《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题17阅读必背333个障碍词3+续写吸睛句型仿写3+记叙文主旨大意题
解析版
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阅读理解必背
333
个障碍词
背默（
3
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)
101. emphasis n. [C] & [U] 强调；重视；重读；重音；加重语气
102. encounter vt.遇到(问题等)；偶然碰到(某人) n. [C]相遇；邂逅
103. entitle vt.给……取名/命名；使……有权利/资格
104. enhance v. 提高，改进；增强
105. enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的
106. enterprise n. 公司，组织，企业；事业心，进取心
107. establishment n. 机构，单位；建立，设立(establish vt.建立；创立)
108. evaluate v. 评价，评估
109. explicit adj.清楚明确的，直截了当的
110. extension n. 延伸，扩展
111. extraordinary adj.非凡的，特别的；异乎寻常的
112. facilitate vt.促进；使便利
113. facility n. 设施，设备；天赋，才能(同：talent)
114. feature n. 特征；特点 vt.以……为特色
115. fertilizer n. 肥料
116. finance n. 财政，金融(financial adj. 财政的，金融的)
117. flavour n. 味道；调味品，调味香料
118. flexible adj.灵活的；柔韧的；有弹性的(flexibility n. 灵活性；柔韧性)
119. flock n. 群(a flock of sheep 一群羊)
120. fragrant adj.香的；芳香的
121. function n. 功能，作用；职能 vt. 起作用；运转
122. fundamental adj.根本的；基本的，基础的
123. funeral n. 葬礼
124. gender n. [C] & [U]性
125. grocery n. 杂货；杂货店
126. guideline n. [C]指导方针；指导原则
127. habitat n. [C] & [U] (动物) 栖息地；(植物)生长地
128. harmony n. 和谐；融洽(harmonious adj. 和谐的)
129. hatred n. 仇恨
130. heartily adv.尽情地；关怀地
131. highlight v. 突出，强调 n. 最好(或最精彩)的部分
132. hint n. & v. 暗示
133. humble adj.谦卑的；地位低下的
134. immigration n. 移居(入境)；外来的移民
135. imply vt.暗示，暗指；意味着
136. incident n. (尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件
137. incredible adj.难以置信的；无法相信的；极好的
138. independence n. 独立；自主(independent adj. 独立的；自主的)
139. identical adj.同一的；完全相同的
140. individual adj.[只用于名词前] 单独的；个人的 n. [C] 个人；个体；人
141. ingredient n. 成分，食材；要素，因素
142. innocent adj.清白的，无罪的(＋of)；天真无邪的
143. innovate v. 创新，革新(innovation n. 创新)
144. inquire vi.& vt.询问；打听
145. insight n. 领悟；洞察力，眼光
146. inspection n. [U] & [C]视察；检查
147. instrument n. 乐器；工具(musical instruments 乐器)
148. install v. 安装，设置
149. intake n. 摄入量，吸入量；加入人数
150. interpersonal adj.人际的，人际关系的
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读后续写吸睛句型仿写训练（
3
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句型3：Much +to+one’s+情绪类名词, 主语+谓语
【仿写1】Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated.
作为新球队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是，我们被击败了。
【仿写2】Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise!
令家人惊讶的是，丹尼斯信守诺言！
读后续写“高分句型+丰富情感”分类仿写
1.喜悦
令我们非常高兴的是，我们团队的项目获得了投资，。
Much to our joy, our team's project got funded!
2.悲伤
令她非常伤心的是，她得知她最亲密的朋友去世，。
Greatly to her sorrow, she learned that her closest friend had passed away.
3.愤怒
当我发现有人在我的书桌上涂鸦时，我非常生气。
Much to my anger, I found someone had doodled on my desk.
4.惊讶
看到他的新发明时，我们都很惊讶。
Greatly to our surprise, we saw his new invention.
5.兴奋
令我非常兴奋的是，我被选为公司的年度最佳员工。
Much to my excitement, I was selected as the company's best employee of the year.
6.失望
令我深感失望的是，他们没有赢得比赛，。
Greatly to my disappointment, they did not win the competition.
7.紧张
令我紧张的是，明天要上台演讲。
Much to my nervousness, I have to give a speech tomorrow.
8.骄傲
看到我的女儿在比赛中获得金牌，我深感骄傲。
Greatly to my pride, I saw my daughter win a gold medal in the competition.
9.感激
在我困难的时候，他伸出援手，我非常感激。
Greatly to my gratitude, he offered a helping hand when I was in trouble.
10.担忧
看到最近的气候变化报告，我深感担忧。
Much to my concern, I read the recent climate change report.
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阅读理解记叙文
主旨
大意
题
)
【名师点津】
1. 关注题干关键词，明确具体段落，做题留痕圈。
2. 留意相应段落段首和段尾，有时需要自己提炼。
3. 联系全文首尾句，主意排除范围过大过小选项。
4. 文章主旨大意题注意选项中心词和文章关键词。
【模拟精练】
（2024·山西太原·一模）It was not until photographer Rita Nannini left New York that she grew fascinated by the city’s subways. While living in Manhattan for some 15 years in the 1980s and early 1990s, Nannini only commuted (通勤) on the one train-given the subway system’s bad reputation. But after relocating to New Jersey for several years where subway is not an option, Nannini found that absence did make the heart grow fonder — maybe even for pizza rats. During her visit back to New York, Nannini nodded, noticing improvements in the subway’s facilities.
While Nannini was waiting for a train, a bench on the platform opposite caught her attention due to the ever changing faces and characters. They were people of different accents, colors and beliefs. They were from all walks of life, a diverse mix of New Yorkers all there for their own different reasons. Having learned the teenagers’ popular “End of the Line” challenge — boarding trains at random and riding them until their final destination; Nannini decided to visit every first and last stop across the NY subway’s lines with her beloved camera.
Nannini’s “End of the Line” experience saw her traveling some 665 miles across 26 routes in New York city. She took over 8,000 photos of the final stations, as well as the communities they served. In many cases, she rode the routes two or three times over to ensure she got “the shot”. “The project really shows me how important the subway is, and how sustainable it makes our lives,” she said
“It’s often said that my photos show the end of the lines — the last stops,” she said. “But theend of the line is indeed the start for so many people. That made me think about who the people and the communities that live at the two ends are and what it is that the subway means to them.”
Nannini was proud of her set of images directly challenging the traditions of story telling, which echoed both the boredom and excitement of travel on tracks.
Nannini enjoyed taking her time, starting her challenge in 2013 and only shooting the final photos last year. Her first monograph on the terminal stops of the NY subway was released in April 2023.
“When you drive in the suburbs, you don’t have those encounters,” she continued. “People enter your life on the subway. That’s what strikes me most on my jouney on tracks.”
1．How did Nannini find the New York subway during her revisit
A．It tumed out fine.
B．It was depressing.
C．It still held the same bad reputation.
D．It would be her only commuting option.
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The diversity of New Yorkers’ daily life.
B．The inspiration for Nannini’s subway shots.
C．The popularity of “End of the Line” challenge.
D．The challenges of Nannini’s job as a photographer.
3．What can we infer from Nannini’s “End of the Line” experience
A．Her way of telling stories is traditional.
B．She expressed sympathy for the subway riders.
C．Her photography is highly expected by the encounters.
D．She found life on tracks was more interesting than life on wheels.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．“End of the Line” Challenge: A New Trend in NY Subways
B．The Road Home: Rita Nannini’s Record of her Subway Ride
C．Last Stop to New Start: A Photographer’s Rediscovery of NY Subways
D．New Yorkers’ Routine: A Surprising Mixture of Boredom andExcitement
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了摄影师丽塔 南尼尼重返纽约后对地铁始发站和终点站拍照的经历及其感慨。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But after relocating to New Jersey for several years where subway is not an option, Nannini found that absence did make the heart grow fonder — maybe even for pizza rats. During her visit back to New York, Nannini nodded, noticing improvements in the subway’s facilities(但是，在搬到新泽西州几年后，由于当地没有地铁可选，南尼尼发现，缺失反而让她的心中更加思念——也许甚至对吃披萨的老鼠来说也是如此。南尼尼回到纽约时，她点了点头，注意到地铁设施有所改善。)”可知，南尼尼再次回到纽约，她感到地铁设施有所改善，很不错。故选A项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“While Nannini was waiting for a train, a bench on the platform opposite caught her attention due to the ever changing faces and characters(南尼尼在等火车时，对面站台上的一个长椅吸引了她的注意，因为上面的人脸和角色总是不断变换着。)”以及“Having learned the teenagers’ popular “End of the Line” challenge — boarding trains at random and riding them until their final destination; Nannini decided to visit every first and last stop across the NY subway’s lines with her beloved camera.(在了解了青少年们流行的‘终点线’挑战——即随机登上火车并一直坐到终点后，南尼尼决定带着她心爱的相机，走访纽约地铁线路上的每一个首发站和终点站。)”可知，本段讲的是Nannini在地铁站看到的人物与景象，促使她决定带着她心爱的相机，走遍纽约地铁的每一站和最后一站，即本段讲述了Nannini拍摄地铁照片的灵感来源，故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““When you drive in the suburbs, you don’t have those encounters,” she continued. “People enter your life on the subway. That’s what strikes me most on my jouney on tracks.”(她继续说：‘你在郊区开车时，你不会有这样的邂逅。人们是在地铁上走进你的生活。这就是我在轨道旅途中最让我震撼的事情。’)”可推理出，南尼尼认为乘坐地铁的生活比开车的生活更有趣，故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“During her visit back toNew York, Nannini nodded, noticing improvements in the subway’s facilities(在回访纽约期间南尼尼点头称赞，注意到地铁设施的改善。)”、第四段“It’s often said that my photos show the end of the lines — the last stops,” she said. “But the end of the line is indeed the start for so many people. That made me think about who the people and the communities that live at the two ends are and what it is that the subway means to them”(‘人们常说我的照片展示了线路的终点——最后一站。’她说：‘但对于那些很多人来说，终点实际上是起点。这让我思考起生活在两端的人们和社区是谁，以及地铁对他们意味着什么。’)”以及最后一段““When you drive in the suburbs, you don’t have those encounters,” she continued. “People enter your life on the subway. That ‘s what strikes me most on my jouney on tracks.’(她继续说：‘你在郊区开车时，你不会有这样的邂逅。人们是在地铁上走进你的生活。这就是我在轨道旅途中最让我震撼的事情。’)”可知本文主要讲的是摄影师丽塔 南尼尼重返纽约后对地铁始发站和终点站拍照的经历及其感慨；C项“Last Stop to New Start: A Photographer’s Rediscovery of NY Subways(最后一站到新起点：摄影师重新发现纽约地铁)”能够概括文章主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。
（2024·安徽池州·二模）In 1999, Giuliana Furci, founder and founding director of the Fungi (真菌) Foundation, developed a deep interest in fungi. They were everywhere, and the 20-year-old took particular joy in the variety of mushrooms: small and button-shaped; tall and umbrella-like; round with red caps topped with white flakes. Some were commonly found in people’s diets, for they were rich in nutrients such as vitamin, fiber, minerals and protein.
But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignored in Chile, where there were few guidebooks and an almost total lack of policies and resources to protect them from over-harvesting and other human activities. Determined to correct this, Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a nonprofit dedicated to fungi conservation. In her guide, special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.
“Life on the planet wouldn’t exist without fungi,” said Greg Mueller, a mushroom conservation expert. “Because of their relationship with forests and trees, we can’t survive without fungi. In terms of the health of the planet, they’re incredibly important to humans and the overall ecosystem.” Fungi can break down plants and animals, thus cycling nutrients and increasing their availability in the soil. They are also important contributors to the soil carbon stock through the same process. What’s more, fungi have been found to help degrade (降解) various pollutants, such as plastic. And mycelium (菌丝体), which is the root structure of mushrooms, is now being used to replace unsustainable materials, such as plastic and animal-based products.
Because of these, exploration of fungi was expanded at a faster pace. However, some were already listed as critically endangered. In 2010, Furci took an even bigger step—with other environmental nonprofits, she put forward a proposal for the government to systematically assess how large new developments such as housing, dams, and highways affect fungi. In 2012, a law was passed and Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.
5．What can we learn about Furci from the first two paragraphs
A．She enjoyed collecting mushrooms.
B．She was fond of cooking mushrooms.
C．She worried about the situation of fungi.
D．She had a habit of writing field guidebooks.
6．What is Paragraph 3 of the text mainly about
A．The life on earth without fungi.
B．The importance of fungi on earth.
C．The relations between trees and fungi.
D．The practical uses of fungi in the future.
7．How did Furci protect the ecosystem
A．By writing free instructions on plants.
B．By starting a non-profit ecotourism company.
C．By raising awareness of the importance of fungi.
D．By passing laws to ban over-harvesting mushrooms.
8．Which of the following best describes Furci’s work
A．Ground-breaking. B．Debatable.
C．Romantic. D．Unmatched.
