人教版七年级下册Unit 3 How do you get to school? 知识点+练习 （含答案）

Unit3 How do you get to school
一、单词讲解
1 train n.火车
1）train 作名词时候，表示“火车”
take the train坐火车=by train
2）train 作动词时候，表示“训练”
train sb/sth to do sth训练某人/某物去做...
He trains his dog to dance everyday.他每天都会训练自己的狗去跳舞。
2 bus n.公共汽车；公交车
bus driver 公交司机
I take a bus to school every day.我每天做公交上学。
3 subway n.地铁
sub-地底下的
subway同义词：underground/metro
4 ride v.骑 n.旅程
1）ride 做名词时，意为“（乘坐汽车等的）旅行；乘骑；（乘车或骑车的）短途旅程”等。常用于词组：go for a ride （去兜风） give sb. a ride （让……搭车）。
Can you give me a ride to the market 你能让我搭车去市场吗？
I’d like to go for a ride. 我想出去兜兜风。
How much is a ride 乘一次多少钱？
2）ride做动词，意为“乘车，乘坐，搭乘”。
He often rides his bike to school. 他经常骑自行车去学校。
My little sister can ride a horse. She’s very brave. 我妹妹会骑马；她非常勇敢。
5 bike n. 自行车
ride a bike 骑自行车=by bike
bike同义词bicycle
6 hundred num.一百
hundreds of成百上千的
1）前面有具体数词修饰时,hundred不能加 s。
one hundred一百　three hundred三百
2）当表示不确定的数目时要加 s,而且要与of连用,构成hundreds of,意为“成百上千”。
There are hundreds of books on the desk.桌子上有几百本书。
拓展：thousand num.一千 thousands of成千上万的
7 minute n.分钟
just a minute等一下，请稍等
There is 60 minutes in an hour.一小时有60分钟。
拓展：second n.秒 hour n.小时
8 far adv. & adj. 远；远的
1）far from距离…远
be far from…离…比较远
My home/house is far from my school. 我的家离学校很远。
2）How far… …有多远
How far is it from your home toschool 你们家离学校有多远。
3）far 修饰比较级
far better 好得多
9 kilometer n.公里，千米
kilo-千 kilogram n.千克
centimeter厘米 meter米
10 new adj. 新的；刚出现的
new反义词old
Happy New Year!新年快乐！
Can you buy me a new pair of shoes 你可帮我买一双新鞋子吗？
news n.新闻 newspaper 报纸
11 every adj. 每一；每个=each
every day 每天 everyday adj.日常的，每天的
Not every student likes English.不是每个人都不喜欢英语。
12 by prep. (表示方式）乘（交通工具）
1）by+交通工具，表示“乘坐...”放在句末
by bike 骑自行车
2）by+地点，表示“在…旁边”
I want a house by the river.我想要一所在河边的房子。
3）by+人名，表示“由....做”
I read a book by Luxun.我读了一本鲁迅写的书。
4）by+时间点，表示“到…为止；在...之前”
You must go home by 10 o’clock.你必须在10点之前回家。
5）by+doing，表示“通过做....”通过
I study English by listening to English songs.我通过听英语歌曲来学习英语。
13 drive v. 开车
1）drive表示 “开....”
