《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题20阅读必背333个障碍词6+续写吸睛句型仿写6+说明文写作手法题
解析版
(
阅读理解必背
333
个障碍词
背默（
6
）
)
251. register v. 记录，登记
252. regulate v. 控制；调整，调节
253. regulation n. 规则，条例，法令
254. relevant adj.相关的，切题的
255. representative n. 代表；代理
256. reservation n. 预订；保留
257. resident n. [C]居民；住户
258. resolve vt.决定 vi.决心；解决
259. respective adj.各自的
260. respectful adj.有礼貌的，恭敬的
261. resume v. 重新开始 n. 简历
262. riddle n. 谜；谜语
263. ridiculous adj.愚蠢的，荒唐可笑的
264. routine n. 惯例，常规；例行公事
265. sacred adj.神圣的
266. sacrifice n. 牺牲；献祭 vt.牺牲
267. sample n. 样品
268. skeptical adj.持怀疑态度的，不相信的(be skeptical about/of 对...持怀疑态度)
269. scholarship n. 奖学金
270. sculpture n. 雕刻；雕塑
271. sensitive adj.敏感的(be sensitive to 对...敏感)
272. sensitivity n. 敏感；过敏
273. session n. 一段时间；正式会议
274. shallow adj.浅的，不深的；肤浅的
275. sheet n. 床单，被单；张；薄片
276. shipwreck n. 海难，船舶失事
277. shortcoming n. 缺点；短处 (近义词:drawback)
278. signature n. 签字，签名
279. significance n. 重要性；意义
280. simplify vt.使简易，使简单，简化
281. snack n. 小吃，点心
282. sneeze v. 打喷嚏
283. souvenir n. 纪念品；纪念物
284. stimulate vt.刺激；激发；促进
285. straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的；坦诚的，坦率的
286. strategy n. [C]战略；策略
287. stretch v. (使)变松，拉长；伸开 n. 伸长；伸展；连绵
288. stuff n. [U]东西；物品
289. subjective adj.主观的(反：objective adj.客观的)
290. submit v. 呈送，递交，呈递；顺从(＋to)
291. substance n. [C]物质；东西；[U] 事实基础；根据
292. substantial adj.大量的；重大的
293. supervision n. 监督；监管
294. supreme adj.最高的，至高无上的
295. surgery n. [U]外科手术
296. suspension n. 暂停，中止
297. sustain vt.保持；维持(sustainable adj. 可持续的)
298. swear v. 诅咒；发誓(swear---swore---sworn)
299. sympathetically adv.表示同情地；有同情心地
300. tackle vt.处理，对付(难题)；抢断
301. temporary adj.暂时的，临时的
302. tension n. 紧张，焦虑
303. territory n. [C] & [U]领土；版图；领地；(具有某种特性的)地区；区域
304. terminal adj.(疾病)晚期的，不治的 n. 终点站；终端
305. theoretical adj.理论上的；假设的
306. thereafter adv.之后，此后
307. tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的
308. tournament n. 锦标赛
309. transform vt.使改观；使变形；使转化
310. transformation n. 转变，改观
311. transparent adj.透明的；易懂的
312. trash n. 废物，垃圾(同：rubbish)
313. tricky adj.难对付的，棘手的；狡猾的
314. tunnel n. 隧道；(动物的)洞穴通道
315. unconscious adj.失去知觉的
316. underline vt.在……之下画线(以示重要)；强调；使突出
317. underlying adj.根本的；潜在的
318. undertake v. 从事；承担
319. uneasy adj. 不安的；忧虑的
320. unique adj.独一无二的；独特的
321. ultimately adv.最后；最终
322. upgrade v. 使升级
323. vacant adj.空着的；(工作或职位)空缺的
324. vague adj.含糊的，不明确的
325. valid adj.(法律上)有效的；有根据的；确凿的
326. vanish v. 消失，灭绝
327. variation n. [C] & [U]变化；差别
328. violate v. 违反，违背；侵犯
329. virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的
330. weave v. 编织，迂回行进
331. Wi Fi n. [U]无线网络
332. wreck v. 使失事 n. 残骸
333. wrinkle n. 皱纹
(
读后续写吸睛句型仿写训练（
6
）
)
句型6：形容词 +as+主语+was，主语+谓语
【仿写1】Weak as Jane was, she picked up speed along the stream to find the way back.
虽然简很虚弱，但她加快了沿着溪流的速度，找到了回去的路。
【仿写2】Seemingly absent-minded and forgetful as she was, she never failed to demonstrate the beauty of life to her children, and endowed us with a fun-filled childhood and a never-drained passion to embrace life.
看似心不在焉、健忘的她，却始终向孩子们展示生活的美好，并赋予我们充满乐趣的童年和永不枯竭的拥抱生活的热情。
读后续写“高分句型+丰富情感”分类仿写
1.尽管他很疲惫，但他还是坚持完成了比赛。
Tired as he was, he still managed to finish the race.
2.聪明如她，很快就解决了这个难题。
Intelligent as she is, she quickly solved the difficult problem.
3.尽管天气很冷，他还是决定去户外跑步。
Cold as the weather was, he decided to go for a run outdoors.
4.勇敢如他们，面对困难从不退缩。
Brave as they are, they never back down from difficulties.
5.尽管他很年轻，但他已经掌握了多门外语。
Young as he is, he has already mastered several foreign languages.
6.慷慨如她，总是愿意帮助那些需要帮助的人。
Generous as she is, she is always willing to help those in need.
7.尽管他很害羞，但他还是鼓起勇气向女孩表白了。
Shy as he was, he summoned up the courage to confess his feelings to the girl.
8.热情如他，总是能够激发团队的士气。
Enthusiastic as he is, he is always able to boost the team's morale.
9.尽管她很忙碌，但她还是抽出时间陪伴家人。
Busy as she was, she still made time to spend with her family.
10耐心如他，在解决复杂问题时总是能够保持冷静。
Patient as he is, he always remains calm when dealing with complex problems.
(
阅读理解
写作
手法
题
)
【名师点津】
1. 掌握高频写作手法：举例，对比，数据，做题留痕圈。
2. 比对四个选项，找到题干对应的段落句子，去伪存真。
3. 必要时学会运用排除法去排除干扰最后选择最佳答案。
【模拟精练】
（2024·浙江·二模）For want of a chip, the factory was lost. On May 18th Toyota became the latest carmaker forced to cut production in a global shortage of microchips, announcing it would stop work at two of its plants in Japan. Other car makers have also had to send workers home.
The pain is not limited to the car industry, for the shortage spans all sorts of chips, from the expensive, high-tech devices that power smartphones and data-centers to the simple sensors and micro-controllers that have become a vital commodity (商品). This chip drought is the result of the covid-19 pandemic interacting with an industry that is subject to cycles of boom and bust.
“The most important thing”, says Malcolm Penn, who runs a chip-industry consultancy, “is that shortages are a natural part of the industry.” Chipmaking is a good example of a “pork-cycle” business, named for the regular swings between under- and over-supply in pork markets. As with pigs, the supply of chips cannot quickly react to changes in demand. Capacity was tight even before the pandemic, says Mr Penn, pointing out that investment by chipmakers in factory equipment has been below its long-term average for many years.
The pandemic arrived at the worst possible time. After an early crash, demand in several fields boomed. Locked-down consumers bought laptops and other devices. Cloud-computing operators added servers to deal with the wave of home-workers. The car industry was particularly badly hit by a decision to cut orders early in the pandemic-demand for cars has since recovered. But the complexities of the production process mean it takes time to recover. “I can cancel my orders in an afternoon,” says Mr. Penn. “If I want to start them up again, that takes months--and that capacity is now busy serving other customers.”
But the pork cycle is turning once again. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, the world’s biggest chipmaker, plans to spend $30bn on new capacity this year. Two other giants, have also decided on further investment. That will bring relief to the wider economy, but not immediately. The boss of IBM said he thought the shortages might last for two years. And, says Mr Penn, when the drought eventually ends, chipmakers may find they face a familiar problem on a bigger scale: a capacity investment in response to serious shortages today could well mean a sizeable surplus (过剩) tomorrow.
1．How does the author illustrate the cyclical nature of chipmaking in paragraph 3
A．By referring to a quotation.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By drawing a conclusion.
D．By presenting an argument.
2．What may the investment mentioned in paragraph 5 eventually lead to
A．Improved supply chain stability.
B．Timely assistance to the business.
C．Economic growth in related sectors.
D．Possible future oversupply of chips.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Production capacity would recover soon.
B．A combination of reasons led to chip shortage.
C．An investment of S30bn was enough for the problem.
D．Toyota was the first carmaker to suspend production.