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Furci意识到真菌对地球上生命的重要性后通过写指南、成立基金会等方式来呼吁人们关注并保护真菌。她和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过了一项保护真菌的法律。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignored in Chile, where there were few guidebooks and an almost total lack of policies and resources to protect them from over-harvesting and other human activities. (但弗奇也很快意识到，这些真菌在智利基本上被忽视了，那里几乎没有指导手册，几乎完全缺乏保护它们免受过度捕捞和其他人类活动影响的政策和资源)”可知，Furci担心真菌的现状。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。根据本段第一句““Life on the planet wouldn’t exist without fungi,” said Greg Mueller, a mushroom conservation expert. (“如果没有真菌，地球上的生命就不会存在，”蘑菇保护专家格雷格·穆勒说)”并结合本段其他内容可知，本段主要介绍了真菌对地球上生命的重要性。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Determined to correct this, Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a nonprofit dedicated to fungi conservation. In her guide, special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.(为了纠正这一点，弗奇写了一本野外指南，并成立了真菌基金会——一个致力于真菌保护的非营利组织。在她的指南中，特别关注了真菌在生态系统中的作用)”可知，为了保护真菌，Furci写了指南并成立了真菌基金会。由此推知，Furci通过提高人们对真菌重要性的认识来保护真菌。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In 2010, Furci took an even bigger step—with other environmental nonprofits, she put forward a proposal for the government to systematically assess how large new developments such as housing, dams, and highways affect fungi. In 2012, a law was passed and Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.(2010年，Furci与其他环保非营利组织一起迈出了更大的一步，她向政府提出了一项建议，要求政府系统评估住房、水坝和高速公路等大型新开发项目对真菌的影响。2012年，智利通过了一项法律，成为世界上第一个以法律保护真菌的国家)”可知，Furci和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过一项保护真菌的法律。由此推知，Furci的工作是有开创性的。故选A。
（2024·云南·二模）Jack, a clinical nurse specialist, retied on his 65th birthday. He told his wife, Sally, he would “start out as an adventure cyclist.”
Four months later, he set off on a 13, 000 km cycle ride from Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia to Edinburgh, much of it roughly shadowing Marco Polo’s Silk Road. No sooner had he started out than a snowstorm hit. He hid in his tent, wearing every item of clothing he had packed. At -18℃ it was too cold to go outside to cook. He survived the next 48 hours by eating a massive bag of chocolates. So it is a surprise to hear Jack say that he has never feared for his life. “Never. There’s always something to be curious about,” he says.
In 2018, hero de from Edinburgh to Istanbul to earn a place in Guinness World Records. “There are very few records a man over 60 can break,” he says. During the trip, he got a dozen punctures (轮胎上刺破的小孔). But he fixed each one. “I’ve always been serious about purpose. If something is to be done, it is to be done properly. People go forwards and people go backwards. The difficult bit is managing the times when people go backwards,” he says. “Don’t let the moment ruin the whole thing.”
He turns 71 this year. He is about to begin the 1, 407 km trip to John O’Groats. It sounds tough but he insists “it just a matter of spinning the wheels.” Still, they don’t spin on their own. His daughter, a yoga teacher, has suggested weights to maintain muscle mass. His son, a cyclist, keeps him up to speed on the latest technology.
Jack is planning new rides in France next year, and beyond that hopes “to spread my wings further. There is peace on a bicycle,” he says. “The joy is the actual doing of the activity. Going further means you’re just doing more of something you enjoy.”
9．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The scenery Jack saw along the way.
B．The challenges Jack faced in the journey.
C．The lessons Jack learned from the journey.
D．The preparations Jack made for the journey.
10．Which does Jack probably approve of according to paragraph 3
A．It’s never too old to learn. B．It’s never too late tom end.
C．Never do things by halves. D．Time and tide wait no man.
11．Who give support to Jack for the trip
A．A cyclist and a specialist. B．His yoga teacher and Sally.
C．His daughter and son. D．The doctors and nurses.
12．Which of the following can best describe Jack
A．Generous and creative. B．Ambitious and persistent.
C．Confident and considerate. D．Imaginative and sympathetic.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了主人公杰克，一位临床护理专家，在他65岁退休后开始自行车骑行冒险的经历。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“No sooner had he started out than a snowstorm hit. He hid in his tent, wearing every item of clothing he had packed. At -18℃ it was too cold to go outside to cook. He survived the next 48 hours by eating a massive bag of chocolates.”（他刚出发，暴风雪就来了。他躲在帐篷里，穿着他打包好的每一件衣服。零下18摄氏度的天气太冷了，不能出去做饭。在接下来的48小时里，他吃了一大袋巧克力。）可知，第二段主要讲的是杰克在旅途中面临的挑战。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“During the trip, he got a dozen punctures (轮胎上刺破的小孔). But he fixed each one. “I’ve always been serious about purpose. If something is to be done, it is to be done properly. People go forwards and people go backwards. The difficult bit is managing the times when people go backwards,” he says. “Don’t let the moment ruin the whole thing.””（在旅途中，他被扎了十几次。但他把每个问题都解决了。“我一直对目标很认真。如果要做某件事，就要做得恰当。有人向前走，有人向后走。困难之处在于应对人们倒退的局面，”他表示。“别让这一刻毁了一切。”）提到他在轮胎被扎破后修补轮胎的事以及他所说的话，由此可知，他是一个做事情追求完美、不轻易半途而废的人。故选C项。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“His daughter, a yoga teacher, has suggested weights to maintain muscle mass. His son, a cyclist, keeps him up to speed on the latest technology.”（他的女儿是一名瑜伽老师，她建议通过举重来保持肌肉质量。他的儿子是一名自行车手，他让他了解最新的科技。）可知，他的女儿和儿子对他的骑行给予了支持。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“Jack is planning new rides in France next year, and beyond that hopes “to spread my wings further. There is peace on a bicycle,” he says. “The joy is the actual doing of the activity. Going further means you’re just doing more of something you enjoy.””（杰克计划明年去法国玩新的游乐设施，除此之外，他还希望“把翅膀伸得更远”。自行车上有一种宁静，”他说。“快乐是活动的实际过程。走得更远意味着你在做更多你喜欢的事情。”）可推知，他是一个有雄心且为目标坚持不懈的人。故选B项。
（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）On a recent visit to her family home in Atlanta, Stella came across some papers from her tenth- grade English class. Looking at her essays and the notes, Stella was struck by how the work she did in that class informed her work now as an editor. Her teacher, Mr. Newman, always encouraged his students to dig deeper. Stella learned that the best way to understand literature is by asking, “What is this work trying to accomplish ” Now, when she sits down to edit a manuscript (手稿) that’s one of two guiding questions Stella asks herself, followed by, “How can I help the author fully realize that vision ”
Those questions were at the top of Stella’s mind when Freewater by Amina landed on her desk. As Stella made editorial suggestions, she was mindful of the balancing act involved in writing about a topic as painful as slavery and doing so through the eyes of a child. Stella kept a kid reader in mind-someone who might have learned only a part of this history. Stella and Amina went back and forth in phone calls, e-mails, editorial letters, and notes directly in the manuscript, until they agreed that Freewater was exactly where it needed to be.
The novel hit bookshelves on February 1, 2022, and nearly a year later was awarded the John Newbery Medal. Amina became only the third Black woman to be awarded that medal in the award’s one-hundred-and-one-year history, and Stella became the first Black editor to edit a Newbery-winning book.
Stella’s strategic approach to editing, personal warmth, and keen editorial insight have won her universal admiration from authors and colleagues, who also enjoy her sense of humor and infectious laugh. She is a powerful advocate for all the authors in her orbit, which recently came to include her mother, Wanda M. Morris, whose novel All Her Little Secrets has been widely acclaimed and even optioned for TV.
13．What’s Stella’s tenth-grade English teacher like
A．Humorous. B．Determined. C．Inspiring. D．Cautious.
14．What’s Stella’s major concern as an editor
A．The novelty of the manuscript.
B．The writer’s purpose of writing.
C．The writer’s understanding of literature.
D．The practical significance of the work.
15．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why Amina created Freewater. B．Who Freewater is intended for.
C．What message Freewater conveys. D．How Stella helped improve Freewater.
16．What does the underlined word “acclaimed” mean in paragraph 4
A．Applied. B．Adapted. C．Praised. D．Shared.
【答案】13．C 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了编辑Stella在其职业生涯中的专业态度、策略方法以及取得的重要成就。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Her teacher, Mr. Newman, always encouraged his students to dig deeper. Stella learned that the best way to understand literature is by asking, “What is this work trying to accomplish ”(她的老师纽曼先生总是鼓励学生们深入探究。Stella从中学到，理解文学作品的最好方式就是问：“这部作品试图完成什么目标？”)”可推理出，这位老师是一个善于启发孩子们的心智的人，故选C项。
14．
推理判断题。根据第一段““What is this work trying to accomplish ” Now, when she sits down to edit a manuscript (手稿) that’s one of two guiding questions Stella asks herself, followed by, “How can I help the author fully realize that vision ”(这部作品试图达成什么样的目标？现在，当Stella坐下来编辑手稿时，这是她问自己的两个指导性问题之一，紧接着的问题是，“我该如何帮助作者充分实现这一愿景？”)”可推理出，Stella作为编辑主要关心的是作者的写作目的，故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“As Stella made editorial suggestions, she was mindful of the balancing act involved in writing about a topic as painful as slavery and doing so through the eyes of a child(在Stella提出编辑建议时，她留意到了这其中的平衡把握：既要撰写像奴隶制这样痛苦的主题，又要通过一个孩子的视角来呈现这一主题。)”以及“Stella and Amina went back and forth in phone calls, e-mails, editorial letters, and notes directly in the manuscript, until they agreed that Freewater was exactly where it needed to be(Stella 和 Amina 通过电话、电子邮件、编辑信件以及直接在手稿上的注释反复沟通交流，直到她们一致认为《Freewater》已经达到了应有的状态。)”可得出，第二段主要讲的是Stella 如何帮助改进《Freewater》，故选D项。
16．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词下文“even optioned for TV(甚至被选中改编为电视剧)”可知，小说被选中改编为电视剧，可推理出小说本身被高度“评价”，故选C项。
（2024·四川成都·二模）My passion for the field of dietetics (营养学) started at a very young age. Ever since I can remember, I have been dreaming of becoming a pastry chef.
I grew up being part of various sports teams. As I grew older, I noticed how food influenced my performance as an athlete. I started reading more about nutrition and signed up for an introductory nutrition course during my first year of college.
However, I noticed when I entered my dietetics classes, that I looked quite different from most students. I was the only ethnically diverse student in my classes.
My mom was born in Austria and my father in Iran. They met in Austria and moved to the US. before my brother and I were born. They exposed us to their own traditional cultural foods, and I grew up eating a fusion of Iranian and Austrian dishes.
I remember never having a taste for school cafeteria food, so I always requested my mom pack me lunch. She would pack me leftovers from dinner, such as a kuku sabzi, a Persian egg and herb frittata, or schnitzel with dartoffelsalat, a customary Austrian dish of fried breaded chicken. At times, I felt embarrassed about my meals, and would hide these from my peers to avoid the horrible question of, “Ew, what is that ” However, over time, and once I became a qualified RD (注册营养师), I realized my unique background allowed me to connect more deeply with others from different cultures.
I encouraged my clients (客户) to share what they grew up eating and what foods were customary to their unique upbringing. I developed nutrition recommendations for my clients that included traditional staples from their heritage culture. These experiences and my dual heritage background empowered me to encourage my clients and other RDs to proudly share their unique cultural foods, to stop feeling embarrassed, but instead embrace our differences and increase cultural awareness in the field of dietetics.
17．What led the author to take the nutrition course in his college
A．His dream of being a pastry chef as a child. B．His poverty in essential nutrition for health.
C．His thirst for dietetics knowledge all his life. D．His awareness of the influence of food on health.
18．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The author’s favorite dishes. B．The author’s mixed identities.
C．The author’s memory of his parents. D．The author’s culture tendency.
19．Why was the author afraid of being questioned about his meals
A．His meals were supplied free by his school. B．His meals looked strange from his school’s.
C．His meals were most likely to be bad to taste. D．His meals took his Mom much time to make.
20．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To criticize people’s cultural prejudice. B．To share his unique growth experiences.
C．To encourage embracing cultural diversity. D．To reveal his complex family composition.
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者独特的家庭文化背景成就了他自小的梦想——注册营养师。作者希望通过他的成长经历，激励人们拥抱多元文化，在营养学领域增强文化融合的意识。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“I grew up being part of various sports teams. As I grew older, I noticed how food influenced my performance as an athlete. I started reading more about nutrition and signed up for an introductory nutrition course during my first year of college.(我从小就是各种运动队的一员。随着年龄的增长，我注意到食物是如何影响我作为运动员的表现的。我开始阅读更多关于营养学的书籍，并在大学一年级时报名参加了营养学入门课程)”可知，对食物对健康影响的认识促使作者在大学里选修了营养学课程。故选D。
18．主旨大意题。根据第四段“My mom was born in Austria and my father in Iran. They met in Austria and moved to the U. S. before my brother and I were born. They exposed us to their own traditional cultural foods, and I grew up eating a fusion of Iranian and Austrian dishes.(我妈妈出生在奥地利，我爸爸出生在伊朗。他们在奥地利相遇，在我和哥哥出生之前搬到了美国。他们让我们接触到他们自己的传统文化食物，我从小就吃着伊朗和奥地利的混合菜肴)”可知，第四段主要讲的是作者的复杂身份。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据第五段“She would pack me leftovers from dinner, such as a kuku sabzi, a Persian egg and herb frittata, or schnitzel with dartoffelsalat, a customary Austrian dish of fried breaded chicken. At times, I felt embarrassed about my meals, and would hide these from my peers to avoid the horrible question of, “Ew, what is that ”(她会给我打包晚餐的剩菜，比如kuku sabzi，一种波斯鸡蛋和香草煎蛋饼，或者炸肉排配火腿沙拉，一种奥地利传统的炸面包屑鸡。有时，我对自己的饭菜感到尴尬，会把这些东西藏起来，不让同龄人知道，以避免被人问：“噢，这是什么？”)”可知，作者在求学期间，总是在家自带午餐到校，受家庭文化背景的影响，作者的午餐有着浓浓的异域特色，这与学校的食物相比，看起来奇特怪异，因此作者害怕同学们询问午餐的事，因为在同学们的眼里，作者是“另类”。可推知，作者害怕被问及他的饮食因为他的饭菜看起来和学校的很不一样。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“These experiences and my dual heritage background empowered me to encourage my clients and other RDs to proudly share their unique cultural foods, to stop feeling embarrassed, but instead embrace our differences and increase cultural awareness in the field of dietetics.(这些经历和我的双重文化背景使我能够鼓励我的客户和其他注册营养师自豪地分享他们独特的文化食物，不要感到尴尬，而是拥抱我们的差异，提高营养领域的文化意识)”结合文章主要讲述了作者独特的家庭文化背景成就了他自小的梦想——注册营养师。作者希望通过他的成长经历，激励人们拥抱多元文化，在营养学领域增强文化融合的意识。故作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励拥抱文化多样性。故选C。
（2024·山东青岛·一模）The Music Educator Award, this year, went to Annie Ray, an orchestra(管弦乐队)director at Annandale High School.She was recognized for her efforts to make music accessible to all students, particularly those with disabilities.Ray got to attend the awards ceremony in Los Angeles and bring home a $10,000 prize.
