《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题19阅读必背333个障碍词5++续写吸睛句型仿写5+说明文写作意图题
解析版
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阅读理解必背
333
个障碍词
背默（
5
）
)
201. overlook v. 忽视，忽略；俯瞰
202. parallel n. 相似之处 adj.平行的(be parallel to/with与...平行/相似)
203. passion n. 激情；热爱
204. pastime n. 消遣，娱乐
205. peak n. [C] 山峰；山顶；顶峰 adj.最高的；高峰的 vi.达到最高点
206. pedestrian n. 行人，步行者
207. panel n. [C]面板；嵌板；专家咨询小组
208. pension n. 养老金，退休金
209. permanent adj.长久的，永久的，永恒的(反：temporary adj. 临时的；暂时的)
210. perceive vt.察觉；发觉；理解
211. personnel n. 全体人员，职员；人事部门
212. pessimistic adj.悲观的(optimistic adj. 乐观的)
213. phenomenon n. 现象(pl. phenomena)
214. philosophy n. [U]哲学
215. physician n. 医师
216. portable adj.手提式的，便携式的，轻便的
217. pose vi.摆好姿势；佯装 n. [C] 姿势；姿态；假装
218. postpone vt.推迟，延期（put off）
219. precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的；珍稀的
220. pregnant adj.怀孕的
221. prejudice n. 偏见，歧视(prejudice against 对... 的偏见)
222. prescription n. 处方，药方(prescription for...的处方/方法)
223. preview n. 预映；预展；预演
224. previous adj.以前的，先前的(previously adv. 先前；以前)
225. priority n. [C]优先事项；[U] 优先权
226. primary adj.首要的，主要的
227. primarily adv.主要地
228. primitive adj.原始的，远古的
229. privilege n. 特权；特殊待遇；荣
230. precisely adv.精确地；确切地；恰好
231. procedure n. (正常)程序；步骤；手续
232. proceed vi.继续；继续做；继续进行
233. profile n. [C]侧面(像)；外形；轮廓；简介；概况
234. profession n. 职业；行业
235. property n. [U]财产；资产；(房)地产
236. proposal n. [C] & [U]建议；提议
237. promote v. 促进，提高；晋升
238. prospect n. [U]可能性；预期；设想；[C] 前景；前途；视野；景色
239. protest vi.& vt.抗议；反对 n. [C] & [U] 抗议；反对
240. pursue vt.追求；(继续) 从事；追赶；追捕
241. psychology n. 心理；心理学
242. punctuation n. 标点符号
243. purchase vt.& n. 购买
244. qualification n. 资格，学历；资历
245. questionnaire n. 调查问卷
246. quote vt.& vi.引用；援引 n. [C] 引语；引文
247. radioactive adj.放射性的
248. random adj.随意的，随机的 n. 随意；随机
249. rating n. [C]等级；级别
250. recall v. 回想起，回忆起；召回；收回
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读后续写吸睛句型仿写训练（
5
）
)
句型5：主语 +谓语，情绪类形容词短语
常见的形容词短语作状语的词：
unsure of/about不确定,
uncertain about不确定,
un aware of/that没有意识到,
determined to do决心去做,
lost in迷失,
absorbed in全神贯注
【仿写1】He ran out again, unaware that I was following him.
他又跑了出去，不知道我在跟着他。
【仿写2】She stood there in shock, unsure of what to do next.
她震惊地站在那里，不知道下一步该怎么做。
读后续写“高分句型+丰富情感”分类仿写
1.他在黑暗中摸索前进，对前方一无所知。
He groped forward in the dark, unaware of what was ahead.
2.她全神贯注地读书，没有注意到时间已经晚了。
She read the book absorbedly, lost in it and unaware that it was late.
3.他看着窗外的雨，不确定自己是否应该出门。
He looked out at the rain, unsure of whether he should go out.
4.他对自己的未来感到不确定，不知道该如何选择。
He felt uncertain about his future, not knowing how to make a choice.
5.她坐在那里，陷入了沉思，不知道自己的决定是否正确。
She sat there, lost in thought, unsure of whether her decision was right.
6.学生们专心致志地听老师讲解，没有注意到下课铃声已经响了。
The students listened attentively to the teacher's explanation, absorbed in it and unaware that the bell had rung.
7.他在人群中寻找着，不确定是否能找到她。
He searched through the crowd, unsure if he would find her.
8.他突然停下，意识到自己走错了路。
He stopped suddenly, aware that he had taken the wrong way.
9.他对自己的表现感到满意，确信自己做得很好。
He was satisfied with his performance, sure that he had done well.
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阅读理解
写作意图
题
)
【名师点津】
1. 明确意图的多样化表达便于同义替换，做题留痕圈。
2. 比对四个选项，找到对应的段落句子，去伪存真。
3. 必要时学会运用排除法去排除干扰选择最佳答案。
【模拟精练】
（2023·全国·高考真题）According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1．What do solar developers often ignore
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
2．What does InSPIRE aim to do
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.
B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
3．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
（2017·全国·高考真题）The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country driving is important for keeping their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The Drive LAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to solve these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
5．What is the purpose of the Drive LAB
A．To explore new means of transport.
B．To design new types of cars.
C．To teach people traffic rules.
D．To find out older driver’s problems.
6．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe
A．It keeps them independent.
B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.
D．It cures their mental illnesses.
7．What do researchers hope to do for older people
A．Ensure their safety with the help of technology.
B．Improve their diving skills.
C．Provide advice on repairing their cars.
D．Organize regular physical checkups.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．A New Model Electric Car
B．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
C．A Solution to Traffic Problems
D．Driving Services for Elders
【答案】5．D 6．A 7．A 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，帮助老年司机能够一直安全开车直到应该停止的年龄。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.”（纽尔斯卡大学的智能交通队将一辆电动汽车转变成立一个叫做DriveLAB的可移动实验室，其目的为了了解到老年司机所面临的挑战，发现其关键点。）可知，DriveLAB是为了理解老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里，即发现老年司机所面临的问题，故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.””（Phil解释道：“对于很多老年人来说，尤其是那些独自居住或者是住在农村的，开车对于保护老年人的独立很重要，让他们能自由地出去，而不必去依赖其他人”。）可知，开车对于保持老年司机的独立性很重要，让他们可以自由地出去走动，而不必依赖别人。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第六段中“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”（正在帮助我们了解到，对于老年司机来说，什么是关键点，以及我们应如何使用技术来解决这些问题。）及最后一段“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”（我们希望我们的工作将有助于提供技术解决方案，以确保高龄驾驶人在驾驶时更安全。）可知，研究人员想要用技术解决老年司机的关键难题，从而保证老年司机的安全，故选A。
8．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一些研究人员想要利用技术解决老年司机驾驶存在的问题，其目的是帮助老年司机能够一直安全开车直到应该停止的年龄，故Keeping Older Drivers on the Road (让老年司机在路上行驶)符合全文主旨，故选B。
（23-24高三下·江西·阶段练习）Sara Dykman is on a 10,000-mile bike trip, following the monarch butterfly from Mexico through the United States and Canada and back again. The purpose of her journey is not just to mark the butterfly’s migrating (迁徙) road, but to warn about the threat it faces — and what we can do to help it.
When I reached Dykman by phone, she was biking through Iowa cornfields. She said she feels more upset than usual, because of what she is seeing — or not seeing — on her travels: Fewer butterflies and milkweed. “In the last two decades, the butterfly population has declined by about 90 percent as a result of the loss of milkweed, a native plant that the butterflies need as part of their life cycle,” she said.
