduce the burdens there. As an old saying goes, “we can gain both things at the same time”, so why not choose one
I hope that you will take my advice. It is a golden chance that you will gain in summer vacation.
Yours,
Wanglei
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友李宏写一封回信，就李宏在海外交流活动期间的住宿问题表明自己的态度，并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加： participate in→take part in
建议：suggest→advise
获得：acquire→gain
机会：chance→opportunity
2.句式拓展
简单句变强调句
原句：On the other hand, during your spare time you will also spend time helping others to be a warm -hearted person.
拓展句：On the other hand, it is during your spare time that you will also spend time helping others to be a warm -hearted person.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It is a golden chance that you will gain in summer vacation.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Not only can you enhance your social experiences, but also you can reduce your costs.（运用了部分倒装句）
1-5 DBBCB 6-10 ADABC 11-15 CBA 14-16 DDC 17-20 DAAC2023学年第二学期期中考试
高二英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Pie B. Ice cream C. Chocolate cake. D. Cheese cake.
2. A. The museum opens at 8 every day. B. She can't see the sign clearly.
C. The glass museum closes too early. D. She can't understand the sign.
3. A. Delighted. B. Doubtful C. Relieved D. Respectful
4. A. She works as a librarian. B. She does a lot of reading at home.
C. She spends much time reading in the library. D. She wants to borrow some books from the library.
5. A. He isn't sure if the weather will be good. B. He probably won't go skiing.
C The weather won't be as bad as forecast. D. The weather forecast isn't reliable.
6. A. His brother ate up the food. B. His brother helped him clean the fridge.
C. His brother lost his appetite. D His brother went out to dine with him.
7. A. Keep some small change B. Buy another T-shirt.
C. Invite someone else to the concert. D. Dress himself properly.
8. A. See a doctor B. Repair his car C. Go to school D. Give the woman a ride
9 A. She has no interest in the man's words. B. She doesn't understand the man.
C. She doesn't want to follow the man. D. She hates to study pictures by kids.
10. A. She missed the beginning of the program. B. She was awakened during the quiz.
C. She fell asleep before the program ended. D. She wished she had gone to sleep earlier.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following announcement.
11. A. A dangerous room. B. An explosive device.
C. A suspect handbag. D. A fire extinguisher.
12. A. Hand in valuable items to the police. B. Help elderly and disabled people.
C. Let children and women go first. D. Leave by the nearest exit.
13. A. At a theatre. B. At a police station.
C. At an airport D At a department store.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.
14. A. An ad-blocking device. B. A patented screen.
C. A telephone answering machine. D. A sound controller.
15. A. She spent twenty years on the new invention.
B. She designed the new invention for the deaf.
C. She invested four thousand pounds in the new invention.
D. She worked with her husband on the new invention.
16. A. It is similar to her previous invention. B. It can be used just to control the TV set.
C It must be kept at a particular angle. D. It is too big to hold.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. How to organize thoughts for a speech. B. How to get an expected grade.
C. How to give a speaking assignment. D. How to prepare a speech.
18. A. Bearing listeners in mind. B. Developing ideas soundly.
C. Adding a sense of humor. D. Being informative.
19. A. The purpose of the speech. B. The speaker's influence.
C. The instructor's advice. D. The structure of the speech.
20. A. List interesting examples B. Read a model speech.
C. Put down all the related ideas D. Start to write the whole speech.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Most of us know to stay low to the floor if we are caught in a fire, or head to the basement if a tornado’s coming, or board up the window in a hurricane. But, the massive earthquake that hit Haiti this month was a reminder that we are far____1____ (expert) in what to do when the ground below us shakes. If we are in a house or building, for example, our first impulse might be to run outside-but, counter-intuitive (违反直觉的) ____2____ it might sound, experts warn against that since people are too often killed by falling debris as they try to escape.
Given how many of us travel in quake-prone regions today, even folks who don’t reside in California should know how to survive an earthquake. But there are two different and competing schools of thought on the matter, both of____3____ are considered valid but perhaps not always in the same situations.
The most conventional and widely ____4____ (accept) by the disaster-response community is the “drop, cover and hold on” approach, which urges people to take cover beneath something like a heavy table to avoid ____5____ (fall) objects. The second, newer method is known as “the triangle of life.” It recommends lying down in a fetal (胎儿的) position not under but next to furniture; as roofs and wall collapse atop those sofas and desks, buffer spaces are created that protect people from being crushed.