Ray created the Crescendo Orchestra for students with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities, as well as a parent orchestra that teaches nearly 200 caregivers a year to play the same instrument as their child.Ray also works with a local charity to give damaged instruments a second life in her classroom.
The orchestra is about much more than just making music.The most important is to give students a chance to develop their cooperation skills, make mistakes and learn the art of refining something.Ray pushes her students to be brave, go outside their comfort zone and realize they have to learn how to make bad sounds before learning how to make good sounds.And they teach her a lot in return.” They changed my educational philosophy.I understand what it truly means to meet a student where they’re at and apply that elsewhere,” she said.
The warm reception on the ceremony was meaningful.Actually, not many people understand what exactly music educators do or how much their work matters.While her administration is supportive, that lack of understanding is a problem facing the profession in general.Another is resources.She says her school “desperately” needs new instruments.She will use some of her prize money to buy more.
Ray also plans to put some of the money towards an ongoing scholarship for students who want to pursue music when they graduate.She knows of several, those particularly interested in music, and aims to offer financial support needed to realize their musical dreams” It is hard but truly satisfying,” Ray said.“And there’s nothing else like it for them.”
21．What can we learn about Ray from the first two paragraphs
A．She hosted the award ceremony. B．She brought music to more people.
C．She gave away instruments to the poor. D．She founded a local charity for children.
22．What do students benefit most from the orchestra
A．They acquire in-depth musical knowledge. B．They make friends with the like-minded.
C．They gain personal growth from playing music. D．They improve their connections with educators.
23．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about
A．The reception on the ceremony. B．Importance of music education.
C．Challenges for music educators. D．Plans to obtain resources.
24．What does Ray find satisfying according to the last paragraph
A．Winning a scholarship. B．Developing interest in music.
C．Making musical achievements. D．Transforming dreams into reality.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．C 24．D
【导语】本文是记叙文。本文讲述音乐教育工作者Ray把音乐带给更多的人，并因此获得了音乐教育工作者奖。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“She was recognized for her efforts to make music accessible to all students, particularly those with disabilities.(她因努力让所有学生，特别是残疾学生都能接触到音乐而受到认可)”和第二段的“Ray created the Crescendo Orchestra for students with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities, as well as a parent orchestra that teaches nearly 200 caregiver s a year to play the same instrument as their child. (雷为有严重智力和发育障碍的学生创建了Crescendo管弦乐队，同时还成立了一个家长管弦乐队，每年教近200名照顾者和他们的孩子演奏同样的乐器)”可知，她把音乐带给了更多人。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The most important is to give students a chance to develop their cooperation skills, make mistakes and learn the art of refining something.Ray pushes her students to be brave, go outside their comfort zone and realize they have to learn how to make bad sounds before learning how to make good sounds. (最重要的是给学生一个机会来发展他们的合作技能，犯错误和学习改进的艺术。雷鼓励她的学生要勇敢，走出他们的舒适区，并意识到在学习如何发出好声音之前，他们必须先学会如何发出坏声音。)”可知，学生从弹奏音乐中获得最大的益处是个人成长。故选C。
23．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容“Actually, not many people understand what exactly music educators do or how much their work matters.While her administration is supportive, that lack of understanding is a problem facing the profession in general. Another is resources.She says her school “desperately” needs new instruments.She will use some of her prize money to buy more.( 实际上，没有多少人真正了解音乐教育者到底是做什么的，也没有多少人了解他们的工作有多重要。虽然她的政府是支持的，但缺乏理解是整个行业面临的一个问题。另一个是资源。她说，她的学校“迫切”需要新的仪器。她会用一些奖金买更多的东西)”可知，本段主要讲述了音乐教育工作者面临的困难。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段的“She knows of several, those particularly interested in music, and aims to offer financial support needed to realize their musical dreams.” It is hard but truly satisfying,” Ray said.“And there’s nothing else like it for them.”(她认识几个对音乐特别感兴趣的人，她的目标是为他们提供实现音乐梦想所需的经济支持。“这很难，但确实令人满意，”雷说。“对他们来说，没有什么比这更好的了。”)”可知，令雷满意的事帮助对音乐特别感兴趣的人实现音乐梦想。故选D。
（2024·浙江·模拟预测）In 1975, a San Diego homemaker named Marjorie Rice came across a column in Scientific American about tiling (瓷砖). There is a problem which has interested mathematicians since ancient Greek times. After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes. “I thought she was just drawing casually (随意),” her daughter Kathy said. But Rice who took only one year of math in high school, was actually discovering never-before-seen patterns.
Born in Florida, she loved learning and particularly her brief exposure to math, but tight budget and social culture prevented her family from even considering that she might attend college. “For Rice, math was a pleasure,” her son David once said.
Rice gave one of her sons a subscription to Scientific American partly because she could read it carefully while the children were at school. When she read Gardner’s column about tiling as she later recalled in an interview: “I thought it must be wonderful that someone could discover these beautiful patterns which no one had seen before.” She also wrote in an essay, “My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted to understand every detail of it. Lacking a mathematical background, I developed my own symbol system and in a few months discovered a new type.”
Astonished and delighted, she sent her work to Gardner, who sent it to Doris, a tiling expert at Moravian College. Doris confirmed that Rice’s finding was correct.
Later, Rice declined to lecture on her discoveries, citing shyness, but at Doris’s invitation, she attended a university mathematics meeting, where she was introduced to the audience. Rice still said nothing of her achievements to her children, but they eventually found out as the awards mounted.
25．Why did Rice often draw shapes in the kitchen
A．To become a mathematician. B．To explore the secret of tiling.
C．To fill her leisure time. D．To show her passion for drawing.
26．What can we learn about Rice from Paragraphs 2 and 3
A．She longed to start a column. B．She was rejected from a college.
C．She was good at designing patterns. D．She succeeded in developing a system.
27．What is the text mainly about
A．The magic of math. B．The efforts of Rice.
C．The humility of Rice. D．The patterns of tiling.
28．What can we learn from the Rice’s experience
A．Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Practice makes perfect.
【答案】25．B 26．D 27．B 28．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，1975年，圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里 赖斯（Marjorie Rice ）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案。
25．推理判断题。由第一段中“After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes. (Rice偶然接触瓷砖后，家人经常看到她在厨房里不停地画形状)”和第三段中“She also wrote in an essay, “My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted to understand every detail of it. (她还在一篇文章中写道，“我对这个主题很感兴趣，我想了解它的每一个细节)”可知，Rice对瓷砖这个主题很感兴趣，想了解它的每一个细节，可得出因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，所以Rice经常在厨房里画形状。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。由第三段中“Lacking a mathematical background, I developed my own symbol system and in a few months discovered a new type. (由于缺乏数学背景，我开发了自己的符号系统，并在几个月内发现了一种新的类型)”可知，Rice成功地开发了一个系统。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，1975年，圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里 赖斯（Marjorie Rice ）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案，B项“赖斯的努力”符合文意。故选B项。
28．推理判断题。通读全文可知，1975年，圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里 赖斯（Marjorie Rice ）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案，文章告诉我们“世上无难事，只怕有心人（Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.）”。故选A项。
（2024·浙江嘉兴·二模）I have always been proud of my handwriting, a skill I was taught in grade school. The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method, drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot. We were strictly prohibited from using block letters on our homework, as they lack the beauty.
Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive(草书). They type everything, mostly on their phones. Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past. This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.
But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards. They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent, but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written. One friend went so far as to ask if I could use block letters next time so that she could understand what I was writing.
Initially, I was angry. I had made the effort to cover an entire postcard with what I viewed as not just handwriting but calligraphy. But then I showed an English friend a postcard I'd just written, and he said that the only thing that was readily understandable was the letters “U. S. A．” The rest of it, he politely suggested, looked like “chicken scrawl”.
Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point. All the m’s and n’s run together, and the l’s look like l’s. The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s. So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.
In fact, I just now sent an old friend a postcard. But this time, I simply wrote—in big block letters:
DEAR ALICE:
HI.
JOE.
I hope she gets the message.
29．What do we know about the Palmer Penmanship Method
A．It is characterized by big flowing lines. B．It is rarely appreciated by traditionalists.
C．It was not allowed in students'homework. D．It is viewed as a trend in handwriting styles.
30．What weakened the writer’s belief in cursive
A．The popularity of block letters in recent times.
B．The younger generation’s disinterest in cursive.
C．His friends’ failure to comprehend his postcards.
D．His English friend's suggestion on postcard design.
31．Why did the writer switch to block letters for communication
A．To deliver his message clearly. B．To improve his handwriting skills.
C．To win praise from his friends. D．To show his passion for calligraphy.
32．What is the text mainly about
A．The wide use of cursive. B．The sad decline of cursive.
C．The value of preserving cursive. D．The technique of writing in cursive.
【答案】29．A 30．C 31．A 32．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小学时对自己的草书书法感到自豪，到意识到现代趋势使草书变得不那么实用和容易理解的历程。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美丽，但看不懂他们手写的明信片，所以为了清晰起见，他决定改用印刷体。这一转变象征着一个更广泛的社会转变，从手写交流向打字交流转变，显示了传统美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method, drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.”（老师正在教我们帕尔默书法法，在我们写g和s以及美丽的f时，向我们灌输形成大而流畅的线条的重要性，在我的脑海中，f就像童话故事中的公主戴着华丽的帽子，同时伸出右脚）可知，帕尔默书法它的特点是线条大而流畅。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards. They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent, but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written.”（但最近发生的一件事动摇了我对草书的信心。让我完全难以置信的是，我的两个好朋友竟然抱怨我明信片上的字迹。他们很感激我定期寄给他们的漂亮明信片，但他们说他们真的看不懂我写的东西）可知，作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point. All the m’s and n’s run together, and the l’s look like l’s. The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s. So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.”（冷静地看着明信片，我不情愿地承认他说得有道理。所有的m和n连在一起，l看起来像l。a和q是无法区分的。所以，从现在开始，我接受他们的建议，用大写字母交流）可知，作者改用大写字母来交流是为了清楚地传达他的信息。故选A项。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive. They type everything, mostly on their phones. Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past. This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.”（现在很明显，年轻人不再学草书了。他们用手机打字。漂亮的书法是过去的事了。这已经成为传统主义者巨大悲伤的来源）可知，文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落。故选B项。
（2024·福建泉州·三模）Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical and livable ones.
For about $220,000, he purchased a Greek airliner — a Boeing 727-400 — that logged about 40,000 flights in its peak. Before Campbell got his hands on his Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in, this aircraft saw regular use as it transported all kinds of people to all sorts of destinations.
After the successful transform, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party.
This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. He wanted the general public to find out that planes are capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions thanks to its sealed pressure technology.
Campbell adored the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to “inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource”.
33．What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane
A．Its high residential comfort level. B．Its remarkable transporting capacity.
C．The incredibly high transformation cost. D．The Facebook post of a party held on it.
34．What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as
A．A tsunami warning center. B．A meeting place for local community.
C．A temporary shelter in disasters. D．An engineering workshop.
35．Why did Campbell transform the planes
A．To direct attention to housing problems. B．To satisfy his scientific curiosity.
C．To advocate a greener life style. D．To call for participation in recycling.
36．What is the text mainly about
A．A former engineer turning retired planes into home.
B．Recent trends of renaissance-themed decoration.
C．A talented home designer receiving online fame.
D．Diverse approaches for sustainable living.
