2024届高考英语核心词汇20个精讲精练（3）学案（含答案）

高考核心词汇20个精讲精练（3）
1.benefit
2.beyond
3.blame
4.board
5.blank
6.break
7.bring
8.calm
9.care
10.carry
11.case
12.catch
13.cause
14.chance
15.change
16.character
17.charge
18.choose & select & elect
bine
mit
benefit
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. （北京2021）____________________
2. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. （2021年全国乙卷） ____________________
3. The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源). （北京2019）____________________
Key:
1. 音乐对心理健康的益处
2. 对当地的发展有益
3. 从大学受益最多的学生

beyond
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond. （2021年全国甲卷）____________________
2. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. （2021年全国甲卷）____________________
3. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records. （2021年新高考全国卷I）____________________
Key:
1. 英国各个地区及世界各地
2. 不仅仅局限于一个人
3. 除了听我最喜欢的唱片外

blame
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. My brother said, “When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself.” （天津2021） ____________________
2. It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada. （2021年全国甲卷）____________________
3. Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. （2017年全国卷III） ____________________
Key:
1. 别责怪你自己
2. 至少理应负部分责任
3. 把责任归咎于闹钟

board
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. （2021年全国甲卷）____________________
2. All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. （2020年全国卷I）____________________
Key:
1. 在他们的滑板上
2. 上车之前

blank
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. （浙江2020）__________ __________
2. It had also given me a choice, either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope. （江苏2018）__________ __________
Key:
1. adj. 空的
2. adj. 空白的
break短语
【即学即练】用break短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. Jones' idea has been fully realized — the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help ______________ the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. （天津2020）
2. On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened _______________. （天津2019）
3. ____________________ firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. （江苏2017）
Key:
1. break down
2. at break
3. Breaking up

bring短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back. （北京2021） ____________________
2. Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). （2021年新高考全国卷II） ____________________
3. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria (海狸鼠). （2020年全国卷II）____________________
Key:
1. 提出问题
2. 掀起
3. 恢复

calm
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. （2021年新高考全国卷II） __________ __________
2. Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. （北京2021）__________ __________
3. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. （天津2020）__________ __________
Key:
1. adj. 镇静的
2. v. 使平静下来
3. n. 平静

care
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. （2021年新高考全国卷I）____________________
2. Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy to care for and make great presents. （2020年全国卷II）____________________
Key:
1. 管理
2. 照料

carry短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. （北京2019） ____________________
2. Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date — sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. （2019年全国卷I）____________________
3. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education. （2017年全国卷III）____________________
Key:
1. 实施
2. 持续到以后的岁月
3. 继续她的教育
case
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. （2021年全国乙卷）____________________
2. Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. （2021年新高考全国卷I）____________________
3. It's a good idea to choose an alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.（天津2021）____________________
4. The daily number of newly cured and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases. （江苏2020）____________________
Key:
1. 以防遇到紧急情况
2. 在某些情况下
3. 以防
4. 最新确诊病例
catch
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. The idea is catching on quickly. There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. （天津2020） ____________________
2. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response （2020年全国卷I）____________________
3. If we had caught the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. （天津2018） ____________________
Key:
1. 这个理念很快便流行起来
2. 与其陷入自己本可以做得更好的纠结之中
3. 如果我们昨天赶上了飞机
cause
【即学即练】匹配下列各句中画线部分单词与其词性及中文释义。
Key:
1-3 cab
chance
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. （北京2021） __________ __________
2. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. （2020年全国卷III） __________ __________
3. I don't know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. （天津2020） __________ __________
4. She calculated that going to a stranger's house was a risky move, but she decided to take the chance. （天津2019） __________ __________
Key:
1. n. 可能性
2. n. 机会
3. v. 碰巧
4. n. 冒险
change
【即学即练】
I. 用change的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily __________. （2018年全国卷I）
2. Human beings will continue to adapt to the __________ climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. （江苏2017）
II. 翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” （2021年全国甲卷）____________________
2. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. （北京2021）____________________
Key:
I.
1. changeable
2. changing
II.
1. 改变世界
2. 反映季节的变更
character
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的中文释义。
1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills”. （2021年新高考全国卷I） __________
2. Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme.（浙江2020）__________
Key:
1. 性格
2. 角色

charge
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn't charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room. （2021年新高考全国卷I） ____________________
2. “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.” （2019年全国卷II） ____________________
3. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. （2018年全国卷III） ____________________
Key:
1. 它不收城市税
2. 精力充沛地重返工作岗位
3. 向我猛冲过来

choose & select & elect
【即学即练】用括号内单词的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. If __________ (select), you will be contacted by a manager. （北京2021）
2. A successful swap depends on the __________ (select) of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. （2021年全国甲卷）
3. After Lincoln __________ (elect) President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and sold most of their furniture. （浙江2021）
4. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last __________ (choose) was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC). （北京2021）
Key:
1. selected
2. selection
3. was elected
4. choice

combine
【即学即练】用combine的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a(n) __________ of artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. （江苏2019）
2. When __________ with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. （2018年全国卷II）
Key:
1. combination
2. combined

commit
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.（天津2019） ____________________
2. The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.（天津2017）____________________
3. But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.（江苏2017）____________________
Key:
1. 奉献
2. 最令人尴尬的电子邮件错误通常是在愤怒时犯下的
3. 全身心地练习