2024年中考英语一轮总复习 八年级上册Unit 2课件（仁爱科普版）

(共88张PPT)
仁爱英语中考总复习
八上U2
本单元词汇和功能句共分为两条线索
生活习惯和饮食
运动和心情
生活习惯 和饮食
感冒
发烧
咳嗽
头痛
牙痛
背痛
胃痛
have a cold
have a fever
have a cough
have a headache
have a toothache
have a backache
have a stomachache
illness/
disease
流感
have the flu
What't wrong /the matter with you
I'm sorry to hear that.
You should/shouldn't/had better/had better not do sth.
tomatoes
cabbage
staple
wheat
salt
sugar
ice cream
watermelon
potato chips
sandwiches
strawberries
beef
biscuit
西红柿
洋白菜
主食
小麦
盐
糖
冰淇淋
西瓜
薯条
三明治
草莓
牛肉
饼干
go to bed early
do morning exercises every day
brush teeth twice a day
give up smoking
take a walk after the meal
take showers often
wash hands before meals
open the window to keep the air fresh
tidy rooms often
早睡
每天做早操
一天刷牙两次
戒烟
餐后散步
经常洗澡
餐前洗手
开窗保持空气清新
经常整理房间
stay up
read in the sun
throw litter around
smoke
study late into the night
keep fingernails long
play sports right after meals
go to school without breakfast
9. spit in public
熬夜
太阳下看书
乱扔垃圾
抽烟
读书到深夜
指甲留长
餐后马上运动
没吃早餐去上学
在公共场合吐痰
对健康有害
看起来累
导致疾病
引起癌症
头痛
咳嗽
虚弱
be bad for health
look tired
cause diseases
cause cancer
have a headache
cough
weak
（二）重视语境，展现词汇 在具体语境中的语用意义
enough
☆The little girl has enough books to read.
☆ The book is easy enough for a six-year-old boy to read.
☆ I have had enough, thank you.
☆ She is not old enough to go to school.
adj. 足够的（放于名词前)
adv. 足够地，充分地
n. 充足，足够
adj. 足够的
enough to do sth.
2. lift
☆ I can't lift this box because it is too heavy.
☆ The fog began to lift.
☆ Let's take the lift.
v. 举起,抬起
v. （云、烟等）消散
n. （英）电梯
3. brush
☆ You must brush your shoes
.
☆ I bought some brushes yesterday.
v. 刷，擦
n. 刷子
4. lie
☆ He broke his leg and had to lie all the time.
☆ Don't lie to me.
☆ The West Lake lies in Hangzhou.
v. 躺，平躺
v. 撒谎
v. 位于
lie-lay-lain-lying
lie-lied-lied-lying
5. while
☆ I was good at maths while I was a student.
☆ .While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
☆ My mother was cooking, while my father was reading.
☆ It took a long while to do the work.
conj. 当......时候
conj. 然而
n. 一段时间，一会儿
conj. 表对比
6. serious
☆ There is nothing serious.
☆ I'm afraid I'm not a very serious person.
☆ It's time to give serious consideration to this matter .
adj. 严重的
adj. 严肃的
adj. 认真的
7.question
☆They asked a lot of questions about China.
☆This led the policeman to question Jim about his parents and their marriage.
n. 问题
vt. 询问；怀疑；审问
8. build
☆The house was built in the early 19th century.
☆Their purpose is to build a fair society and a strong economy.
☆We should do exercise to build us up.
v. 建筑
v. 建立
v. 使...增强
9.go ahead . 去吧，做吧(用于同意对方想做的）
☆A: May I ask you a question
B: Sure, go ahead. ( 问吧 )
☆A: May I use your bike
B: Sure, go ahead. (用吧)
☆A: Would you mind if I sit here
B: Go ahead. ( 坐吧 )
10.prevent
☆He tries his best to prevent me from eating hot food.
☆You should do exercise to prevent the flu.
v. 阻止
v. 预防
11.stretch
☆When you stretch, you put your arms or legs out straight
☆At the end of a workout ,you need to spend time cooling down with some slow stretches.