I drive my car to work.我每天开车上班。
2）drive表示“强迫做....”，drive sb to do sth强迫某人做某事
My father always drives me to study.我爸爸总是强迫我学习。
拓展：driver n.司机
14 live v. 居住；生活
1）live作动词，表示“生活，住在....” live in居住在…
2）live作形容词，表示“直播的” a lie show直播表演
15 stop n. 车站；v. 停止
1）stop作名词，表示“车站” bus stop公交车站
2）stop作动词，表示“停止”
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
16 cross v.横过；越过
1）cross 作动词， 意为“横过，越过”，指从表面上横过。
They cross the river every day. 他们每天都要过河。
Cross the road, you will see the store. 过了马路，你就会看到那个商店。
2）cross 作名词，意为“十字架，十字形饰物；画十字的动作”。
Jesus died on the cross. 耶稣死在十字架上。
He made a cross over his head. 他在他头上画了一个十字。
拓展：cross/across/through
①cross是动作，表示“从...表面穿过”
②across是介词，穿过，横穿 cross=动词+across
I cross the street.=I go across the street.我从路上穿过去。
③through是介词，穿过。强调从物体内部穿过
17 many adj. & pron.许多
many后面加可数名词复数形式；much后面加不可数名词
many of 意为“.....中的许多”，of后接代词宾格或者可数名词的复数。
Many of us are from Beijing.我们中的许多人来自北京。
18 between prep.介于…（两者）之间
between…and…在……和……之间
among prep.介于…(三者)之间
19 afraid adj.害怕；惧怕
afraid是形容词, 意为“害怕的, 恐惧的”。常和系动词一起构成系表结构。
I am not afraid. 我不害怕。
1）be afraid of
① be afraid of 后跟名词或者代词，意为“害怕某人或某物”。
Are you afraid of dogs 你害怕狗吗
She seems very much afraid of him. 她好像很害怕他。
② be afraid of后跟动名词时，意为“怕做某事或不敢做某事”。
I’m afraid of telling her. 我不敢告诉她。
He is afraid of jumping. 他不敢跳。
③ be afraid of还可以指“担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生)”。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。
I am afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤害她的感情。
2）be afraid to 后接动词原形，意为“害怕做某事或不敢做某事”。
He is afraid to fly in a plane. 他不敢坐飞机。
注意：表示担心会发生某事或某情况，只能用 be afraid of , 而表示“害怕做某事或不敢做某事”时，既可以用be afraid of 也可以用be afraid to。
Don’t be afraid to ask (of asking) question. 不要害怕问问题。
He is afraid to go out (of going out) alone at night. 他不敢晚上一个人出去。
3）be afraid that 后跟一个完整的句子，意为“担心/恐怕……”。
He is afraid that she will not come. 他担心她不会来。
I am afraid I can’t help you. 恐怕我帮不了你。
在日常口语中, “I’m afraid that…”在很多场合相当于“I’m sorry, but…”。用于提出异议，说出令人不快的事实,拒绝对方的要求等,使语气委婉。
I'm afraid I don't understand. 抱歉，我不明白你的意思。
I’m afraid you are wrong. (You are wrong, I’m afraid.) 恐怕你错了。
4）在口语中I’m afraid so. 和I’m afraid not.常用作简略答语。
---Is it going to rain tomorrow 明天会下雨吗 ---I’m afraid so. 恐怕会。/---I’m afraid not. 恐怕不会。
20 like prep.像
1）like作动词，表示“喜欢”like to do/like doing sth喜欢做...
I like reading the books.我喜欢读书。
2）like作介词，表示“像...”be like=look like看起来像
It looks like a tiger.那看起来像一只老虎。
21 leave v.离开
1）leave意为“离开”，后面跟表示地方的名词
leave for动身去 leave behind落后 leave sb. alone让某人独自呆着
2）leave意为“遗忘；丢失”
I leave my schoolbbag on the sofa.我把书包遗忘在沙发上。
22 dream n.梦想；睡梦 v.做梦
1）dream 作动词，意为“做梦，梦见，渴望，向往”等意，既可以做及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。意为“做……梦“时，后跟同源名词dream做宾语；意为“梦见”时，常和about连用；意为“渴望、向往、考虑”等时常和of连用。
She dreams a good dream every night. 她每晚都做美梦。
I sometimes dream about my good friends. 我时常梦见我的好朋友。
I dream of becoming a teacher. 我渴望成为一名教师。
2）dream 作名词，意为“梦，愿望，心愿”等。
It's my dream to win a Nobel Prize. 我的理想是获得诺贝尔奖。
Your dream has come true. 你的愿望变成了现实。
23 true adj.真的；符合事实的
拓展：truth n.事实 truly adv.真实地 come true实现；成为现实
二、重要知识点讲解
1 How do you get to school？你怎么去上学？
1）句子的结构是“How + do/does+主语+谓语+其他”。当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词用does，其余人称用do。
How do you go home every day 你每天怎么回家？
How does your father get to work 你爸爸怎么去上班？
2）特殊疑问词how 有“如何，怎样，多么”等意，用于询问动作执行的方式、手段、程度。
--- How does your father go to work 你父亲怎样去上班？--- On foot. 步行。
---How do you like China 你觉得中国怎么样？--- Very much. 非常喜欢。
3）get to 到达
辨析：get to/ arrive in/arrive at/ reach
①reach后不用加介词如 I reach school.