【答案】33．D 34．C 35．D 36．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“After the successful transform, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party. (改造成功后，他和几个朋友举办了一场大型DJ舞会。这场名为A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods的派对就发生在机翼上！参加派对的客人也有机会看到飞机回家。总的来说，他们得到了1.4万名Facebook用户的关注，他们对这场听起来不可思议的派对感兴趣。)”可知，Facebook上举办派对的帖子吸引了公众对Campbell第一架改装飞机的广泛关注，故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. (这位才华横溢的工程师在2018年初在九州岛海岸买了另一架飞机，开始了他的第二架飞机之家，因为他希望它也能成为当地社区的一个安全的地方。Bruce Campbell的部分设想是制造一架客机，在海啸威胁发出时，它可以兼作救生艇。)”可知，Campbell认为第二架飞机可以用作灾难中的临时避难所，故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据第一段“Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical-and livable ones. (Bruce Campbell是一位退休的电气工程师，他想通过展示我们如何把旧的东西回收利用成新的、实用的、宜居的东西来改变人类的行为。)”和最后一段“Campbell adored the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to ‘inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource’. (Campbell很喜欢回收飞机所带来的兴奋感，他希望人们在参观和活动期间有机会看到他的家后，会认真考虑这件事。他在自己的网站上表示，他的目标是‘激发人们对如何利用这一非凡资源的思考复兴’。)”可知，Campbell改造飞机是为了呼吁市民参与循环再造。故选D。
36．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical-and livable ones. (Bruce Campbell是一位退休的电气工程师，他想通过展示我们如何把旧的东西回收利用成新的、实用的、宜居的东西来改变人类的行为。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事，A项“一位前工程师把退役的飞机变成了家”能够总结文章大意，故选A。
（2024·吉林延边·一模）When Jenny Streete began caring for older people more than 50 years ago, prejudice was part of her everyday working life. Streete, who grew up in Jamaica and came to England in 1967, had a way of dealing with it: “Just put a smile on your face,” she says. “If you let bad words into your brain, it will only cause you more harm.”
The 81-year-old remembers one instance of abuse.
Streete says: “The sister who was managing the ward (病房) tried to calm a woman down. But I told the sister to let her say what she has to say. I don’t mind.”
The next night, Streete noticed the woman’s blanket had fallen off. She replaced it, telling the patient in a low voice exactly what she was doing and why. The same thing happened the next night, and the next. “But then, the night that I was off duty, that same woman asked the sister: ‘Where is that black lady I don’t want anyone else to look after me while she is on duty. She was so kind.’”
Brought up by her grandparents, Streete found her vocation after a mystery illness that nearly killed her, and left her with permanently damaged vision. She got better, she says, because of “loving care and tenderness”. When she came to England, she was determined to give that care to others.
And Streete hopes to carry on caring for older people as long as possible — although, she says, her children are urging her to retire. She currently works two nights a week in an end-of-life ward which provides specialist nursing. Many of the people she looks after are now a similar age to her.
Her preference for night shifts hasn’t changed, either. She frequently stays on after her shift is finished, to spend time with residents.
She urges those considering a career in care to think hard about why they’re choosing it. “Sometimes, people are not happy because they don’t want to do the job — they have to do it, because there is no other way. Wanting to do it is very different from having to do it.”
But the key quality a care worker needs, she says, is patience, “Some people like to do everything quick-quick-quick, but you have to take your time with residents. I just try to treat everybody the way I would like to be treated.”
37．What do we know about Jenny Streete
A．She never accepts others’ words.
B．She minded so much when abused.
C．She fell ill when she left Jamaica.
D．She has her own opinions about nursing.
38．What motivated Streete to choose her lifelong occupation
A．Her love for England. B．The tender care she got.
C．Older people’s prejudice. D．Her grandparents’ encouragement.
39．What qualities does Streete possess as a nurse
A．Serious and wise. B．Positive but stubborn.
C．Responsible and patient. D．Honest but indifferent.
40．What is the passage mainly about
A．Jenny Streete’s care for others in her whole life.
B．Jenny Streete’s advice on how to find a good job.
C．Jenny Streete’s experiences of fighting disease.
D．Jenny streete’s determination to remove prejudice.
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珍妮·斯特里特从事护理行业的一生和她对护理的看法。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Streete, who grew up in Jamaica and came to England in 1967, had a way of dealing with it: “Just put a smile on your face,” she says. “If you let bad words into your brain, it will only cause you more harm.”(斯特里特在牙买加长大，1967年来到英国，她有一种应对方法：“只要脸上带着微笑，”她说。“如果你让坏消息进入你的大脑，它只会给你带来更多的伤害。”)”可知，Jenny Streete对护理有自己的见解。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Brought up by her grandparents, Streete found her vocation after a mystery illness that nearly killed her, and left her with permanently damaged vision. She got better, she says, because of “loving care and tenderness”. When she came to England, she was determined to give that care to others.(斯特里特由她的祖父母抚养长大，在一场神秘的疾病几乎要了她的命，并使她的视力永久受损后，她找到了自己的职业。她说，由于“关爱和温柔”，她的病情有所好转。当她来到英国时，她决定把这种照顾带给别人)”可知，Streete曾由于疾病备受照顾，当她好了之后，她决定照顾别人。故选B项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“She urges those considering a career in care to think hard about why they’re choosing it.(她敦促那些考虑从事护理行业的人好好想想自己为什么要选择这个行业)”可推知，她认真负责；根据文章最后一段“But the key quality a care worker needs, she says, is patience, “Some people like to do everything quick-quick-quick, but you have to take your time with residents. I just try to treat everybody the way I would like to be treated.”(但她说，护工需要的关键品质是耐心，“有些人喜欢做任何事都快——快——快，但你必须花时间和老人待在一起。我希望别人怎样对待我，我就怎样对待每个人。”)”可推知，她十分有耐心。故选C项。
40．主旨大意题。根据文章内容第一段“When Jenny Streete began caring for older people more than 50 years ago, prejudice was part of her everyday working life. (50多年前，当珍妮·斯特里特开始照顾老年人时，偏见是她日常工作生活的一部分)”及倒数第四段“And Streete hopes to carry on caring for older people as long as possible — although, she says, her children are urging her to retire.(斯特里特希望尽可能长时间地照顾老年人——尽管她说，她的孩子们敦促她退休)”全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了珍妮·斯特里特从事护理行业的一生和她对护理的看法。故选A项。
（2022·全国·模拟预测）The idiom “shoot for the stars” has just taken on a literal meaning for cancer survivor Hayley Arceneaux. On February 22,2021, the Memphis, Tennessee, native was selected to be one of four crew members of the SpaceX Inspiration4—the world’s first civilian astronaut mission. The 29-year-old will make further history as the youngest American—and the first with a prosthetic limb(假肢)—to travel to space.
Hayley’s space desire began two decades ago, following a visit to the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, during a family vacation. “I got to see where the astronaut s trained and of course wanted to be an astronaut after that — who doesn’t ” She recalls. However, the young girl’s dreams were derailed a year later when she was diagnosed with bone cancer—in her femur(股骨).
Fortunately, the often fatal disease had been caught early and the experts were able to limit its spread through chemotherapy(化疗) and by replacing the diseased bones with metal rods in her left leg. Given NASA’s strict medical requirements, Hayley knew that her dream of becoming an astronaut would probably never be realized. However, the young girl had already set her mind on a different, equally challenging, and fulfilling mission — working with young cancer patients at the hospital where she had been cured.
As it turned out, Hayley’s dream of going to space was far from over. On January 5th,2021, she got a surprise call from Jared Isaacman, CEO, asking her if she would like to go to space. “Immediately I said, ‘Yes, yes, absolutely!’” Arceneaux said.
Before the mission launch later this year, the Inspiration4 crew will have intense training on the Falcon9 launch vehicle and the Dragon spacecraft. They will also be trained on orbital mechanics and prepared for emergencies through mission simulations.
41．What does the underlined word “derailed” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Destroyed. B．Paused. C．Realized. D．Valued.
42．What was Hayley’s decision after she was cured
A．To become a volunteer. B．To work in hospital.
C．To inspire the young. D．To challenge the limit.
43．What should Hayley do before going to space
A．Have a physical examination. B．Deal with emergencies.
C．Have a series of training. D．Meet with Jared Isaacman.
44．What is the text mainly about
A．A girl to go to space. B．The career of a girl.
C．A girl’s struggle history. D．The charm of space travel.
【答案】41．A 42．B 43．C 44．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女孩坚持自己的梦想，虽然历经坎坷，但最终如愿登上太空的故事。
41．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Hayley’s space desire began two decades ago, following a visit to the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, during a family vacation.( Hayley的太空愿望始于20年前，当时他在一次家庭度假中参观了位于德克萨斯州休斯顿的美国国家航空航天局约翰逊航天中心。)”和划线词句后半部分“a year later when she was diagnosed with bone cancer—in her femur(股骨) (一年后，她被诊断为股骨骨癌)”可知，Hayley想去太空的梦想因癌症而破灭了，从而推知“However, the young girl’s dreams were derailed (然而，这个年轻女孩的梦想derailed)”其中划线部分意思是“破灭”。故选A项。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, the young girl had already set her mind on a different, equally challenging, and fulfilling mission — working with young cancer patients at the hospital where she had been cured. (然而，这个年轻的女孩已经下定决心要完成另一项同样具有挑战性和成就感的任务——在她治愈的医院里与年轻的癌症患者一起工作。)”可知，治愈后，Hayley的决定就是在医院工作。故选B项。
43．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Before the mission launch later this year, the Inspiration 4 crew will have intense training on the Falcon 9 launch vehicle and the Dragon spacecraft. (在今年晚些时候发射任务之前，灵感4号机组人员将在猎鹰9号运载火箭和龙飞船上进行紧张的训练。)”可知，在发射前Hayley要进行一系列训练。故选C项。
44．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“The 29-year-old will make further history as the youngest American—and the first with a prosthetic limb(假肢)—to travel to space. (这位29岁的美国人将创造新的历史，成为前往太空旅行的最年轻的美国人，也是第一位使用假肢的美国人。)”可知，讲述了一位女孩坚持自己的梦想，虽然历经坎坷，但最终如愿登上太空的故事。故选A项。
（2023·湖南·一模）Five years ago, a couple found a baby owl, near-death, on their lawn. They consulted with me because of my experience with owls and hawks. Eventually my wife and I undertook the task of treating the owl, Alfie, waiting out a developmental delay (most of her flight feathers came especially late that first summer) , and then we taught her to fly and hunt. Alfie disappeared for a week. Then she chose to return, centering her territory (地盘) on our backyard. I put a nest box on my writing studio.
Alfie’s first free-living year— mating, raising her first baby— coincided with the COVID-19 that limited us to our yard. Friends said the birds were singing aloud and happily. From Alfie’s performance, I saw humans’ unrest and worry when facing the unexpected virus. When Alfie and her mate, Plus-One, played in the shade, the daily rhythms and quietness ofthe owls’ world contrasted with our life.
Many cultures view owls as messengers of God. However, Alfie is flesh and feathers: her heart pumps blood red as ours. She has her comforts and fears. She is a very real little being overall. Yet, throughout the isolation to prevent the spread of disease, Alfie loosed herself, living comfortably with her mate in the yard, which certainly inspired me and my family with hope. She is, in reality, a messenger, one conveying the real meaning of life.
To be fully present in life and love, so natural for Alfie, remains a work in progress for me. Alfie is the perfect little philosophical master. She enjoys a freedom unpolluted by criticism or doubt, and a liberty as the air flows beneath her wings. Resisting nothing, she is pure presence, here now. Perhaps I’d long labored toward the place where Alfie was effortlessly taking me, a sense of openness, showing what’s possible when we mess up our accustomed boundaries.
Alfie remains our magical light of the nighttime backyard. By day she usually stays in a couple of favorite shaded spots. The choice is always hers. Free within limits; that’s the universe for her. It can inspire a life’s work.
45．What can we learn about Alfie from the first two paragraphs
A．She had a quick recovery. B．She was first found by the author.
C．She set up a family in the backyard. D．She was badly affected by the COVID-19.
46．How does Alfie inspire the author and his family with hope
A．She lives a relaxed life. B．She has no fears at all.
C．She has red blood as humans. D．She is viewed as a messenger of God.
47．What does the author mean by describing Alfie’s freedom as “unpolluted by criticism or doubt” in paragraph 4
A．Alfie is not influenced by social development.
B．Alfie is free from physical and mental limitations.
C．Alfie is completely independent and self-sufficient.
D．Alfie is not affected by external judgment or uncertainty.
48．What is the text mainly about
A．The author’s successful rescue of an owl.
B．The author’s reflection on life through an owl.
C．The author’s precious friendship with an owl.
D．The author’s fight against a pandemic with an owl.
【答案】45．C 46．A 47．D 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者夫妇救治了一只猫头鹰，并从它在后院的生活方式中得到了启示。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段“Then she chose to return, centering her territory (地盘) on our backyard. I put a nest box on my writing studio.(然后她选择回来，把她的地盘集中在我们的后院。我在我的写作工作室放了一个窝盒。)”和第二段“Alfie’s first free-living year— mating, raising her first baby— coincided with the COVID-19 that limited us to our yard.(Alfie自由生活的第一年——交配，抚养她的第一个孩子——恰逢新冠病毒将我们限制在院子里。)”可知，从前两段我们可以了解到Alfie在后院组建了家庭。故选C。
46．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Yet, throughout the isolation to prevent the spread of disease, Alfie loosed herself, living comfortably with her mate in the yard, which certainly inspired me and my family with hope.(然而，为了防止疾病传播，在整个隔离期间，Alfie放松了自己，和她的伴侣在院子里舒适地生活，这无疑给我和我的家人带来了希望。)”可知，Alfie过着悠闲放松的日子，这给作者和他的家人带来了希望。故选A。
47．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“She enjoys a freedom unpolluted by criticism or doubt, and a liberty as the air flows beneath her wings. Resisting nothing, she is pure presence, here now.(她享有一种不受批评或怀疑污染的自由，一种像空气在她翅膀下流动的自由。她不抗拒任何东西，她是纯粹的存在，此时此地。)”可知，她只是她自己，不受外界的评论，因此“unpolluted by criticism or doubt”的意思是Alfie不受外界判断或不确定性的影响。故选D。
48．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第三段“Yet, throughout the isolation to prevent the spread of disease, Alfie loosed herself, living comfortably with her mate in the yard, which certainly inspired me and my family with hope. She is, in reality, a messenger, one conveying the real meaning of life.(然而，为了防止疾病传播，在整个隔离期间，Alfie放松了自己，和她的伴侣在院子里舒适地生活，这无疑给我和我的家人带来了希望。实际上，她是一个信使，一个传达生命真正意义的人。)”和倒数第二段“Perhaps I’d long labored toward the place where Alfie was effortlessly taking me《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题17阅读必背333个障碍词3+续写吸睛句型仿写3+记叙文主旨大意题
原卷版
(
阅读理解必背
333
个障碍词
背默（
3
）
)
101. emphasis n.