☆The Great Wall stretches from Shanghaiguan to Jiaoyuguan.
v. 伸直
n. 伸展
v. 延伸
12.happen
☆We cannot say for sure what will happen.
☆What has happened to you
☆We happened to discover we had a friend in common.
v.发生 (在某人身上)
v.碰巧
v.发生
13.carefully
☆The policeman wrote down the details carefully.
☆He walked carefully around the broken glass.
☆Everything had been so carefully planned.
☆He should think carefully about the problem.
adv. 仔细地
adv. 小心地
adv. 细致地，周密地
adv. 仔细地
14.fruit
☆ Do you eat much fruit
☆ The book is the fruits of years of research.
☆ The dry fruit is on sale.
n. 果子，水果
n. 成果
n. 干果
15. meal
☆ Try not to eat between meals.
☆ Enjoy your meal.
n. 一顿饭
n. 一餐所吃的食物
16. taste
☆ The soup has very little taste.
☆ I have lost my sense of taste.
☆Just have a taste of this cheese.
☆This is my first taste of live theatre.
☆There are trips to suit all tastes.
☆The food tastes sweet.
n. 味道，滋味
n. 味觉
n. 一口，一点儿
n. 体验，尝试
n. 喜好，志趣
v. 尝起来， 有…味道
17. fat
☆ You will get fat if you eat so much chocolate.
☆ He has a fat volume on American history.
☆He give me a nice fat cheque.
☆This ham has too much fat on it.
☆Cook the meat in fat.
adj. 肥的
adj. 厚的，宽大的
adj. 大量的，值钱的
n. 脂肪
n. （烹饪用的）动植物油
二.功能句
（1）询问别人病情的表达方式：
—What's wrong / the matter with...
— I have a cold / a fever / a cough / a headache / a toothache / a backache / a stomachache .
—How long have you been like this
—Two days.
—How are you feeling today
—Not too bad.
…
（2）提建议的表达:就医方面的
☆You'd better take some medicine.
☆ Shall I take you to the hospital
☆ You'd better not go to school today.
☆ You should lie down and rest.
☆ You shouldn't eat hot food.
☆ Have a good rest and don't worry about it.
☆ Follow the doctor's advice, and you'll get well soon.
补充：
☆go to see a doctor at once when we have the flu
☆go to bed early
☆drink enough water
☆take some medicine
☆drink lots of boiled water
☆take some cold pills
☆lie down and take a good rest
...
(3)饮食有关的,建议应该去做的
☆. You should drink enough water.
☆. Breakfast gives you energy for the morning.
☆. Water is good for your health.
☆. Drink enough water every day.
☆. You need to have healthy eating habits.
☆. Fruit and vegetables are good for our health.
☆. Eat the right food to keep you healthy.
☆.We should eat vegetables and fruit to keep healthy.
饮食有关的,建议不要做的
☆.You shouldn't eat hot food.
☆. Fast food, like potato chips, will make you fat and unhealthy.
☆.Going to school without breakfast is bad for your health.
☆.Remember not to eat too much sugar/salt/candy/ice cream.
☆.We mustn’t drink sour milk.
☆. You shouldn't eat too much candy.
☆. I don't feel like eating.
☆. Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar.
☆. You mustn't eat too much candy or ice cream.
☆. You mustn’t play sports right after meals.
☆. You shouldn’t drink coffee or tea in the evening.
（4）生活习惯方面的建议
☆ Staying up late is bad for your health.
☆ You should go to bed early.
☆ Is getting up late good or bad for our health
☆ I must ask him to give up smoking.
☆ we should keep our rooms clean and the air fresh all the time.
☆ we should wash our hands and change our clothes often.
☆ we should keep away from crowded places.
如何保持健康之生活习惯篇—如何预防流感的具体措施有关的功能句（建议不该去做的)
shouldn't/ had better not/ musn't/ needn't/can't /Don’t等
☆work on the Internet too long
☆go to crowded places
☆play sports too much
☆watch TV too long
...
补充：
运动与心情
1. exercise
1) u.n. 运动
do exercise
2) c.n. 具体的某一套运动
do morning exercises/ do eye exercises
3) c.n.练习题
do math exercises
4) v. 锻炼、运动
他一周锻炼三次。
He exercises three times a week.