②get要加介词，但接副词时不用如the
③arrive in/at也直接加地方，但in是大地方at是小地方
2 take the train乘火车
1）用“take + a/the + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。
take a train乘火车 take a bus乘公共汽车 take a ship乘船 take a plane乘飞机
注意：“骑自行车”要翻译为“ride a bike”
交通方式的表达：
①by +交通工具 （放句末） by bus/train/subway 乘坐汽车/火车/地铁
②take +a/the + 交通工具（放句中） take the bus/train/subway 乘坐汽车/火车/地铁
③ride+ 冠词/物主代词+ 交通工具 rike the bike/hore 骑自行车/马
④drive +冠词/物主代词+ 交通工具 drive his car 开他的车
⑤on/in+形容词性物主代词/the+交通工具 in my father car坐我爸爸的车
注意： walk = go on foot I walk to school. = I go to school on foot.
2）take 除了表示“乘坐；搭乘”，还可以表示
①“拿走；带走”
Take the new books to school. 把这些新书带到学校去。
②“买下”
I’ll take the long blue shirt. 我要买这件蓝色长衬衫。
③“花费”
It takes me a long time to take the bus to work.坐公交车去上班花了很长一段时间。
3 How far is it from your home to school 从你家到学校多远？
how far 用来询问距离，意为“多远”；how long用于询问时间的长短或者物体的长度，意为“多长/久”。其答语分为两种情况：
①用长度单位表示---How far is it from your home to the bus stop --- It’s five kilometers.
②用时间表示 --- How far is the park from the shop --- It’s ten minutes’ walk.
小结：
how提问交通方式； how old提问年龄，多大；
how often提问频率“多久一次”； how soon提问时间“多久，多快”；
how fast提问速度“多快”； how many提问数量“多少”+可数名词复数
how much提问数量“多少”+不可数名词，提问价格“多少钱”
how long提问时间长短“多长时间” how far提问距离“多远”，答语可用长度单位/时间表达
4 I’m not sure.我不太确定。
1）这句话的意思是“我不是很肯定。/ 我不是很有把握。”；是一个表达对自己所判断的事物没有确
切把握时的一个固定套语，它的疑问形式和肯定形式也常用于口语中。
---Are you sure 你确信吗？---Yes, I’m sure. 是的，我确信。
2）其中的形容词sure意为“肯定的，确定的”， 可以构成词组make sure, 意为“把事情弄清楚，确信，务使”等；可以直接在句子中作谓语。
Make sure everybody understand you. 要确信每一个人都明白你的意思。
5 Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.玛丽想知道他认为这段旅程怎么样。
1）本句是一个含有what引导的宾语从句的主从复合句，主句主语时Mary，谓语是wants to know.宾语从句应用陈述句语序，其中疑问词仍在句首，位置不变；从句时态和主句的时态保持一致。
I don’t know where Tom is 我不知道汤姆在哪里？
2）think of意为“认为，想起”，其后接名词、代词或者动名词，常用句式what do you think of..... “你认为......怎么样”=how do you like 用来询问对方观点。
What do you think of the book =How do you like the book 你认为这本书怎么样？
6 For many students,it is easy to get to school.对许多学生来讲，到学校很容易。
1）for做介词，意为“对......而言”。
The box is too heavy for that little boy.这个箱子对那个小男孩而言太重了。
2）many做形容词，意为“许多”，后接可数名词复数。
I have many friends.我有许多朋友。
3）it is +adj.(for sb)+to do sth.句型意思“（对某人来说）做某事是.....的”，其中it是形式主语，没有实际意义。动词不定式（短语）是真正的主语。在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，常把动词不定式短语放在后面，用it做形式主语。
It is easy for me to ride a bike.对我来说骑自行车很容易。
注意：It’s +形容词+of sb.+to do sth.中的形容词是表示人的特点、性格或特征的。
It’s nice of you to help me. 你帮我真好。
7 from home to school 从家到学校
1）from...to...意为“从…到…”，连接两个相同的成分，
from Hangzhou to Shanghai从杭州到上海，
2）from 9：00 to 11：00 从九点到十一点，
from Jim to Mary 从吉姆到玛丽。
8 There is a very big river between their school and the village.在他们的学校和村庄之间有一条很大的河。
1）there be结构常用来表示“某地有某物或某个时间有某事发生”，其谓语动词的单复数与较近的主语保持一致。
There is an apple and two pears.有一个苹果和两个梨。
There are two pears and an apple.有两个梨和一个苹果。
2）between....and...做介词，意为“介于...之间”，常与and连用，构成词组between...and....“在...和...之间”
Tom sits between you and me.汤姆坐在你和我之间。
9 one 11-year-old boy,Liangliang,crosses the river every school day.亮亮，一个11岁的男孩，每个上学日都要越过河流。
11-year-old, 是一个复合形容词。复合形容词的构成方法有很多，“基数词+名词（不用复数），中间用连字符隔开，就构成复合形容词的一种，表示时间、度量等。可以在句子中充当定语修饰名词。
a 10- year-old boy一个10岁的男孩儿 a two-day conference为期两天的会议
a 3-hour journey一次3小时的旅程 a three-mile walk一段三英里的步行
a two-hour exam一次两小时的考试
10 I love to play with my classmates.我喜欢和同班同学一起玩。
1）love后面可以跟名词、代词、动词ing形式、动词不定式做宾语。
I love my family.我爱我家。
I love to read this book this week.我喜欢读这本书。
