(共54张PPT)
高考英语阅读理解
解题技巧之
猜测词义
考纲解读:词义猜测能力是英语高考阅读理解能力的主要组成部分,是必考题型,主要考查对文中关键词语的理解。
考查方式:
1.考查语法。
2.考查词汇。
考查数量:1-2题
年份 2022 全国甲卷 2022 全国乙卷 2022新高考I卷 2021 全国甲卷 2021 全国乙卷 2021新高考I卷 2020 全国 I卷 2020 全国II卷 2020
全国III卷
语法类
词 汇 单词 C篇29题 C篇29题 B篇25题 C篇29题 B篇26题 C篇30题
短语 C篇28题 C篇29题 B篇26题
考查语法:对阅读文章中的代词指代进行考查。如:
1.人称代词:I , you, she, it, they…
2.指示代词:this, that, these, those;
3.关系代词: who, which…等
2019年全国卷II
2017年全国卷I
2017年全国卷II)
考查词汇:
(1)单个词 (2)短语
特点:
(1)生词 (2)熟词生义
提问方式:
1.The word “…” refers to____.
2.The underlined phrase could be best replaced by_______.
3.Which of the following best explains “…” in the underlined sentence
4. By saying “…” , the writer means_______.
5.What does the expression “…” stand for
Solution(生词有道,勇于猜测)
No matter how difficult it is, there is always a solution.
Word guessing
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If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.
2018全国Ⅱ卷
【典例1】
【分析】观察发现juicer一词是由_______
加后缀____构成。可以预测它是一个_______。
加上后文语境的辅助……
Skill 1
juice
r
What is “a juicer” in the paragraph
A dessert. B. A drink.
C. A container. D. A machine.
air-conditioner
similar words built in this way:
heater container
cooker…
I was delighted at the presence of such a student. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.
2016全国Ⅱ卷
【典例2】
【分析】观察发现downside一词是由_______加______构成。加上文章语境的辅助……
down
side
What does the underlined word “downside”
probably mean?
A. Mistake. B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
opposite :
upside
运用_______法+ 是判断生词快速有效的途径之一。
【感悟 一】
构词
上下文语境的帮助
Tip1:根据构词法(词根、前缀、后缀的含义)猜测其构成的新词的意义。
常见的前缀和后缀有:super- 超 mini-极小的,
微小的 micro-极微小的 re-再,反复 mis-误,恶
im- 不 un-不,非,无 in-不,非 non- 不,非
-able 能……的 -less 不,无 -wards (向)
(Make full use of the word formation & context. )
①The unconditional love from my mother always encourages me to study hard. ( )
A.条件好的 B. 无条件的
C. 条件性的 D. 条件差的
② All households must have a bin for the nonrecyclable waste. ( )
A.not able to be recycled B. not recycle
C. to be wasted D. to be recycled
un+condition+al
non+recycle+able
即学即用
【典例1 】2013全国新课标Ⅱ卷
The Exotic(异国的) Series-with Sichuan pepper, red bean, cheese and other flavors also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from…
Skill 2
【分析】chocolate snobs后紧跟_________对
其加以______.所以推测…
定语从句
修饰
The words “chocolate snobs” in Para3 probably refer to people who_____________
A. are particular about chocolate
B. know little about cocoa beans
C. look down upon others
D. like to try new flavors
The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing.
【典例 2】
【分析】 stethoscope后紧跟_______,对其加以______。所以推测生词意思为_______.
解释
金榜学案一轮复习题
同位语
扩展:telescope microscope
听诊器
【感悟 二】
有些文章,特别是科技文,出现概念性生词后,作者会通过____________、___________给它下定义。甚至标点符号,如冒号、破折号等都表示后文要一些继续解释说明前文。
Make use of definition and explanation.
定语从句
同位语
Tip2:利用定义法/同义法推断出生词的语义。
① It will be very hard but very brittle—that is, it will break easily. ( )
A.hard to believe B. easy to do
C. easy to break D. hard to break
② The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ( )
A.牧羊人 B. 猎人 C. 牧羊犬 D. 猎物
即学即用
【典例 1】广东卷
Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Skill 3
【分析】unlike 一词说明上下文是______关系。
对比
领导能力不是“swallowed down”,而是……
The underlined word “cultivated” roughly means _________ .
A. Encouraged B. Compared
C. Examined D. Developed
Eg.My school cultivates many talents for society every year.
I cultivated my interest in music during childhood.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant
customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how
much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate
more than everyone else, but were none the wiser
— they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready
for dessert.