Over the past decade, an agreement ____6____ (reach) that “drop, cover and hold on” is a more appropriate method for developed countries like the U. S. , ____7____ improved construction has reduced the likelihood of structures collapsing greatly. The triangle of life is thought to be more appropriate in developing nations ____8____ Haiti, because there the poor building codes make finding a “survivable void” inside a collapsed building more important than ____9____ (protect) yourself from falling chandeliers. If you’re going to play the odds, drop- and-cover may be the best way to go, but a lot of emergency responders might say triangle-of-life because they_____10_____ have seen the fatalities in buildings that do collapse.
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fil in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Nore that there is one more word than you need.
A. approached B. claims C. cover D. crises E. hardly F left G. occurrence H. reluctantly I. spill J. stricken K. warnings
THE WILSONS RIVER broke its banks on the night of February 27th while Lismore, a town of around 30, 000 in New South Wales, was sleeping. Its residents slept through early-hours emergency ___11___ that “risk to life was approaching”. Within bours the town was submerged. Residents scrambled into their attics. Mothers carried children onto rooftops. An army of locals launched tin boats into the floods to save them. Four people died.
Eastern Australia has been ___12___ by what politicians call “once-in-1, 000-year” flooding. It has already had a rainy summer because of La Nia, a phenomenon which triggers downpours there. Brisbane, Queensland's capital, received almost 80% of its annual rainfall in less than a week in February, flooding 15, 000 homes. As the rain ___13___ northern New South Wales, it ripped up roads and drowned herds of cattle. Storms hit Sydney on March 8th, causing a dam to ___14___ over. Some 50, 000 people in the state have been forced to evacuate.
Scientists are careful when blaming floods on global warming because everything from rainfall to urban development contributes to them. Whatever the cause, extreme weather is now a regular ___15___ in Australia. In 2019 and 2020 vast lands of the country were torched in bushfires which destroyed more than 3, 000 homes and killed 33 people.
When disaster strikes, official aid is often slow to come. In 2019 the federal government set aside almost A$4bn ($2. 9bn) fora fund that would help it respond to ___16___ and relieve future ones. But it has spent ___17___ any of that money. It has now deployed the army and is dishing out cash to victims, but locals get angry that they were ___18___ for days without power or fuel as supplies of food and water shrank.
A debate now continues about how or even whether places like Lismore should rebuild. Analysts think the floods might trigger insurance ___19___ worth more than A$3bn. Premiums (保险费) are already so high in disaster-prone towns that many locals can no longer afford ____20____ . “If we are going to start thinking every time there's a natural disaster that we have to give up and leave because it's too hard, then where are we going to live ” asks Lismore's mayor, Steve Krieg. That is becoming a question for ever more Australians.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Does a reassuring touch on the back bring you comfort during a tough day A new study finds, when it comes to touching, people aren’t even ____21____ about who’s doing it. Researchers in Germany say the touch of a humanoid (人形的) robot makes people ____22____ and more likely to follow their requests.
Instead of being ____23____ on other humans, researchers are hoping that one day robots may be able to fulfill the roles of therapists, personal trainers, and even life coaches. Their study follows the widespread increase of touch ____24____ during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies have pointed out how physical distancing and isolation is creating a variety of negative effects that increase feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety.
In this research, 48 students engaged in a conversation with NAO – a programmable research robot. During the course, for some participants, the robot briefly and seemingly randomly ____25____ the back of the participant’s hand.
This differed from the design of other studies, which have relied on ____26____ touch. In response to the robot’s touch, most participants smiled and laughed, and none ____27____. Results show those who were touched were more likely to ____28____ the robot urging them to show interest in a particular academic course discussed during the conversation. Participants also reported a better ____29____ state after the robot’s tap on the hand. ____30____, students who were touched were more likely to give the robot a higher score for physical attractiveness (although these participants still only rated poor NAO a 2.5 out of 5 on average).
“A robot’s non-functional touch ____31____ to humans,” Laura Hoffmann from Ruhr University and her team write. “Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot.”
“It is remarkable that simple and brief tap on the back of participants’ hands showed such an effect. Involving more complex and ____32____ touching from a robot might increase engagement and compliance.”
As the researchers argue, this small study – one of the first to examine the ____33____ of robot-initiated touch – suggests that through the use of comforting touches, robot therapists could better ____34____ patients to engage in healthy activities such as exercise. However, they caution that much about human-robot ____35____ are complex, with there still more to be learned about the difference between human and robot touch.