2）play with意为“与.....一起玩”
Don’t play with fire.不要玩火。
11 Can their dream come true 他们的梦想能实现吗？
come true意为“实现”，是不及物动词短语，因此不能说come true the dream。
I think my dream can come true.我想我的梦想一定能实现。
12 They have to cross a very big river between their school and the village.他们不得不越过一条在他们的学校和村庄之间的大河。
have to情态动词，意为“必须，不得不”，表示客观上需要做某事，后接动词原形。
13 In North America, not all student take the bus to school.
not all…这个结构所表达的意思通常是“部分否定”，意为“并不是所有的…都…”。当not用于代词all,
many, much, every, both前时，均属于部分否定。
Not all that glitters is gold. 发光的并不都是金子。
14 感谢用语?
Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks.
回答感谢用语的句子:That’s OK /all right. 不用谢。You are welcome 不客气。
It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。Don’t mention it。别在意。
It was nothing at all.那没什么
15 辨析：take/spend/pay/cost 花费
1）spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：
①spend time ／money on sth. 在…上花费时间（金钱）。
I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
②spend time／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
2）cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：
①sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱, 某物花了（某人）多少钱。
A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
②(doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
3）take的主语通常的形式主语it，后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：
①It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
②doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
3）pay的主语是人，基本用法是
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买…
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
②pay for sth. 付……的钱。
I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
Don't worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。
④pay sb. 付钱给某人。
They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。
⑤pay money back 还钱。
May I borrow 12 yuan from you I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。
16 辨析： other/others/the others/the other/another
1）other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。
Do you have any other question(s) 你还有其他问题吗？
Ask some other people. 问问别人吧！ Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。
2）the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。
On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。
Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。
He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。
3）others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。
Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。
Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others. 没有别的了。
4）the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是the other的复数形式。
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。
the others=.the other+可数名词复数
5）another=an other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。
I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人
17 a number of /the number of
1）a number of 是指“大量的”,后面的动词是复数形式
A number of our classmates love English.
2）the number of 是指“......的数量”，后面的动词是单数形式
The number of our classmates is 45.
三、单元语法
How引导的特殊疑问句
1）用来对做某事的方式进行提问。
---How do you get to school？你怎样去学校？---On foot.走路去。
2）how far意为“多远”，用来询问距离或路程的远近。常用句型有：“How far is it from A to B？”＝“How far is B from A？”，意为“从A到B有多远？”，其回答为：
①It's...meters/kilometers/miles (away).
②It's about＋数词＋minutes' walk/ride.
③It's about＋数词＋minutes on foot/by bus.