和健康相关的词汇
1.1) well : adj. 身体健康的
Eg. look well / get well / feel well
well:adv. 好地
Eg. 努力地学英语 study English well
足球踢地很好 play football well
2.系表结构
① 构成：系动词+adj.
look well get well
② 常见的系动词
感官动词：smell, taste, look, feel, sound + adj.
smell good taste delicious
look cute feel terrible/well/better
sound interesting
转变：become, get, turn, be+adj.
become popular get warm/cold/hot/cool
turn green/red/white
keep+adj.
keep quiet/clean/healthy
EG.
(1)请保持安静。
Please keep quiet.
(2) 篮球变得很流行。
Basketball becomes popular.
(3)树木变绿了。
Trees turn green.
(4) 这果汁尝起来不错。
The juice tastes good.
(5) 这部电影听起来很有趣。
The film sounds very interesting.
3. lie (lying)
1） v. 躺下 lay
lie down
e.g. 你看起来很憔悴，应该躺下休息。
You don't look well. You should lie down
and have a rest.
v.撒谎
lie to sb
e.g. 他总是对他父母撒谎。
He always lies to his parents.
2) n. 谎言
tell sb. a lie
4. cough
(1) v.
eg. I cough day and night.
(2)n. have a cough
eg. I have a bad/terrible cough.
5.(1) hurt adj: 受伤的 疼痛的
我的腿很疼。
My legs are hurt.
我脚疼。
My feet get hurt.
(2) v. 受伤 hurt-hurt
我受伤了。
你伤害了我。
昨天我的胳膊受伤了。
他的腿受伤了。
Be/get hurt
hurt oneself/sb./身体部位
I hurt my arms yesterday.
I hurt myself.
You hurt me.
He hurts my legs.
key points
(3) 身体部位+hurt
我的腿受伤了。
My legs hurt.
他的左手受伤了。
His left hand hurts.
key points
6.look after= take care of 照顾，照看
你能帮我照顾她吗？
Can you help me take care of her.
Can you help me look after her
他哥哥正在照看史蒂夫。
His brother is looking after Steve.
His brother is taking care of Steve.
照看好
take good care of
请照顾好你自己。
Please take good care of yourself.
key points
7. worry about =be worried about
注意: worry: V. “担心”
worried :adj. “担心的”
我担心你的腿。
I worry about your legs.
= I am worried about your legs.
我担心我的功课。
I worry about my lessons.
I am worried about my lessons.
8. Follow the doctor’s advice
= Take the doctor’s advice
advice “建议” u.n.
一些建议
一则建议
两则建议
给某人建议
Eg. 你能给我一些建议吗？
Could you give me some advice
= Could you give some advice to me
some advice
a piece of advice
two pieces of advice
give sb. advice= give advice to sb.
9. How are you feeling today
答语：Still bad./Not too bad./ Not so well./
I’m feeling a little better.
I’m feeling much better.
10. prevent vt. 阻止，预防
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
= stop sb. (from) doing sth.
= keep sb. from doing sth.(from不可省略)
他尽全力阻止我吃辛辣的食物。
你应该阻止他们去拥挤的地方。
He tries his best to prevent/stop/stop me
from eating hot food.
You should prevent/ stop/keep them from
going to crowded places.
11.stay away from sth.=keep away from
远离某物/某事
老师告诉我们要远离毒品。
The teacher tells us _________________ drugs.
Students should _____ _____ _____ _____
(play)computer games.
to stay away from
stay/keep away from playing
12. say no to sth./ doing sth. 拒绝…
让我们拒绝不健康食物。
Let’s say no to unhealthy food.
你应该杜绝玩游戏。
You should say no to playing computer
games.
二.梳理话题下的功能句
（1）运动有益健康的相关表达
You should do morning exercises every day.
You mustn’t play sports right after meals.
Walking is good exercise.
We should exercise often to build us up.
Playing sports can also help you keep fit.
It is important to warm up before you exercise.
