2024届高考英语阅读长难句简单句状语结构魔法讲解 讲义
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高考英语阅读长难句简单句状语结构魔法讲解 讲义 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 19.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-05 21:32:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
高考英语阅读长难句简单句状语结构识别与处理
状语的作用和识别:在句子中修饰和限定动词和形容词,有时候修饰整个句子。
对状语的识别
在句子中能够充当状语的词和结构包括:
①副词
Jackson is admittedly dependable and reliable.
杰克逊确实值得信赖和可靠。
②现在分词短语
伴随状语
Being suggested to talk less, Mary calms down and bottom up her mouth while we talk.
要是叫她少说点，当我们说话的时候，玛丽就会保持沉默。
让步状语
(Though) working hard, he didn’t get the scholarship and the good mark.
虽然他很努力，但他没有获得奖学金和好成绩。
条件状语
Working very hard and take a good rest, you will succeed.
努力工作，好好休息，你会成功的。
原因状语
Being taken good care of , she got healthy.
她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。
时间状语
Being given an opportunity, she took advantage of it at once.
给了她这个机会，她立刻抓住。
方式状语
They went to the nature park, dancing and singing.
他们去了自然公园，又跳又唱。
结果状语
The boy dropped the whole cup, breaking it into small pieces.
男孩把整个杯子掉在地上，摔成了小碎片。
③过去分词短语
时间状语相当于when,while,until引导时间状语从句，使时间意义更加明确
Seen from the summit of a mountain, the city looks more beautiful and wonderful
=when the city is seen from the summit of a mountain, it looks more beautiful and wonderful
=when seen from the summit of a mountain, the city looks more beautiful and wonderful.
从山顶上看，这个城市显得更加美丽和奇妙
原因状语相当于原因状语从句
Been contended with what I did for the class,my teacher singled out me for a special praise.
= Because my teacher was contended with what I did for the class, he singled out me for a special praise.
由于对我为班级所做的事感到很满意，我的老师特别表扬了我。
作条件状语相当于条件状语从句
Grown in the fertile soil, these seeds can grow fast and begin to produce flowers and fruits.
=if they are grown in the fertile soil, these seeds can grow fast and begin to produce flowers and fruits.
如果这些种子在肥沃的土壤中生长，这些种子可以快速生长，并开始开花结果。
作让步状语相当于让步状语从句
Mortally wounded, the courageous soldiers constantly fight to search for the being confined in the ruins.
=though they were mortally wounded, the courageous soldiers constantly fight to search for the being confined in the ruins.
勇敢的士兵们身负重伤，不断地为寻找被困在废墟中的生命而战斗。
④动词不定式短语
To do +名词
作目的状语
He ran so fast as to catch up with the first subway.
他跑得飞快以便能赶上首班车。
作结果状语
He searched for the house thoroughly only to find nothing.
他满屋子找，却一无所获。
作原因状语
I'm happy and glad to see you.
我很高兴见到你
⑤介词短语
介词+名词
⑥独立主格结构
在过去分词短语或者现在分词短语前添加上一个单独的名词
对状语的处理
从上面的例子中可以发现英语中状语的位置是不固定的,所以在解析句子的时候一般情况下都是将状语从整个句子中剥离出来。尤其是在下面的例子中如果不剥离状语将对整个句子的理解产生很大的障碍。
They remain resolutely with a certain faith the principle of this school.
他们坚定地支持这个学派的原则。
这个句子中 remain和with并不是动词和介词的搭配,with a certain faith是状语remain的宾语是the principle of this school。
这样的结构在高考英语阅读长难句的翻译中特别普遍,在这里用一个结构提取出来讲解,希望同学们一定要重点掌握和理解:
动词+介词+名词1+名词2
如果遇到这样的结构可以得出结论:“介词+名词1”作状语,“动词+名词2”是动宾搭配。这样的结构还可以推广为:
动词+介词1+名词1+介词2+名词2+名词3
在这里“动词+名词3”是动宾搭配,“介词1+名词1+介词2+名词2”为状语;也就是说:动词+介词+名词……+名词n+名词n+1;只要有两个名词连续放在一起就要小心,因为在动词和宾语之间放上了一个状语。
高考英语阅读长难句真题演练
【出自2023年高考英语甲卷第三篇阅读】
1.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche
句子分析:
主句：the end result is a read
从句-which引导定语从句修饰a read：in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche
翻译：读书的最终结果是，我们学会像苏格拉底那样思考，像梭罗那样观察，像叔本华那样倾听，像尼采那样无怨无悔
【出自2023年高考英语甲卷第三篇阅读】
2.This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
句子分析：
主句：this is a book...