3）how long意为“多久”，用来对时间长短进行提问，通常指某个动作所持续时间的长短。
---How long does it take you to finish your homework every day 你每天需要多久完成家庭作业？
---About two hours.大约两个小时。
how long还可对物品的长度进行提问，意为“多长”。
---How long is the ruler 这把尺子多长？---It's about 20 centimeters.大约20厘米。
4）how soon意为“多久”，主要对一段时间进行提问，用于将来时中。
---How soon will you come back 你多久会回来？---In two weeks.两个星期后。
5）how often意为“多久一次”，表频率。
---How often do you go there 你多久去那儿一次？---Twice a week.一星期两次。
交通方式的提问及回答
---How do you get to school 你怎样去学校 ---I take the subway to the school.我坐地铁上学。
1）“take/ride+限定词+表示交通工具的名词”在句中作谓语。
You can take a train to their hometown.你可以坐火车去他们的家乡。
She rides her new bike to school every day.她每天骑着她的新自行车去上学。
2）ride one’s bike to相当于go to... by bike 骑车去…
She rides her bike to school every day.=She goes to school by bike every day. 她每天骑自行车上学。
3）“by+表示交通工具的单数名词”在句中作方式状语,名词前不需加任何限定词。
The little boy goes to school by boat every day.这个小男孩每天乘船去上学。
同步练习
一、单项选择(每小题1分，共15分)
1．（2022春·七年级单元测试）Mary wants to be a violinist someday. She tries her best to realize her ________.
A．thought B．wish C．dream D．score
【答案】C
【详解】句意：玛丽希望有一天能成为小提琴手。她尽她最大的努力去实现她的梦想。
考查名词辨析。thought想法；wish愿望；dream梦想；score分数。根据“Mary wants to be a violinist someday.”可知此处表示努力实现成为小提琴手的梦想。故选C。
2．（2022·江苏淮安·中考真题）— ________ do you visit your grandparents, Simon
— Twice a month.
A．How often B．How soon C．How long D．How much
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——西蒙，你多久去看一次你的祖父母？——一个月两次。
考查特殊疑问句。How often多长时间一次；How soon还要多久；How long多长；How much多少。根据“Twice a month”可知，对频率副词提问，how often符合句意，故选A。
3．（2023春·上海·七年级期末）Flowers bow and sway ______ the grass when the wind blows.
A．in B．at C．among D．between
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当风吹过时，花儿在草丛中摇曳。
考查介词辨析。in在……里，强调某范围或空间内的一点；at在；among在……当中，表示在许多大小相似的人或事物之间，有明显的之“间”概念，三者或三者以上当中；between在两者之间。根据“Flowers bow and sway ... the grass”可判断花应是在草丛中，表示在许多大小相似的事物当中。故选C。
4．（2022春·江苏南京·七年级期中）There are ________ patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong now, and about ________ people died.
A．thousands of; 80 hundred B．thousands of; 80 hundreds
C．thousand of; 80 hundred of D．thousand of; 80 hundreds of
【答案】A
【详解】句意：现在香港有数千名新冠肺炎患者，大约有8000人死亡。
考查数词。根据“patients”并结合选项可知，第一空为“数千的，成千上万的”，此时要用thousand的复数形式thousands，且后面必须要加of，即thousands of，排除选项C和D。根据“people died”并结合选项可知，第二空要表达具体的数量，此时数词hundred后面不能加s，也不能加of，故应用80 hundred。故选A。
5．（2022·四川·中考真题）—________ is it from your home to school, Peter
—Only ten minutes’ walk.
A．How long B．How often C．How far D．How soon
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——Peter，从你家到学校有多远？——只要走十分钟。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多久；How often多久一次；How far多远；How soon多久以后。根据答语“Only ten minutes’ walk”可知，对距离进行提问，用how far引导特殊疑问句，故选C。
6．（2022秋·七年级单元测试）—What does the boy look like
—He is ________ his father. He also ________ eating mangoes.
A．likes; like B．like; like C．likes; likes D．like; likes
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——那个男孩长什么样？——他像他父亲。他也喜欢吃芒果。
考查like的用法。根据“He is...his father.”可知，第一空like表示“像”，是介词，后面不能加s，排除A、C两项；第二空在句中作谓语动词，表示“喜欢”，主语是“He”，动词用第三人称单数形式。故选D。
7．（2022春·广州·七年级期中）It’s helpful ________ the virus (病毒) ________ washing your hands more often.