Butterflies go through a four-stage life cycle. In February and March, the adult monarch butterflies come out of winter sleep to look for a mate. Then they migrate north and east to lay their eggs on milkweed plants. It takes about four days for the eggs to hatch. Then the baby caterpillars (毛毛虫) spend much of their time eating milkweed in order to grow. About two weeks later, the fully grown caterpillars will attach themselves to plant branches or leaves to change into butterflies.
But Dykman is not in total despair. A solution, she says, exists within the reach of everyone who owns a home; simply planting some milkweed in the yards to help the butterflies on their journey.
Dykman lives a life as simple and rootless as the butterflies she loves. She doesn’t own a house or car or eat out at restaurants. She carries only what she needs; a sleeping bag and clothing. People help along the way by providing a place to stay and a meal.
“I have failed at everything normal, but I’m pretty good at doing the less normal things,” she admits in her new book Cycling With Butterflies.
“But this trip is about solutions, and it’s about helping people see the consequences of their actions,” she said on the phone.
9．What is the main purpose of Sara Dykman’s bike trip
A．To live-stream the migrating butterflies.
B．To ask people to grow more native plants.
C．To warn about the environmental problems.
D．To encourage people to protect the butterflies.
10．What can be learned from paragraph 3
A．Baby caterpillars are very harmful to various crops.
B．Milkweed plays a vital role in a butterfly’s life cycle.
C．Non-native plants are growing too fast in Iowa cornfields.
D．Adult butterflies come out of winter sleep later than they did.
11．What can we learn about Sara Dykman
A．She is a determined conservationist.
B．She is a good bread-earner.
C．She is a competent employee.
D．She is a comfort seeker.
12．What is the text
A．A diary entry. B．A book review. C．An interview. D．A news report.
【答案】9．D 10．B 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。Sara Dykman希望通过对北美帝王蝴蝶的追踪观察唤起公众对其生存危机的关注。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“The purpose of her journey is not just to mark the butterfly’s migrating (迁徙) road, but to warn about the threat it faces—and what we can do to help it.(她此行的目的不仅仅是为了标记蝴蝶的迁徙路线，而是为了警告它们所面临的威胁——以及我们能做些什么来帮助它们)”可知，Sara Dykman 的主要目的是鼓励大家保护帝王蝶。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Then the baby caterpillars (毛毛虫) spend much of their time eating milkweed in order to grow. About two weeks later, the fully grown caterpillars will attach themselves to plant branches or leaves to change into butterflies.(然后幼虫花很多时间吃马利筋来生长。大约两周后，成熟的毛毛虫会附着在植物的树枝或叶子上，变成蝴蝶)”可推知，马利筋这种本土植物对帝王蝶的生命周期十分重要。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sara Dykman is on a 10, 000-mile bike trip, following the monarch butterfly from Mexico through the UnitedStates and Canada and back again.(萨拉·戴克曼正在进行一场一万英里的自行车旅行，跟随黑脉金斑蝶从墨西哥出发，穿越美国和加拿大，然后再回来)”及第五段“Dykman lives a life as simple and rootless as the butterflies she loves.(戴克曼过着简单无根的生活，就像她所爱的蝴蝶一样)”可推断，Sara Dykman 是一位非常坚定的环保主义者。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据全文，特别是第二段“When I reached Dykman by phone, she was biking through Iowa cornfields.(当我通过电话联系上戴克曼时，她正骑着自行车穿过爱荷华州的玉米地)”以及最后一段““But this trip is about solutions, and it’s about helping people see the consequences of their actions,” she said on the phone.(“但这次旅行是为了解决问题，是为了帮助人们看到自己行为的后果，”她在电话中说)”结合文章主要是通过电话采访的形式，介绍了Sara Dykman希望通过对北美帝王蝴蝶的追踪观察唤起公众对其生存危机的关注。故可推知这是一篇新闻报道。故选D。
（2022·全国·高考真题）The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
13．What is the purpose of the project
A．To ensure harmony in care homes.
B．To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C．To raise money for medical research.
D．To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
14．How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A．She has learned new life skills.
B．She has gained a sense of achievement.
C．She has recovered her memory.
D．She has developed a strong personality.
15．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
16．What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A．It is well received.
B．It needs to be more creative.
C．It is highly profitable.
D．It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况。)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了减少孤独和提高老年人的幸福感。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好。)”可知，Ruth Xavier很享受做这些事，她觉得自己在做有用的事，这能够给她来良好的感觉，因此可知通过该项目她获得了一种成就感。故选B项。
15．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark on意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。
16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说：“我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。”)”可知，该项目得到了居民们的认可，大家很欢迎这个项目，而且这个项目将会带来一些好处，因此可知这个项目的反响很好，很受欢迎。故选A项。
（2024·河南濮阳·一模）As the movie Nomadland revealed to the world, ever since the 2008 financial collapse, people have mowed into vehicles as a way of surviving the high cost of living. The pandemic also fuelled an increase in the nomadic (流浪的) lifestyle.
In 2020, my co-researcher Scott Rankin and I looked at how people who live in vehicles balance work and life. This year, I continued my research to better understand why people live this way.
People of all ages and genders take part in van (面包车) living. The average age of van dwellers (居住者) was 42. After asking respondents to rank the reasons why they chose to live in a vehicle, ranked from top to bottom are: 1) freedom, 2) low cost of living, 3) adventure, 4)connection to nature,5)minimalism,6)avoiding undesirable weather,7)starting a new life, 8)pursuing work in different places, 9)working remotely, 10)to be on their own, 11)to join a partner, 12)to leave a partner.
Above all else, vehicle dwellers sought to be free. Whether they were a re tire n in a $100,000 Mercedes van, or young Canadians working from a $5 ,000 van, respondents wanted to be able to move their home to any place that was best for them. For others, living in a vehicle minimized their costs, allowing them to work less or make the most of their income without paying rent.
As it turns out, van living is not a fad. While many respondents were new to van living, on average, respondents indicated they had been living in a vehicle for an average of 2.5 years. Seventy-eight per cent of respondents permanently lived in a vehicle.
As the housing crisis deepens, we may see more people consider van living as a means of surviving the high cost of living. It will be up to the government to accept this alternative living arrangement, and consider having parking and facilities to support those who choose to live this way.
17．What’s the purpose of the author’s research
A．To advocate a new lifestyle.
B．To produce a scientific theory.
C．To understand a social phenomenon.
D．To improve some people’s living conditions.
18．What do we learn about van dwellers
A．Their top concern is money.
B．They have different motives.
C．They value family more than work.
D．They are mainly adventurous people.
19．What does the underlined word “fad” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Something that isn’t suitable for all.
B．Something that isn’t likely to last.
C．Something that is popular for long.
D．Something that attracts old people.
20．What’s the author’s attitude to van living
A．Uncaring. B．Tolerant. C．Approving. D．Opposed.