4．What might be the best title for the passage
A．Loading, please wait
B．Dying, please act
C．Calling, please respond
D．Over-supplying, please stop
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了全球芯片短缺对汽车工业和其他领域的影响，特别强调了疫情与产业周期性交互作用的重要性，以及投资对未来芯片供应的影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段““The most important thing”, says Malcolm Penn, who runs a chip-industry consultancy, “is that shortages are a natural part of the industry.” Chipmaking is a good example of a “pork-cycle” business, named for the regular swings between under- and over-supply in pork markets. As with pigs, the supply of chips cannot quickly react to changes in demand. Capacity was tight even before the pandemic, says Mr Penn, pointing out that investment by chipmakers in factory equipment has been below its long-term average for many years.(“最重要的是，”经营一家芯片行业咨询公司的马尔科姆 佩恩说，“短缺是这个行业的一个自然组成部分。”芯片制造是“猪肉周期”的一个很好的例子，以猪肉市场供应不足和供应过剩之间的定期波动命名。与猪肉供应一样，芯片的供应无法迅速对需求变化做出反应。佩恩表示，即使在疫情爆发之前，产能也很紧张。他指出，芯片制造商对工厂设备的投资多年来一直低于长期平均水平)”可知，作者通过比较说明芯片制造的周期性。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“And, says Mr Penn, when the drought eventually ends, chipmakers may find they face a familiar problem on a bigger scale: a capacity investment in response to serious shortages today could well mean a sizeable surplus (过剩) tomorrow.(佩恩表示，当严重短缺最终结束时，芯片制造商可能会发现，他们在更大范围内面临一个熟悉的问题：为应对今天的严重短缺而进行的产能投资，很可能意味着明天会出现相当大的过剩)”可知，第5段提到的投资最终会导致未来可能出现的芯片供过于求。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段“This chip drought is the result of the covid-19 pandemic interacting with an industry that is subject to cycles of boom and bust.(这种芯片短缺是新冠疫情与受繁荣与萧条周期影响的行业相互作用的结果)”可知，多种原因导致了芯片短缺。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“For want of a chip, the factory was lost. On May 18th Toyota became the latest carmaker forced to cut production in a global shortage of microchips, announcing it would stop work at two of its plants in Japan. Other car makers have also had to send workers home.(由于缺少芯片，工厂歇业了。5月18日，丰田公司宣布将停止其在日本的两家工厂的生产，成为最新一家因全球芯片短缺而被迫减产的汽车制造商。其他汽车制造商也不得不让工人回家)”结合本文探讨了全球芯片短缺对汽车工业和其他领域的影响，特别强调了疫情与产业周期性交互作用的重要性，以及投资对未来芯片供应的影响。可知，A选项“正在装载中，请稍等”最符合文章标题。故选A。
（2024·宁夏银川·二模）From May to October in the southeastern US, five species of turtles, from loggerheads to Kemp’s ridley, crawl (爬行) ashore under the cover of night to lay their eggs on the very beach they were born. During this time, thousands of turtle-loving volunteers comb the shorelines looking for the turtles’ tracks as part of an ongoing effort to gather population data and protect the nests.
However, it’s not easy to detect turtle eggs as female turtles frequently make “false crawls”, climbing out of the water but returning without laying eggs. And since sea turtles disturb huge areas of sand to hide their nests from predators (捕食者), human monitors are often left guessing where the eggs are.
Now, a new study suggests man’s best friend can do it better. A smell-detecting dog named Dory found the location of sea turtle eggs more accurately than human volunteers, according to a recent study led by Rebekah Lindborg, a conservationist with Disney’s Animals, Science, and Environment division.
Lindborg teamed up with Pepe Peruyero, a dog behaviorist who has trained smell-detecting dogs for over 20 years. Peruyero selected a rescue dog named Dory, a two-year-old terrier mix found wandering along a Florida highway, as the project’s poster dog.
Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach, Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of “cloacal mucus”, a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler. Then, the team convinced the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to allow a friendly competition. During the peak nesting seasons, two groups went around a stretch of shoreline about five miles long in Vero Beach, Florida.
The terrier identified 560 sea turtle nests from three species, while people found only 256. Dory was also significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug, Lindborg reports. And while human volunteers couldn’t find the eggs in 14.8% of nests, Dory only failed to deliver 5.7% of the time. “Dory has a keen nose for turtles, and this could be a game changer,” said Lindborg.
5．How do female turtles make egg detection more difficult
A．They make misleading tracks in the sand.
B．They destroy their eggs deliberately.
C．They put their eggs in the water.
D．They build nests everywhere.
6．What is most helpful for Dory in finding turtle nests
A．The nature of digging.
B．The sense of competition.
C．The warning from its trainer.
D．The matter on a turtle’s newly laid eggs.
7．How is paragraph 6 mainly developed
A．By giving examples.
B．By describing courses.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By offering explanations.
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The kindness of a man who protects turtle nests.
B．A dog that can find turtle nests successfully.
C．The difficulty of building turtle nests.
D．A new discovery about turtle nests
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于利用探测犬寻找海龟巢穴的研究。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, it’s not easy to detect turtle eggs as female turtles frequently make “false crawls”, climbing out of the water but returning without laying eggs. And since sea turtles disturb huge areas of sand to hide their nests from predators (捕食者), human monitors are often left guessing where the eggs are.（然而，要发现海龟蛋并不容易，因为雌性海龟经常会“假爬”，爬出水面但又回来而不产卵。由于海龟会扰乱大片沙地，以隐藏它们的巢穴以躲避捕食者，人类监控人员常常只能猜测海龟蛋的位置。）”可知，雌性海龟通过在沙子上留下误导性的足迹使蛋检测变得更加困难。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段“Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach, Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of “cloacal mucus”, a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler. （Peruyero在一个50 * 50平方英尺的人工海滩上训练了几个月，训练多莉对“排泄粘液”的气味发出警报，这是一种粘在海龟新产下的蛋上的粘性物质，林德伯格是她的训练员）”可知，对多莉发现海龟巢最有帮助的是蛋上的粘性物质。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The terrier identified 560 sea turtle nests from three species, while people found only 256. Dory was also significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug, Lindborg reports. And while human volunteers couldn’t find the eggs in 14.8% of nests, Dory only failed to deliver 5.7% of the time. “Dory has a keen nose for turtles, and this could be a game changer,” said Lindborg.（多莉发现了来自三个物种的 560 个海龟巢，而人们只发现了 256 个。据 Lindborg 报告，多莉在选择挖蛋位置方面也明显优于人类，从而大大减少了挖洞的数量。虽然人类志愿者在 14.8% 的巢中找不到蛋，但多莉未能产卵的情况只有 5.7%。“多莉对海龟有着敏锐的嗅觉，这可能会改变游戏规则，”林德伯格说。）”可知，第6段主要是通过探测狗多莉和人类搜索海龟蛋对比展开。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Now, a new study suggests man’s best friend can do it better. A smell-detecting dog named Dory found the location of sea turtle eggs more accurately than human volunteers, according to a recent study led by Rebekah Lindborg, a conservationist with Disney’s Animals, Science, and Environment division.(现在，一项新的研究表明，人类最好的朋友（狗）可以做得更好。迪士尼动物、科学和环境部门的自然资源保护主义者丽贝卡·林德伯格 (Rebekah Lindborg) 最近领导的一项研究显示，一只名叫多莉 (Dory) 的嗅觉狗比人类志愿者更准确地发现了海龟蛋的位置)”、第五段“Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach. Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of ‘cloacal mucus,’ a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler(经过数月对50英尺见方的人造沙滩的训练，多莉被训练成会对“泄殖腔粘液”的气味保持警觉，这是一种覆盖在海龟刚产下的蛋上的粘性物质，而林德伯格是她的训练师)”以及最后一段“Dory was also significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug.( 多莉在选择挖蛋地点方面也比人们优秀得多，大大减少了挖掘的洞的数量。)可知，本文主要介绍了利用探测犬成功寻找海龟巢穴，故选B项。
（2024·湖北·二模）Neuroengineer Silvestro Micera develops advanced technological solutions to help people regain sensory and motor functions that have been lost due to injury events or neurological disorders. Until now, he has never before worked on strengthening the human body and cognition with the help of technology.
Now in a study published in Science Robotics, Micera and his team report on how diaphragm (隔膜) movement can be monitored for successful control of an extra arm, essentially augmenting a healthy individual with a third-robotic-arm.
For further exploration, the researchers first built a virtual environment to test a healthy user’s capacity to control a virtual arm using movement of his or her diaphragm. They found that diaphragm control does not interfere with actions like controlling one’s physiological (生理的) arms, one’s speech or gaze.
In this virtual reality setup, the user is equipped with a belt that measures diaphragm movement. Wearing a virtual reality headset, the user sees three arms: the right arm and hand, the left arm and hand, and a third arm between the two with a symmetric (对称), six-fingered hand.
In the virtual environment, the user is then hinted to reach out with either the left hand, the right hand, or in the middle with the symmetric hand. In the real environment, the user holds onto an exoskeleton (外骨骼) with both arms, which allows for control of the virtual left and right arms. Movement detected by the belt around the diaphragm is used for controlling the virtual middle, symmetric arm. The setup was tested on 61 healthy subjects (受试者) in over 150 sessions.
Previous studies regarding the control of robotic arms have been focused on helping the disabled. The latest Science Robotics study is a step beyond repairing the human body towards augmentation. “Our next step is to explore the use of more complex robotic devices using our various control strategies, to perform real-life tasks, both inside and outside of the laboratory. Only then will we be able to grasp the real potential of this approach,” concludes Micera.
9．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To show an evidence.
C．To summarize the general idea.
D．To offer some background.
10．What are the fourth and fifth paragraphs probably about
A．A virtual reality game.
B．A new medical device.
C．A new treatment method.
D．An experiment on animals.
11．How does the author support the theme of the text
A．By listing some related data.
B．By offering some examples.
C．By making some comparisons.
D．By describing research processes.
12．What is probably continued with the text
A．How to expand controllable robotic devices.
B．Where to find new and exciting opportunities.
C．How to further develop the robot market potential.