A．to fight with; with B．fighting for; in
C．fighting for; on D．to fight against; by
【答案】D
【详解】句意：勤洗手有助于对抗病毒。
考查动词短语、非谓语动词及介词辨析。fight with与……并肩战斗；fight for为……而战；fight against与……作斗争；with和；in在……里面；on关于；by通过，凭借。根据“the virus”可知是与病毒作斗争，用fight against，此处用动词不定式作句子真正的主语；再由“washing your hands more often”可知是抗击病毒的方式，用by。故选D。
8．（2023春·七年级单元测试）I can make the model boat move _______ pouring water into it.
A．of B．by C．under D．on
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我可以把水倒进去，使模型船移动。
考查介词辨析。of……的；by通过；under在……下面；on在……上面。根据“make the model boat move...pouring water into it.”可知通过倒水使模型船移动，by符合语境，故选B。
9．（2022·吉林长春·三模）—________ is it from your school to your home
—It’s about 15 minutes’ walk. That’s good exercise for me.
A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——从你的学校到你的家有多远？——步行约15分钟。这对我来说是很好的锻炼。
考查特殊疑问词。How often多久一次；How long多久，多长；How far多远；How soon多久之后。根据“It’s about 15 minutes’ walk.”可知，此处询问的是学校到家的距离，应该用how far。故选C。
10．（2023春·上海·七年级期末）This old photo makes my grandfather _______ his hard life in the past.
A．think of B．thinks of C．think over D．thinks over
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这张旧照片使我的爷爷想起过去的艰难生活。
考查动词短语辨析和make的用法。think of想起；think over仔细考虑。根据“This old photo makes my grandfather”和“his hard life”可知应是使想起艰难的生活，而make“使”，使役动词，其宾语后续省略to的动词不定式，故选A。
11．（2022秋·上海·七年级期末）Susan is on holiday in Beijing. She is going to come back ________ the end of December.
A．by B．on C．at D．in
【答案】C
【详解】句意：苏珊在北京度假。她将于12月底回来。
考查介词辨析。by到……时为止；on后加具体的某一天；at后加具体时刻；in后加某年某月某季节。句中的时间状语是“在12月底”，此时是固定短语at the end of“在……结束时”，符合语境。故选C。
12．（2021秋·广州·七年级期中）He goes to school on foot ________.
A．everyday B．daytime C．day by day D．every day
【答案】D
【详解】句意：他每天步行上学。
考查词义辨析。everyday每天的，形容词；daytime白天，名词；day by day一天天地，副词短语；every day每天，副词短语。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，用副词或副词短语，排除A和B；表示“每天”上学的方式，用every day。故选D。
13．（2022春·八年级单元测试）It ________ her ten minutes to go to school by bike.
A．take B．takes C．spends D．needs
【答案】B
【详解】句意：她骑自行车上学要花十分钟。
考查动词辨析。take花费，动词原形；takes花费，第三人称单数形式；spends花费，主语通常为人；needs需要。根据题干，结合句意，可知本句考查固定句型：It takes/took sb some time to do sth，意为“做某事花费某人多少时间”，故选B。
14．（2023春·八年级单元测试）I’ve never seen so ________ snow before. Let’s make a snowman, shall we
A．little B．many C．much D．few
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我以前没有看到如此多的雪。我们来堆个雪人吧，好吗？
考查形容词辨析。little很少的，修饰不可数名词；many很多的，修饰可数名词复数；much很多，修饰不可数名词；few很少的，修饰可数名词复数。根据“Let’s make a snowman, shall we ”可知，能堆雪人所以有很多雪，且snow是不可数名词，因此用much修饰。故选C。
15．（2022春·八年级单元测试）—Don’t play near the classroom, please.
—________.
A．Yes, I do B．Sorry, I won’t C．No, I don’t D．Not at all
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——请不要在教室附近玩耍。 ——对不起，我不会了。
考查情景交际。Yes, I do是的，我愿意；Sorry, I won’t对不起，我不会了；No, I don’t不，我没有；Not at all一点也不。根据“Don’t play near the classroom, please.”可知，此处应表示不会在教室附近玩耍了。故选B。
二、完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)（2022·四川乐山·中考真题）
阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When I was a kid, I often rode my mountain bike everywhere. It was one of my favourite 16 to get exercise. But as I grew up, I stopped riding my bike. After I entered (入学) a university in Australia, I didn’t even have a bike any more. It can be very 17 to ride a bike in cities in Australia. There are not many bike paths (路径), and cars sometimes hit the people on the bike and 18 kill them. Now that I’m living in Beijing, I’m having fun on the 19 again. I ride my bike to the gym, to the supermarket or to the park.
