2024届高考英语核心词汇20个精讲精练（5）学案（含答案）

高考核心词汇20个精讲精练（5）
目录
1.expense
2.experience
3.figure
4.get短语
5.give短语
6.go短语
7.grasp
8.hand短语
9.harm
10.honour
11.impress
12.judge
13.knock短语
14.land
15.leave短语
16.let短语
17.limit
18.look短语
19.lose
20.major
21.make短语
expense
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. My dad, George, only had an eighth grade education. A quiet man, he didn't understand my world of school activities. From age 14, he worked. And his dad, Albert, took the money my dad earned and used it to pay ____________________ (家庭开支). （浙江2021）
2. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” _________________ (在牺牲……的情况下) the “speaking”. （2020年新高考全国卷I）
Key:
1. family expenses
2. at the expense of

experience
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. （北京2021） __________ __________
2. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. （2020年全国卷I） __________ __________
3. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. （2020年全国卷I） __________ __________
Key:
1. n. 经历
2. adj. 有经验的
3. v. 遭受

figure
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. （浙江2021） ____________________
2. A British woman who won a $1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. （2021年新高考全国卷II） ____________________
3. Vinnie's face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. （天津2020） ____________________
Key:
1. 弄明白
2. 启发灵感的人物
3. 娇小的身材

get短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.” （浙江2021） ____________________
2. Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. （浙江2020） ____________________
3. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get away. （天津2020） ______________
Key:
1. 已经养成在外面玩的习惯
2. 通过对话和动作表达出来
3. 逃脱

give短语
【即学即练】选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式完成下列句子（每个短语限用一次）。
give off, give up, give away
1. Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and ___________ （2021年全国甲卷）
2. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that ___________ light in the dark. （浙江2019）
3. For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against ___________ food waste. “Some people have even risked their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said. （浙江2019）
Key:
1. give up
2. gives off
3. giving away
go短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. At this store, people check out and then go off to the side to bag their own groceries. （浙江2021） ____________________
2. This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for whatever. （江苏2020） ____________________
Key:
1. 去旁边
2. 努力争取

grasp
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says. （北京2020） __________ __________
2. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. （2018年全国卷Ⅰ） __________ __________
Key:
1. v. 明白
2. n. 掌握

hand短语
【即学即练】用hand短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were. _____________, when the music slowed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit. （北京2021）
2. Write ____________________ or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. （2020年新高考全国卷Ⅰ）
3. ____________________ sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. （2019年全国卷Ⅱ）
Key:
1. On the other hand
2. by hand
3. Handing out

harm
【即学即练】用括号内单词的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. I told him how __________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ）
2. As a result, she says, some of the __________ (injure) associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. （2020年全国卷Ⅰ）
Key:
1. harmful
2. injuries

honour
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, and their expression of common values through artworks (为纪念) events significant to a nation's experience. （天津2021）
2. Wang's courage won him several (荣誉), including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ）
Key:
1. in honour of
2. honours
impress
【即学即练】用impress的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. My first __________ of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind. （北京2021）
2. The __________ permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. （2020年全国卷Ⅱ）
3. Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine Why does it matter that people are more __________ by the most recent changes （江苏2019）
Key:
1. impression
2. impressive
3. impressed

judge
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight. （2020年新高考全国卷Ⅰ） __________ __________
2. You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. （2019年全国卷Ⅱ） __________ __________
Key:
1. n. 评委
2. v. 判断

knock短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. Just last year, I was conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.（2017年全国卷Ⅱ） ____________________
2. She was knocked down by a ball.（北京2017）____________________
Key:
1. 敲教室的门
2. 击倒

land
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed. （浙江2021） __________ __________
2. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842. （浙江2021） __________ __________
3. Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging. （2020年全国卷Ⅰ） __________ __________
Key:
1. v. 成功得到
2. n. 土地
3. v. 着陆

leave短语
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. “Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient digitally, they might ____________________ (被甩在后面),” says Chetan Dube, UneeQ9's CEO. （天津2021）
2. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract ____________________ (为……留有太多余地) argument. （天津2019）
Key:
1. be left behind
2. left too much room for

let短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. （2020年全国卷Ⅱ） ________________
2. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. （北京2017）________________
Key:
1. 放归野外
2. 更不用说
limit
【即学即练】用limit的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with __________ public transport. （浙江2021）
2. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are __________. （天津2019）
3. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the __________ for Alice Moore. （北京2019）
Key:
1. limited
2. limitless
3. limit

look短语
【即学即练】用look短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To ____________________ the case, Wang disguised (伪装) himself and joined the beggars. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ）
2. Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的 ), an aging writer ____________________ an ambitious yet simpler time. （2020年全国卷Ⅰ）
Key:
1. look into
2. looking back on

lose
【即学即练】用lose的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, resulting in USD 2,970 billion in economic __________. （北京2021）
2. Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting __________ in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. （天津2021）
3. Instead of seeing my boys as __________, I pushed and encouraged them. I helped them to see themselves differently, and they built themselves into winners. （天津2018）
Key:
1. loss
2. lost
3. losers

major
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. （北京2021）__________ __________
2. When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major in comparative literature. But, once I found out my friends were going into “real” majors, like marketing, nursing, and engineering, I figured I needed to do the same to ensure a good career. （天津2019）__________ __________; __________ __________
Key:
1. adj. 主要的
2. v. 主修； n. 专业课

make短语
【即学即练】用make短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can ____________________ a remarkable life. （浙江2021）
2. Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ____________________ what he was saying. （天津2019）
3. When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As a result, people will eat more food to try to ____________________ that something missing. （2017年全国卷Ⅰ）
Key:
1. make for
2. make out
3. make up for