If you exercise for 30 minutes each time, you will stay healthy.
（2）心情有益健康的相关表达
Happiness is important for your health.
Happiness is the best medicine.
When you are ill, try to be happy and you’ll feel better.
You may feel ill if you are always unhappy.
Be happy to be healthy.
三、语法探究
This is your friend, Junjun. She has bad living habits and she has been ill for several days.
If you want to give her some advice, what kind of sentence pattern can you use
You can…
You should…
You had better…
You must…
You may…
You can’t …
You shouldn’t…
You had better not…
You mustn’t…
do sth
提供建议的其他高级句式
☆动名词做主语
Playing sports can also help you keep fit。
☆祈使句，and +句子/ 祈使句，or +句子
Choose a sport that you enjoy and then your exercise will be fun.
三.相关语法
（一）情态动词
（二）祈使句
（三）非谓语动词（动名词）
（一）情态动词：后加___________，表语气和情态，没有_______和_________的变化.
1. can的用法（过去式______________)
a) She can sing English songs very well.
(表______________)
She could sing English songs well at the age of five.
(表______________)
b) — Can I / May I park my car here
(表______________= may)
——Yes, you can. No, you _________/ _________.
Can you do me a favor Could you do me a favor (表_________，用could 更委婉)
c) It can’t be him. He has gone to Hong Kong.
(表__________________)
动词原形
人称 数
could
能力
过去能力
许可
can’t
mustn’t
请求
否定猜测
注1: be able to 与 can的区别
共同点：表能力时可以替换
We can easily work out the problem.
= We _____________________ work out the problem easily.
can只有一般时和过去时，be able to有各种时态
The baby ________________to speak when he grows up.
are able to
will be able
注2:
忍不住做某事____________________
不能帮助做某事__________________
无法忍受(做)……_________________
迫不及待做…… __________________
can’t help doing sth.
can’t help do sth.
can’t stand doing sth.
can’t wait to do sth.
2. may的用法（过去式是___________）
a.表_______，比can正式，用于第一人称的
疑问句中May I …. May I come in
b.表________ May you succeed.
c.表猜测，可能性比must弱，比might强
I ________ come tonight, but I am not so sure.
A. will B. can C. may
3. must的用法
a. 表_______
You must take care of your parents.
b.表_______
You must drink more water.
might
许可
祝愿
C
义务
建议
c. 用于_____________，“一定，准是”。
You must be hungry after working so long,
_________ ___________ (反意疑问句)
d. mustn’t 表___________
You mustn’t play on the street.
e.回答含有must的疑问句
Must we keep the windows open all the time？
Yes,________ __________.
No, you _________ . /
No, you _______ ________ ________.
肯定猜测
aren’t you
禁止
we must
needn’t
don’t have to
4. need 的用法
a. 实义动词，有人称，数，时态的变化
All living things, including humans, ________ water.
The boy looks pale. He_______ to see the doctor.
— Do you __________ to do homework right now
— No, I _______.
The machine doesn’t work.
It _____ repairing.=_______________________
总结：1) need _______ 2) need ____ ____ ____
3) sth. need ___________(主动表被动)
2) 否定句: __________ _________ sth/to do
need
needs
need
don’t
It needs to be repaired.
needs
sth.
to do sth,
doing sth.
don’t need
b. 情态动词，无人称，数，时态的变化
He need go now.
否定句： _____________________________________
一般疑问句： _____________________________________
特殊疑问句： _____________________________________
c. 名词：有需要、有困难_____ _____
没必要做某事There is no need__________
不需要某物 There is no need __________
He needn’t go now.
Need he go now
What need he do now
in need
to do sth.
for sth.
5. dare的用法 （同need）
a.实义动词，有人称，数，时态的变化
（dares-dared）
用法：_____________ 否定_____________
b.情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，没有时态的变化
用法：______________ 否定________________
Practice:
_______ you speak English in public
Yes, I _____ / No, I ______.
He ______ _______to go out alone at night.
dare to do sth.
don’t dare to do sth.
dare do sth.
dare not do sth.