102. encounter vt. n.
103. entitle vt.
104. enhance v.
105. enormous adj.
106. enterprise n.
107. establishment n.
108. evaluate v.
109. explicit adj.
110. extension n.
111. extraordinary adj.
112. facilitate vt.
113. facility n.
114. feature n.
115. fertilizer n.
116. finance n.
117. flavour n.
118. flexible adj.
119. flock n.
120. fragrant adj.
121. function n. vt.
122. fundamental adj.
123. funeral n.
124. gender n.
125. grocery n.
126. guideline n.
127. habitat n.
128. harmony n.
129. hatred n.
130. heartily adv.
131. highlight v. n.
132. hint n. & v.
133. humble adj.
134. immigration n.
135. imply vt.
136. incident n.
137. incredible adj.
138. independence n.
139. identical adj.
140. individual adj. n.
141. ingredient n.
142. innocent adj.
143. innovate v.
144. inquire vi.& vt.
145. insight n.
146. inspection n.
147. instrument n.
148. install v.
149. intake n.
150. interpersonal adj.
(
读后续写吸睛句型仿写训练（
3
）
)
句型3：Much +to+one’s+情绪类名词, 主语+谓语
【仿写1】Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated.
作为新球队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是，我们被击败了。
【仿写2】Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise!
令家人惊讶的是，丹尼斯信守诺言！
读后续写“高分句型+丰富情感”分类仿写
1.喜悦
令我们非常高兴的是，我们团队的项目获得了投资。
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2.悲伤
令她非常伤心的是，她得知她最亲密的朋友去世，。
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3.愤怒
当我发现有人在我的书桌上涂鸦时，我非常生气。
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4.惊讶
看到他的新发明时，我们都很惊讶。
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5.兴奋
令我非常兴奋的是，我被选为公司的年度最佳员工。
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6.失望
令我深感失望的是，他们没有赢得比赛，。
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7.紧张
令我紧张的是，明天要上台演讲。
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8.骄傲
看到我的女儿在比赛中获得金牌，我深感骄傲。
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9.感激
在我困难的时候，他伸出援手，我非常感激。
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10.担忧
看到最近的气候变化报告，我深感担忧。
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(
阅读理解记叙文
主旨
大意
题
)
【名师点津】
1. 关注题干关键词，明确具体段落，做题留痕圈。
2. 留意相应段落段首和段尾，有时需要自己提炼。
3. 联系全文首尾句，主意排除范围过大过小选项。
4. 文章主旨大意题注意选项中心词和文章关键词。
【模拟精练】
（2024·山西太原·一模）It was not until photographer Rita Nannini left New York that she grew fascinated by the city’s subways. While living in Manhattan for some 15 years in the 1980s and early 1990s, Nannini only commuted (通勤) on the one train-given the subway system’s bad reputation. But after relocating to New Jersey for several years where subway is not an option, Nannini found that absence did make the heart grow fonder — maybe even for pizza rats. During her visit back to New York, Nannini nodded, noticing improvements in the subway’s facilities.
While Nannini was waiting for a train, a bench on the platform opposite caught her attention due to the ever changing faces and characters. They were people of different accents, colors and beliefs. They were from all walks of life, a diverse mix of New Yorkers all there for their own different reasons. Having learned the teenagers’ popular “End of the Line” challenge — boarding trains at random and riding them until their final destination; Nannini decided to visit every first and last stop across the NY subway’s lines with her beloved camera.
Nannini’s “End of the Line” experience saw her traveling some 665 miles across 26 routes in New York city. She took over 8,000 photos of the final stations, as well as the communities they served. In many cases, she rode the routes two or three times over to ensure she got “the shot”. “The project really shows me how important the subway is, and how sustainable it makes our lives,” she said
“It’s often said that my photos show the end of the lines — the last stops,” she said. “But theend of the line is indeed the start for so many people. That made me think about who the people and the communities that live at the two ends are and what it is that the subway means to them.”
Nannini was proud of her set of images directly challenging the traditions of story telling, which echoed both the boredom and excitement of travel on tracks.
Nannini enjoyed taking her time, starting her challenge in 2013 and only shooting the final photos last year. Her first monograph on the terminal stops of the NY subway was released in April 2023.
“When you drive in the suburbs, you don’t have those encounters,” she continued. “People enter your life on the subway. That’s what strikes me most on my jouney on tracks.”
1．How did Nannini find the New York subway during her revisit
A．It tumed out fine.
B．It was depressing.
C．It still held the same bad reputation.
D．It would be her only commuting option.
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The diversity of New Yorkers’ daily life.
B．The inspiration for Nannini’s subway shots.
C．The popularity of “End of the Line” challenge.
D．The challenges of Nannini’s job as a photographer.
3．What can we infer from Nannini’s “End of the Line” experience
A．Her way of telling stories is traditional.
B．She expressed sympathy for the subway riders.
C．Her photography is highly expected by the encounters.
D．She found life on tracks was more interesting than life on wheels.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．“End of the Line” Challenge: A New Trend in NY Subways
B．The Road Home: Rita Nannini’s Record of her Subway Ride
C．Last Stop to New Start: A Photographer’s Rediscovery of NY Subways
D．New Yorkers’ Routine: A Surprising Mixture of Boredom andExcitement
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了摄影师丽塔 南尼尼重返纽约后对地铁始发站和终点站拍照的经历及其感慨。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But after relocating to New Jersey for several years where subway is not an option, Nannini found that absence did make the heart grow fonder — maybe even for pizza rats. During her visit back to New York, Nannini nodded, noticing improvements in the subway’s facilities(但是，在搬到新泽西州几年后，由于当地没有地铁可选，南尼尼发现，缺失反而让她的心中更加思念——也许甚至对吃披萨的老鼠来说也是如此。南尼尼回到纽约时，她点了点头，注意到地铁设施有所改善。)”可知，南尼尼再次回到纽约，她感到地铁设施有所改善，很不错。故选A项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“While Nannini was waiting for a train, a bench on the platform opposite caught her attention due to the ever changing faces and characters(南尼尼在等火车时，对面站台上的一个长椅吸引了她的注意，因为上面的人脸和角色总是不断变换着。)”以及“Having learned the teenagers’ popular “End of the Line” challenge — boarding trains at random and riding them until their final destination; Nannini decided to visit every first and last stop across the NY subway’s lines with her beloved camera.(在了解了青少年们流行的‘终点线’挑战——即随机登上火车并一直坐到终点后，南尼尼决定带着她心爱的相机，走访纽约地铁线路上的每一个首发站和终点站。)”可知，本段讲的是Nannini在地铁站看到的人物与景象，促使她决定带着她心爱的相机，走遍纽约地铁的每一站和最后一站，即本段讲述了Nannini拍摄地铁照片的灵感来源，故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““When you drive in the suburbs, you don’t have those encounters,” she continued. “People enter your life on the subway. That’s what strikes me most on my jouney on tracks.”(她继续说：‘你在郊区开车时，你不会有这样的邂逅。人们是在地铁上走进你的生活。这就是我在轨道旅途中最让我震撼的事情。’)”可推理出，南尼尼认为乘坐地铁的生活比开车的生活更有趣，故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“During her visit back toNew York, Nannini nodded, noticing improvements in the subway’s facilities(在回访纽约期间南尼尼点头称赞，注意到地铁设施的改善。)”、第四段“It’s often said that my photos show the end of the lines — the last stops,” she said. “But the end of the line is indeed the start for so many people. That made me think about who the people and the communities that live at the two ends are and what it is that the subway means to them”(‘人们常说我的照片展示了线路的终点——最后一站。’她说：‘但对于那些很多人来说，终点实际上是起点。这让我思考起生活在两端的人们和社区是谁，以及地铁对他们意味着什么。’)”以及最后一段““When you drive in the suburbs, you don’t have those encounters,” she continued. “People enter your life on the subway. That ‘s what strikes me most on my jouney on tracks.’(她继续说：‘你在郊区开车时，你不会有这样的邂逅。人们是在地铁上走进你的生活。这就是我在轨道旅途中最让我震撼的事情。’)”可知本文主要讲的是摄影师丽塔 南尼尼重返纽约后对地铁始发站和终点站拍照的经历及其感慨；C项“Last Stop to New Start: A Photographer’s Rediscovery of NY Subways(最后一站到新起点：摄影师重新发现纽约地铁)”能够概括文章主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。
（2024·安徽池州·二模）In 1999, Giuliana Furci, founder and founding director of the Fungi (真菌) Foundation, developed a deep interest in fungi. They were everywhere, and the 20-year-old took particular joy in the variety of mushrooms: small and button-shaped; tall and umbrella-like; round with red caps topped with white flakes. Some were commonly found in people’s diets, for they were rich in nutrients such as vitamin, fiber, minerals and protein.
But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignored in Chile, where there were few guidebooks and an almost total lack of policies and resources to protect them from over-harvesting and other human activities. Determined to correct this, Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a nonprofit dedicated to fungi conservation. In her guide, special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.
“Life on the planet wouldn’t exist without fungi,” said Greg Mueller, a mushroom conservation expert. “Because of their relationship with forests and trees, we can’t survive without fungi. In terms of the health of the planet, they’re incredibly important to humans and the overall ecosystem.” Fungi can break down plants and animals, thus cycling nutrients and increasing their availability in the soil. They are also important contributors to the soil carbon stock through the same process. What’s more, fungi have been found to help degrade (降解) various pollutants, such as plastic. And mycelium (菌丝体), which is the root structure of mushrooms, is now being used to replace unsustainable materials, such as plastic and animal-based products.
Because of these, exploration of fungi was expanded at a faster pace. However, some were already listed as critically endangered. In 2010, Furci took an even bigger step—with other environmental nonprofits, she put forward a proposal for the government to systematically assess how large new developments such as housing, dams, and highways affect fungi. In 2012, a law was passed and Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.
5．What can we learn about Furci from the first two paragraphs
A．She enjoyed collecting mushrooms.
B．She was fond of cooking mushrooms.
C．She worried about the situation of fungi.
D．She had a habit of writing field guidebooks.
6．What is Paragraph 3 of the text mainly about
A．The life on earth without fungi.
B．The importance of fungi on earth.
C．The relations between trees and fungi.
D．The practical uses of fungi in the future.
7．How did Furci protect the ecosystem
A．By writing free instructions on plants.
B．By starting a non-profit ecotourism company.
C．By raising awareness of the importance of fungi.
D．By passing laws to ban over-harvesting mushrooms.
8．Which of the following best describes Furci’s work
A．Ground-breaking. B．Debatable.
C．Romantic. D．Unmatched.
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Furci意识到真菌对地球上生命的重要性后通过写指南、成立基金会等方式来呼吁人们关注并保护真菌。她和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过了一项保护真菌的法律。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignored in Chile, where there were few guidebooks and an almost total lack of policies and resources to protect them from over-harvesting and other human activities. (但弗奇也很快意识到，这些真菌在智利基本上被忽视了，那里几乎没有指导手册，几乎完全缺乏保护它们免受过度捕捞和其他人类活动影响的政策和资源)”可知，Furci担心真菌的现状。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。根据本段第一句““Life on the planet wouldn’t exist without fungi,” said Greg Mueller, a mushroom conservation expert. (“如果没有真菌，地球上的生命就不会存在，”蘑菇保护专家格雷格·穆勒说)”并结合本段其他内容可知，本段主要介绍了真菌对地球上生命的重要性。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Determined to correct this, Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a nonprofit dedicated to fungi conservation. In her guide, special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.(为了纠正这一点，弗奇写了一本野外指南，并成立了真菌基金会——一个致力于真菌保护的非营利组织。在她的指南中，特别关注了真菌在生态系统中的作用)”可知，为了保护真菌，Furci写了指南并成立了真菌基金会。由此推知，Furci通过提高人们对真菌重要性的认识来保护真菌。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In 2010, Furci took an even bigger step—with other environmental nonprofits, she put forward a proposal for the government to systematically assess how large new developments such as housing, dams, and highways affect fungi. In 2012, a law was passed and Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.(2010年，Furci与其他环保非营利组织一起迈出了更大的一步，她向政府提出了一项建议，要求政府系统评估住房、水坝和高速公路等大型新开发项目对真菌的影响。2012年，智利通过了一项法律，成为世界上第一个以法律保护真菌的国家)”可知，Furci和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过一项保护真菌的法律。由此推知，Furci的工作是有开创性的。故选A。
（2024·云南·二模）Jack, a clinical nurse specialist, retied on his 65th birthday. He told his wife, Sally, he would “start out as an adventure cyclist.”