21. A. curious B. crazy C. picky D. certain
22. A. happier B. freer C. more stressed D. more frightened
23. A. hard B. dependent C. impressed D. based
24. A. completion B. formation C. imagination D. starvation
25. A. watched B. patted C. cleaned D. blocked
26. A. human-initiated B. time-pressed C. technique-based D. goal-oriented
27. A. made out B. thought back C. pulled away D. set off
28. A. look over B. go along with C. take off D. stand up against
29. A. physical B. emotional C. financial D. social
30. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Still
31. A. matters B. sees C. relates D. gets
32. A. warmer B. longer C. more friendly D. more forceful
33. A. theory B. history C. trend D. potential
34. A. warn B. persuade C. force D. control
35. A. similarities B. conflicts C. constructions D. interactions
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Ellen Weiss can hardly see David Schmitt can barely hear. Are they typical victims of aging's cruelest blows Not really. Weiss is actually a fresh resident doctor in family practice, age 30, and Schmitt a medical student, 26. They have been assigned roles, ages and particular illnesses as an innovative part of their medical training.
Introduced in only a few medical centers so far, such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients. It is just one of several techniques being tried at medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors: lack of sympathy. “Residents are usually young and healthy.” says Dr. Stephen Brunton. “They've not really had a chance to understand what patients go through.”
Role-playing programs give them a crash course. At Hunterdon, students' faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up. Next the disabilities are laid on: gloves cripple fingers, and peas inside shoes prevent walking. Then the ersatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks: purchasing medication at the drugstore, undressing for x rays, fling out a Medicare form and, most awkward, using the bathroom themselves.
At Long Beach, new residents assume made-up illnesses and cheek into the hospital for an overnight stay, The staff treats them as they would any other patient, even sending them a bill. The entire entering class of medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Heath Sciences are issued bedpans and told to use them. Some are even subjected to an indignity: spending most part of the first day of school as people with disabilities.
Instant patients usually start out activated and joking. “But by the end of a few hours, most say, ‘I'm exhausted.’” observes nurse Linda Bryant at Hunterdon. Schmitt discovered that “a major accomplishment was doing up my collar.” And, to his surprise, “I wound up hating physicians who didn't realize how much medication would cost and how hard it was to go and pick it up.” Weiss also learnt: “I realized how little I talk to patients. I might ask them about chest pains but not ‘Can you get dressed, eat O. K, take your medicine ” Jeffroy Ortiz thought he was in for a quiet rest when he was sent to the intensive care unit, suffering from “chest pains.” Instead he spent a sleepless night: “People were coming in to do labs, the man in the next bed was groaning, and the heart monitor was bleeping, which was noisy and scary.”
Any patient could have told him so, but many educators believe the direct experience of such miseries will leave an enduring sense of sympathy. Doctors have long defended taking a cool, dispassionate approach to patient care, arguing that it helps preserve objective judgment and protect against burnout. But critics disagree. “By concentrating on symptoms and lab data, we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients' well - being.” observes Dr. Simon Auster at the Uniformed Services medical school.
36. According to the passage, the role-playing programme is designed ________.
A. as an innovative part in the local community
B. as part of the play the residents have to watch
C. to help doctors understand the pains endured by the patients
D. to expose students to school facilities in a vivid way
37. What does the phrase “the ersatz invalids” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Local patients who usually start out activated and joking.
B. Students who make up their faces to look aged.
C. Doctors who perform common tasks that may not occur in real hospitals.
D. Customers who purchase medications and undress for X rays with the help of students.
38. The instant patients may feel most embarrassed when they ________.
A. fill in a Medicare table B. are using the washroom on their own
C. are issued bedpans and told to try them D. meet with someone they know well
39. What can be concluded according to the passage
A. Residents should always take a cool approach without sympathy to patient care in their job.
B. Doctors ought to be completely independent from the symptoms and be previous lab data.
C. Doctors may ignore information influencing the patients' health only by focusing on symptoms.
D. Experience in role-playing programs won't help the new doctors preserve objective judgment.
B
40. What should Linda do if she would like to swap a Harry Potter book with her classmate Jenny who lives in the same neighborhood
A. Leave the book on Jenny’s doorstep. B. Call the delivery service for help.
C. Go to the post office to mail the book. D. Leave a note for Jenny to pick the book up.
41. At the bookswap.co.uk website, visitors can ________.
A. share ideas on the titles they fancy reading B. check out the new books on sale
C. list the books they would like to swap D. advertise their favorite books
42. Which of the following statements about swapping is TRUE
A. Swapping is restricted to books and related items.
B. Swapping is organized and run on a voluntary basis.
C. Swapping is open to school-aged children only.
D. Swapping sets a great challenge for the participants.
C
Brenda Thomas’s heart became a shell when her 21-year-old son died in a motorcycle accident in September 2019 only one week into his senior year of college. But she has found something that helps her to deal with her grief.