D．Why to balance inside and outside of the laboratory.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，隔膜运动可以成功控制额外的手臂，即可以用第三只机械手臂来增强个体健康。本文介绍了该研究的过程、结论和未来走向等。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Now in a study published in Science Robotics, Micera and his team report on how diaphragm (隔膜) movement can be monitored for successful control of an extra arm, essentially augmenting a healthy individual with a third-robotic-arm.(现在，在《科学机器人》杂志上发表的一项研究中，Micera和他的团队报告了如何通过监测隔膜运动来成功控制额外的手臂，实质上是用第三只机器手臂来增强健康的个体)”可知，本段总结Micera和他的团队的研究成果，即利用隔膜运动可以成功控制一只额外的手臂，故本段起概括全文大意的作用。故选C项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第四段“In this virtual reality setup, the user is equipped with a belt that measures diaphragm movement. Wearing a virtual reality headset, the user sees three arms: the right arm and hand, the left arm and hand, and a third arm between the two with a symmetric (对称), six-fingered hand.(在这个虚拟现实设置中，用户配备了测量隔膜运动的皮带。戴上虚拟现实耳机，用户可以看到三只手臂：右臂和右手，左臂和左手，以及介于两者之间的第三只手臂，它有一只对称的六指手)”以及第五段“In the virtual environment, the user is then hinted to reach out with either the left hand, the right hand, or in the middle with the symmetric hand. In the real environment, the user holds onto an exoskeleton (外骨骼) with both arms, which allows for control of the virtual left and right arms. Movement detected by the belt around the diaphragm is used for controlling the virtual middle, symmetric arm. The setup was tested on 61 healthy subjects (受试者) in over 150 sessions.(在虚拟环境中，然后提示用户伸出左手，右手或中间的对称手。在真实环境中，用户用双臂抓住外骨骼，这样就可以控制虚拟的左右手臂。由围绕隔膜的皮带检测到的运动用于控制虚拟中间，对称手臂。该装置在61名健康受试者身上进行了150多次测试)”可知，第四和第五段大概是关于一种新的医疗设备。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“For further exploration, the researchers first built a virtual environment to test a healthy user’s capacity to control a virtual arm using movement of his or her diaphragm. They found that diaphragm control does not interfere with actions like controlling one’s physiological (生理的) arms, one’s speech or gaze.(为了进一步探索，研究人员首先建立了一个虚拟环境来测试健康用户通过移动隔膜来控制虚拟手臂的能力。他们发现，控制横膈膜不会干扰控制生理手臂、说话或凝视等行为)”；第四段“In this virtual reality setup, the user is equipped with a belt that measures diaphragm movement. Wearing a virtual reality headset, the user sees three arms: the right arm and hand, the left arm and hand, and a third arm between the two with a symmetric (对称), six-fingered hand.(在这个虚拟现实设置中，用户配备了测量隔膜运动的皮带。戴上虚拟现实耳机，用户可以看到三只手臂：右臂和右手，左臂和左手，以及介于两者之间的第三只手臂，它有一只对称的六指手)”以及第五段“In the virtual environment, the user is then hinted to reach out with either the left hand, the right hand, or in the middle with the symmetric hand. In the real environment, the user holds onto an exoskeleton (外骨骼) with both arms, which allows for control of the virtual left and right arms. Movement detected by the belt around the diaphragm is used for controlling the virtual middle, symmetric arm. The setup was tested on 61 healthy subjects (受试者) in over 150 sessions.(在虚拟环境中，然后提示用户伸出左手，右手或中间的对称手。在真实环境中，用户用双臂抓住外骨骼，这样就可以控制虚拟的左右手臂。由围绕隔膜的皮带检测到的运动用于控制虚拟中间，对称手臂。该装置在61名健康受试者身上进行了150多次测试)”可推知，作者采用详细描述相关研究过程的手法来论证本文的中心。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our next step is to explore the use of more complex robotic devices using our various control strategies, to perform real-life tasks, both inside and outside of the laboratory.(我们的下一步是探索使用更复杂的机械设备，使用我们的各种控制策略，在实验室内外执行现实生活中的任务)”可知，本文将继续阐述如何拓展可控性机械设备的研究。故选A项。
（2024·江苏·一模）
I grew up hearing that it is better to give than to receive, and the older I get, the more I aim to take this message to heart. Nevertheless, here I am, in the midst of the holiday season stressed out about gifts I have not yet purchased.
How did gift buying become an emotionally fraught chore (苦差事) For a moment, it’s easy to question if it’s worth it. But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.
“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness,” says Michael Norton, a psychologist at Harvard Business School. He has published several studies on the effects of giving.
In one experiment that included about 700 people, the researchers randomly assigned participants to make either a purchase for themselves, or for a stranger. Afterwards, the participants reported how happy they felt. Turns out, giving to others led to a significant happiness boost, whereas spending on oneself didn’t move the needle.
“If you take $5 out of your pocket today, the science really does show that spending $5 on yourself doesn’t do much for you,” Norton says. “But spending that $5 on somebody else is more likely to increase your happiness.”
Take a scarf. If you buy one for yourself, it’s just another thing you don’t necessarily need. But if you buy a scarf for someone else, “you’ve shown them that they’re important to you,” Norton says. Either way, it’s just a scarf. “But it can either be a throwaway object or something that enhances a relationship between two people,” he says.
So, there’s evidence that generosity promotes happiness, but the process of shopping, wrapping and schlepping (搬) gifts can be tiresome — or even extremely annoying considering all of our day- to -day demands and other holiday stressors.
Studies also show when people are given something they are more likely to give back. Reciprocity (互惠) is a foundation of good relationships and when we surround ourselves with generous people, we tend to feel the same. Feeling that spirit of giving and the connection it can bring is what the holidays are all about.
13．Why does the author mention his own experience in paragraph 1
A．To make a prediction. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To present a reason. D．To clarify a concept.
14．How does Norton illustrate his opinion in paragraphs 5 and 6
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comments. D．By telling personal experiences.
15．Why is preparing a gift sometimes an emotionally fraught chore
A．It’s difficult and expensive. B．It happens frequently.
C．It’s not valued by others. D．It requires much effort.
16．What can we learn about giving gifts from the text
A．It is not worth the effort.
B．It is a must to enhance a relationship.
C．It brings about emotional benefits.
D．It gains popularity during holidays.
【答案】13．B 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了给予能够带来幸福。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“I grew up hearing that it is better to give than to receive, and the older I get, the more I aim to take this message to heart. Nevertheless, here I am, in the midst of the holiday season stressed out about gifts I have not yet purchased.(我从小就听说给予总比接受好，年纪越大，我就越想把这个信息牢记在心。然而，在节日期间，我因尚未购买的礼物而倍感压力。)”可知，第一段讲述了虽然作者明白给予比接受好，但在节日期间自己总是因为买礼物的事情感到很有压力。接着第二段“How did gift buying become an emotionally fraught chore(苦差事) For a moment, it’s easy to question if it’s worth it. But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.(买礼物是如何成为一件令人情绪紧张的苦差事的？有一段时间，人们很容易质疑这是否值得。但科学告诉我，给予让我们感觉良好。)”承上启下，从作者买礼物的经历引出科学表明给予让人感觉良好，结合下文内容可知，本文围绕给予能够带来幸福展开，由此可推测出，第一段提到作者自己的经历是为了引出话题。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段““If you take $5 out of your pocket today, the science really does show that spending $5 on yourself doesn’t do much for you,” Norton says. “But spending that $5 on somebody else is more likely to increase your happiness.”(“如果你今天从口袋里掏出5美元，科学确实表明，在自己身上花5美元对你没有多大帮助，”诺顿说。“但把那5美元花在别人身上更有可能增加你的幸福感。”)”和第六段“Take a scarf. If you buy one for yourself, it’s just another thing you don’t necessarily need. But if you buy a scarf for someone else, “you’ve shown them that they’re important to you,” Norton says. Either way, it’s just a scarf. “But it can either be a throwaway object or something that enhances a relationship between two people,” he says.(以一条围巾为例。如果你自己买一条，那只是另一件你不一定需要的东西。但如果你给别人买了一条围巾，“你已经向他们表明了他们对你很重要，”诺顿说。无论哪种方式，它都只是一条围巾。“但它既可以是一次性物品，也可以是增进两个人关系的东西，”他说。)”可知，这两段分别以5美元和一条围巾的例子讲述了给予的重要性。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“So, there’s evidence that generosity promotes happiness, but the process of shopping, wrapping and schlepping(搬) gifts can be tiresome — or even extremely annoying considering all of our day-to-day demands and other holiday stressors.(因此，有证据表明慷慨会促进幸福，但考虑到我们的日常需求和其他节日压力源，购物、包装和搬礼物的过程可能会令人厌烦，甚至非常烦人。)”可推知，由于准备礼物需要花费精力，所以有时是个苦差事。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.(但科学告诉我，给予让我们感觉良好。)”和第三段中的“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness(给予的行为确实会提高你的幸福感)”可知，给予会让人感觉良好，提升幸福感，由此可推测出，送礼物能够带来情绪上的益处。故选C。
（2024·江西鹰潭·二模）It has been 100 years since the first Chinese animated work created. The animators living a century ago probably had never imagined that Chinese animation could advance as rapidly as it is today. Since the industry’s start, China’s traditional culture has provided the nutrition the industry has needed to grow. Looking back over the past 100 years, we can discover many characters who were inspired by China’s rich cultural heritage like the Monkey king and Po the kung fu panda.
Back in 1922, an only one-minute-long animated advertising short for the Shu Zhedong Huawen Daziji made its debut. The work used primitive techniques, but became the forerunner of Chinese animation. Over the following decades, more popular Chinese folk stories were adapted into animated films by Chinese animators.
Chinese Generation Z tend to follow cultural traditions and fall in love with ethnic styles, and many find domestic animated series based on Chinese mythology and folklore more interesting than other genres.
The works of Shanghai Animation Film Studio are some outstanding examples of this. The studio established different styles based on folk stories, including water-and-ink animation, paper-cutting animation and puppetry animation. The classic works the studio produced stunned the world and inspired numerous animators overseas, especially in Japan. Japanese animator Osamu Tezuka once said he tasted a great deal from China’s water-and-ink animation.
More and more Chinese animated works have been entering overseas markets, expanding the influence of Chinese culture. According to related data, the total output value of Chinas animation industry surpassed $29.9 billion in 2020. Additionally, major Chinese streaming platforms aired over 60 animated series during the second half of 2021.
Chinese studios have also begun tapping into the huge demand for diverse cultural content on international streaming platforms. For example, the international streaming service Netflix bought the overseas broadcasting rights for the Chinese traditional animated series Scissor seven and other Chinese animation works.
17．What can traditional cultures do for animated works
A．By providing inspirations.
B．By presenting characters.
C．By narrating stories.