【典例 2】 2018年江苏卷
【分析】注意文中的两个信息点____&______
所以推测……
The underlined phrase”none the wiser“
probably implies that the customers were______
A. not aware of eating more than usual
B. not willing to share food with others
C. not conscious of the food quality
D. not fond of the food provided
作者为了增强表达效果,会用有意义转折的词,短语。如:unlike,although,but,yet,while,on the contrary,on the other hand,instead of,rather than等与上文形成鲜明的对比。这时我们可以通过 , 推出生词的含义。
【感悟 三】
前后对比
语义转折
Tip3:利用Contrast (对比法)文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词(组)猜测词义。
① Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented. ( )
dislike B. disagree
C. increase D. decrease
② She is usually prompt for school, but today she was late. ( )
A.on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
即学即用
“But,” began Kim,“I feel that since you are my superior(上级),it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”
【典例 1】上海卷
Skill 4
【分析】 在Kim看来,因为对方是自己的上司,所以告诉上司去做什么,会显得……
The word “presumptuous” in the passage is the closest in meaning to “_______”.
A. full of respect
B. too confident and rude
C. lacking in experience
D. too shy and quiet
【典例 2】(2016年全国Ⅲ卷)
…you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect
soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple
lovers who fall for it.
【分析】由so可知前后是_______关系。
因果
因为你需要在…地方才可以种植它, 所以对于大多数苹果爱好者这是一个…
What does the underlined phrase “a pipe
dream” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. A practical idea.
B. A vain hope.
C. A brilliant plan.
D. A selfish desire
如果文中围绕生词出现了because,since, so,therefore,so that,so/such...that...等信息词,可以联系事物的前因后果进行解题。
【感悟四】
Tip4:利用因果关系法,联系上下文的提示来猜测词
The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.
In paragraph 2, “a roof over their heads” most probably means
a cap B. a car C. a home D. a covering
即学即用
Solution(生词有道,勇于猜测)
Word guessing
No matter how difficult it is, there is always a solution.
构词法
定义法/同义法
前后对比法
因果关系法
Theory
goes into
Practice!
1.2019年全国卷
上下文语境法+构词法
heart +string 心弦
(直)拨动心弦,(意)动之以情
2. 2021年全国乙卷
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline (座机), a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
25 What does the underlined word “concede” in
paragraph 3 mean
点拨 破折号后的内容是对前文内容的进一步解释,由破折号后内容可知,在仍使用座机的澳大利亚人中,19%的人表示他们从未使用过座机,另有13%的人保留座机以防紧急情况,由此可推断,破折号前内容应表达有三分之一的人“承认”座机并不是真的有必要。
上下文语境+定义法
3. 2020年全国Ⅱ卷
The fur trade kept nutria (海狸鼠) in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed
in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
A. Boomed. B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in
paragraph 5 probably mean
上下文语境+对比法
4. 2020年全国Ⅲ卷
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In
fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part II” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
A. Listing completely.
B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully.
D. Watching carefully.
26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs
on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
点拨:根据画线词前which引导的定语从句可知,这一非营利性组织的职能是监督动物在电影拍摄等娱乐节目制作的过程中是如何被对待的。故可推断,画线部分意为“密切注意”。
上下文语境+同义法
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
5. 2016年全国Ⅲ卷
30. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.
C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
点拨:画线词所在句句意为“Orleans Reinette是食用质量最优良的品种之一,但它需要一个温暖又隐蔽的环境,且要在良好的土壤中种植,因此对大多数喜爱它的苹果爱好者来说,它只是a pipe dream。(白日梦)”
上下文语境+因果关系法
1. 定义法
2.对比法
3.构词法
4.因果关系法
解题方法
Summary:阅读理解猜词义
总结:英语词义猜测秘笈
定义释义读仔细,词根词缀需牢记。
上下左右找玄机,语境因果谨分析。
对比反义要推敲,同义同等利用好。
熟练掌握灵活妙,多多练习最重要。
标点举例不可少,经验常识装头脑。
More practice makes perfect!
2022全国甲卷C篇
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
2022全国甲卷C篇
...Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
2021全国甲卷C篇
29.What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!" probably mean
be careful! B. Well done!
C. No way! D. Don't worry.
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded
with objects. Why do we often assume that more is
more when it comes to kids and their belongings
The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph
1 probably mean
A. The more, the better.
B. Enough is enough.
C. More money, more worries.越多钱,越忧虑
D. Earn more and spend more.
越多越好
适而可止
赚得越多,花得越多
2018年全国Ⅲ卷
2021年新高考Ⅰ卷
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate”
mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
Studying is a HAPPY process!
Try your best and enjoy the challenge of the exam!
高考就是高效的备考,
高兴地去考!
Thanks for your attention!