定语从句/比较状语：(which is) more than a book about understanding philosophy
翻译：这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。
【出自2023年高考英语甲卷第三篇阅读】
3.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.
句子分析：
主句：the Socrates express is a fun, sharp book
that引导定语从句：that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.
翻译：《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以表面上的简单吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。
高考英语阅读逐句分析
1.In the 1950s and 60s, scientists around the world launched many creatures into space.
句子分析：around the world 作定语修饰scientist
翻译：在20世纪50年代和60年代，世界各地的科学家向太空发射了许多生物。
词汇解析：
①launch into 积极投入或者参与;发射
That would bump the shuttle launch into April.
这会将发现号的发射日期推迟到四月。
②creatures 生物；动物
The panda is a shy creature.
熊猫是一种胆小的动物。
The idea was to calculate the effects of spaceflight on living creatures in the hopes that humans could follow.
句子分析：that引导定语从句修饰hopes
这个想法是为了计算太空飞行对生物的影响，希望人类也能效仿。
3.The Soviet Union sent a stray Moscow dog named Laika into space, and subsequently, it was honored as a national hero.
句子分析：named laika非谓语动词作定语修饰dog
翻译：苏联将一只名叫莱卡的莫斯科流浪狗送入太空，随后，它被誉为民族英雄。
4.Ham the chimpanzee was famously buried at the International Space Hall of Fame in New Mexico following his contributions to the U. S. space program.
黑猩猩哈姆因其对美国太空计划的贡献而被安葬在新墨西哥州的国际太空名人堂
And then there was France, which sent the first and so far only cat into space.
句子分析：which引导定语从句修饰France
翻译：然后是法国，它将第一只也是迄今为止唯一一只猫送入了太空。
So, who was this hero cat, anyway
那么，这只英雄猫到底是谁
6.Félicette was one of 14 cats cited to the French space program.
fassimlicette是法国太空计划引用的14只猫之一。
7.Each cat had electrodes implanted into their brain, and all were subjected to many of the same activities included in human astronaut training.
句子分析：过去分词implanted作定语修饰electrodes;过去分词included作定语修饰activities
翻译：每只猫的大脑中都植入了电极，所有猫都要接受许多与人类宇航员训练相同的活动。
词汇解析：
①electrode 电极
Metals are opaque, so the other electrode must be transparent.
金属是不透明的，因此另一个电极必须是透明的。
②implant 植入
The implant is not a complete artificial eye.
这个植入体并不是一个完整的人工眼睛。
French scientists decided to use cats as they already had a lot of neurological data on them.
句子分析：as引导时间状语从句
翻译：.法国科学家决定用猫做实验，因为他们已经有了很多关于猫的神经学数据。
9.At the conclusion of training, the petite tuxedo Félicette got the green light.
训练结束后，穿着小燕尾服的fastliette获得了批准。
10.On Oct. 18, 1963, Félicette, was strapped into a Véronique rocket and blasted from Algeria to nearly 100 miles above Earth.
1963年10月18日，fsamicette被绑在vsamiconique火箭上，从阿尔及利亚发射到离地球近100英里的地方。
词汇解析：
①strap 捆绑
Nancy gripped the strap of her beach bag.
南希抓住自己海滩休闲包的带子。
②blast 爆炸
The blast caused several buildings to catch fire.
爆炸导致了几个建筑物起火。
She experienced about five minutes of weightlessness followed by the terror of a turbulent, spinning descent via parachute.
句子分析：spinning作伴随状语修饰整个句子
翻译：她经历了大约五分钟的失重状态，随后是通过降落伞降落的湍流旋转的恐惧。
Just 15 minutes later, the flight was complete.