Dare
dare daren’t
doesn’t dare
6. used to ________ 过去常常做某事
疑问句，否定句有两种形式
He used to go fishing on Sunday.
否定句： _____________________________________
一般疑问句： _____________________________________
do sth.
He usedn’t to…… He didn’t use to…
Used he to…. Did he use to….
7. ought to__________ “有责任，义务做某事”
We ought to turn off the light before leaving the room.
________ we _______ ________ off the light before leaving the room
Yes, we _______. /No, we __________.
do sth.
Ought to turn
ought needn’t
（二）祈使句
Put your books away.
Let me help you.
Be careful.
Don’t play on the street.
No parking. / No photos.
1. 结构：
1) Do型
2) let 型
3) be 型
4) don’t+动词原形
5) no型
2.祈使句+and/or+陈述句
Work hard, and you’ll succeed.
= If you work hard, you’ll succeed.
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for class.
=Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class.
3. 祈使句的反意疑问句
Let’s----shall we
其他----will you
三、动名词（doing）功能：主、宾、表、定
1.作主语, 谓语动词用_________数
Drinking milk __________ (be) good for our health.
Working too long_________ (make) him tired.
2. 作______
My hobby is collecting stamps.
3. 作宾语,常用动词:
________________________________ doing sth.
单
is
makes
表语
begin/mind/finish/consider/need/enjoy
avoid/stop/practice
4.作定语
动名词作定语表用途或功能 现在分词作定语表动作正在进行
__________________ ________________________
__________________ ______________________
__________________ ________________________
①动名词的被动形式:being done
He likes laughing at Tom, but Tom doesn’t
like_________________________ by him.
桥正在被建。
The bridge ___________________________.
a swimming pool
a swimming girl
a walking stick
a walking man
a sleeping bag
a sleeping dog
being laughed at
is being built
②能接动名词和不定式的动词:
love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, remember, forget, try, start, regret
区别: remember to do/doing, forget to do/doing, regret to do/doing, stop to do/doing
四.书面表达
为了帮助Junjun，请写一封信，并给她一些建议，帮助他保持健康
1.健康饮食：多吃蔬菜水果；少吃糖和盐。
2.多做运动：运动是保持健康的好方法；运动可以增强体质。
3.良好的生活习惯：早睡早起；拒绝抽烟喝酒
4.自己补充一点。
要求: 1.80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。
2.语句通顺，语意连贯。3.不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Dear Junjun,
I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for several days.
Dear Junjun,
I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for several days.
I think keeping healthy is very important for us. Here are some suggestions for you to keep healthy.
First of all, you should have healthy eating habits. You should eat more vegetables and less meat. And eating less sugar and salt will make your body healthy.
Second, you had better do more sports. Exercising is a good way to keep healthy. As we know, doing more sports can help to build yourself up.
Third, healthy living habits is also important to your health. Please go to bed early and get up early. You must say no to smoking and drinking.
What’s more, be happy to be healthy. Follow my advice, and I believe you can be healthy.
(一)情景交际
1.当听到别人说不好的消息时，你很遗憾，你可以这么说：
I’m sorry to hear that.
2.你的朋友牙疼，你要建议他去看牙医，你可以这么说：
You should/had better go to see a dentist.
3.你要安慰你生病的同学，告诉他“我希望你能尽快好起来”，你可以这样说：
I hope you will get well soon.
五.补充巩固性练习
4. 当你去看医生，医生如何询问你的感受：
How are you feeling now
5.同桌一直咳嗽，你想知道他像这样多长时间了，你可以问：
How long have you been like this
6. 看见有人乱扔垃圾，你可以这么劝告他：
Don't throw litter around./
You mustn’t /shouldn't/had better not throw litter around.
7. 作为一名记者，你可以这样向别人开始提问：
May I ask you some questions
8.你想知道如何预防流感，你要怎么问：
What should we do to prevent the flu /
How should we prevent the flu
9. 你打电话要找的人不在，你想留言，可以这样要求说：
May I leave a message
Can you take a message for me
1. She had better not read in the sun.
2. He has a backache.
3. She should stay in bed and have a rest.
4. He had better drink lots of water.
（二）看图写句子
not
have
stay, rest
had better
be good for
be good for
Taking a shower every dayis good for our health.