【答案】17．C 18．B 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着住房危机的加深主要介绍了面包车生活这一新型的生活方式。随着住房危机的加深，可能会有更多的人将面包车生活视为一种在高昂的生活成本中生存的手段。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This year, I continued my research to better understand why people live this way. (今年，我继续我的研究，以更好地理解人们为什么会这样生活。)”可知，作者研究的目的是了解面包车生活这种社会现象。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After asking respondents to rank the reasons why they chose to live in a vehicle, ranked from top to bottom are: 1) freedom, 2) low cost of living, 3) adventure, 4)connection to nature,5)minimalism,6)avoiding undesirable weather,7)starting a new life, 8)pursuing work in different places, 9)working remotely, 10)to be on their own, 11)to join a partner, 12)to leave a partner. (在要求受访者对他们选择住在车里的原因进行排名后，从上到下依次为：1）自由，2）低生活成本，3）冒险，4）与自然的联系，5）极简主义，6）避免不良天气，7）开始新生活，8）在不同的地方追求工作，9）远程工作，10）独自生活，11）加入伴侣，12）离开伴侣。)”可知，面包车居民有不同的动机。故选B。
19．词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“While many respondents were new to van living, on average, respondents indicated they had been living in a vehicle for an average of 2.5 years. Seventy-eight per cent of respondents permanently lived in a vehicle. (虽然许多受访者对面包车生活是新手，但平均而言，受访者表示他们在车上生活的时间平均为2.5年。78%的受访者永久居住在车内。)”可知，面包车生活并不是风靡一时的风尚。A. Something that isn’t suitable for all.不适合所有人的东西；B. Something that isn’t likely to last.不太可能持续的事情。C. Something that is popular for long.长期流行的东西。D. Something that attracts old people.吸引老年人的东西。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As the housing crisis deepens, we may see more people consider van living as a means of surviving the high cost of living. It will be up to the government to accept this alternative living arrangement, and consider having parking and facilities to support those who choose to live this way. (随着住房危机的加深，我们可能会看到更多的人将面包车生活视为一种在高昂的生活成本中生存的手段。这将取决于政府是否接受这种替代性的生活安排，并考虑提供停车场和设施来支持那些选择这种生活方式的人。)”可知，作者对面包车生活持赞成的态度。故选C。
（2024·河南濮阳·一模）With the winter holiday on the way and time on your hands, you might be looking for something to read. The following are four great books for you.
The Bright Side
Chad Otis is an author and illustrator. His new book, The Bright Side, is about finding hope in desperate situations. Its hero is a boy who lives with his family in an old school bus because they can’t afford to live anywhere else. This is something Otis experienced when he was a kid. He wants kids who are going through similar struggles to know, “You are not alone. Stay strong. Stay optimistic.”
Bunheads
In Bunheads, Misty Copeland tells the story of how she fell in love with dance. As a girl. Copeland was shy and afraid of talking in front of people. Dance helped her get past her fears. “Ballet gave me a language to communicate in a way that worked for me,” she told TFK. “Ballet allowed me to speak... through my body.”
Little Daymond Learns to Earn
Linle Daymond Learns to Earn teaches kids about money. It’s by Daymond John, who is one of the stars of Shark Tank. With a little creativity and the help of his friends, little Daymond starts a small business. “Every single business that you create does one thing — it finds solutions to problems in life,” he says.
Facts vs. Opinions vs. Robots
What’s the difference between a fact and an opinion Sometimes, it can be hard to tell them apart. Facts vs. Opinions vs. Robots is a new picture book. It teaches kids about facts and opinions. The book uses robots to show the difference between the two. Michael Rex wrote and illustrated the book, in which he asks questions of the reader.
21．What is Chad Otis’s purpose in writing The Bright Side
A．To teach some life skills.
B．To share his life story.
C．To inspire kids in difficulty.
D．To help kids to make money.
22．What does Daymond John think all companies have in common
A．They put profit first.
B．They launch new products.
C．They make discoveries.
D．They focus on solving problems.
23．Who overcame fear with the help of art
A．Chad Otis. B．Michael Rex. C．Daymond John. D．Misty Copeland.
【答案】21．C 22．D 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本非常适合假期阅读的书。
21．细节理解题。根据The Bright Side部分中的“He wants kids who are going through similar struggles to know, “You are not alone. Stay strong. Stay optimistic.”(他想让那些正在经历类似挣扎的孩子们知道，“你并不孤单。保持坚强。保持乐观。”)”可知，查德·奥蒂斯写《光明的一面》的目的是激励有困难的孩子。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据Little Daymond Learns to Earn部分中的““Every single business that you create does one thing— It finds solutions to problems in life,” he says. (他说：“你创建的每一家企业都做一件事——它能找到解决生活中问题的方法。”)”可知，戴蒙德·约翰认为所有公司都专注于解决问题。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据Bunheads部分中的““Ballet gave me a language to communicate in a way that worked for me,” she told TFK. “Ballet allowed me to speak... through my body.”(她告诉TFK：“芭蕾舞给了我一种语言，让我能够以一种对我有用的方式进行交流。芭蕾舞让我说话……通过我的身体。”)”可知，米斯蒂·科普兰在舞蹈的帮助下克服了恐惧。故选D。
（2024·江苏·一模）New research shows that removing black rhinos’ horns (犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory (领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other.
The study, published in the journal PNAS, found that de horned South African rhinos have home ranges that are 45 per cent smaller than those of complete animals, and that they were 37 percent less likely to engage in social interactions.
“The big, dominant bulls that used to have very large territories that overlapped with a lot of females may now have much less territory and much less reproductive (繁殖的) success,” says Vanessa Duthé, who led the work at Switzerland’s University of Neuch tel.
“It’s really hard to predict the effects of this,” she says. “It doesn’t mean that population success will necessarily decline, because it might open up gaps for younger males that would not have had the space or the means before.” Indeed, a University of Bristol study published last year showed that de horning (去角) does not negatively affect populations overall.
But such unintended behavioral consequences necessarily feed into judgments about whether this highly invasive procedure is worthwhile. Remarkably, perhaps, there is little hard evidence either way. “No one’s put all the data together to say whether it’s a really effective measure,” says Duthé.
“What is clear is that the introduction of de horning and a decline in illegal hunting has occurred at the same time,” she adds. “But de horning has been accompanied by other conservation measures that may be more effective.”
“It’s incredibly complicated,” says Lucy Chimes, a member of the Bristol team. “There are so many other factors involved. You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out — fencing, patrols, staff numbers — and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.” Chimes is currently planning a project that aims to separate these and other factors. In the meantime, Duthé believes that de horning is a worthwhile tool of last course of action. “A rhino that is behaving a little bit strangely is better than a dead rhino.”
24．What is the purpose of removing the horns of black rhinos
A．To make them less sociable.
B．To protect them from being hunted.
C．To reduce their home ranges.
D．To affect their reproductive success.
25．What does the underlined phrase “invasive procedure” in paragraph 5 refer to
A．The removal of rhino horns.
B．The loss of rhino territories.
C．The impact on rhino population.
D．The change of rhino behavior.
26．What is Chimes’ attitude toward the de horning of black rhinos
A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Unconcerned. D．Uncertain.
27．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．De horning rhinos shows satisfying effects.
B．Various factors lead to the decline in illegal hunting.
C．De horning is the last action researchers will take.