She keeps “acts of kindness” cards in honor of her son. These folded pieces of paper are tucked in her purse at all times and always stored in the glove compartment of her car. Whenever she does a good deed for a stranger— which is about once a week— she passes along a card with a message written on it: “If you receive this card, then you must be a recipient of a random act of kindness.” At the top of each note is her son’s name, Trevor Paul Thomas.
Trevor was an athlete who played baseball at Allegany College of Maryland and Penn State Fayette. He was a loyal friend and a force for good, with a witty sense of humor and a big smile. According to his mother, one of Trevor’s best qualities was his compassion for others, no matter how well he knew them. He regularly shoveled(铲) snow off the driveways of older neighbors, delivered hot meals to those in need, and befriended classmates who struggled to fit in. It seemed a natural fit to launch a kindness campaign in his memory.
The Thomas family adopted the “acts of kindness” cards to mark what would have been Trevor’s 23 birthday. They hoped that these cards would encourage people to do a good deed as part of Trevor’s legacy. On each card, they included a mantra (箴言) that the family said best describes the way Trevor had lived his life: “Be somebody who makes everybody feel like somebody.”
Recently, while dining with her daughter Whitney in a restaurant, Brenda decided to pay for the meal of a mother and two children. The recipient of Brenda’s spontaneous (发自内心的) gift was Liana Arruda. She was taking her nine-year-old son and his five-year-old sister for dinner. She felt shocked and moved after the waitress handed her the card. She used it as an opportunity to teach her children about compassion and is now brainstorming ways to pass on the goodness. “I’m waiting to find the perfect opportunity,” she said. “I want it to matter, because it mattered to me.”
For the Thomas family, while there is still—and forever will be—a massive void(空虚感) in their lives without Trevor, committing to “living like him” has helped them turn their pain into purpose. “We’ll keep paying it forward in Trevor’s honor because it would make him so proud,” said Brenda.
43. Trevor Paul can be best described as________.
A. ambitious, witty and optimistic
B. sympathetic humorous and warmhearted
C. faithful, passionate and competitive
D. compassionate, persistent and rigorous
44. According to the context, the sentence “Be somebody who makes everybody feel like somebody.”(P4) can be best illustrated by __________.
A. Do as Romans do.
B. Serve others to be popular.
C. Influence others with what you do.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
45. Which of the following statements is TURE
A. Trevor would have graduated from university within one year but for the accident.
B. Every time Brenda does a good deed for others, they’ll receive an anonymous card.
C. Liana was astonished and touched because her two children gave her the gift spontaneously.
D. Liana has found a perfect opportunity to pass on the goodness and teach her children about compassion.
46. What conclusion can we draw from the passage
A. Your pain can be turned into purpose to push you forward.
B. Compassion means standing in others shoes.
C. Void can be replaced with satisfaction by “living like him”.
D. Committing to “following his way” is a good way to honor somebody.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
How to show others you care
The idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. ___47___
“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell,” said Tara Cousineau, a clinical psychologist, “People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind.” ___48___ They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
___49___ Jennifer Oldham, who lost her 9-year-old daughter Hallie in July, recently created a Facebook group — Keeping Kindness for Hallie — that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor. “It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,” said Ms. Oldham.
If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts, or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do. It’s not about you being like, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’. It’s about: ___50___ And how can you turn that into an offering for other people
A. What skills and talents do you already have
B. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others.
C. Why are recipients less likely to appreciate a random act of kindness
D. But an act of kindness is unlikely to fail, and in some instances it can create even more kindness.
E. People who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it.
F. But researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
51. “一人有难，众人帮”在中国很常见。 (common) (汉译英)
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52. 来自中国救援队仅一天时间就从倒塌的房屋中救出了上千灾民。 (It) (汉译英)
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53. 当一个有正义感的人在帮助他人时，要考虑的不仅是受助者的情况，还有他自己的能力。 (account) (汉译英)
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54. 学校组织的一系列慈善活动的成功让孩子们了解到只需一个善举，无论多渺小，都能给他人带来不同。 (difference) (汉译英)
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V. Writing
55. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你的好友李宏今年暑假将赴英国参加为期两个月的海外交流活动。如果选择主办方安排的住宿，他需要额外支付较高的费用。但他也可以通过为当地社区养老院提供每月三十小时的义工服务，获得在养老院免费住宿的机会，李宏通过邮件向你征求意见。写一封回信，内容须包括：
1. 你对此事的明确态度；
2. 你的理由。
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1-5 DBBCB 6-10 ADABC 11-15 CBA 14-16 DDC 17-20 DAAC