D．By describing background information.
18．Which of the following ones is the correct understanding of the underlined word “debut”
A．the result of making something boring.
B．the purpose of adapting something bad.
C．the first public appearance.
D．the success of creating something unexpected.
19．What was Japanese animator’ attitude to Chinese animation works
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Jealous. D．Approved.
20．What can we infer from the last two paraeraphs
A．Chinese animated works are the best way to circulate cultures.
B．Chinese animated works industry are on the promising track.
C．Chinese people are making more profits from animation-industry.
D．International streaming service Netflix is the most influential streaming platforms.
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国动画行业的起源和发展、传统文化对动画作品的影响、日本动画师对中国动画的评价以及中国动画行业在国内外市场的影响力和发展潜力。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Since the industry’s start, China’s traditional culture has provided the nutrition the industry has needed to grow. Looking back over the past 100 years, we can discover many characters who were inspired by China’s rich cultural heritage like the Monkey king and Po the kung fu panda. (自该行业开始，中国的传统文化为该行业的发展提供了所需的营养。回顾过去的100年，我们可以发现许多受到中国丰富文化遗产启发的人物，如孙悟空和功夫熊猫)”可知，传统文化通过提供灵感对动画作品产生影响，故选A项。
18．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Back in 1922, an only one-minute-long animated advertising short for the Shu Zhedong Huawen Daziji made its debut. The work used primitive techniques, but became the forerunner of Chinese animation. (早在1922年，《舒振东华文打字机》的一部只有一分钟长的动画广告短片debut。这部作品使用了原始的技术，但成为中国动画的先驱。)”可知，使用了原始的技术动画片《舒振东华文打字机》在1992年第一次放映，推测debut的词义应为首次亮相，故选C项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Japanese animator Osamu Tezuka once said he tasted a great deal from China’s water-and-ink animation. (日本动画师手冢治虫曾经说过，他从中国的水墨动画中尝到了很多东。)”可知，日本动画师对中国动画作品的态度是肯定的，故选D项。
20．推理判断题。根据最后两段“More and more Chinese animated works have been entering overseas markets, expanding the influence of Chinese culture. According to related data, the total output value of Chinas animation industry surpassed $29.9 billion in 2020. Additionally, major Chinese streaming platforms aired over 60 animated series during the second half of 2021. Chinese studios have also begun tapping into the huge demand for diverse cultural content on international streaming platforms. For example, the international streaming service Netflix bought the overseas broadcasting rights for the Chinese traditional animated series Scissor seven and other Chinese animation works. (越来越多的中国动画作品进入海外市场，扩大了中国文化的影响力。据相关数据显示，2020年中国动漫产业总产值超过299亿美元。此外，2021 年下半年，中国主要流媒体平台播出了60多部动画剧集。中国电影公司也开始挖掘国际流媒体平台对多元文化内容的巨大需求。例如，国际流媒体服务Netflix购买了中国传统动画剧集《刺客伍六七》和其他中国动画作品的海外播出权)”可知，中国动画行业正在充满希望的发展，故选B项。
（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen (鲸须) whales, such as humpback and Rice whales, have two.
Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间).
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale, have nostrils that are farther apart than do those, such as humpback whales, that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.
21．What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs
A．They are adapted ones.
B．They are developed merely for smell.
C．They are not easy to detect.
D．They are fixed universally in numbers.
22．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton
A．The teeth that baleen whales have.
B．The smell that phytoplankton send.
C．The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
23．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4
A．By quoting a theory.
B．By using examples.
C．By making contrast.
D．By making inferences.
24．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph
A．The sense of smell.
B．The possibility to attract food.
C．The ability to locate food.
D．The ability to communicate.
【答案】21．A 22．B 23．B 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是关于须鲸的鼻孔的相关知识。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.(很少有人知道，呼吸孔是一种经过轻微进化的鼻孔，对于在海洋中生活的哺乳动物来说，它的形式更有用)”可知，根据前两段，鲸鱼的鼻孔是调整过的，故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段“When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales.(当它们受到攻击时，它们会释放一种叫做二甲硫的特殊气体，反过来吸引须鲸)”可知，当须鲸捕食浮游动物时，浮游植物散发的气味起了作用。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据第四段“Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.(例如，有两只眼睛的动物可以通过比较来自每只眼睛的图像来感知深度。它们有两只耳朵，可以确定声音传来的方向)”可知，第四段通过举例解释立体感觉的概念。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.(除了让它们呼吸外，一些鲸鱼似乎还用它们的气孔来确定晚餐在哪个方向)”可知，鼻孔的位置与定位食物的能力有关。故选C。
（2024·山西晋中·模拟预测）The nature of compassion fatigue (同情疲劳) means that many working in traditional care-giving roles are likely to experience its symptoms. This includes first responders, medical professionals, social workers, journalists, and lawyers specializing in family law or criminal law.
Kelli Collins, a licensed family therapist, remarks “Think about muscle fatigue—if you work out too hard, your muscles might simply give out. In the same way, compassion fatigue means your ability to offer compassion to others is dramatically affected.”
Collins herself experienced compassion fatigue as a young therapist working in a community mental health setting, where she “had the strong desire to help” but quickly realized some things were out of her “rang of influence”. She felt herself becoming easily annoyed with loved ones, sleeping very little, and fantasizing about changing careers. It was an overwhelming time, during which she felt she was failing her clients.
“I thought that by giving endless compassion to my clients, I was ‘leaving it all on the field’. In fact, bearing the responsibility for my clients’ pain without consideration for my own needs and limits meant that I wasn’t a particularly effective therapist,” she says.
Lynne Hughes, who founded Comfort Zone in 1999 and now serves as CEO, lost both her parents as a child, experiencing first-hand the lack of resources and support for grieving children. Hughes expresses similar feelings about the challenge of compassion fatigue, stressing the importance of looking inward.
“Suffering from compassion fatigue does not mean you’re bad at helping or caring, it only means the scale between caring for others and caring for yourself is no longer balanced,” she says. “When you’re in a role where you’re nurturing and caring for others — it’s crucial to extend that nurture and care to yourself so that ‘your well’ does not run dry.”
But both Hughes and Collins emphasize that it’s not only traditional caregivers who experience compassion fatigue. “It is applicable to anyone in a caring role,” says Hughes, while Collins believes it is a uniquely human condition, occupational or not.
25．Why does Collins mention the muscle fatigue
A．To describe she is in a bad mood.
B．To show she is eager to give a hand.
C．To suggest she has limited pity for others.
D．To explain she is much tired of her customers.
26．Which of the following do Hughes and Collins agree with
A．Care for yourself while caring for others.
B．Compassion fatigue has nothing to do with career.
C．Those with compassion fatigue are poor at helping.
D．Shy persons always tend to suffer compassion fatigue.
27．What does “your well” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A．Pity. B．Nurture. C．Symptoms. D．Occupation.
28．How does the author develop the text
A．By giving examples. B．By quoting arguments.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing reasons and causes.
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．B 28．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了同情疲劳的概念，该现象意味着从事传统护理工作的人可能会经历同情疲劳的症状。通过Kelli Collins和Lynne Hughes两位亲历者的经历和观点，文章指出同情疲劳会影响个体对他人的同情能力，强调关注自身需求的重要性。同时，同情疲劳不仅仅适用于传统的护理人员，任何从事关爱工作的人都可能经历这种现象。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段Kelli Collins所说的话“Think about muscle fatigue—if you work out too hard, your muscles might simply give out. In the same way, compassion fatigue means your ability to offer compassion to others is dramatically affected. (想想肌肉疲劳——如果你锻炼过度，你的肌肉可能会疲劳。同理，同情疲劳意味着你同情他人的能力受到了极大的影响。)”可知，她提到肌肉疲劳是为了类比，说明过度同情他人会导致自己的这种能力显著下降，就像过度锻炼会使肌肉无法继续工作一样。由此推知，这是为了解释为什么她对客户感到非常厌倦。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段Collins所说的话“In fact, bearing the responsibility for my clients’ pain without consideration for my own needs and limits meant that I wasn’t a particularly effective therapist (事实上，在不考虑自己的需求和限制的情况下为我的客户的痛苦承担责任，意味着我不是一个特别有效的治疗师)”、第五段中“Hughes expresses similar feelings about the challenge of compassion fatigue, stressing the importance of looking inward. (Hughes对同情疲劳的挑战表达了类似的感受，强调了审视内心的重要性)”和第六段Hughes所说的话“When you’re in a role where you’re nurturing and caring for others — it’s crucial to extend that nurture and care to yourself (当你处于培养和照顾他人的角色时，将这种培养和照顾延伸到自己身上是至关重要的)”可推知，两人都认为在关心他人的同时，也要关注自己的需求。故选A。
27．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“When you’re in a role where you’re nurturing and caring for others — it’s crucial to extend that nurture and care to yourself (当你处于滋养和照顾他人的角色时，将这种滋养和照顾延伸到自己身上是至关重要的)”可知，Hughes在强调要关注自己的需求，要滋养和照顾自己。再结合so that引导的是结果状语从句可推知，此处描述的是这样做的好处，这种“滋养的井水”不会枯竭，画线部分指的应该是“Nurture (滋养)”。故选B。
28．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过列举Kelli Collins作为家庭治疗师的经历和Lynne Hughes创办Comfort Zone并担任CEO的事例，以及她们对同情疲劳的感受和见解，来阐述同情疲劳的现象、影响以及应对方式。因此，文章通过举例的方式组织文本内容。故选A。
（2024·江西宜春·一模）Cities, covering less than 2% of the Earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change, consuming almost 80% of the world’s energy and producing more than 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. Fortunately, net zero emissions (净零排放) by 2050, a target set at the COP26 conference, could be achieved faster using digital twins cities, according to a recent research.