D．Rhinos are supposed to behave a little bit strangely.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．D 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新研究表明，为了解决偷猎问题而切掉黑犀牛的角会影响黑犀牛的领地面积和它们之间的社交。而对于这种措施是否有利于动物保护，产生了不同的看法。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research shows that removing black rhinos’ horns(犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory(领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other.(新的研究表明，去除黑犀牛的角以降低它们对非法猎人的吸引力，会缩小它们的领地面积，减少它们之间的社交能力。)”可知，切除黑犀牛的角是为了降低它们对非法猎人的吸引力，保护它们不被非法猎杀。故选B。
25．短语猜测题。根据划线短语invasive procedure前的this可知，这里提到的invasive procedure (侵入性手术)指代作者上文中刚提到的事物，结合上一段中的“Indeed, a University of Bristol study published last year showed that dehorning(去角) does not negatively affect populations overall.(事实上，布里斯托大学去年发表的一项研究表明，去角不会对黑犀牛总体数量产生负面影响。)”可知，这里invasive procedure指的是去掉黑犀牛的角。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““It’s incredibly complicated,” says Lucy Chimes, a member of the Bristol team. “There are so many other factors involved. You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out—fencing, patrols, staff numbers—and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.”(‘这非常复杂，’布里斯托团队的成员Lucy Chimes说。‘还包括很多其他因素。你必须考虑正在采取的其他安全措施——围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量——以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与。’)”可知，Lucy Chimes没有正面回应切除黑犀牛的角这个问题，而是说偷猎减少这个现象很复杂，除了切除黑犀牛角这个因素外，需要考虑到许多因素，由此可推测，她对切除黑犀牛角的态度不确定。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There are so many other factors involved. You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out—fencing, patrols, staff numbers—and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.(还包括很多其他因素。你必须考虑正在采取的其他安全措施——围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量——以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与。)”可知，在谈到偷猎减少这个问题时，除了切除黑犀牛角这个因素外，需要考虑到围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与等许多因素，由此可推测出，多种不同的因素导致非法偷猎减少。故选B。
（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）A brown and dry lawn is not something many gardeners would boast about. But that is exactly the kind of yard competition organizers in Sweden were looking for when they launched the prize for the “World’s Ugliest Lawn”. People from around the world were invited to post pictures of their dehydrated(脱水的)grass to social media in a bid to win the uncertain honor.
The intention, according to those behind the project, was to raise awareness of “saving water on a global scale by changing the norm for green lawns”. Lawns, which can require large amounts of water to maintain, are coming under increasing examination as climate change makes periods of drought more frequent and intense.
The global initiative was launched on the official website for Gotland in Sweden. “Huge amounts of water are used to water lawns for aesthetics(美学). As the world gets warmer, lack of water in urban areas is projected to affect up to 2.4 billion people by 2050. By not watering lawns for aesthetic reasons, we can protect the availability of groundwater,” the competition organizers said.
The unlikely title has been awarded to Kathleen Murray who lives in Sandford in Tasmania, Australia. According to the organizers, Murray’s lawn “boasts deep and dry divots created by three wild bandicoots(袋狸)and not one dust-covered decimeter is wasted on watering”. Murray said in the press release about her triumph, “I am terribly proud! I knew I would have my 5 minutes of fame, even if it was for having the ugliest lawn on the planet! I am now free of ever taking care of my lawn again.”
A press release by the Gotland, office added, “For the planet and its declining stockpiles of life-giving liquid, thank you, Kathleen, as well as those naughty bandicoots damaging your lawn for the greater good.” Organizers added, “Gotland aims to show to Sweden and the world that sustainable behavior doesn’t have to be dull.”
28．What can we say about the yard competition organized in Sweden
A．People had even doubted its authenticity.
B．People worldwide were unwilling to join.
C．Its participants must be professional gardeners.
D．Its entries must agree with the existing aesthetics.
29．What is the purpose of this yard competition
A．To call on people to protect lawns.
B．To encourage people to be creative.
C．To challenge the norm of aesthetics.
D．To remind people of water shortage.
30．What does the underlined word “triumph” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Ambition. B．Success. C．Sorrow. D．Barrier.
31．What can be the best title for the text
A．People’s Whelming Reaction To A Yard Contest In Sweden
B．Lawns And Rare Bandicoots Calling For Urgent Protection
C．A Lawn Named The Ugliest Globally All For A Good Cause
D．The World’s Ugliest Lawn Unaccepted By The Whole World
【答案】28．A 29．D 30．B 31．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。
28．推理判断题。由文章第一段“A brown and dry lawn is not something many gardeners would boast about. But that is exactly the kind of yard competition organizers in Sweden were looking for when they launched the prize for the‘World’s Ugliest Lawn’. People from around the world were invited to post pictures of their dehydrated(脱水的)grass to social media in a bid to win the uncertain honor.(棕色干燥的草坪不是很多园丁会夸耀的。但这正是瑞典庭院比赛组织者在推出‘世界上最丑草坪’奖时所希望的。来自世界各地的人们被邀请在社交媒体上发布他们脱水草的照片，以赢得这一不确定的荣誉。)”可推测，该奖项非常规奖项，所以人们甚至怀疑它的真实性。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。由文章第二段“The intention, according to those behind the project, was to raise awareness of ‘saving water on a global scale by changing the norm for green lawns’. Lawns, which can require large amounts of water to maintain, are coming under increasing examination as climate change makes periods of drought more frequent and intense.(据该项目背后的人说，其目的是提高人们对‘通过改变绿色草坪的规范在全球范围内节约用水’的认识。由于气候变化使干旱期更加频繁和强烈，草坪可能需要大量的水来维持，因此草坪正受到越来越多的审查。)”可知，这场庭院比赛的目的是提醒人们注意缺水问题。故选D项。
30．词句猜测题。由文章第四段“The unlikely title has been awarded to Kathleen Murray who lives in Sandford in Tasmania, Australia. (这个不太可能的头衔被授予了居住在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州桑福德的Kathleen Murray。)”可知，Kathleen Murray获得“世界上最丑草坪”奖，所以划线单词的句子应表示Murray在新闻稿中谈到了她的获奖的成功，所以猜测triumph表“成功”。故选B项。
31．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“A brown and dry lawn is not something many gardeners would boast about. But that is exactly the kind of yard competition organizers in Sweden were looking for when they launched the prize for the ‘World’s Ugliest Lawn’. People from around the world were invited to post pictures of their dehydrated(脱水的)grass to social media in a bid to win the uncertain honor.(棕色干燥的草坪不是很多园丁会夸耀的。但这正是瑞典庭院比赛组织者在推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖时所希望的。来自世界各地的人们被邀请在社交媒体上发布他们脱水草的照片，以赢得这一不确定的荣誉。)”以及后文可知，文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者为了提醒人们注意缺水问题，推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。所以C项A Lawn Named The Ugliest Globally All For A Good Cause(一块草坪被评为全球最丑陋草坪，只为做一件好事)符合语境。故选C项。
（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our emotional attachments to them.
Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.
Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage.
After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.
Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously — these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.
32．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1
A．To prove an opinion. B．To raise a subject.
C．To share an example. D．To explain a concept.
33．How do human interact with the machines effectively
A．By improving the machines’ imagination.
B．By sharpening the machines’ language skills.
C．By applying the machines’ facial recognition.
D．By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior.
34．What does paragraph 4 focus on
A．The advancements in AI technology in lab.
B．The marketing strategies of AI applications.
C．The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI.
D．The ability of AI understanding human emotions.
35．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024
A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous.
B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon.
C．It will become a threat to human social skills.
D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology.