It can be scary (吓人的) with lots of cars, motorbikes and people 20 I always look out for traffic 21 I am turning or crossing the road. I never ride too fast. Riding bikes 22 me feel comfortable and it is a fun way to know much about the city!
I start to use Share-bike (共享单车), too. 23 weekends, my friend and I sometimes ride Share-bikes to the Olympic Park. Apps like Share-bike make it easy and cheap for 24 to ride.
If we all try to ride bikes often and drive 25 there will be less pollution (污染) . So what are you waiting for Get on a bike and ride with me!
16．A．traffic B．ideas C．ways D．advice
17．A．dangerous B．successful C．useful D．exciting
18．A．either B．till C．however D．even
19．A．bus B．bike C．car D．plane
20．A．except B．around C．behind D．in front of
21．A．because B．when C．but D．so
22．A．makes B．agrees C．happens D．catches
23．A．From B．With C．Under D．On
24．A．everything B．anything C．everyone D．nobody
25．A．farther B．better C．less D．more
【答案】
16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．B 21．B 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．C
【导语】
本文主要讲述了作者骑自行车的经历以及骑自行车的好处，呼吁人们保护环境。
【详解】
16．句意：这是我最喜欢的锻炼方式之一。
traffic交通；ideas主意；ways方式；advice建议。根据“I often rode my mountain bike everywhere.”以及“to get exercise”可知，骑车是作者最喜欢的锻炼的方式，故选C。
17．句意：在澳大利亚的城市里骑自行车可能非常危险。
dangerous危险的；successful成功的；useful有用的；exciting令人激动的。根据“here are not many bike paths (路径), and cars sometimes hit the people on the bike and...kill (杀死) them.”可知，骑车是很危险的，故选A。
18．句意：有时汽车会撞到自行车上的人，甚至会把他们撞死。
either或者；till直到；however然而；even甚至。根据“cars sometimes hit the people on the bike and...kill (杀死) them”可知，此处表示汽车甚至会撞死人，故选D。
19．句意：现在我住在北京，我又开始享受骑自行车的乐趣了。
bus公共汽车；bike自行车；car小汽车；plane飞机。根据“I often rode my mountain bike everywhere. It was one of my favourite...to get exercise.”以及“again”可知，作者现在在北京又开始骑自行车了，故选B。
20．句意：周围有很多汽车、摩托车和人，这会很可怕。
except除了；around周围；behind在…后面；in front of在…前面。根据“It can be scary (吓人的) with lots of cars, motorbikes and people”可知，此处指的是人们周围有很多车，选B。
21．句意：当我转弯或过马路时，我总是注意交通。
because因为；when当……时；but但是；so因此。根据“I always look out for traffic...I am turning or crossing the road”可知，此处表示“在……的时候”，应用when引导时间状语从句，故选B。
22．句意：骑自行车让我感到舒适。
makes使得；agrees同意；happens发生；catches抓住。根据“Riding bikes...me feel comfortable”可知，骑自行车使得作者很舒服，此处是make sb do sth的结构，故选A。
23．句意：周末，我和朋友有时会骑共享单车去奥林匹克公园。
From从……；With和……一起；Under在……下面；On在……上；根据“weekends”可知，此处是固定短语on weekends“在周末”，故选D。
24．句意：像共享单车这样的应用程序让每个人都可以轻松、廉价地骑行。
everything一切；anything任何事情；everyone每个人；nobody没有人。根据“Apps like Share-bike make it easy and cheap for...to ride.”可知，每个人都可以轻松、廉价地骑共享单车，故选C。
25．句意：如果我们都试着经常骑自行车，少开车，污染就会减少。
farther更远；better更好；less更少；more更多。根据“If we all try to ride bikes often and drive...there will be less pollution”可知，开车少了，对环境的污染也会减少，故选C。
三、阅读单选(每小题2分，共40分)
A（2022秋·广州·七年级期中）
People usually go out in different ways. Let’s see how some people go to work or school.