Looking and behaving identically in their real-world physical environments, digital twins can help track, manage and reduce environmental damage rapidly. These replicas (复制品) link to networks of sensors that collect data from buildings, transport, air quality, and energy use, to see where emissions can be cut and efficiency improved. Similar technologies have been in use since NASA’s Apollo moon mission in 1969, where computers and machine replicas were used to test and monitor spacecraft.
Research shows that digital twins can save cities more than $ 280 billion globally by 2030 through more efficient urban planning. Digital twin provider Cityzenith believes that net zero deadlines could be achieved 15 years earlier if the world’s 100 biggest cities use the technology to decarbonize. “They are the perfect tool for managing and speeding up the energy transformation,” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net zero globally by 2035.”
Over the past decades, big tech companies around the world, including GE Digital and Siemens, have developed software for replicating cities, including a district of Berlin, the island nation of Singapore, and the entire city of Shanghai in China. In the US, the Digital Twin Consortium is working to standardize how digital twins are built and share data. Technology company MX3D built the world’s first 3D-printed stainless steel bridge and co-created its digital twin. CEO Gijs van der Velden believes twins will give us precise control over the built environment.
Recently, OpenAI also made advances in this field. On February 15, the company revealed its latest groundbreaking tech—Sora to the world. Sora is a text-to-video generative AI model. It can generate videos that matches the text prompt (文本提示) given to it in a few seconds. Experts believe Sora is likely to be applied in science and national defence in the future.
29．How does the author show the impact of cities on climate change
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By comparing opinions. D．By quoting research findings.
30．What’s Michael Jansen’s attitude towards digital twins
A．Approving. B．Opposed. C．Unconcerned. D．Objective.
31．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．Sora has been used in scientific research and military.
B．Gijs van der Velden has little faith in digital twins’ future.
C．Digital twins technology is developing rapidly around the world.
D．Few tech companies are involved in the study of replicating cities.
32．Which is the best title of this passage
A．Net Zero Emissions Could Be Hit 15 Years Earlier
B．Cityzenith Is Working on Promoting Digital Twin Cities
C．Big Cities Are to Blame for the Severe Environment Pollution
D．Digital Twin Cities Can Reduce the Impact of Planet’s Largest Polluters
【答案】29．A 30．A 31．C 32．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项减少城市温室气体排放的科学技术：城市数字孪生技术。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Cities, covering less than 2% of the Earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change. consuming almost 80% of the world’s energy and producing more than 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. (城市面积不到地球表面的2%，是气候变化的主要原因。消耗了全球近80%的能源，产生了60%以上的温室气体排放。)”可推知，文章在开头通过列举数据来展示城市对气候变化的影响。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““They are the perfect tool for managing and speeding up the energy transformation,” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net zero globally by 2035.” (首席执行官Michael Jansen表示：“它们是管理和加快能源转型的完美工具。”。“到2035年，我们可以实现全球净零排放。”)”可推知，Michael Jansen对数字孪生技术的态度是赞同的。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Over the past decades, big tech companies around the world, including GE Digital and Siemens, have developed software for replicating cities, including a district of Berlin, the island nation of Singapore, and the entire city of Shanghai in China. (在过去的几十年里，包括GE Digital和西门子在内的世界各地的大型科技公司都开发了用于复制城市的软件，包括柏林的一个地区、岛国新加坡和中国上海全域。)”以及最后一段“Experts believe Sora is likely to be applied in science and national defence in the future. (专家们认为Sora很可能在未来应用于科学和国防领域。)”可推知，数字孪生技术在全球范围内正在快速发展。故选C项。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Fortunately, net zero emissions (净零排放) by 2050, a target set at the COP26 conference, could be achieved faster using digital twins cities, according to a recent research. (幸运的是，根据最近的一项研究，到2050年实现净零排放(COP26会议设定的目标)可以通过数字孪生城市更快地实现。)”和第三段““They are the perfect tool for managing and speeding up the energy transformation,” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net zero globally by 2035.” (首席执行官Michael Jansen表示：“它们是管理和加快能源转型的完美工具。”。“到2035年，我们可以实现全球净零排放。”)”可推知，本文主要讲述了数字孪生城市如何帮助减少城市对气候变化的影响。D项“数字孪生城市可以减少地球上最大的污染源的影响”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。
（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）Parts of East Asia could see “rivers in the sky” form due to climate change, bringing record-breaking levels of rainfall with them, a new study has revealed.
The team, from the University of Tsukuba, Japan, have already seen clear signs of global warming hitting parts of the country, so they wanted to see how bad things could get. “It’s been becoming more and more clear that global warming means more than just warmer temperatures,” they wrote.
One particularly-damaging extreme weather event is an increase in rainfall to unexpected and unprecedented (前所未有的) levels, which can result in flooding. To help predict rainfall events, researchers looked to one of the causes — the interaction of atmospheric rivers with mountain ranges.
“As the name suggests, atmospheric rivers are long, narrow bands of concentrated water vapour flowing through the atmosphere,” the team explained. “When one of these bands meets a barrier, such as a mountain range, it can produce extreme levels of rainfall or snowfall.”
Parts of East Asia have been subjected to (遭受) an increasing number of damaging, extreme weather events over the past decade.
To understand the impact, the team used high-resolution global atmospheric circulations model simulations (模拟) that virtually re-create the conditions in the atmosphere. They then looked at other regional climate models, comparing simulations based on real, meteorological data (气象数据) from 1951 to 2010 to predictions for 2090.
Authors used the climate scenario that would result in 4℃ of warming, compared to preindustrial levels — which is significantly more than 2℃ target set as part of Paris Climate Agreement.
First author, Professor Yoichi Kamae, said that their simulations predict strengthened water vapour transport, as well as increased rainfall at unprecedented levels. In simulations the greatest amounts of atmospheric river-related rainfall occurred on the southern and western slopes of mountains in East Asia, including in Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China. They had to limit the study to East Asia due to computer time and processing limitations, but predict it would apply to other regions around the world.
33．What’s the possible consequence of the global warming
A．It contributes to polluted air.
B．It leads to hot and rainy climate.
C．It only results in the rise of temperature.
D．It causes the destruction of more species.
34．The author wrote Paragraph 4 to ________.
A．describe the new study
B．introduce atmospheric rivers
C．analyze the cause of rainfall
D．warn people of global warming
35．How is the research carried to know the effect
A．By comparison. B．By discussion.
C．By examples. D．By explanation
36．What’s the attitude of Professor Yoichi Kamae toward their simulations
A．They are risky. B．They are valueless.
C．They are perfect. D．They are convincing.
【答案】33．B 34．C 35．A 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究显示，由于气候变化，东亚部分地区可能会出现“天空中的河流”，带来破纪录的降雨量。
33．细节理解题。由第二段中“It’s been becoming more and more clear that global warming means more than just warmer temperatures (越来越清楚的是，全球变暖不仅仅意味着气温升高)”和第三段中“One particularly-damaging extreme weather event is an increase in rainfall to unexpected and unprecedented (前所未有的) levels, which can result in flooding. (一个特别具有破坏性的极端天气事件是降雨量增加到前所未有的水平，这可能导致洪水)”可知，全球变暖的可能后果是气候炎热多雨。故选B项。
34．推理判断题。由第四段““As the name suggests, atmospheric rivers are long, narrow bands of concentrated water vapour flowing through the atmosphere,” the team explained. “When one of these bands meets a barrier, such as a mountain range, it can produce extreme levels of rainfall or snowfall.”(该团队解释道：“顾名思义，大气河流是流经大气的细长的浓缩水蒸气带。”“当其中一条带遇到山脉等障碍物时，可能会产生极端程度的降雨或降雪。”)”可知，第四段主要讲降雨产生的原因，可得出作者写第四段是为了分析降雨的原因。故选C项。
35．细节理解题。由倒数第三段中“They then looked at other regional climate models, comparing simulations based on real, meteorological data (气象数据) from 1951 to 2010 to predictions for 2090. (然后，他们研究了其他区域气候模型，将1951年至2010年基于真实气象数据的模拟与2090年的预测进行了比较)”和倒数第二段“Authors used the climate scenario that would result in 4℃ of warming, compared to preindustrial levels — which is significantly more than 2℃ target set as part of Paris Climate Agreement. (研究发起人使用了与工业化前水平相比将导致4摄氏度变暖的气候情景——这大大高于《巴黎气候协定》设定的2摄氏度目标)”可知，研究通过比较来了解研究结果。故选A项。
36．推理判断题。由最后一段中“They had to limit the study to East Asia due to computer time and processing limitations, but predict it would apply to other regions around the world. (由于计算机时间和处理的限制，他们不得不将这项研究限制在东亚，但预测它将适用于世界其他地区)”可知，Kamae Yoichi教授认为他们的模拟将适用于世界其他地区，可得出Kamae Yoichi教授认为他们的模拟令人信服。故选D项。
（2024·河北·模拟预测）You might want to think twice before going to the movies on date night. A new study reveals why.
The UK-based Betway Casino conducted a scientific experiment to determine how much bacteria can be found at movie theaters. Betway swabbed (擦拭) five seats and five cup-holders in five theaters across the United Kingdom and sent these off for testing at a microbiology laboratory. Betway also swabbed and tested three toilet seats for comparison. The average number of bacteria colonies for movie theater seats, cup holders, and toilet seats was then calculated.
The research indicates a shocking presence of 1,864 bacteria colonies on an average movie theater seat, dwarfing (使渺小) the 135 colonies typically found on toilet seats by 14 times. This suggests that the nearly 7.3 billion tickets expected to be sold in movie theaters worldwide in 2024 could contribute to an environment ripe for bacteria growth. Meanwhile, the variation in cleanliness among different theaters and seat materials was noted, with the dirtiest seat harboring up to 3,000 colonies and the cleanest at just 80. Perhaps more shocking is the discovery that cinema cup holders contain an average of 2,396 bacteria colonies. This figure represents 18 times more bacteria than found on a standard toilet seat.