【答案】32．B 33．B 34．C 35．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对虚拟角色的情感依附和对话AI的进步，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，并提到了可能出现的风险。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary—including our emotional attachments to them.(人工智能聊天机器人伴侣Replika在全球拥有数百万用户。他们醒来后做的第一件事就是向虚拟朋友(或爱人)说声“早上好”。这个故事仅仅是个开始。2024年，聊天机器人和虚拟角色将变得更加流行，无论是出于实用性还是出于乐趣。因此，与机器进行社交对话将开始变得更加普通——包括我们对它们的情感依恋。)”可知，第一段介绍了2024年聊天机器人和虚拟角色日益普及的情况，强调了它们的实用性，以及与机器进行社交对话的新趋势。下文讨论人们与这些人工智能代理之间形成的情感联系以及与之进行类似人类的交互的影响奠定了基础，因此第一段的写作目的是引出一个话题，即“人工智能聊天机器人伴侣的逐步推广”。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.(对人机和人机交互的研究表明，我们喜欢将与我们交互的非人类代理人赋与人性，特别是当它们模仿我们认识的行为时。而且，由于对话式人工智能的最新进展，我们的机器突然变得非常擅长其中一种行为：语言。) ”可知，人类可以通过提高机器的语言技能与其进行对话，从而有效地与机器互动。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.(毕竟，人们确实会听取虚拟好友的意见。Replika的例子以及大量的实验室实验研究表明，人类可以而且将会对机器人产生情感上的依恋。科学还表明，人们在渴望社交时，会很乐意向人工代理透露个人信息，甚至会改变他们的信仰和行为。这就提出了一些关于公司如何利用这项技术操纵用户的消费者保护问题。例如，Replika每年收费70美元。但在下载应用不到24小时后，我那蓝眼睛的英俊“朋友”偷偷给我发了一条音频信息，想卖给我什么东西。情感依恋已经成为公司为了自身利益而利用的弱点。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是人工智能使人产生情感依恋后会引导用户进一步消费，从而带来一些潜在风险。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging—and taking more seriously—these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.(今天，我们仍然在嘲笑那些认为人工智能系统是情绪化的人，或者取笑那些爱上聊天机器人的人。但在2024年，我们将逐渐开始承认并更加认真地对待这些基本的人类行为。因为在2024年，我们终于明白了：机器并没有被排除在我们的社会关系之外。)”可知，2024年，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，与人们的日常生活的关系越来越紧密。故选B。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）Two languages worldwide are lost every week. Cherokee is a highly endangered Native American language. Currently, there are fewer than 2,000 speakers of the language remaining in the world, and the number is declining every year. Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly, lead to the preservation of a whole culture. The creation of an album of original songs performed in the Cherokee language is one of the most original methods.
Cherokee and non-Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album in the Cherokee language. This is part of a project to preserve this ancient, fading language. The album features a dozen Cherokee artists and includes a real variety of genres (类型) ranging from folk, country, and heavy metal to hip hop.
There are different ways to keep a language alive, and the album intends to bring a modern approach to the revitalization (复兴) of the Cherokee language. One promising strategy is to introduce it to young people, and what better route than to use the language of contemporary music to achieve such a meaningful goal.
“Wherever our kids are, our language needs to be there, too,” the executive director of the Cherokee Nation Language Department, Howard Paden, explained. “Our belief is very simple. The Cherokee language is so powerful that people can enjoy using it very easily and are unable to stop using it. If we can get the language around to people and make the language enter their hearts at a very young age, then they will always be connected with who we are as a people.”
Multilingualism (多语种主义) is very powerful since it provides a different way of understanding and perceiving the world. This can result in technological and scientific advancement for humankind. So preserving endangered languages like Cherokee is not only about helping specific communities affected but also about recognizing and celebrating diversity as one of humankind’s greatest strengths.
36．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To describe the features of the Cherokee language.
B．To stress the importance of learning different languages.
C．To explain why artists make the Cherokee music album.
D．To introduce the development of the Cherokee language.
37．What is the typical characteristic of the Cherokee music album
A．Diverse. B．Beautiful. C．Mysterious. D．Popular.
38．What does Howard Paden imply
A．The Cherokee language is very addictive.
B．Young people should love music in their hearts.
C．The Cherokee language is difficult for people to learn.
D．Young people should learn how to connect with others.
39．What is the best title for the text
A．Multilingualism is powerful for humankind
B．The Native American language faces a great crisis
C．Preserving endangered languages needs great efforts
D．An artistic approach to preserving a language is on track
【答案】36．C 37．A 38．A 39．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述用艺术的方式保留濒临消失的语言——用音乐专辑的方式去感染人们使用、保护语言。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段内容，结合“Two languages worldwide are lost every week. Cherokee is a highly endangered Native American language. (全世界每周都有两种语言消失。Cherokee语是一种高度濒危的美洲原住民语言。)”以及“Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly, lead to the preservation of a whole culture. The creation of an album of original songs performed in the Cherokee language is one of the most original methods. (保持一门语言的活力可以增强人们的认同感，最重要的是，它可以保护整个文化。制作一张以Cherokee语演唱的原创歌曲专辑是最具原创性的方法之一。)”可知，第一段主要讲了世界上的一些语种正在不断地消失，以及保护语言多样性的意义，旨在说明用音乐形式保留Cherokee语言的原因，故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The album features a dozen Cherokee artists and includes a real variety of genres (类型) ranging from folk, country, and heavy metal to hip hop. (这张专辑以12位Cherokee艺术家为特色，包括各种各样的类型，从民间，乡村，重金属到嘻哈。)”可知，这张内容丰富的专辑囊括了各种各样的音乐类型，故选A。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段的“The Cherokee language is so powerful that people can enjoy using it very easily and are unable to stop using it. (Cherokee语言是如此强大，人们可以很容易地享受使用它，无法停止使用它。)”可知，Cherokee容易使人迷恋，故选A。
39．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“The creation of an album of original songs performed in the Cherokee language is one of the most original methods. (制作一张以Cherokee语演唱的原创歌曲专辑是最具原创性的方法之一。)”可知，本文主要讲述用艺术的方式保留濒临消失的语言——用音乐专辑的方式去感染人们使用、保护语言。D项“用艺术的方法来保存一门语言正在走上正轨”为最佳标题，故选D。
（2024·浙江台州·二模）When instant cake mixes first appeared in the 1950s, American housewives were doubtful. These mixes, promising easy cake-baking, felt too easy. The manufacturers discovered that requiring the addition of an egg in the baking process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work. The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.
This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效应), which is identified by psychologist Michael I. Norton and his colleagues, suggesting we place greater value on things we have worked to create. They conducted four studies in which they asked participants to fold paper cranes and frogs, assemble IKEA boxes, and build sets of Legos. They then asked the builders to bid (出价) for their creations, and compared the prices with bids from people who hadn’t built them. The builders consistently outbid the non-builders.
Interestingly, the IKEA effect works even when people have no opportunity to fully personalize their creations. While most participants’ folding skills left much to be desired, they loved their imperfectly personalized products all the more. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creations nearly five times as much as non-builders. Beauty, it seems, is in the eye of the builder.
Today, as cities are suffering from severe housing crises, the IKEA effect can give us insight into the well-being benefits of a self-building approach to housing development. Projects like WikiHouse and the “half-a-house” approach pioneered by Alejandro Aravena’s architecture company Elemental are working to make housing more affordable and sustainable by making it easier for people to build and personalize their own homes.
“The moment people are involved with their built environment, they have a totally different relationship to it,” WikiHouse co-founder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the roof starts leaking or a door starts creaking, they have the power to fix it themselves.”
40．What brought customers the joy of cake-baking according to paragraph 1
A．A better taste.
B．An easy approach.
C．A detailed recipe.
D．An additional effort.
41．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply
A．Creations are based on skills.
B．Extra labor increases perceived value.
C．Beauty is found through contrast.
D．Strict management brings good quality.
42．What is Alastair Parvin’s attitude towards public involvement in housing
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
43．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To promote a brand.