Doing morning exercises is good for our health.
bad,
before, every day
Is moking bad for our health
He washes his hands before having meals every day.
看图写话
keep, window should, build up had better should, oneself
1. We should open the window to keep the air fresh.
2. We should do morning exercises often to build us up.
3. We had better take showers often.
4. We should do our homework by ourselves.
（三）综合填空 ：（A）
A rich man asked a wise old man to help his son give up his bad habits. The old man took the boy _______ a walk through a garden. He stopped suddenly and asked the boy to pull up a small plant_______ (grow) there. The boy pulled it up_______(easy). The old man then asked him to pull up a bigger_______ /plα:nt / . The boy pulled hard and the plant_______(come) out.
“Now pull up that one.” said the old man, pointing to a bush. The boy did_______ best and finally pulled it up.
for
growing
easily
plant
came
his
“Now pull this one out,” said the old man, pointing to a tree. The boy put his arms_______ (围绕) the tree and tried to pull it up, but he couldn't.
“It's_______(possible).” said the boy. He was tired.
“It's the_______ /se m/ with bad habits.” said the old man,“When they're young, it's easy to pull them up, ________/b t/ when they grow up, they can't be uprooted(根除) so easily.”
These words changed the boy's life.
around
impossible
same
but
（B）
Is eating breakfast important for students Recently I have ___________(make) a survey among 100 students in our school. About 45 percent students go to school without breakfast. About 35 percent students do not treat breakfast __________ (serious). They sometimes just eat ___________egg or a piece of bread. Only 20 percent students have enough breakfast with several kinds of food every morning.
Some students who stay up late to study________ [t u:z] to miss breakfast so that they can have a few extra minutes in bed. They are too tired. Others are given money by ________(parents) to buy their breakfast on the way to school, because their parents
made
seriously
an
choose
parents
are too busy to prepare it for them. In fact, these students don’t probably buy their breakfast, because they think it is a ________[we st] of time. In addition, a few girls want to stay slim and often go to
school ________breakfast.
In ________, it’s very important for students to have breakfast. It can make them have good memory, and make them in a good________ [mu:d]. So students should start ________(they) days with a regular good breakfast.
waste
without
short
mood
their
1. She had better not read in the sun.
2. He has a backache.
3. She should stay in bed and have a rest.
4. He had better drink lots of water.
（二）看图写句子
not
have
stay, rest
had better
三.综合短文填空(A)
President Xi Jingping tells us to do sports every day. However, nowadays people are busy________(work). Very often they don’t spend much time__________ (exercise). As a result, many people become too_______/f t/ or too thin. To keep our bodies healthy, we have to do sports every day. There________ (be) many kinds of exercise. Swimming ________ (make) us strong easily. Before we go swimming, it’s better________us to do warm-up(热身)exercise first. ________(cycle) is also good exercise. When you are cycling, drinking ________/ 'n f/boiled water is important. On one hand, doing sports can keep us fit. ________the other hand, it makes us happy. So we should make a plan about exercise as soon as________.
working
exercising
fat
are
makes
for
Cycling
enough
On
possible
（B）
Is eating breakfast important for students Recently I have ___________(make) a survey among 100 students in our school. About 45 percent students go to school without breakfast. About 35 percent students do not treat breakfast __________ (serious). They sometimes just eat ___________egg or a piece of bread. Only 20 percent students have enough breakfast with several kinds of food every morning.
Some students who stay up late to study________ [t u:z] to miss breakfast so that they can have a few extra minutes in bed. They are too tired. Others are given money by ________(parents) to buy their breakfast on the way to school, because their parents
made
seriously
an
choose
parents
are too busy to prepare it for them. In fact, these students don’t probably buy their breakfast, because they think it is a ________[we st] of time. In addition, a few girls want to stay slim and often go to
school ________breakfast.
In ________, it’s very important for students to have breakfast. It can make them have good memory, and make them in a good________ [mu:d]. So students should start ________(they) days with a regular good breakfast.
waste
without
short
mood
their
Thanks