仅仅15分钟后，飞行就完成了发射
A helicopter crew dashed to the landing site, threw open the cabin, and found Félicette alive and well.
一架直升机机组人员冲到降落地点，打开机舱，发现fastliette还活着，状况良好。
Two months later, scientists rewarded her heroism with euthanasia (安乐死)—they wanted to examine her body.
句子分析：破折号后接同位语补充修饰euthanasia
翻译：两个月后，科学家们用安乐死来奖励她的英勇行为(安乐死)——他们想检查她的身体。
Then, Félicette was all but forgotten.
然后，fassimlicette几乎被遗忘了。
So forgotten that in the 90s, when three former French colonies celebrated her story by issuing stamps with the cat’s likeness, they mistakenly turned her into a boy by using the wrong name-Felix.
句子分析：when引导时间状语从句；过去分词forgotten作状语修饰they
翻译：在90年代，当三个前法国殖民地发行印有这只猫的肖像的邮票来纪念她的故事时，他们错误地把她变成了一个男孩，用了错误的名字——菲利克斯。
17.But thanks to Londoner Matt Guy who came across the tale of Félicette that she wasn’t already properly recognized for her accomplishments, the story’s finally been set straight.
句子分析：who引导定语从句修饰guy ;that引导同位语从句
翻译：但多亏了伦敦人马特·盖伊(Matt Guy)，他发现了fsamicette的故事，她的成就并没有得到适当的认可，这个故事终于得到了澄清。
词汇解析：
①come across 给人留下印象
I hoped she'd come across with some more information.
我希望她能再提供更多的信息。
②set straight 纠正
18.So I want to set the record straight on two things. The first is that some of my favorite technologies are ones that take choices away from people.
因此在这里我想纠正两个观念：第一，我最喜欢的一些技术是使人们减少选择的技术。
19. His online pleas netted around $57,000enough to fund a 5-foot tall bronze statue.
他在网上的募捐筹集了大约57,000美元，足够建造一座5英尺高的铜像。
20.On Dec. 18, 2019, the statue was finally unveiled at the International Space University in Strasbourg, France.
2019年12月18日，这座雕像终于在法国斯特拉斯堡国际空间大学揭幕。
状语的作用和识别:在句子中修饰和限定动词和形容词,有时候修饰整个句子。
对状语的识别
在句子中能够充当状语的词和结构包括:
①副词
Jackson is admittedly dependable and reliable.
杰克逊确实值得信赖和可靠。
②现在分词短语
伴随状语
Being suggested to talk less, Mary calms down and bottom up her mouth while we talk.
要是叫她少说点，当我们说话的时候，玛丽就会保持沉默。
让步状语
(Though) working hard, he didn’t get the scholarship and the good mark.
虽然他很努力，但他没有获得奖学金和好成绩。
条件状语
Working very hard and take a good rest, you will succeed.
努力工作，好好休息，你会成功的。
原因状语
Being taken good care of , she got healthy.
她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。
时间状语
Being given an opportunity, she took advantage of it at once.
给了她这个机会，她立刻抓住。
方式状语
They went to the nature park, dancing and singing.
他们去了自然公园，又跳又唱。
结果状语
The boy dropped the whole cup, breaking it into small pieces.
男孩把整个杯子掉在地上，摔成了小碎片。
③过去分词短语
时间状语相当于when,while,until引导时间状语从句，使时间意义更加明确
Seen from the summit of a mountain, the city looks more beautiful and wonderful
=when the city is seen from the summit of a mountain, it looks more beautiful and wonderful
=when seen from the summit of a mountain, the city looks more beautiful and wonderful.
从山顶上看，这个城市显得更加美丽和奇妙
原因状语相当于原因状语从句
Been contended with what I did for the class,my teacher singled out me for a special praise.
= Because my teacher was contended with what I did for the class, he singled out me for a special praise.
由于对我为班级所做的事感到很满意，我的老师特别表扬了我。
作条件状语相当于条件状语从句
Grown in the fertile soil, these seeds can grow fast and begin to produce flowers and fruits.
=if they are grown in the fertile soil, these seeds can grow fast and begin to produce flowers and fruits.