B．To make a proposal.
C．To explain a concept.
D．To introduce a study.
【答案】40．D 41．B 42．D 43．C
【导语】本文是说明文。本文通过讨论宜家效应以及几个实验研究的结果，论述了人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西，并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。
40．细节理解题。根据第一段“The manufacturers discovered that requiring the addition of an egg in the baking process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work. The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.(制造商发现，在烘焙过程中加入一个鸡蛋就足以让主妇们对自己的工作感到满意。从一点点额外的劳动中获得的更大的努力感被认为是蛋糕粉后来成功的关键)”可知，额外的努力给顾客带来了蛋糕烘焙的乐趣。故选D项。
41．词句猜测题。根据前文“Interestingly, the IKEA effect works even when people have no opportunity to fully personalize their creations. While most participants’ folding skills left much to be desired, they loved their imperfectly personalized products all the more. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creations nearly five times as much as non-builders.(有趣的是，即使人们没有机会完全个性化他们的作品，宜家效应也会起作用。虽然大多数参与者的折叠技巧还有很多不足之处，但他们更喜欢自己不完美的个性化产品。建筑商对他们皱巴巴的像起重机一样的创造物的估价几乎是非建筑商的五倍)”可知，本段主要讲述额外的劳动会让参与者更喜欢自己的作品，所以Beauty, it seems, is in the eye of the builder.意为“额外的劳动增加了感知价值”。故选B项。
42．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The moment people are involved with their built environment, they have a totally different relationship to it,” WikiHouse co-founder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the roof starts leaking or a door starts creaking, they have the power to fix it themselves.”(WikiHouse的联合创始人Alastair Parvin解释说：“当人们参与到他们的建筑环境中时，他们与环境的关系就完全不同了。”“当屋顶开始漏水或门开始吱吱作响时，他们有能力自己修理。”)”可知，Alastair Parvin认为公众参与住房建设，他们与环境的关系就完全不同了，所以是持支持的态度。故选D项。
43．推理判断题。根据第二段“This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效应), which is identified by psychologist Michael I. Norton and his colleagues, suggesting we place greater value on things we have worked to create. They conducted four studies in which they asked participants to fold paper cranes and frogs, assemble IKEA boxes, and build sets of Legos. They then asked the builders to bid (出价) for their creations, and compared the prices with bids from people who hadn’t built them. The builders consistently outbid the non-builders.(这反映了心理学家迈克尔 i 诺顿(Michael I. Norton)及其同事发现的宜家效应(IKEA effect)，即我们更看重自己努力创造的东西。他们进行了四项研究，要求参与者折叠纸鹤和青蛙，组装宜家盒子，搭建乐高积木。然后，他们要求建筑商为他们的作品出价，并将价格与没有建造这些作品的人的出价进行比较。建筑商的出价始终高于非建筑商)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要解释什么是宜家效应(IKEA effect)，所以本文的目的是解释一个概念。故选C项。《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题19阅读必背333个障碍词5++续写吸睛句型仿写5+说明文写作意图题
原卷版
(
阅读理解必背
333
个障碍词
背默（
5
）
)
201. overlook v.
202. parallel n.
203. passion n.
204. pastime n.
205. peak n.
206. pedestrian n.
207. panel n.
208. pension n.
209. permanent adj.
210. perceive vt.
211. personnel n.
212. pessimistic adj.
213. phenomenon n.
214. philosophy n.
215. physician n.
216. portable adj.
217. pose vi. n.
218. postpone vt.
219. precious adj.
220. pregnant adj.
221. prejudice n.
222. prescription n.
223. preview n.
224. previous adj.
225. priority n.
226. primary adj.
227. primarily adv.
228. primitive adj.
229. privilege n.
230. precisely adv.
231. procedure n.
232. proceed vi.
233. profile n.
234. profession n.
235. property n.
236. proposal n.
237. promote v.
238. prospect n.
239. protest vi.& vt. n.
240. pursue vt.
241. psychology n.
242. punctuation n.
243. purchase vt.& n.
244. qualification n.
245. questionnaire n.
246. quote vt.& vi. n.
247. radioactive adj.
248. random adj. n.
249. rating n.
250. recall v.
(
读后续写吸睛句型仿写训练（
5
）
)
句型5：主语 +谓语，情绪类形容词短语
常见的形容词短语作状语的词：
unsure of/about不确定,
uncertain about不确定,
un aware of/that没有意识到,
determined to do决心去做,
lost in迷失,
absorbed in全神贯注
【仿写1】He ran out again, unaware that I was following him.
他又跑了出去，不知道我在跟着他。
【仿写2】She stood there in shock, unsure of what to do next.
她震惊地站在那里，不知道下一步该怎么做。
读后续写“高分句型+丰富情感”分类仿写
1.他在黑暗中摸索前进，对前方一无所知。
_____________________________________________________________________
2.她全神贯注地读书，没有注意到时间已经晚了。
_____________________________________________________________________
3.他看着窗外的雨，不确定自己是否应该出门。
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4.他对自己的未来感到不确定，不知道该如何选择。
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5.她坐在那里，陷入了沉思，不知道自己的决定是否正确。
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6.学生们专心致志地听老师讲解，没有注意到下课铃声已经响了。
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7.他在人群中寻找着，不确定是否能找到她。
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8.他突然停下，意识到自己走错了路。
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9.他对自己的表现感到满意，确信自己做得很好。
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(
阅读理解
写作意图
题
)
【名师点津】
1. 明确意图的多样化表达便于同义替换，做题留痕圈。
2. 比对四个选项，找到对应的段落句子，去伪存真。
3. 必要时学会运用排除法去排除干扰选择最佳答案。
【模拟精练】
（2023·全国·高考真题）According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1．What do solar developers often ignore
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
2．What does InSPIRE aim to do
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.
B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
3．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To conserve pollinators.
B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy.
D．To ensure the supply of energy.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay
B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture
D．Solar Farms: A New Development
（2017·全国·高考真题）The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country driving is important for keeping their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The Drive LAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to solve these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
5．What is the purpose of the Drive LAB
A．To explore new means of transport.
B．To design new types of cars.
C．To teach people traffic rules.
D．To find out older driver’s problems.
6．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe
A．It keeps them independent.
B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.
D．It cures their mental illnesses.
7．What do researchers hope to do for older people
A．Ensure their safety with the help of technology.
B．Improve their diving skills.
C．Provide advice on repairing their cars.
D．Organize regular physical checkups.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．A New Model Electric Car
B．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
C．A Solution to Traffic Problems
D．Driving Services for Elders
（23-24高三下·江西·阶段练习）Sara Dykman is on a 10,000-mile bike trip, following the monarch butterfly from Mexico through the United States and Canada and back again. The purpose of her journey is not just to mark the butterfly’s migrating (迁徙) road, but to warn about the threat it faces — and what we can do to help it.
When I reached Dykman by phone, she was biking through Iowa cornfields. She said she feels more upset than usual, because of what she is seeing — or not seeing — on her travels: Fewer butterflies and milkweed. “In the last two decades, the butterfly population has declined by about 90 percent as a result of the loss of milkweed, a native plant that the butterflies need as part of their life cycle,” she said.
Butterflies go through a four-stage life cycle. In February and March, the adult monarch butterflies come out of winter sleep to look for a mate. Then they migrate north and east to lay their eggs on milkweed plants. It takes about four days for the eggs to hatch. Then the baby caterpillars (毛毛虫) spend much of their time eating milkweed in order to grow. About two weeks later, the fully grown caterpillars will attach themselves to plant branches or leaves to change into butterflies.