Four months later, he set off on a 13, 000 km cycle ride from Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia to Edinburgh, much of it roughly shadowing Marco Polo’s Silk Road. No sooner had he started out than a snowstorm hit. He hid in his tent, wearing every item of clothing he had packed. At -18℃ it was too cold to go outside to cook. He survived the next 48 hours by eating a massive bag of chocolates. So it is a surprise to hear Jack say that he has never feared for his life. “Never. There’s always something to be curious about,” he says.
In 2018, hero de from Edinburgh to Istanbul to earn a place in Guinness World Records. “There are very few records a man over 60 can break,” he says. During the trip, he got a dozen punctures (轮胎上刺破的小孔). But he fixed each one. “I’ve always been serious about purpose. If something is to be done, it is to be done properly. People go forwards and people go backwards. The difficult bit is managing the times when people go backwards,” he says. “Don’t let the moment ruin the whole thing.”
He turns 71 this year. He is about to begin the 1, 407 km trip to John O’Groats. It sounds tough but he insists “it just a matter of spinning the wheels.” Still, they don’t spin on their own. His daughter, a yoga teacher, has suggested weights to maintain muscle mass. His son, a cyclist, keeps him up to speed on the latest technology.
Jack is planning new rides in France next year, and beyond that hopes “to spread my wings further. There is peace on a bicycle,” he says. “The joy is the actual doing of the activity. Going further means you’re just doing more of something you enjoy.”
9．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The scenery Jack saw along the way.
B．The challenges Jack faced in the journey.
C．The lessons Jack learned from the journey.
D．The preparations Jack made for the journey.
10．Which does Jack probably approve of according to paragraph 3
A．It’s never too old to learn. B．It’s never too late tom end.
C．Never do things by halves. D．Time and tide wait no man.
11．Who give support to Jack for the trip
A．A cyclist and a specialist. B．His yoga teacher and Sally.
C．His daughter and son. D．The doctors and nurses.
12．Which of the following can best describe Jack
A．Generous and creative. B．Ambitious and persistent.
C．Confident and considerate. D．Imaginative and sympathetic.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了主人公杰克，一位临床护理专家，在他65岁退休后开始自行车骑行冒险的经历。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“No sooner had he started out than a snowstorm hit. He hid in his tent, wearing every item of clothing he had packed. At -18℃ it was too cold to go outside to cook. He survived the next 48 hours by eating a massive bag of chocolates.”（他刚出发，暴风雪就来了。他躲在帐篷里，穿着他打包好的每一件衣服。零下18摄氏度的天气太冷了，不能出去做饭。在接下来的48小时里，他吃了一大袋巧克力。）可知，第二段主要讲的是杰克在旅途中面临的挑战。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“During the trip, he got a dozen punctures (轮胎上刺破的小孔). But he fixed each one. “I’ve always been serious about purpose. If something is to be done, it is to be done properly. People go forwards and people go backwards. The difficult bit is managing the times when people go backwards,” he says. “Don’t let the moment ruin the whole thing.””（在旅途中，他被扎了十几次。但他把每个问题都解决了。“我一直对目标很认真。如果要做某件事，就要做得恰当。有人向前走，有人向后走。困难之处在于应对人们倒退的局面，”他表示。“别让这一刻毁了一切。”）提到他在轮胎被扎破后修补轮胎的事以及他所说的话，由此可知，他是一个做事情追求完美、不轻易半途而废的人。故选C项。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“His daughter, a yoga teacher, has suggested weights to maintain muscle mass. His son, a cyclist, keeps him up to speed on the latest technology.”（他的女儿是一名瑜伽老师，她建议通过举重来保持肌肉质量。他的儿子是一名自行车手，他让他了解最新的科技。）可知，他的女儿和儿子对他的骑行给予了支持。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“Jack is planning new rides in France next year, and beyond that hopes “to spread my wings further. There is peace on a bicycle,” he says. “The joy is the actual doing of the activity. Going further means you’re just doing more of something you enjoy.””（杰克计划明年去法国玩新的游乐设施，除此之外，他还希望“把翅膀伸得更远”。自行车上有一种宁静，”他说。“快乐是活动的实际过程。走得更远意味着你在做更多你喜欢的事情。”）可推知，他是一个有雄心且为目标坚持不懈的人。故选B项。
（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）On a recent visit to her family home in Atlanta, Stella came across some papers from her tenth- grade English class. Looking at her essays and the notes, Stella was struck by how the work she did in that class informed her work now as an editor. Her teacher, Mr. Newman, always encouraged his students to dig deeper. Stella learned that the best way to understand literature is by asking, “What is this work trying to accomplish ” Now, when she sits down to edit a manuscript (手稿) that’s one of two guiding questions Stella asks herself, followed by, “How can I help the author fully realize that vision ”
Those questions were at the top of Stella’s mind when Freewater by Amina landed on her desk. As Stella made editorial suggestions, she was mindful of the balancing act involved in writing about a topic as painful as slavery and doing so through the eyes of a child. Stella kept a kid reader in mind-someone who might have learned only a part of this history. Stella and Amina went back and forth in phone calls, e-mails, editorial letters, and notes directly in the manuscript, until they agreed that Freewater was exactly where it needed to be.
The novel hit bookshelves on February 1, 2022, and nearly a year later was awarded the John Newbery Medal. Amina became only the third Black woman to be awarded that medal in the award’s one-hundred-and-one-year history, and Stella became the first Black editor to edit a Newbery-winning book.
Stella’s strategic approach to editing, personal warmth, and keen editorial insight have won her universal admiration from authors and colleagues, who also enjoy her sense of humor and infectious laugh. She is a powerful advocate for all the authors in her orbit, which recently came to include her mother, Wanda M. Morris, whose novel All Her Little Secrets has been widely acclaimed and even optioned for TV.
13．What’s Stella’s tenth-grade English teacher like
A．Humorous. B．Determined. C．Inspiring. D．Cautious.
14．What’s Stella’s major concern as an editor
A．The novelty of the manuscript.
B．The writer’s purpose of writing.
C．The writer’s understanding of literature.
D．The practical significance of the work.
15．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why Amina created Freewater. B．Who Freewater is intended for.
C．What message Freewater conveys. D．How Stella helped improve Freewater.
16．What does the underlined word “acclaimed” mean in paragraph 4
A．Applied. B．Adapted. C．Praised. D．Shared.
【答案】13．C 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了编辑Stella在其职业生涯中的专业态度、策略方法以及取得的重要成就。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Her teacher, Mr. Newman, always encouraged his students to dig deeper. Stella learned that the best way to understand literature is by asking, “What is this work trying to accomplish ”(她的老师纽曼先生总是鼓励学生们深入探究。Stella从中学到，理解文学作品的最好方式就是问：“这部作品试图完成什么目标？”)”可推理出，这位老师是一个善于启发孩子们的心智的人，故选C项。
14．
推理判断题。根据第一段““What is this work trying to accomplish ” Now, when she sits down to edit a manuscript (手稿) that’s one of two guiding questions Stella asks herself, followed by, “How can I help the author fully realize that vision ”(这部作品试图达成什么样的目标？现在，当Stella坐下来编辑手稿时，这是她问自己的两个指导性问题之一，紧接着的问题是，“我该如何帮助作者充分实现这一愿景？”)”可推理出，Stella作为编辑主要关心的是作者的写作目的，故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“As Stella made editorial suggestions, she was mindful of the balancing act involved in writing about a topic as painful as slavery and doing so through the eyes of a child(在Stella提出编辑建议时，她留意到了这其中的平衡把握：既要撰写像奴隶制这样痛苦的主题，又要通过一个孩子的视角来呈现这一主题。)”以及“Stella and Amina went back and forth in phone calls, e-mails, editorial letters, and notes directly in the manuscript, until they agreed that Freewater was exactly where it needed to be(Stella 和 Amina 通过电话、电子邮件、编辑信件以及直接在手稿上的注释反复沟通交流，直到她们一致认为《Freewater》已经达到了应有的状态。)”可得出，第二段主要讲的是Stella 如何帮助改进《Freewater》，故选D项。
16．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词下文“even optioned for TV(甚至被选中改编为电视剧)”可知，小说被选中改编为电视剧，可推理出小说本身被高度“评价”，故选C项。
（2024·四川成都·二模）My passion for the field of dietetics (营养学) started at a very young age. Ever since I can remember, I have been dreaming of becoming a pastry chef.
I grew up being part of various sports teams. As I grew older, I noticed how food influenced my performance as an athlete. I started reading more about nutrition and signed up for an introductory nutrition course during my first year of college.
However, I noticed when I entered my dietetics classes, that I looked quite different from most students. I was the only ethnically diverse student in my classes.
My mom was born in Austria and my father in Iran. They met in Austria and moved to the US. before my brother and I were born. They exposed us to their own traditional cultural foods, and I grew up eating a fusion of Iranian and Austrian dishes.
I remember never having a taste for school cafeteria food, so I always requested my mom pack me lunch. She would pack me leftovers from dinner, such as a kuku sabzi, a Persian egg and herb frittata, or schnitzel with dartoffelsalat, a customary Austrian dish of fried breaded chicken. At times, I felt embarrassed about my meals, and would hide these from my peers to avoid the horrible question of, “Ew, what is that ” However, over time, and once I became a qualified RD (注册营养师), I realized my unique background allowed me to connect more deeply with others from different cultures.
I encouraged my clients (客户) to share what they grew up eating and what foods were customary to their unique upbringing. I developed nutrition recommendations for my clients that included traditional staples from their heritage culture. These experiences and my dual heritage background empowered me to encourage my clients and other RDs to proudly share their unique cultural foods, to stop feeling embarrassed, but instead embrace our differences and increase cultural awareness in the field of dietetics.
17．What led the author to take the nutrition course in his college
A．His dream of being a pastry chef as a child. B．His poverty in essential nutrition for health.
C．His thirst for dietetics knowledge all his life. D．His awareness of the influence of food on health.
18．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The author’s favorite dishes. B．The author’s mixed identities.
C．The author’s memory of his parents. D．The author’s culture tendency.
19．Why was the author afraid of being questioned about his meals
A．His meals were supplied free by his school. B．His meals looked strange from his school’s.
C．His meals were most likely to be bad to taste. D．His meals took his Mom much time to make.
20．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To criticize people’s cultural prejudice. B．To share his unique growth experiences.
C．To encourage embracing cultural diversity. D．To reveal his complex family composition.
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者独特的家庭文化背景成就了他自小的梦想——注册营养师。作者希望通过他的成长经历，激励人们拥抱多元文化，在营养学领域增强文化融合的意识。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“I grew up being part of various sports teams. As I grew older, I noticed how food influenced my performance as an athlete. I started reading more about nutrition and signed up for an introductory nutrition course during my first year of college.(我从小就是各种运动队的一员。随着年龄的增长，我注意到食物是如何影响我作为运动员的表现的。我开始阅读更多关于营养学的书籍，并在大学一年级时报名参加了营养学入门课程)”可知，对食物对健康影响的认识促使作者在大学里选修了营养学课程。故选D。
18．主旨大意题。根据第四段“My mom was born in Austria and my father in Iran. They met in Austria and moved to the U. S. before my brother and I were born. They exposed us to their own traditional cultural foods, and I grew up eating a fusion of Iranian and Austrian dishes.(我妈妈出生在奥地利，我爸爸出生在伊朗。他们在奥地利相遇，在我和哥哥出生之前搬到了美国。他们让我们接触到他们自己的传统文化食物，我从小就吃着伊朗和奥地利的混合菜肴)”可知，第四段主要讲的是作者的复杂身份。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据第五段“She would pack me leftovers from dinner, such as a kuku sabzi, a Persian egg and herb frittata, or schnitzel with dartoffelsalat, a customary Austrian dish of fried breaded chicken. At times, I felt embarrassed about my meals, and would hide these from my peers to avoid the horrible question of, “Ew, what is that ”(她会给我打包晚餐的剩菜，比如kuku sabzi，一种波斯鸡蛋和香草煎蛋饼，或者炸肉排配火腿沙拉，一种奥地利传统的炸面包屑鸡。有时，我对自己的饭菜感到尴尬，会把这些东西藏起来，不让同龄人知道，以避免被人问：“噢，这是什么？”)”可知，作者在求学期间，总是在家自带午餐到校，受家庭文化背景的影响，作者的午餐有着浓浓的异域特色，这与学校的食物相比，看起来奇特怪异，因此作者害怕同学们询问午餐的事，因为在同学们的眼里，作者是“另类”。可推知，作者害怕被问及他的饮食因为他的饭菜看起来和学校的很不一样。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“These experiences and my dual heritage background empowered me to encourage my clients and other RDs to proudly share their unique cultural foods, to stop feeling embarrassed, but instead embrace our differences and increase cultural awareness in the field of dietetics.(这些经历和我的双重文化背景使我能够鼓励我的客户和其他注册营养师自豪地分享他们独特的文化食物，不要感到尴尬，而是拥抱我们的差异，提高营养领域的文化意识)”结合文章主要讲述了作者独特的家庭文化背景成就了他自小的梦想——注册营养师。作者希望通过他的成长经历，激励人们拥抱多元文化，在营养学领域增强文化融合的意识。故作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励拥抱文化多样性。故选C。
（2024·山东青岛·一模）The Music Educator Award, this year, went to Annie Ray, an orchestra(管弦乐队)director at Annandale High School.She was recognized for her efforts to make music accessible to all students, particularly those with disabilities.Ray got to attend the awards ceremony in Los Angeles and bring home a $10,000 prize.