如果这些种子在肥沃的土壤中生长，这些种子可以快速生长，并开始开花结果。
作让步状语相当于让步状语从句
Mortally wounded, the courageous soldiers constantly fight to search for the being confined in the ruins.
=though they were mortally wounded, the courageous soldiers constantly fight to search for the being confined in the ruins.
勇敢的士兵们身负重伤，不断地为寻找被困在废墟中的生命而战斗。
④动词不定式短语
To do +名词
作目的状语
He ran so fast as to catch up with the first subway.
他跑得飞快以便能赶上首班车。
作结果状语
He searched for the house thoroughly only to find nothing.
他满屋子找，却一无所获。
作原因状语
I'm happy and glad to see you.
我很高兴见到你
⑤介词短语
介词+名词
⑥独立主格结构
在过去分词短语或者现在分词短语前添加上一个单独的名词
对状语的处理
从上面的例子中可以发现英语中状语的位置是不固定的,所以在解析句子的时候一般情况下都是将状语从整个句子中剥离出来。尤其是在下面的例子中如果不剥离状语将对整个句子的理解产生很大的障碍。
They remain resolutely with a certain faith the principle of this school.
他们坚定地支持这个学派的原则。
这个句子中 remain和with并不是动词和介词的搭配,with a certain faith是状语remain的宾语是the principle of this school。
这样的结构在高考英语阅读长难句的翻译中特别普遍,在这里用一个结构提取出来讲解,希望同学们一定要重点掌握和理解:
动词+介词+名词1+名词2
如果遇到这样的结构可以得出结论:“介词+名词1”作状语,“动词+名词2”是动宾搭配。这样的结构还可以推广为:
动词+介词1+名词1+介词2+名词2+名词3
在这里“动词+名词3”是动宾搭配,“介词1+名词1+介词2+名词2”为状语;也就是说:动词+介词+名词……+名词n+名词n+1;只要有两个名词连续放在一起就要小心,因为在动词和宾语之间放上了一个状语。
高考英语阅读长难句真题演练
【出自2023年高考英语甲卷第三篇阅读】
1.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche
句子分析:
主句：the end result is a read
从句-which引导定语从句修饰a read：in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche
翻译：读书的最终结果是，我们学会像苏格拉底那样思考，像梭罗那样观察，像叔本华那样倾听，像尼采那样无怨无悔
【出自2023年高考英语甲卷第三篇阅读】
2.This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
句子分析：
主句：this is a book...
定语从句/比较状语：(which is) more than a book about understanding philosophy
翻译：这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。
【出自2023年高考英语甲卷第三篇阅读】
3.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.
句子分析：
主句：the Socrates express is a fun, sharp book
that引导定语从句：that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.
翻译：《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以表面上的简单吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。
高考英语阅读逐句分析
1.In the 1950s and 60s, scientists around the world launched many creatures into space.
句子分析：around the world 作定语修饰scientist
翻译：在20世纪50年代和60年代，世界各地的科学家向太空发射了许多生物。
词汇解析：
①launch into 积极投入或者参与;发射
That would bump the shuttle launch into April.
这会将发现号的发射日期推迟到四月。
②creatures 生物；动物
The panda is a shy creature.
熊猫是一种胆小的动物。
The idea was to calculate the effects of spaceflight on living creatures in the hopes that humans could follow.
句子分析：that引导定语从句修饰hopes
这个想法是为了计算太空飞行对生物的影响，希望人类也能效仿。
3.The Soviet Union sent a stray Moscow dog named Laika into space, and subsequently, it was honored as a national hero.
句子分析：named laika非谓语动词作定语修饰dog
翻译：苏联将一只名叫莱卡的莫斯科流浪狗送入太空，随后，它被誉为民族英雄。
4.Ham the chimpanzee was famously buried at the International Space Hall of Fame in New Mexico following his contributions to the U. S. space program.
黑猩猩哈姆因其对美国太空计划的贡献而被安葬在新墨西哥州的国际太空名人堂
And then there was France, which sent the first and so far only cat into space.