Betway offers practical advice to ensure movie enthusiasts can continue enjoying their outings without taking home unwanted microbial (微生物的) gifts kept as reminders of the outings. Recommendations include washing hands immediately after returning home, and changing clothes to avoid spreading bacteria to furniture. While the cinematic world offers a gateway to unique storytelling and entertainment, it also exposes moviegoers to a hidden microbial universe. By adopting simple practices, moviegoers can minimize their risk and focus on the magic of the movies, free from concern over the bacteria sharing their seats.
37．What does paragraph 2 focus on regarding the experiment
A．Its reason. B．Its process. C．Its limitation. D．Its application.
38．How does the author present Betway’s findings
A．By giving examples. B．By stating an argument.
C．By making comparisons. D．By describing a prediction.
39．What is the author’s tone when talking about Betway’s advice
A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Dismissive. D．Humorous.
40．What is the best title for the text
A．Movie Theater Seats Covered by Many Bacteria
B．Setting up Theaters’ Standards of Cleanliness
C．Species of Bacteria Colonies in Theaters
D．Staying Away from Movie Theater Seats
【答案】37．B 38．C 39．D 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究表明电影院座位和杯托上存在的细菌数量非常多，进而提出了观众在观影后应采取的卫生建议。
37．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The UK-based Betway Casino conducted a scientific experiment to determine how much bacteria can be found at movie theaters. Betway swabbed (擦拭) five seats and five cup-holders in five theaters across the United Kingdom and sent these off for testing at a microbiology laboratory. Betway also swabbed and tested three toilet seats for comparison. The average number of bacteria colonies for movie theater seats, cup holders, and toilet seats was then calculated. (总部位于英国的Betway Casino进行了一项科学实验，以确定电影院内细菌的数量。Betway在英国的五家电影院内分别擦拭了五个座位和五个杯托，并将这些样本送到微生物实验室进行检测。为了进行比较，Betway还擦拭并测试了三个马桶座圈。随后，计算了电影院座位、杯托和马桶座圈上细菌菌落的平均数量)”可知，第二段主要介绍了实验是如何进行的，也就是介绍了实验的过程。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The research indicates a shocking presence of 1,864 bacteria colonies on an average movie theater seat, dwarfing (使渺小) the 135 colonies typically found on toilet seats by 14 times. This suggests that the nearly 7.3 billion tickets expected to be sold in movie theaters worldwide in 2024 could contribute to an environment ripe for bacteria growth. Meanwhile, the variation in cleanliness among different theaters and seat materials was noted, with the dirtiest seat harboring up to 3,000 colonies and the cleanest at just 80. Perhaps more shocking is the discovery that cinema cup holders contain an average of 2,396 bacteria colonies. This figure represents 18 times more bacteria than found on a standard toilet seat. (研究表明，电影院座位上平均有1864个细菌菌落，这是厕所座位上135个细菌菌落的14倍。这表明，到2024年，全球电影院预计将售出近73亿张电影票，这可能会为细菌的生长创造一个成熟的环境。与此同时，不同影院和座位材料的清洁度差异也被注意到了，最脏的座位上有多达3000个菌落，而最干净的座位上只有80个。也许更令人震惊的发现是，电影杯架平均含有2396个细菌菌落。这个数字比一个标准马桶座圈上发现的细菌多18倍。)”可知，在本段中，作者通过比较电影院座位、杯托和马桶座圈上的细菌菌落数量来呈现Betway的发现。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Betway offers practical advice to ensure movie enthusiasts can continue enjoying their outings without taking home unwanted microbial (微生物的) gifts kept as reminders of the outings.( Betway提供了一些实用的建议，以确保电影爱好者能够继续享受他们的外出活动，而不会把不想要的微生物带回家作为外出的纪念品)”可知，作者将“不想要的微生物”比作“外出的纪念品”。由此可知，作者在谈到Betway的建议时，语气中充满了幽默。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中“The research indicates a shocking presence of 1,864 bacteria colonies on an average movie theater seat, dwarfing (使渺小) the 135 colonies typically found on toilet seats by 14 times. (研究表明，电影院座位上平均有1864个细菌菌落，这是厕所座位上135个细菌菌落的14倍)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了Betway Casino进行的一项关于电影院座位和杯托上细菌数量的科学实验及其结果。文章通过列举具体数据和细菌菌落数量的比较，强调了电影院座位和杯托上细菌的存在及其对观众健康的潜在威胁。因此，文本的核心内容是关于电影院座位上的细菌问题，最佳标题应为选项A“Movie Theater Seats Covered by Many Bacteria (电影院座位布满细菌)”，它能够准确地概括文章的主题。故选A。《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题20阅读必背333个障碍词6+续写吸睛句型仿写6+说明文写作手法题
原卷版
(
阅读理解必背
333
个障碍词
背默（
6
）
)
251. register v.
252. regulate v.
253. regulation n.
254. relevant adj.
255. representative n.
256. reservation n.
257. resident n.
258. resolve vt. vi.
259. respective adj.
260. respectful adj.
261. resume v. n.
262. riddle n.
263. ridiculous adj.
264. routine n.
265. sacred adj.
266. sacrifice n. vt.
267. sample n.
268. skeptical adj.
269. scholarship n.
270. sculpture n.
271. sensitive adj.
272. sensitivity n.
273. session n. 议
274. shallow adj.
275. sheet n.
276. shipwreck n.
277. shortcoming n.
278. signature n.
279. significance n.
280. simplify vt.
281. snack n.
282. sneeze v.
283. souvenir n.
284. stimulate vt.
285. straightforward adj.
286. strategy n.
287. stretch v.
288. stuff n.
289. subjective adj.
290. submit v.
291. substance n.
292. substantial adj.
293. supervision n.
294. supreme adj.
295. surgery n.
296. suspension n.
297. sustain vt.
298. swear v.
299. sympathetically adv.
300. tackle vt.
301. temporary adj.暂时的，临时的
302. tension n.
303. territory n.
304. terminal adj.
305. theoretical adj.
306. thereafter adv.
307. tolerant adj.
308. tournament n.
309. transform vt.
310. transformation n.
311. transparent adj.
312. trash n.
313. tricky adj.
314. tunnel n.
315. unconscious adj.
316. underline vt.
317. underlying adj.
318. undertake v.
319. uneasy adj.
320. unique adj.
321. ultimately adv.
322. upgrade v.
323. vacant adj.
324. vague adj.
325. valid adj.
326. vanish v.
327. variation n.
328. violate v.
329. virtual adj.
330. weave v.
331. Wi Fi n.
332. wreck v. n.
333. wrinkle n.
(
读后续写吸睛句型仿写训练（
6
）
)
句型6：形容词 +as+主语+was，主语+谓语
【仿写1】Weak as Jane was, she picked up speed along the stream to find the way back.
虽然简很虚弱，但她加快了沿着溪流的速度，找到了回去的路。
【仿写2】Seemingly absent-minded and forgetful as she was, she never failed to demonstrate the beauty of life to her children, and endowed us with a fun-filled childhood and a never-drained passion to embrace life.
看似心不在焉、健忘的她，却始终向孩子们展示生活的美好，并赋予我们充满乐趣的童年和永不枯竭的拥抱生活的热情。
读后续写“高分句型+丰富情感”分类仿写
1.尽管他很疲惫，但他还是坚持完成了比赛。
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2.聪明如她，很快就解决了这个难题。
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3.尽管天气很冷，他还是决定去户外跑步。
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4.勇敢如他们，面对困难从不退缩。
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5.尽管他很年轻，但他已经掌握了多门外语。
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6.慷慨如她，总是愿意帮助那些需要帮助的人。
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7.尽管他很害羞，但他还是鼓起勇气向女孩表白了。
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8.热情如他，总是能够激发团队的士气。
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9.尽管她很忙碌，但她还是抽出时间陪伴家人。
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10耐心如他，在解决复杂问题时总是能够保持冷静。
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(
阅读理解
写作
手法
题
)
【名师点津】
1. 掌握高频写作手法：举例，对比，数据，做题留痕圈。
2. 比对四个选项，找到题干对应的段落句子，去伪存真。
3. 必要时学会运用排除法去排除干扰最后选择最佳答案。
【模拟精练】
（2024·浙江·二模）For want of a chip, the factory was lost. On May 18th Toyota became the latest carmaker forced to cut production in a global shortage of microchips, announcing it would stop work at two of its plants in Japan. Other car makers have also had to send workers home.
The pain is not limited to the car industry, for the shortage spans all sorts of chips, from the expensive, high-tech devices that power smartphones and data-centers to the simple sensors and micro-controllers that have become a vital commodity (商品). This chip drought is the result of the covid-19 pandemic interacting with an industry that is subject to cycles of boom and bust.
“The most important thing”, says Malcolm Penn, who runs a chip-industry consultancy, “is that shortages are a natural part of the industry.” Chipmaking is a good example of a “pork-cycle” business, named for the regular swings between under- and over-supply in pork markets. As with pigs, the supply of chips cannot quickly react to changes in demand. Capacity was tight even before the pandemic, says Mr Penn, pointing out that investment by chipmakers in factory equipment has been below its long-term average for many years.
The pandemic arrived at the worst possible time. After an early crash, demand in several fields boomed. Locked-down consumers bought laptops and other devices. Cloud-computing operators added servers to deal with the wave of home-workers. The car industry was particularly badly hit by a decision to cut orders early in the pandemic-demand for cars has since recovered. But the complexities of the production process mean it takes time to recover. “I can cancel my orders in an afternoon,” says Mr. Penn. “If I want to start them up again, that takes months--and that capacity is now busy serving other customers.”
But the pork cycle is turning once again. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, the world’s biggest chipmaker, plans to spend $30bn on new capacity this year. Two other giants, have also decided on further investment. That will bring relief to the wider economy, but not immediately. The boss of IBM said he thought the shortages might last for two years. And, says Mr Penn, when the drought eventually ends, chipmakers may find they face a familiar problem on a bigger scale: a capacity investment in response to serious shortages today could well mean a sizeable surplus (过剩) tomorrow.