But Dykman is not in total despair. A solution, she says, exists within the reach of everyone who owns a home; simply planting some milkweed in the yards to help the butterflies on their journey.
Dykman lives a life as simple and rootless as the butterflies she loves. She doesn’t own a house or car or eat out at restaurants. She carries only what she needs; a sleeping bag and clothing. People help along the way by providing a place to stay and a meal.
“I have failed at everything normal, but I’m pretty good at doing the less normal things,” she admits in her new book Cycling With Butterflies.
“But this trip is about solutions, and it’s about helping people see the consequences of their actions,” she said on the phone.
9．What is the main purpose of Sara Dykman’s bike trip
A．To live-stream the migrating butterflies.
B．To ask people to grow more native plants.
C．To warn about the environmental problems.
D．To encourage people to protect the butterflies.
10．What can be learned from paragraph 3
A．Baby caterpillars are very harmful to various crops.
B．Milkweed plays a vital role in a butterfly’s life cycle.
C．Non-native plants are growing too fast in Iowa cornfields.
D．Adult butterflies come out of winter sleep later than they did.
11．What can we learn about Sara Dykman
A．She is a determined conservationist.
B．She is a good bread-earner.
C．She is a competent employee.
D．She is a comfort seeker.
12．What is the text
A．A diary entry. B．A book review. C．An interview. D．A news report.
（2022·全国·高考真题）The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
13．What is the purpose of the project
A．To ensure harmony in care homes.
B．To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C．To raise money for medical research.
D．To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
14．How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A．She has learned new life skills.
B．She has gained a sense of achievement.
C．She has recovered her memory.
D．She has developed a strong personality.
15．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
16．What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A．It is well received.
B．It needs to be more creative.
C．It is highly profitable.
D．It takes ages to see the results.
（2024·河南濮阳·一模）As the movie Nomadland revealed to the world, ever since the 2008 financial collapse, people have mowed into vehicles as a way of surviving the high cost of living. The pandemic also fuelled an increase in the nomadic (流浪的) lifestyle.
In 2020, my co-researcher Scott Rankin and I looked at how people who live in vehicles balance work and life. This year, I continued my research to better understand why people live this way.
People of all ages and genders take part in van (面包车) living. The average age of van dwellers (居住者) was 42. After asking respondents to rank the reasons why they chose to live in a vehicle, ranked from top to bottom are: 1) freedom, 2) low cost of living, 3) adventure, 4)connection to nature,5)minimalism,6)avoiding undesirable weather,7)starting a new life, 8)pursuing work in different places, 9)working remotely, 10)to be on their own, 11)to join a partner, 12)to leave a partner.
Above all else, vehicle dwellers sought to be free. Whether they were a re tire n in a $100,000 Mercedes van, or young Canadians working from a $5 ,000 van, respondents wanted to be able to move their home to any place that was best for them. For others, living in a vehicle minimized their costs, allowing them to work less or make the most of their income without paying rent.
As it turns out, van living is not a fad. While many respondents were new to van living, on average, respondents indicated they had been living in a vehicle for an average of 2.5 years. Seventy-eight per cent of respondents permanently lived in a vehicle.
As the housing crisis deepens, we may see more people consider van living as a means of surviving the high cost of living. It will be up to the government to accept this alternative living arrangement, and consider having parking and facilities to support those who choose to live this way.
17．What’s the purpose of the author’s research
A．To advocate a new lifestyle.
B．To produce a scientific theory.
C．To understand a social phenomenon.
D．To improve some people’s living conditions.
18．What do we learn about van dwellers
A．Their top concern is money.
B．They have different motives.
C．They value family more than work.
D．They are mainly adventurous people.
19．What does the underlined word “fad” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Something that isn’t suitable for all.
B．Something that isn’t likely to last.
C．Something that is popular for long.
D．Something that attracts old people.
20．What’s the author’s attitude to van living
A．Uncaring. B．Tolerant. C．Approving. D．Opposed.
（2024·河南濮阳·一模）With the winter holiday on the way and time on your hands, you might be looking for something to read. The following are four great books for you.
The Bright Side
Chad Otis is an author and illustrator. His new book, The Bright Side, is about finding hope in desperate situations. Its hero is a boy who lives with his family in an old school bus because they can’t afford to live anywhere else. This is something Otis experienced when he was a kid. He wants kids who are going through similar struggles to know, “You are not alone. Stay strong. Stay optimistic.”
Bunheads
In Bunheads, Misty Copeland tells the story of how she fell in love with dance. As a girl. Copeland was shy and afraid of talking in front of people. Dance helped her get past her fears. “Ballet gave me a language to communicate in a way that worked for me,” she told TFK. “Ballet allowed me to speak... through my body.”
Little Daymond Learns to Earn
Linle Daymond Learns to Earn teaches kids about money. It’s by Daymond John, who is one of the stars of Shark Tank. With a little creativity and the help of his friends, little Daymond starts a small business. “Every single business that you create does one thing — it finds solutions to problems in life,” he says.
Facts vs. Opinions vs. Robots
What’s the difference between a fact and an opinion Sometimes, it can be hard to tell them apart. Facts vs. Opinions vs. Robots is a new picture book. It teaches kids about facts and opinions. The book uses robots to show the difference between the two. Michael Rex wrote and illustrated the book, in which he asks questions of the reader.
21．What is Chad Otis’s purpose in writing The Bright Side
A．To teach some life skills.
B．To share his life story.
C．To inspire kids in difficulty.
D．To help kids to make money.
22．What does Daymond John think all companies have in common
A．They put profit first.
B．They launch new products.
C．They make discoveries.
D．They focus on solving problems.
23．Who overcame fear with the help of art
A．Chad Otis. B．Michael Rex. C．Daymond John. D．Misty Copeland.
（2024·江苏·一模）New research shows that removing black rhinos’ horns (犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory (领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other.
The study, published in the journal PNAS, found that de horned South African rhinos have home ranges that are 45 per cent smaller than those of complete animals, and that they were 37 percent less likely to engage in social interactions.
“The big, dominant bulls that used to have very large territories that overlapped with a lot of females may now have much less territory and much less reproductive (繁殖的) success,” says Vanessa Duthé, who led the work at Switzerland’s University of Neuch tel.
“It’s really hard to predict the effects of this,” she says. “It doesn’t mean that population success will necessarily decline, because it might open up gaps for younger males that would not have had the space or the means before.” Indeed, a University of Bristol study published last year showed that de horning (去角) does not negatively affect populations overall.
But such unintended behavioral consequences necessarily feed into judgments about whether this highly invasive procedure is worthwhile. Remarkably, perhaps, there is little hard evidence either way. “No one’s put all the data together to say whether it’s a really effective measure,” says Duthé.
“What is clear is that the introduction of de horning and a decline in illegal hunting has occurred at the same time,” she adds. “But de horning has been accompanied by other conservation measures that may be more effective.”
“It’s incredibly complicated,” says Lucy Chimes, a member of the Bristol team. “There are so many other factors involved. You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out — fencing, patrols, staff numbers — and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.” Chimes is currently planning a project that aims to separate these and other factors. In the meantime, Duthé believes that de horning is a worthwhile tool of last course of action. “A rhino that is behaving a little bit strangely is better than a dead rhino.”
24．What is the purpose of removing the horns of black rhinos
A．To make them less sociable.
B．To protect them from being hunted.
C．To reduce their home ranges.