Ray created the Crescendo Orchestra for students with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities, as well as a parent orchestra that teaches nearly 200 caregivers a year to play the same instrument as their child.Ray also works with a local charity to give damaged instruments a second life in her classroom.
The orchestra is about much more than just making music.The most important is to give students a chance to develop their cooperation skills, make mistakes and learn the art of refining something.Ray pushes her students to be brave, go outside their comfort zone and realize they have to learn how to make bad sounds before learning how to make good sounds.And they teach her a lot in return.” They changed my educational philosophy.I understand what it truly means to meet a student where they’re at and apply that elsewhere,” she said.
The warm reception on the ceremony was meaningful.Actually, not many people understand what exactly music educators do or how much their work matters.While her administration is supportive, that lack of understanding is a problem facing the profession in general.Another is resources.She says her school “desperately” needs new instruments.She will use some of her prize money to buy more.
Ray also plans to put some of the money towards an ongoing scholarship for students who want to pursue music when they graduate.She knows of several, those particularly interested in music, and aims to offer financial support needed to realize their musical dreams” It is hard but truly satisfying,” Ray said.“And there’s nothing else like it for them.”
21．What can we learn about Ray from the first two paragraphs
A．She hosted the award ceremony. B．She brought music to more people.
C．She gave away instruments to the poor. D．She founded a local charity for children.
22．What do students benefit most from the orchestra
A．They acquire in-depth musical knowledge. B．They make friends with the like-minded.
C．They gain personal growth from playing music. D．They improve their connections with educators.
23．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about
A．The reception on the ceremony. B．Importance of music education.
C．Challenges for music educators. D．Plans to obtain resources.
24．What does Ray find satisfying according to the last paragraph
A．Winning a scholarship. B．Developing interest in music.
C．Making musical achievements. D．Transforming dreams into reality.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．C 24．D
【导语】本文是记叙文。本文讲述音乐教育工作者Ray把音乐带给更多的人，并因此获得了音乐教育工作者奖。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“She was recognized for her efforts to make music accessible to all students, particularly those with disabilities.(她因努力让所有学生，特别是残疾学生都能接触到音乐而受到认可)”和第二段的“Ray created the Crescendo Orchestra for students with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities, as well as a parent orchestra that teaches nearly 200 caregiver s a year to play the same instrument as their child. (雷为有严重智力和发育障碍的学生创建了Crescendo管弦乐队，同时还成立了一个家长管弦乐队，每年教近200名照顾者和他们的孩子演奏同样的乐器)”可知，她把音乐带给了更多人。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The most important is to give students a chance to develop their cooperation skills, make mistakes and learn the art of refining something.Ray pushes her students to be brave, go outside their comfort zone and realize they have to learn how to make bad sounds before learning how to make good sounds. (最重要的是给学生一个机会来发展他们的合作技能，犯错误和学习改进的艺术。雷鼓励她的学生要勇敢，走出他们的舒适区，并意识到在学习如何发出好声音之前，他们必须先学会如何发出坏声音。)”可知，学生从弹奏音乐中获得最大的益处是个人成长。故选C。
23．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容“Actually, not many people understand what exactly music educators do or how much their work matters.While her administration is supportive, that lack of understanding is a problem facing the profession in general. Another is resources.She says her school “desperately” needs new instruments.She will use some of her prize money to buy more.( 实际上，没有多少人真正了解音乐教育者到底是做什么的，也没有多少人了解他们的工作有多重要。虽然她的政府是支持的，但缺乏理解是整个行业面临的一个问题。另一个是资源。她说，她的学校“迫切”需要新的仪器。她会用一些奖金买更多的东西)”可知，本段主要讲述了音乐教育工作者面临的困难。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段的“She knows of several, those particularly interested in music, and aims to offer financial support needed to realize their musical dreams.” It is hard but truly satisfying,” Ray said.“And there’s nothing else like it for them.”(她认识几个对音乐特别感兴趣的人，她的目标是为他们提供实现音乐梦想所需的经济支持。“这很难，但确实令人满意，”雷说。“对他们来说，没有什么比这更好的了。”)”可知，令雷满意的事帮助对音乐特别感兴趣的人实现音乐梦想。故选D。
（2024·浙江·模拟预测）In 1975, a San Diego homemaker named Marjorie Rice came across a column in Scientific American about tiling (瓷砖). There is a problem which has interested mathematicians since ancient Greek times. After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes. “I thought she was just drawing casually (随意),” her daughter Kathy said. But Rice who took only one year of math in high school, was actually discovering never-before-seen patterns.
Born in Florida, she loved learning and particularly her brief exposure to math, but tight budget and social culture prevented her family from even considering that she might attend college. “For Rice, math was a pleasure,” her son David once said.
Rice gave one of her sons a subscription to Scientific American partly because she could read it carefully while the children were at school. When she read Gardner’s column about tiling as she later recalled in an interview: “I thought it must be wonderful that someone could discover these beautiful patterns which no one had seen before.” She also wrote in an essay, “My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted to understand every detail of it. Lacking a mathematical background, I developed my own symbol system and in a few months discovered a new type.”
Astonished and delighted, she sent her work to Gardner, who sent it to Doris, a tiling expert at Moravian College. Doris confirmed that Rice’s finding was correct.
Later, Rice declined to lecture on her discoveries, citing shyness, but at Doris’s invitation, she attended a university mathematics meeting, where she was introduced to the audience. Rice still said nothing of her achievements to her children, but they eventually found out as the awards mounted.
25．Why did Rice often draw shapes in the kitchen
A．To become a mathematician. B．To explore the secret of tiling.
C．To fill her leisure time. D．To show her passion for drawing.
26．What can we learn about Rice from Paragraphs 2 and 3
A．She longed to start a column. B．She was rejected from a college.
C．She was good at designing patterns. D．She succeeded in developing a system.
27．What is the text mainly about
A．The magic of math. B．The efforts of Rice.
C．The humility of Rice. D．The patterns of tiling.
28．What can we learn from the Rice’s experience
A．Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Practice makes perfect.
【答案】25．B 26．D 27．B 28．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，1975年，圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里 赖斯（Marjorie Rice ）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案。
25．推理判断题。由第一段中“After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes. (Rice偶然接触瓷砖后，家人经常看到她在厨房里不停地画形状)”和第三段中“She also wrote in an essay, “My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted to understand every detail of it. (她还在一篇文章中写道，“我对这个主题很感兴趣，我想了解它的每一个细节)”可知，Rice对瓷砖这个主题很感兴趣，想了解它的每一个细节，可得出因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，所以Rice经常在厨房里画形状。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。由第三段中“Lacking a mathematical background, I developed my own symbol system and in a few months discovered a new type. (由于缺乏数学背景，我开发了自己的符号系统，并在几个月内发现了一种新的类型)”可知，Rice成功地开发了一个系统。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，1975年，圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里 赖斯（Marjorie Rice ）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案，B项“赖斯的努力”符合文意。故选B项。
28．推理判断题。通读全文可知，1975年，圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里 赖斯（Marjorie Rice ）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案，文章告诉我们“世上无难事，只怕有心人（Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.）”。故选A项。
（2024·浙江嘉兴·二模）I have always been proud of my handwriting, a skill I was taught in grade school. The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method, drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot. We were strictly prohibited from using block letters on our homework, as they lack the beauty.
Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive(草书). They type everything, mostly on their phones. Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past. This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.
But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards. They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent, but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written. One friend went so far as to ask if I could use block letters next time so that she could understand what I was writing.
Initially, I was angry. I had made the effort to cover an entire postcard with what I viewed as not just handwriting but calligraphy. But then I showed an English friend a postcard I'd just written, and he said that the only thing that was readily understandable was the letters “U. S. A．” The rest of it, he politely suggested, looked like “chicken scrawl”.
Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point. All the m’s and n’s run together, and the l’s look like l’s. The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s. So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.
In fact, I just now sent an old friend a postcard. But this time, I simply wrote—in big block letters:
DEAR ALICE:
HI.
JOE.
I hope she gets the message.
29．What do we know about the Palmer Penmanship Method
A．It is characterized by big flowing lines. B．It is rarely appreciated by traditionalists.
C．It was not allowed in students'homework. D．It is viewed as a trend in handwriting styles.
30．What weakened the writer’s belief in cursive
A．The popularity of block letters in recent times.
B．The younger generation’s disinterest in cursive.
C．His friends’ failure to comprehend his postcards.
D．His English friend's suggestion on postcard design.
31．Why did the writer switch to block letters for communication
A．To deliver his message clearly. B．To improve his handwriting skills.
C．To win praise from his friends. D．To show his passion for calligraphy.
32．What is the text mainly about
A．The wide use of cursive. B．The sad decline of cursive.
C．The value of preserving cursive. D．The technique of writing in cursive.
【答案】29．A 30．C 31．A 32．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小学时对自己的草书书法感到自豪，到意识到现代趋势使草书变得不那么实用和容易理解的历程。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美丽，但看不懂他们手写的明信片，所以为了清晰起见，他决定改用印刷体。这一转变象征着一个更广泛的社会转变，从手写交流向打字交流转变，显示了传统美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method, drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.”（老师正在教我们帕尔默书法法，在我们写g和s以及美丽的f时，向我们灌输形成大而流畅的线条的重要性，在我的脑海中，f就像童话故事中的公主戴着华丽的帽子，同时伸出右脚）可知，帕尔默书法它的特点是线条大而流畅。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards. They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent, but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written.”（但最近发生的一件事动摇了我对草书的信心。让我完全难以置信的是，我的两个好朋友竟然抱怨我明信片上的字迹。他们很感激我定期寄给他们的漂亮明信片，但他们说他们真的看不懂我写的东西）可知，作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point. All the m’s and n’s run together, and the l’s look like l’s. The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s. So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.”（冷静地看着明信片，我不情愿地承认他说得有道理。所有的m和n连在一起，l看起来像l。a和q是无法区分的。所以，从现在开始，我接受他们的建议，用大写字母交流）可知，作者改用大写字母来交流是为了清楚地传达他的信息。故选A项。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive. They type everything, mostly on their phones. Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past. This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.”（现在很明显，年轻人不再学草书了。他们用手机打字。漂亮的书法是过去的事了。这已经成为传统主义者巨大悲伤的来源）可知，文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落。故选B项。
（2024·福建泉州·三模）Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical and livable ones.
For about $220,000, he purchased a Greek airliner — a Boeing 727-400 — that logged about 40,000 flights in its peak. Before Campbell got his hands on his Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in, this aircraft saw regular use as it transported all kinds of people to all sorts of destinations.
After the successful transform, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party.
This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. He wanted the general public to find out that planes are capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions thanks to its sealed pressure technology.
Campbell adored the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to “inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource”.
33．What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane
A．Its high residential comfort level. B．Its remarkable transporting capacity.
C．The incredibly high transformation cost. D．The Facebook post of a party held on it.
34．What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as
A．A tsunami warning center. B．A meeting place for local community.
C．A temporary shelter in disasters. D．An engineering workshop.
35．Why did Campbell transform the planes
A．To direct attention to housing problems. B．To satisfy his scientific curiosity.
C．To advocate a greener life style. D．To call for participation in recycling.
36．What is the text mainly about
A．A former engineer turning retired planes into home.
B．Recent trends of renaissance-themed decoration.
C．A talented home designer receiving online fame.
D．Diverse approaches for sustainable living.
【答案】33．D 34．C 35．D 36．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“After the successful transform, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party. (改造成功后，他和几个朋友举办了一场大型DJ舞会。这场名为A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods的派对就发生在机翼上！参加派对的客人也有机会看到飞机回家。总的来说，他们得到了1.4万名Facebook用户的关注，他们对这场听起来不可思议的派对感兴趣。)”可知，Facebook上举办派对的帖子吸引了公众对Campbell第一架改装飞机的广泛关注，故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. (这位才华横溢的工程师在2018年初在九州岛海岸买了另一架飞机，开始了他的第二架飞机之家，因为他希望它也能成为当地社区的一个安全的地方。Bruce Campbell的部分设想是制造一架客机，在海啸威胁发出时，它可以兼作救生艇。)”可知，Campbell认为第二架飞机可以用作灾难中的临时避难所，故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据第一段“Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical-and livable ones. (Bruce Campbell是一位退休的电气工程师，他想通过展示我们如何把旧的东西回收利用成新的、实用的、宜居的东西来改变人类的行为。)”和最后一段“Campbell adored the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to ‘inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource’. (Campbell很喜欢回收飞机所带来的兴奋感，他希望人们在参观和活动期间有机会看到他的家后，会认真考虑这件事。他在自己的网站上表示，他的目标是‘激发人们对如何利用这一非凡资源的思考复兴’。)”可知，Campbell改造飞机是为了呼吁市民参与循环再造。故选D。
36．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical-and livable ones. (Bruce Campbell是一位退休的电气工程师，他想通过展示我们如何把旧的东西回收利用成新的、实用的、宜居的东西来改变人类的行为。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事，A项“一位前工程师把退役的飞机变成了家”能够总结文章大意，故选A。
（2024·吉林延边·一模）When Jenny Streete began caring for older people more than 50 years ago, prejudice was part of her everyday working life. Streete, who grew up in Jamaica and came to England in 1967, had a way of dealing with it: “Just put a smile on your face,” she says. “If you let bad words into your brain, it will only cause you more harm.”