1．How does the author illustrate the cyclical nature of chipmaking in paragraph 3
A．By referring to a quotation.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By drawing a conclusion.
D．By presenting an argument.
2．What may the investment mentioned in paragraph 5 eventually lead to
A．Improved supply chain stability.
B．Timely assistance to the business.
C．Economic growth in related sectors.
D．Possible future oversupply of chips.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Production capacity would recover soon.
B．A combination of reasons led to chip shortage.
C．An investment of S30bn was enough for the problem.
D．Toyota was the first carmaker to suspend production.
4．What might be the best title for the passage
A．Loading, please wait
B．Dying, please act
C．Calling, please respond
D．Over-supplying, please stop
（2024·宁夏银川·二模）From May to October in the southeastern US, five species of turtles, from loggerheads to Kemp’s ridley, crawl (爬行) ashore under the cover of night to lay their eggs on the very beach they were born. During this time, thousands of turtle-loving volunteers comb the shorelines looking for the turtles’ tracks as part of an ongoing effort to gather population data and protect the nests.
However, it’s not easy to detect turtle eggs as female turtles frequently make “false crawls”, climbing out of the water but returning without laying eggs. And since sea turtles disturb huge areas of sand to hide their nests from predators (捕食者), human monitors are often left guessing where the eggs are.
Now, a new study suggests man’s best friend can do it better. A smell-detecting dog named Dory found the location of sea turtle eggs more accurately than human volunteers, according to a recent study led by Rebekah Lindborg, a conservationist with Disney’s Animals, Science, and Environment division.
Lindborg teamed up with Pepe Peruyero, a dog behaviorist who has trained smell-detecting dogs for over 20 years. Peruyero selected a rescue dog named Dory, a two-year-old terrier mix found wandering along a Florida highway, as the project’s poster dog.
Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach, Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of “cloacal mucus”, a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler. Then, the team convinced the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to allow a friendly competition. During the peak nesting seasons, two groups went around a stretch of shoreline about five miles long in Vero Beach, Florida.
The terrier identified 560 sea turtle nests from three species, while people found only 256. Dory was also significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug, Lindborg reports. And while human volunteers couldn’t find the eggs in 14.8% of nests, Dory only failed to deliver 5.7% of the time. “Dory has a keen nose for turtles, and this could be a game changer,” said Lindborg.
5．How do female turtles make egg detection more difficult
A．They make misleading tracks in the sand.
B．They destroy their eggs deliberately.
C．They put their eggs in the water.
D．They build nests everywhere.
6．What is most helpful for Dory in finding turtle nests
A．The nature of digging.
B．The sense of competition.
C．The warning from its trainer.
D．The matter on a turtle’s newly laid eggs.
7．How is paragraph 6 mainly developed
A．By giving examples.
B．By describing courses.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By offering explanations.
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The kindness of a man who protects turtle nests.
B．A dog that can find turtle nests successfully.
C．The difficulty of building turtle nests.
D．A new discovery about turtle nests
（2024·湖北·二模）Neuroengineer Silvestro Micera develops advanced technological solutions to help people regain sensory and motor functions that have been lost due to injury events or neurological disorders. Until now, he has never before worked on strengthening the human body and cognition with the help of technology.
Now in a study published in Science Robotics, Micera and his team report on how diaphragm (隔膜) movement can be monitored for successful control of an extra arm, essentially augmenting a healthy individual with a third-robotic-arm.
For further exploration, the researchers first built a virtual environment to test a healthy user’s capacity to control a virtual arm using movement of his or her diaphragm. They found that diaphragm control does not interfere with actions like controlling one’s physiological (生理的) arms, one’s speech or gaze.
In this virtual reality setup, the user is equipped with a belt that measures diaphragm movement. Wearing a virtual reality headset, the user sees three arms: the right arm and hand, the left arm and hand, and a third arm between the two with a symmetric (对称), six-fingered hand.
In the virtual environment, the user is then hinted to reach out with either the left hand, the right hand, or in the middle with the symmetric hand. In the real environment, the user holds onto an exoskeleton (外骨骼) with both arms, which allows for control of the virtual left and right arms. Movement detected by the belt around the diaphragm is used for controlling the virtual middle, symmetric arm. The setup was tested on 61 healthy subjects (受试者) in over 150 sessions.
Previous studies regarding the control of robotic arms have been focused on helping the disabled. The latest Science Robotics study is a step beyond repairing the human body towards augmentation. “Our next step is to explore the use of more complex robotic devices using our various control strategies, to perform real-life tasks, both inside and outside of the laboratory. Only then will we be able to grasp the real potential of this approach,” concludes Micera.
9．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To show an evidence.
C．To summarize the general idea.
D．To offer some background.
10．What are the fourth and fifth paragraphs probably about
A．A virtual reality game.
B．A new medical device.
C．A new treatment method.
D．An experiment on animals.
11．How does the author support the theme of the text
A．By listing some related data.
B．By offering some examples.
C．By making some comparisons.
D．By describing research processes.
12．What is probably continued with the text
A．How to expand controllable robotic devices.
B．Where to find new and exciting opportunities.
C．How to further develop the robot market potential.
D．Why to balance inside and outside of the laboratory.
（2024·江苏·一模）
I grew up hearing that it is better to give than to receive, and the older I get, the more I aim to take this message to heart. Nevertheless, here I am, in the midst of the holiday season stressed out about gifts I have not yet purchased.
How did gift buying become an emotionally fraught chore (苦差事) For a moment, it’s easy to question if it’s worth it. But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.
“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness,” says Michael Norton, a psychologist at Harvard Business School. He has published several studies on the effects of giving.
In one experiment that included about 700 people, the researchers randomly assigned participants to make either a purchase for themselves, or for a stranger. Afterwards, the participants reported how happy they felt. Turns out, giving to others led to a significant happiness boost, whereas spending on oneself didn’t move the needle.
“If you take $5 out of your pocket today, the science really does show that spending $5 on yourself doesn’t do much for you,” Norton says. “But spending that $5 on somebody else is more likely to increase your happiness.”
Take a scarf. If you buy one for yourself, it’s just another thing you don’t necessarily need. But if you buy a scarf for someone else, “you’ve shown them that they’re important to you,” Norton says. Either way, it’s just a scarf. “But it can either be a throwaway object or something that enhances a relationship between two people,” he says.
So, there’s evidence that generosity promotes happiness, but the process of shopping, wrapping and schlepping (搬) gifts can be tiresome — or even extremely annoying considering all of our day- to -day demands and other holiday stressors.
Studies also show when people are given something they are more likely to give back. Reciprocity (互惠) is a foundation of good relationships and when we surround ourselves with generous people, we tend to feel the same. Feeling that spirit of giving and the connection it can bring is what the holidays are all about.
13．Why does the author mention his own experience in paragraph 1
A．To make a prediction. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To present a reason. D．To clarify a concept.
14．How does Norton illustrate his opinion in paragraphs 5 and 6
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comments. D．By telling personal experiences.
15．Why is preparing a gift sometimes an emotionally fraught chore
A．It’s difficult and expensive. B．It happens frequently.
C．It’s not valued by others. D．It requires much effort.
16．What can we learn about giving gifts from the text
A．It is not worth the effort.
B．It is a must to enhance a relationship.
C．It brings about emotional benefits.
D．It gains popularity during holidays.
（2024·江西鹰潭·二模）It has been 100 years since the first Chinese animated work created. The animators living a century ago probably had never imagined that Chinese animation could advance as rapidly as it is today. Since the industry’s start, China’s traditional culture has provided the nutrition the industry has needed to grow. Looking back over the past 100 years, we can discover many characters who were inspired by China’s rich cultural heritage like the Monkey king and Po the kung fu panda.
Back in 1922, an only one-minute-long animated advertising short for the Shu Zhedong Huawen Daziji made its debut. The work used primitive techniques, but became the forerunner of Chinese animation. Over the following decades, more popular Chinese folk stories were adapted into animated films by Chinese animators.
Chinese Generation Z tend to follow cultural traditions and fall in love with ethnic styles, and many find domestic animated series based on Chinese mythology and folklore more interesting than other genres.
The works of Shanghai Animation Film Studio are some outstanding examples of this. The studio established different styles based on folk stories, including water-and-ink animation, paper-cutting animation and puppetry animation. The classic works the studio produced stunned the world and inspired numerous animators overseas, especially in Japan. Japanese animator Osamu Tezuka once said he tasted a great deal from China’s water-and-ink animation.
More and more Chinese animated works have been entering overseas markets, expanding the influence of Chinese culture. According to related data, the total output value of Chinas animation industry surpassed $29.9 billion in 2020. Additionally, major Chinese streaming platforms aired over 60 animated series during the second half of 2021.
Chinese studios have also begun tapping into the huge demand for diverse cultural content on international streaming platforms. For example, the international streaming service Netflix bought the overseas broadcasting rights for the Chinese traditional animated series Scissor seven and other Chinese animation works.
17．What can traditional cultures do for animated works
A．By providing inspirations.
B．By presenting characters.
C．By narrating stories.
D．By describing background information.
18．Which of the following ones is the correct understanding of the underlined word “debut”
A．the result of making something boring.
B．the purpose of adapting something bad.
C．the first public appearance.
D．the success of creating something unexpected.
19．What was Japanese animator’ attitude to Chinese animation works
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Jealous. D．Approved.
20．What can we infer from the last two paraeraphs
A．Chinese animated works are the best way to circulate cultures.
B．Chinese animated works industry are on the promising track.
C．Chinese people are making more profits from animation-industry.
D．International streaming service Netflix is the most influential streaming platforms.
（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen (鲸须) whales, such as humpback and Rice whales, have two.
Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间).