D．To affect their reproductive success.
25．What does the underlined phrase “invasive procedure” in paragraph 5 refer to
A．The removal of rhino horns.
B．The loss of rhino territories.
C．The impact on rhino population.
D．The change of rhino behavior.
26．What is Chimes’ attitude toward the de horning of black rhinos
A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Unconcerned. D．Uncertain.
27．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．De horning rhinos shows satisfying effects.
B．Various factors lead to the decline in illegal hunting.
C．De horning is the last action researchers will take.
D．Rhinos are supposed to behave a little bit strangely.
（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）A brown and dry lawn is not something many gardeners would boast about. But that is exactly the kind of yard competition organizers in Sweden were looking for when they launched the prize for the “World’s Ugliest Lawn”. People from around the world were invited to post pictures of their dehydrated(脱水的)grass to social media in a bid to win the uncertain honor.
The intention, according to those behind the project, was to raise awareness of “saving water on a global scale by changing the norm for green lawns”. Lawns, which can require large amounts of water to maintain, are coming under increasing examination as climate change makes periods of drought more frequent and intense.
The global initiative was launched on the official website for Gotland in Sweden. “Huge amounts of water are used to water lawns for aesthetics(美学). As the world gets warmer, lack of water in urban areas is projected to affect up to 2.4 billion people by 2050. By not watering lawns for aesthetic reasons, we can protect the availability of groundwater,” the competition organizers said.
The unlikely title has been awarded to Kathleen Murray who lives in Sandford in Tasmania, Australia. According to the organizers, Murray’s lawn “boasts deep and dry divots created by three wild bandicoots(袋狸)and not one dust-covered decimeter is wasted on watering”. Murray said in the press release about her triumph, “I am terribly proud! I knew I would have my 5 minutes of fame, even if it was for having the ugliest lawn on the planet! I am now free of ever taking care of my lawn again.”
A press release by the Gotland, office added, “For the planet and its declining stockpiles of life-giving liquid, thank you, Kathleen, as well as those naughty bandicoots damaging your lawn for the greater good.” Organizers added, “Gotland aims to show to Sweden and the world that sustainable behavior doesn’t have to be dull.”
28．What can we say about the yard competition organized in Sweden
A．People had even doubted its authenticity.
B．People worldwide were unwilling to join.
C．Its participants must be professional gardeners.
D．Its entries must agree with the existing aesthetics.
29．What is the purpose of this yard competition
A．To call on people to protect lawns.
B．To encourage people to be creative.
C．To challenge the norm of aesthetics.
D．To remind people of water shortage.
30．What does the underlined word “triumph” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Ambition. B．Success. C．Sorrow. D．Barrier.
31．What can be the best title for the text
A．People’s Whelming Reaction To A Yard Contest In Sweden
B．Lawns And Rare Bandicoots Calling For Urgent Protection
C．A Lawn Named The Ugliest Globally All For A Good Cause
D．The World’s Ugliest Lawn Unaccepted By The Whole World
（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our emotional attachments to them.
Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.
Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage.
After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.
Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously — these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.
32．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1
A．To prove an opinion.
B．To raise a subject.
C．To share an example.
D．To explain a concept.
33．How do human interact with the machines effectively
A．By improving the machines’ imagination.
B．By sharpening the machines’ language skills.
C．By applying the machines’ facial recognition.
D．By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior.
34．What does paragraph 4 focus on
A．The advancements in AI technology in lab.
B．The marketing strategies of AI applications.
C．The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI.
D．The ability of AI understanding human emotions.
35．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024
A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous.
B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon.
C．It will become a threat to human social skills.
D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology.
（2024·河南·模拟预测）Two languages worldwide are lost every week. Cherokee is a highly endangered Native American language. Currently, there are fewer than 2,000 speakers of the language remaining in the world, and the number is declining every year. Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly, lead to the preservation of a whole culture. The creation of an album of original songs performed in the Cherokee language is one of the most original methods.
Cherokee and non-Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album in the Cherokee language. This is part of a project to preserve this ancient, fading language. The album features a dozen Cherokee artists and includes a real variety of genres (类型) ranging from folk, country, and heavy metal to hip hop.
There are different ways to keep a language alive, and the album intends to bring a modern approach to the revitalization (复兴) of the Cherokee language. One promising strategy is to introduce it to young people, and what better route than to use the language of contemporary music to achieve such a meaningful goal.
“Wherever our kids are, our language needs to be there, too,” the executive director of the Cherokee Nation Language Department, Howard Paden, explained. “Our belief is very simple. The Cherokee language is so powerful that people can enjoy using it very easily and are unable to stop using it. If we can get the language around to people and make the language enter their hearts at a very young age, then they will always be connected with who we are as a people.”
Multilingualism (多语种主义) is very powerful since it provides a different way of understanding and perceiving the world. This can result in technological and scientific advancement for humankind. So preserving endangered languages like Cherokee is not only about helping specific communities affected but also about recognizing and celebrating diversity as one of humankind’s greatest strengths.
36．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To describe the features of the Cherokee language.
B．To stress the importance of learning different languages.
C．To explain why artists make the Cherokee music album.
D．To introduce the development of the Cherokee language.
37．What is the typical characteristic of the Cherokee music album
A．Diverse. B．Beautiful. C．Mysterious. D．Popular.
38．What does Howard Paden imply
A．The Cherokee language is very addictive.
B．Young people should love music in their hearts.
C．The Cherokee language is difficult for people to learn.
D．Young people should learn how to connect with others.
39．What is the best title for the text
A．Multilingualism is powerful for humankind
B．The Native American language faces a great crisis
C．Preserving endangered languages needs great efforts
D．An artistic approach to preserving a language is on track
（2024·浙江台州·二模）When instant cake mixes first appeared in the 1950s, American housewives were doubtful. These mixes, promising easy cake-baking, felt too easy. The manufacturers discovered that requiring the addition of an egg in the baking process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work. The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.
This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效应), which is identified by psychologist Michael I. Norton and his colleagues, suggesting we place greater value on things we have worked to create. They conducted four studies in which they asked participants to fold paper cranes and frogs, assemble IKEA boxes, and build sets of Legos. They then asked the builders to bid (出价) for their creations, and compared the prices with bids from people who hadn’t built them. The builders consistently outbid the non-builders.
Interestingly, the IKEA effect works even when people have no opportunity to fully personalize their creations. While most participants’ folding skills left much to be desired, they loved their imperfectly personalized products all the more. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creations nearly five times as much as non-builders. Beauty, it seems, is in the eye of the builder.
Today, as cities are suffering from severe housing crises, the IKEA effect can give us insight into the well-being benefits of a self-building approach to housing development. Projects like WikiHouse and the “half-a-house” approach pioneered by Alejandro Aravena’s architecture company Elemental are working to make housing more affordable and sustainable by making it easier for people to build and personalize their own homes.
“The moment people are involved with their built environment, they have a totally different relationship to it,” WikiHouse co-founder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the roof starts leaking or a door starts creaking, they have the power to fix it themselves.”
40．What brought customers the joy of cake-baking according to paragraph 1
A．A better taste.
B．An easy approach.
C．A detailed recipe.
D．An additional effort.
41．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply
A．Creations are based on skills.
B．Extra labor increases perceived value.
C．Beauty is found through contrast.
D．Strict management brings good quality.
42．What is Alastair Parvin’s attitude towards public involvement in housing
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
43．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To promote a brand.
B．To make a proposal.
C．To explain a concept.
D．To introduce a study.