句子分析：which引导定语从句修饰France
翻译：然后是法国，它将第一只也是迄今为止唯一一只猫送入了太空。
So, who was this hero cat, anyway
那么，这只英雄猫到底是谁
6.Félicette was one of 14 cats cited to the French space program.
fassimlicette是法国太空计划引用的14只猫之一。
7.Each cat had electrodes implanted into their brain, and all were subjected to many of the same activities included in human astronaut training.
句子分析：过去分词implanted作定语修饰electrodes;过去分词included作定语修饰activities
翻译：每只猫的大脑中都植入了电极，所有猫都要接受许多与人类宇航员训练相同的活动。
词汇解析：
①electrode 电极
Metals are opaque, so the other electrode must be transparent.
金属是不透明的，因此另一个电极必须是透明的。
②implant 植入
The implant is not a complete artificial eye.
这个植入体并不是一个完整的人工眼睛。
French scientists decided to use cats as they already had a lot of neurological data on them.
句子分析：as引导时间状语从句
翻译：.法国科学家决定用猫做实验，因为他们已经有了很多关于猫的神经学数据。
9.At the conclusion of training, the petite tuxedo Félicette got the green light.
训练结束后，穿着小燕尾服的fastliette获得了批准。
10.On Oct. 18, 1963, Félicette, was strapped into a Véronique rocket and blasted from Algeria to nearly 100 miles above Earth.
1963年10月18日，fsamicette被绑在vsamiconique火箭上，从阿尔及利亚发射到离地球近100英里的地方。
词汇解析：
①strap 捆绑
Nancy gripped the strap of her beach bag.
南希抓住自己海滩休闲包的带子。
②blast 爆炸
The blast caused several buildings to catch fire.
爆炸导致了几个建筑物起火。
She experienced about five minutes of weightlessness followed by the terror of a turbulent, spinning descent via parachute.
句子分析：spinning作伴随状语修饰整个句子
翻译：她经历了大约五分钟的失重状态，随后是通过降落伞降落的湍流旋转的恐惧。
Just 15 minutes later, the flight was complete.
仅仅15分钟后，飞行就完成了发射
A helicopter crew dashed to the landing site, threw open the cabin, and found Félicette alive and well.
一架直升机机组人员冲到降落地点，打开机舱，发现fastliette还活着，状况良好。
Two months later, scientists rewarded her heroism with euthanasia (安乐死)—they wanted to examine her body.
句子分析：破折号后接同位语补充修饰euthanasia
翻译：两个月后，科学家们用安乐死来奖励她的英勇行为(安乐死)——他们想检查她的身体。
Then, Félicette was all but forgotten.
然后，fassimlicette几乎被遗忘了。
So forgotten that in the 90s, when three former French colonies celebrated her story by issuing stamps with the cat’s likeness, they mistakenly turned her into a boy by using the wrong name-Felix.
句子分析：when引导时间状语从句；过去分词forgotten作状语修饰they
翻译：在90年代，当三个前法国殖民地发行印有这只猫的肖像的邮票来纪念她的故事时，他们错误地把她变成了一个男孩，用了错误的名字——菲利克斯。
17.But thanks to Londoner Matt Guy who came across the tale of Félicette that she wasn’t already properly recognized for her accomplishments, the story’s finally been set straight.
句子分析：who引导定语从句修饰guy ;that引导同位语从句
翻译：但多亏了伦敦人马特·盖伊(Matt Guy)，他发现了fsamicette的故事，她的成就并没有得到适当的认可，这个故事终于得到了澄清。
词汇解析：
①come across 给人留下印象
I hoped she'd come across with some more information.
我希望她能再提供更多的信息。
②set straight 纠正
18.So I want to set the record straight on two things. The first is that some of my favorite technologies are ones that take choices away from people.
因此在这里我想纠正两个观念：第一，我最喜欢的一些技术是使人们减少选择的技术。
19. His online pleas netted around $57,000enough to fund a 5-foot tall bronze statue.
他在网上的募捐筹集了大约57,000美元，足够建造一座5英尺高的铜像。
20.On Dec. 18, 2019, the statue was finally unveiled at the International Space University in Strasbourg, France.
2019年12月18日，这座雕像终于在法国斯特拉斯堡国际空间大学揭幕。