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale, have nostrils that are farther apart than do those, such as humpback whales, that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.
21．What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs
A．They are adapted ones.
B．They are developed merely for smell.
C．They are not easy to detect.
D．They are fixed universally in numbers.
22．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton
A．The teeth that baleen whales have.
B．The smell that phytoplankton send.
C．The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
23．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4
A．By quoting a theory.
B．By using examples.
C．By making contrast.
D．By making inferences.
24．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph
A．The sense of smell.
B．The possibility to attract food.
C．The ability to locate food.
D．The ability to communicate.
（2024·山西晋中·模拟预测）The nature of compassion fatigue (同情疲劳) means that many working in traditional care-giving roles are likely to experience its symptoms. This includes first responders, medical professionals, social workers, journalists, and lawyers specializing in family law or criminal law.
Kelli Collins, a licensed family therapist, remarks “Think about muscle fatigue—if you work out too hard, your muscles might simply give out. In the same way, compassion fatigue means your ability to offer compassion to others is dramatically affected.”
Collins herself experienced compassion fatigue as a young therapist working in a community mental health setting, where she “had the strong desire to help” but quickly realized some things were out of her “rang of influence”. She felt herself becoming easily annoyed with loved ones, sleeping very little, and fantasizing about changing careers. It was an overwhelming time, during which she felt she was failing her clients.
“I thought that by giving endless compassion to my clients, I was ‘leaving it all on the field’. In fact, bearing the responsibility for my clients’ pain without consideration for my own needs and limits meant that I wasn’t a particularly effective therapist,” she says.
Lynne Hughes, who founded Comfort Zone in 1999 and now serves as CEO, lost both her parents as a child, experiencing first-hand the lack of resources and support for grieving children. Hughes expresses similar feelings about the challenge of compassion fatigue, stressing the importance of looking inward.
“Suffering from compassion fatigue does not mean you’re bad at helping or caring, it only means the scale between caring for others and caring for yourself is no longer balanced,” she says. “When you’re in a role where you’re nurturing and caring for others — it’s crucial to extend that nurture and care to yourself so that ‘your well’ does not run dry.”
But both Hughes and Collins emphasize that it’s not only traditional caregivers who experience compassion fatigue. “It is applicable to anyone in a caring role,” says Hughes, while Collins believes it is a uniquely human condition, occupational or not.
25．Why does Collins mention the muscle fatigue
A．To describe she is in a bad mood.
B．To show she is eager to give a hand.
C．To suggest she has limited pity for others.
D．To explain she is much tired of her customers.
26．Which of the following do Hughes and Collins agree with
A．Care for yourself while caring for others.
B．Compassion fatigue has nothing to do with career.
C．Those with compassion fatigue are poor at helping.
D．Shy persons always tend to suffer compassion fatigue.
27．What does “your well” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A．Pity. B．Nurture. C．Symptoms. D．Occupation.
28．How does the author develop the text
A．By giving examples. B．By quoting arguments.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing reasons and causes.
（2024·江西宜春·一模）Cities, covering less than 2% of the Earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change, consuming almost 80% of the world’s energy and producing more than 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. Fortunately, net zero emissions (净零排放) by 2050, a target set at the COP26 conference, could be achieved faster using digital twins cities, according to a recent research.
Looking and behaving identically in their real-world physical environments, digital twins can help track, manage and reduce environmental damage rapidly. These replicas (复制品) link to networks of sensors that collect data from buildings, transport, air quality, and energy use, to see where emissions can be cut and efficiency improved. Similar technologies have been in use since NASA’s Apollo moon mission in 1969, where computers and machine replicas were used to test and monitor spacecraft.
Research shows that digital twins can save cities more than $ 280 billion globally by 2030 through more efficient urban planning. Digital twin provider Cityzenith believes that net zero deadlines could be achieved 15 years earlier if the world’s 100 biggest cities use the technology to decarbonize. “They are the perfect tool for managing and speeding up the energy transformation,” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net zero globally by 2035.”
Over the past decades, big tech companies around the world, including GE Digital and Siemens, have developed software for replicating cities, including a district of Berlin, the island nation of Singapore, and the entire city of Shanghai in China. In the US, the Digital Twin Consortium is working to standardize how digital twins are built and share data. Technology company MX3D built the world’s first 3D-printed stainless steel bridge and co-created its digital twin. CEO Gijs van der Velden believes twins will give us precise control over the built environment.
Recently, OpenAI also made advances in this field. On February 15, the company revealed its latest groundbreaking tech—Sora to the world. Sora is a text-to-video generative AI model. It can generate videos that matches the text prompt (文本提示) given to it in a few seconds. Experts believe Sora is likely to be applied in science and national defence in the future.
29．How does the author show the impact of cities on climate change
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By comparing opinions. D．By quoting research findings.
30．What’s Michael Jansen’s attitude towards digital twins
A．Approving. B．Opposed. C．Unconcerned. D．Objective.
31．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．Sora has been used in scientific research and military.
B．Gijs van der Velden has little faith in digital twins’ future.
C．Digital twins technology is developing rapidly around the world.
D．Few tech companies are involved in the study of replicating cities.
32．Which is the best title of this passage
A．Net Zero Emissions Could Be Hit 15 Years Earlier
B．Cityzenith Is Working on Promoting Digital Twin Cities
C．Big Cities Are to Blame for the Severe Environment Pollution
D．Digital Twin Cities Can Reduce the Impact of Planet’s Largest Polluters
（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）Parts of East Asia could see “rivers in the sky” form due to climate change, bringing record-breaking levels of rainfall with them, a new study has revealed.
The team, from the University of Tsukuba, Japan, have already seen clear signs of global warming hitting parts of the country, so they wanted to see how bad things could get. “It’s been becoming more and more clear that global warming means more than just warmer temperatures,” they wrote.
One particularly-damaging extreme weather event is an increase in rainfall to unexpected and unprecedented (前所未有的) levels, which can result in flooding. To help predict rainfall events, researchers looked to one of the causes — the interaction of atmospheric rivers with mountain ranges.
“As the name suggests, atmospheric rivers are long, narrow bands of concentrated water vapour flowing through the atmosphere,” the team explained. “When one of these bands meets a barrier, such as a mountain range, it can produce extreme levels of rainfall or snowfall.”
Parts of East Asia have been subjected to (遭受) an increasing number of damaging, extreme weather events over the past decade.
To understand the impact, the team used high-resolution global atmospheric circulations model simulations (模拟) that virtually re-create the conditions in the atmosphere. They then looked at other regional climate models, comparing simulations based on real, meteorological data (气象数据) from 1951 to 2010 to predictions for 2090.
Authors used the climate scenario that would result in 4℃ of warming, compared to preindustrial levels — which is significantly more than 2℃ target set as part of Paris Climate Agreement.
First author, Professor Yoichi Kamae, said that their simulations predict strengthened water vapour transport, as well as increased rainfall at unprecedented levels. In simulations the greatest amounts of atmospheric river-related rainfall occurred on the southern and western slopes of mountains in East Asia, including in Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China. They had to limit the study to East Asia due to computer time and processing limitations, but predict it would apply to other regions around the world.
33．What’s the possible consequence of the global warming
A．It contributes to polluted air.
B．It leads to hot and rainy climate.
C．It only results in the rise of temperature.
D．It causes the destruction of more species.
34．The author wrote Paragraph 4 to ________.
A．describe the new study
B．introduce atmospheric rivers
C．analyze the cause of rainfall
D．warn people of global warming
35．How is the research carried to know the effect
A．By comparison. B．By discussion.
C．By examples. D．By explanation
36．What’s the attitude of Professor Yoichi Kamae toward their simulations
A．They are risky. B．They are valueless.
C．They are perfect. D．They are convincing.
（2024·河北·模拟预测）You might want to think twice before going to the movies on date night. A new study reveals why.
The UK-based Betway Casino conducted a scientific experiment to determine how much bacteria can be found at movie theaters. Betway swabbed (擦拭) five seats and five cup-holders in five theaters across the United Kingdom and sent these off for testing at a microbiology laboratory. Betway also swabbed and tested three toilet seats for comparison. The average number of bacteria colonies for movie theater seats, cup holders, and toilet seats was then calculated.
The research indicates a shocking presence of 1,864 bacteria colonies on an average movie theater seat, dwarfing (使渺小) the 135 colonies typically found on toilet seats by 14 times. This suggests that the nearly 7.3 billion tickets expected to be sold in movie theaters worldwide in 2024 could contribute to an environment ripe for bacteria growth. Meanwhile, the variation in cleanliness among different theaters and seat materials was noted, with the dirtiest seat harboring up to 3,000 colonies and the cleanest at just 80. Perhaps more shocking is the discovery that cinema cup holders contain an average of 2,396 bacteria colonies. This figure represents 18 times more bacteria than found on a standard toilet seat.
Betway offers practical advice to ensure movie enthusiasts can continue enjoying their outings without taking home unwanted microbial (微生物的) gifts kept as reminders of the outings. Recommendations include washing hands immediately after returning home, and changing clothes to avoid spreading bacteria to furniture. While the cinematic world offers a gateway to unique storytelling and entertainment, it also exposes moviegoers to a hidden microbial universe. By adopting simple practices, moviegoers can minimize their risk and focus on the magic of the movies, free from concern over the bacteria sharing their seats.
37．What does paragraph 2 focus on regarding the experiment
A．Its reason. B．Its process. C．Its limitation. D．Its application.
38．How does the author present Betway’s findings
A．By giving examples. B．By stating an argument.
C．By making comparisons. D．By describing a prediction.
39．What is the author’s tone when talking about Betway’s advice
A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Dismissive. D．Humorous.
40．What is the best title for the text
A．Movie Theater Seats Covered by Many Bacteria
B．Setting up Theaters’ Standards of Cleanliness
C．Species of Bacteria Colonies in Theaters
D．Staying Away from Movie Theater Seats
