2024届高考英语核心词汇20个精讲精练（7）学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语核心词汇20个精讲精练（7）学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-06 07:15:52 | ||
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高考核心词汇20个精讲精练（7）
目录
1.sign
2.smooth
3.sort
4.sound
5.spare
6.spot
7.stage
8.stand短语
9.state
10.stay短语
11.strength
12.stress
13.stike
14.survive
15.through
16.take短语
17.think短语
18.throw短语
19.time短语
20.tough
sign
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ） __________ __________
2. The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent (执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. （北京2021） __________ __________
3. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. （2020年全国卷Ⅰ） __________ __________
Key:
1. n. 迹象
2. v. 签名
3. n. 信号
smooth
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ） ____________________
2. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. （2018年全国卷Ⅰ） ____________________
Key:
1. 一切进展顺利
2. 一条顺畅的游览路线
sort
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子（每空一词）。
1. When you sleep, your brain __________ __________ (整理) everything that happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. （北京2021）
2. It's __________ __________ __________ (有点像) observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. （北京2021）
Key:
1. sorts through / sorts out
2. a sort of
sound
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. （北京2021） __________ __________
2. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. （2020年新高考全国卷Ⅰ）__________ __________
Key:
1. v. 发出
2. n. 声音
spare
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ）__________ __________
2. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together every day. （2020年全国卷Ⅱ）__________ __________
Key:
1. adj. 空闲的
2. v. 抽出
spot
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. It's a good idea to choose an alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available. （天津2021）____________________
2. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table. （2020年全国卷Ⅱ）____________________
Key:
1. 旅游地点
2. 看到两幅画
stage
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother preferred meditation (冥想), while I was a born performer who preferred the theatrical, even when _________________ (不在舞台上). （天津2021）
2. Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images (图像) of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the ____________________ (训练阶段), each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. （浙江2021）
3. While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college ____________________ (使……成为可能) that exploration. （2017年全国卷Ⅰ）
Key:
1. off stage
2. training stage
3. sets the stage for
stand短语
【即学即练】用stand短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. Too often, when you ____________________ to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”. （2020年新高考全国卷Ⅰ）
2. Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student ____________________ to him. （天津2019）
Key:
1. stand up
2. stood out
state
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks. （2021年全国乙卷） _______
2. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. （2021年全国甲卷） ________
3. That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N. Y., ... Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. （北京2017） ________
Key:
1. 最佳状态
2. 说清楚
3. 州法
stay短语
【即学即练】用stay短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to ____________________. （北京2018）
2. Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was ____________________ really late at night to get my work done. （浙江2018）
Key:
1. stay in
2. staying up
strength
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. Since its birth, Harrogate Music Festival has ____________________ (越来越成功). （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ）
2. The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities ____________________ (strength) schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. （2019年全国卷Ⅰ）
Key:
1. gone from strength to strength
2. strengthen
stress
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. （北京2021） __________ __________
2. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. （2020年全国卷Ⅰ） __________ __________
3. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. （江苏2017） __________ __________
Key:
1. n. （精神）压力
2. n. （物理）压力
3. v. 强调
strike
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently ____________________ (达成协议) with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ）
2. The researchers described “____________________ (显著的) changes” in the geography of BMI. （浙江2021）
3. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment ____________________ (让我觉得奇怪). （2021年全国乙卷）
Key:
1. struck a bargain / deal
2. striking
3. struck me as strange
survive
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. （2021年全国甲卷） ____________________
2. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ） ____________________
3. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction (灭绝) of one of them. （天津2019） ____________________
Key:
1. 在中国悠久的历史中保存下来
2. 对它们的生存至关重要
3. 在其中一个物种灭绝的情况下存活下来
through
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. （2021年全国甲卷）__________ __________
2. Maybe you say “go”, or turn on a certain song, or whatever. Just keep music playing throughout. （2021年全国甲卷）__________ __________
3. Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't hesitate to open them and walk through. （2020年全国卷Ⅰ）__________ __________
Key:
1. prep. 穿过；贯穿
2. adv. 自始至终
3. adv. 通过
take短语
【即学即练】用take短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. Machines have largely ____________________ planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ）
2. In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have ____________________ a lifesaving role. （江苏2020）
3. Getting a little closer, I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in trouble. “Something's not right!” I ____________________ my T-shirt and dived into the water. （2018年全国卷Ⅱ）
Key:
1. taken over
2. taken on
3. took off
think短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.（2021年全国乙卷）____________________
2. When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. （江苏2018）____________________
Key:
1. 考虑
2. 想到艺术
throw短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. In particular, I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be competitive for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. （天津2021）____________________
2. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. （2021年全国甲卷）____________________
Key:
1. 投入到了音乐剧的世界里
2. 扔掉旧衣服
time短语
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read ____________________ (一次). （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ）
2. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground ____________________ (总是). （2020年全国卷Ⅰ）
3. Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes ____________________ (准时). （北京2019）
Key:
1. at a time
2. at all times / all the time
3. on time
tough
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的中文释义。
1. Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ） __________
2. Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. （浙江2017） __________
Key:
1. 艰难的
2. 更苛刻的
目录
1.sign
2.smooth
3.sort
4.sound
5.spare
6.spot
7.stage
8.stand短语
9.state
10.stay短语
11.strength
12.stress
13.stike
14.survive
15.through
16.take短语
17.think短语
18.throw短语
19.time短语
20.tough
sign
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ） __________ __________
2. The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent (执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. （北京2021） __________ __________
3. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. （2020年全国卷Ⅰ） __________ __________
Key:
1. n. 迹象
2. v. 签名
3. n. 信号
smooth
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ） ____________________
2. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. （2018年全国卷Ⅰ） ____________________
Key:
1. 一切进展顺利
2. 一条顺畅的游览路线
sort
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子（每空一词）。
1. When you sleep, your brain __________ __________ (整理) everything that happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. （北京2021）
2. It's __________ __________ __________ (有点像) observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. （北京2021）
Key:
1. sorts through / sorts out
2. a sort of
sound
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. （北京2021） __________ __________
2. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. （2020年新高考全国卷Ⅰ）__________ __________
Key:
1. v. 发出
2. n. 声音
spare
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ）__________ __________
2. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together every day. （2020年全国卷Ⅱ）__________ __________
Key:
1. adj. 空闲的
2. v. 抽出
spot
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. It's a good idea to choose an alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available. （天津2021）____________________
2. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table. （2020年全国卷Ⅱ）____________________
Key:
1. 旅游地点
2. 看到两幅画
stage
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother preferred meditation (冥想), while I was a born performer who preferred the theatrical, even when _________________ (不在舞台上). （天津2021）
2. Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images (图像) of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the ____________________ (训练阶段), each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. （浙江2021）
3. While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college ____________________ (使……成为可能) that exploration. （2017年全国卷Ⅰ）
Key:
1. off stage
2. training stage
3. sets the stage for
stand短语
【即学即练】用stand短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. Too often, when you ____________________ to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”. （2020年新高考全国卷Ⅰ）
2. Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student ____________________ to him. （天津2019）
Key:
1. stand up
2. stood out
state
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks. （2021年全国乙卷） _______
2. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. （2021年全国甲卷） ________
3. That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N. Y., ... Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. （北京2017） ________
Key:
1. 最佳状态
2. 说清楚
3. 州法
stay短语
【即学即练】用stay短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to ____________________. （北京2018）
2. Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was ____________________ really late at night to get my work done. （浙江2018）
Key:
1. stay in
2. staying up
strength
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. Since its birth, Harrogate Music Festival has ____________________ (越来越成功). （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ）
2. The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities ____________________ (strength) schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. （2019年全国卷Ⅰ）
Key:
1. gone from strength to strength
2. strengthen
stress
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. （北京2021） __________ __________
2. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. （2020年全国卷Ⅰ） __________ __________
3. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. （江苏2017） __________ __________
Key:
1. n. （精神）压力
2. n. （物理）压力
3. v. 强调
strike
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently ____________________ (达成协议) with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ）
2. The researchers described “____________________ (显著的) changes” in the geography of BMI. （浙江2021）
3. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment ____________________ (让我觉得奇怪). （2021年全国乙卷）
Key:
1. struck a bargain / deal
2. striking
3. struck me as strange
survive
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. （2021年全国甲卷） ____________________
2. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ） ____________________
3. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction (灭绝) of one of them. （天津2019） ____________________
Key:
1. 在中国悠久的历史中保存下来
2. 对它们的生存至关重要
3. 在其中一个物种灭绝的情况下存活下来
through
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. （2021年全国甲卷）__________ __________
2. Maybe you say “go”, or turn on a certain song, or whatever. Just keep music playing throughout. （2021年全国甲卷）__________ __________
3. Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't hesitate to open them and walk through. （2020年全国卷Ⅰ）__________ __________
Key:
1. prep. 穿过；贯穿
2. adv. 自始至终
3. adv. 通过
take短语
【即学即练】用take短语的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. Machines have largely ____________________ planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ）
2. In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have ____________________ a lifesaving role. （江苏2020）
3. Getting a little closer, I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in trouble. “Something's not right!” I ____________________ my T-shirt and dived into the water. （2018年全国卷Ⅱ）
Key:
1. taken over
2. taken on
3. took off
think短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.（2021年全国乙卷）____________________
2. When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. （江苏2018）____________________
Key:
1. 考虑
2. 想到艺术
throw短语
【即学即练】翻译下列各句中的画线部分。
1. In particular, I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be competitive for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. （天津2021）____________________
2. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. （2021年全国甲卷）____________________
Key:
1. 投入到了音乐剧的世界里
2. 扔掉旧衣服
time短语
【即学即练】根据提示完成下列句子。
1. If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read ____________________ (一次). （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ）
2. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground ____________________ (总是). （2020年全国卷Ⅰ）
3. Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes ____________________ (准时). （北京2019）
Key:
1. at a time
2. at all times / all the time
3. on time
tough
【即学即练】写出下列各句中画线部分的中文释义。
1. Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. （2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ） __________
2. Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. （浙江2017） __________
Key:
1. 艰难的
2. 更苛刻的