The 81-year-old remembers one instance of abuse.
Streete says: “The sister who was managing the ward (病房) tried to calm a woman down. But I told the sister to let her say what she has to say. I don’t mind.”
The next night, Streete noticed the woman’s blanket had fallen off. She replaced it, telling the patient in a low voice exactly what she was doing and why. The same thing happened the next night, and the next. “But then, the night that I was off duty, that same woman asked the sister: ‘Where is that black lady I don’t want anyone else to look after me while she is on duty. She was so kind.’”
Brought up by her grandparents, Streete found her vocation after a mystery illness that nearly killed her, and left her with permanently damaged vision. She got better, she says, because of “loving care and tenderness”. When she came to England, she was determined to give that care to others.
And Streete hopes to carry on caring for older people as long as possible — although, she says, her children are urging her to retire. She currently works two nights a week in an end-of-life ward which provides specialist nursing. Many of the people she looks after are now a similar age to her.
Her preference for night shifts hasn’t changed, either. She frequently stays on after her shift is finished, to spend time with residents.
She urges those considering a career in care to think hard about why they’re choosing it. “Sometimes, people are not happy because they don’t want to do the job — they have to do it, because there is no other way. Wanting to do it is very different from having to do it.”
But the key quality a care worker needs, she says, is patience, “Some people like to do everything quick-quick-quick, but you have to take your time with residents. I just try to treat everybody the way I would like to be treated.”
37．What do we know about Jenny Streete
A．She never accepts others’ words.
B．She minded so much when abused.
C．She fell ill when she left Jamaica.
D．She has her own opinions about nursing.
38．What motivated Streete to choose her lifelong occupation
A．Her love for England. B．The tender care she got.
C．Older people’s prejudice. D．Her grandparents’ encouragement.
39．What qualities does Streete possess as a nurse
A．Serious and wise. B．Positive but stubborn.
C．Responsible and patient. D．Honest but indifferent.
40．What is the passage mainly about
A．Jenny Streete’s care for others in her whole life.
B．Jenny Streete’s advice on how to find a good job.
C．Jenny Streete’s experiences of fighting disease.
D．Jenny streete’s determination to remove prejudice.
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珍妮·斯特里特从事护理行业的一生和她对护理的看法。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Streete, who grew up in Jamaica and came to England in 1967, had a way of dealing with it: “Just put a smile on your face,” she says. “If you let bad words into your brain, it will only cause you more harm.”(斯特里特在牙买加长大，1967年来到英国，她有一种应对方法：“只要脸上带着微笑，”她说。“如果你让坏消息进入你的大脑，它只会给你带来更多的伤害。”)”可知，Jenny Streete对护理有自己的见解。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Brought up by her grandparents, Streete found her vocation after a mystery illness that nearly killed her, and left her with permanently damaged vision. She got better, she says, because of “loving care and tenderness”. When she came to England, she was determined to give that care to others.(斯特里特由她的祖父母抚养长大，在一场神秘的疾病几乎要了她的命，并使她的视力永久受损后，她找到了自己的职业。她说，由于“关爱和温柔”，她的病情有所好转。当她来到英国时，她决定把这种照顾带给别人)”可知，Streete曾由于疾病备受照顾，当她好了之后，她决定照顾别人。故选B项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“She urges those considering a career in care to think hard about why they’re choosing it.(她敦促那些考虑从事护理行业的人好好想想自己为什么要选择这个行业)”可推知，她认真负责；根据文章最后一段“But the key quality a care worker needs, she says, is patience, “Some people like to do everything quick-quick-quick, but you have to take your time with residents. I just try to treat everybody the way I would like to be treated.”(但她说，护工需要的关键品质是耐心，“有些人喜欢做任何事都快——快——快，但你必须花时间和老人待在一起。我希望别人怎样对待我，我就怎样对待每个人。”)”可推知，她十分有耐心。故选C项。
40．主旨大意题。根据文章内容第一段“When Jenny Streete began caring for older people more than 50 years ago, prejudice was part of her everyday working life. (50多年前，当珍妮·斯特里特开始照顾老年人时，偏见是她日常工作生活的一部分)”及倒数第四段“And Streete hopes to carry on caring for older people as long as possible — although, she says, her children are urging her to retire.(斯特里特希望尽可能长时间地照顾老年人——尽管她说，她的孩子们敦促她退休)”全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了珍妮·斯特里特从事护理行业的一生和她对护理的看法。故选A项。
（2022·全国·模拟预测）The idiom “shoot for the stars” has just taken on a literal meaning for cancer survivor Hayley Arceneaux. On February 22,2021, the Memphis, Tennessee, native was selected to be one of four crew members of the SpaceX Inspiration4—the world’s first civilian astronaut mission. The 29-year-old will make further history as the youngest American—and the first with a prosthetic limb(假肢)—to travel to space.
Hayley’s space desire began two decades ago, following a visit to the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, during a family vacation. “I got to see where the astronaut s trained and of course wanted to be an astronaut after that — who doesn’t ” She recalls. However, the young girl’s dreams were derailed a year later when she was diagnosed with bone cancer—in her femur(股骨).
Fortunately, the often fatal disease had been caught early and the experts were able to limit its spread through chemotherapy(化疗) and by replacing the diseased bones with metal rods in her left leg. Given NASA’s strict medical requirements, Hayley knew that her dream of becoming an astronaut would probably never be realized. However, the young girl had already set her mind on a different, equally challenging, and fulfilling mission — working with young cancer patients at the hospital where she had been cured.
As it turned out, Hayley’s dream of going to space was far from over. On January 5th,2021, she got a surprise call from Jared Isaacman, CEO, asking her if she would like to go to space. “Immediately I said, ‘Yes, yes, absolutely!’” Arceneaux said.
Before the mission launch later this year, the Inspiration4 crew will have intense training on the Falcon9 launch vehicle and the Dragon spacecraft. They will also be trained on orbital mechanics and prepared for emergencies through mission simulations.
41．What does the underlined word “derailed” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Destroyed. B．Paused. C．Realized. D．Valued.
42．What was Hayley’s decision after she was cured
A．To become a volunteer. B．To work in hospital.
C．To inspire the young. D．To challenge the limit.
43．What should Hayley do before going to space
A．Have a physical examination. B．Deal with emergencies.
C．Have a series of training. D．Meet with Jared Isaacman.
44．What is the text mainly about
A．A girl to go to space. B．The career of a girl.
C．A girl’s struggle history. D．The charm of space travel.
【答案】41．A 42．B 43．C 44．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女孩坚持自己的梦想，虽然历经坎坷，但最终如愿登上太空的故事。
41．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Hayley’s space desire began two decades ago, following a visit to the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, during a family vacation.( Hayley的太空愿望始于20年前，当时他在一次家庭度假中参观了位于德克萨斯州休斯顿的美国国家航空航天局约翰逊航天中心。)”和划线词句后半部分“a year later when she was diagnosed with bone cancer—in her femur(股骨) (一年后，她被诊断为股骨骨癌)”可知，Hayley想去太空的梦想因癌症而破灭了，从而推知“However, the young girl’s dreams were derailed (然而，这个年轻女孩的梦想derailed)”其中划线部分意思是“破灭”。故选A项。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, the young girl had already set her mind on a different, equally challenging, and fulfilling mission — working with young cancer patients at the hospital where she had been cured. (然而，这个年轻的女孩已经下定决心要完成另一项同样具有挑战性和成就感的任务——在她治愈的医院里与年轻的癌症患者一起工作。)”可知，治愈后，Hayley的决定就是在医院工作。故选B项。
43．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Before the mission launch later this year, the Inspiration 4 crew will have intense training on the Falcon 9 launch vehicle and the Dragon spacecraft. (在今年晚些时候发射任务之前，灵感4号机组人员将在猎鹰9号运载火箭和龙飞船上进行紧张的训练。)”可知，在发射前Hayley要进行一系列训练。故选C项。
44．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“The 29-year-old will make further history as the youngest American—and the first with a prosthetic limb(假肢)—to travel to space. (这位29岁的美国人将创造新的历史，成为前往太空旅行的最年轻的美国人，也是第一位使用假肢的美国人。)”可知，讲述了一位女孩坚持自己的梦想，虽然历经坎坷，但最终如愿登上太空的故事。故选A项。
（2023·湖南·一模）Five years ago, a couple found a baby owl, near-death, on their lawn. They consulted with me because of my experience with owls and hawks. Eventually my wife and I undertook the task of treating the owl, Alfie, waiting out a developmental delay (most of her flight feathers came especially late that first summer) , and then we taught her to fly and hunt. Alfie disappeared for a week. Then she chose to return, centering her territory (地盘) on our backyard. I put a nest box on my writing studio.
Alfie’s first free-living year— mating, raising her first baby— coincided with the COVID-19 that limited us to our yard. Friends said the birds were singing aloud and happily. From Alfie’s performance, I saw humans’ unrest and worry when facing the unexpected virus. When Alfie and her mate, Plus-One, played in the shade, the daily rhythms and quietness ofthe owls’ world contrasted with our life.
Many cultures view owls as messengers of God. However, Alfie is flesh and feathers: her heart pumps blood red as ours. She has her comforts and fears. She is a very real little being overall. Yet, throughout the isolation to prevent the spread of disease, Alfie loosed herself, living comfortably with her mate in the yard, which certainly inspired me and my family with hope. She is, in reality, a messenger, one conveying the real meaning of life.
To be fully present in life and love, so natural for Alfie, remains a work in progress for me. Alfie is the perfect little philosophical master. She enjoys a freedom unpolluted by criticism or doubt, and a liberty as the air flows beneath her wings. Resisting nothing, she is pure presence, here now. Perhaps I’d long labored toward the place where Alfie was effortlessly taking me, a sense of openness, showing what’s possible when we mess up our accustomed boundaries.
Alfie remains our magical light of the nighttime backyard. By day she usually stays in a couple of favorite shaded spots. The choice is always hers. Free within limits; that’s the universe for her. It can inspire a life’s work.
45．What can we learn about Alfie from the first two paragraphs
A．She had a quick recovery. B．She was first found by the author.
C．She set up a family in the backyard. D．She was badly affected by the COVID-19.
46．How does Alfie inspire the author and his family with hope
A．She lives a relaxed life. B．She has no fears at all.
C．She has red blood as humans. D．She is viewed as a messenger of God.
47．What does the author mean by describing Alfie’s freedom as “unpolluted by criticism or doubt” in paragraph 4
A．Alfie is not influenced by social development.
B．Alfie is free from physical and mental limitations.
C．Alfie is completely independent and self-sufficient.
D．Alfie is not affected by external judgment or uncertainty.
48．What is the text mainly about
A．The author’s successful rescue of an owl.
B．The author’s reflection on life through an owl.
C．The author’s precious friendship with an owl.
D．The author’s fight against a pandemic with an owl.
【答案】45．C 46．A 47．D 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者夫妇救治了一只猫头鹰，并从它在后院的生活方式中得到了启示。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段“Then she chose to return, centering her territory (地盘) on our backyard. I put a nest box on my writing studio.(然后她选择回来，把她的地盘集中在我们的后院。我在我的写作工作室放了一个窝盒。)”和第二段“Alfie’s first free-living year— mating, raising her first baby— coincided with the COVID-19 that limited us to our yard.(Alfie自由生活的第一年——交配，抚养她的第一个孩子——恰逢新冠病毒将我们限制在院子里。)”可知，从前两段我们可以了解到Alfie在后院组建了家庭。故选C。
46．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Yet, throughout the isolation to prevent the spread of disease, Alfie loosed herself, living comfortably with her mate in the yard, which certainly inspired me and my family with hope.(然而，为了防止疾病传播，在整个隔离期间，Alfie放松了自己，和她的伴侣在院子里舒适地生活，这无疑给我和我的家人带来了希望。)”可知，Alfie过着悠闲放松的日子，这给作者和他的家人带来了希望。故选A。
47．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“She enjoys a freedom unpolluted by criticism or doubt, and a liberty as the air flows beneath her wings. Resisting nothing, she is pure presence, here now.(她享有一种不受批评或怀疑污染的自由，一种像空气在她翅膀下流动的自由。她不抗拒任何东西，她是纯粹的存在，此时此地。)”可知，她只是她自己，不受外界的评论，因此“unpolluted by criticism or doubt”的意思是Alfie不受外界判断或不确定性的影响。故选D。
48．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第三段“Yet, throughout the isolation to prevent the spread of disease, Alfie loosed herself, living comfortably with her mate in the yard, which certainly inspired me and my family with hope. She is, in reality, a messenger, one conveying the real meaning of life.(然而，为了防止疾病传播，在整个隔离期间，Alfie放松了自己，和她的伴侣在院子里舒适地生活，这无疑给我和我的家人带来了希望。实际上，她是一个信使，一个传达生命真正意义的人。)”和倒数第二段“Perhaps I’d long labored toward the place where Alfie was effortlessly taking me, a sense of openness, showing what’s possible when we mess up our accustomed boundaries.(也许我一直在努力走向阿尔菲毫不费力地带我去的地方，一种开放的感觉，展示了当我们打破习惯的界限时，什么都是可能的。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者夫妇救治了一只猫头鹰，并从它在后院的生活方式中得到了启示，因此主旨是B选项“The author’s reflection on life through an owl.(作者通过一只猫头鹰对人生的思考。)”。故选B。