Anna I am a student. My home is about five kilometers from school. I must cross（横渡）a river to get to school. There is no bridge over the river so I have to take a boat to school. And it usually takes me about twenty minutes to get to school. I think it’s very fun.
Paul I work at a radio station. Every morning I usually get up at 9:00 a.m. and then run for half an hour. After that, I always take a shower. After lunch, I must go to work. It usually takes me about twenty-five minutes to get to my workplace by car. I’m never late for work.
Mary I work in a restaurant. I get up early in the morning. I always go to work by bus. The bus ride usually takes about thirty-five minutes. Sometimes there is a traffic jam（交通堵塞）and I am late for work.
26．How does Anna go to school
A．On foot. B．By car. C．By bus. D．By boat.
27．When does Paul probably（可能）go to work
A．At 6:00 a.m. B．At 9:00 a.m. C．At 1:00 p.m. D．At 8:00 p.m.
28．What does Mary probably do
A．A teacher. B．A student. C．A doctor. D．A cook.
29．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Anna likes her way of going to school. B．Paul often takes a shower for half an hour.
C．Paul always goes to work on time. D．It usually takes Mary about 35 minutes to go to work by bus.
30．Why does the writer write the article
A．To tell us about different kinds of jobs. B．To tell us about some ways of going out.
C．To tell us about some people’s daily life. D．To tell us about some people’s family.
【答案】
26．D 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．B
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三个人的上班或上学的方式。
【详解】
26．细节理解题。根据“There is no bridge over the river so I have to take a boat to school”可知，安娜乘船上学，故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据“After lunch, I must go to work”可知，保罗午饭后上班，结合选项，可能下午1点的时候上班，故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据“I work in a restaurant”可知，玛丽在餐馆工作，结合选项，玛丽可能是一名厨师，故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据“Every morning I usually get up at 9:00 a.m. and then run for half an hour. After that, I always take a shower”可知，保罗每天早上9点起床，然后跑步半小时。之后洗个澡。因此B选项“保罗经常淋浴半小时”是错误的，故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据“People usually go out in different ways. Let’s see how some people go to work or school”可知，作者主要告诉了我们一些人们外出的不同方式，故选B。
B（2021·广东江门·二模）
Carmaker Will Make Electric Vehicles Only by 2030
The Swedish carmaker announced this week that it will only make electric cars by 2030.
The second large car company says it will stop making traditional internal combustion (燃烧) engines. In January, American carmaker General Motors said it would only make battery-powered cars by 2035. Henrik Green, the chief of the car technology officer, said that “there is no long-term (长期的) future” for cars with traditional engines. If you want to buy one of these cars in about nine years, you will have to make your order online. You will still be able to look at cars at a car store, however, the present car stores, which are known as dealerships (供应商), will remain in place so customers can look at cars and have them repaired.
In making the announcement, they said it also plans to show a new electric car. The automobile company said it hopes that within four years, half of its sales around the world will come from electric cars. The other half will come from cars known as hybrids (混合物). Hybrid cars use a combination of batteries and traditional engines to move the car. Green said the move to electric cars will help them “meet the expectations of our customers and be part of the solution when it comes to fighting climate change”.
As technology improves and governments try to reduce pollution, more carmakers are increasing production of electric cars.
31．What did the carmaker said this week
A．It had made some electric cars. B．It will make traditional cars by 2030.
C．It won’t make electric cars. D．It won’t make traditional cars.
32．If you want to buy one of the electric cars in about nine years, you will ________.
A．have to make your order at store. B．be able to look at cars online.
C．have your car repaired at a car store. D．be able sell your car online.
33．Henrik Green implied (暗示) that ________.
A．they will stop producing traditional cars B．traditional cars have a bright future
C．they will produce traditional cars in the short-term D．they have no plan for producing cars
34．The underlined word “batteries” in the passage means ________ in Chinese.
A．汽油 B．电池 C．混合 D．太阳能
35．The purpose of writing the passage may be to ________.
A．encourage people to produce electric cars
B．encourage people to use electric cars
C．encourage carmakers to stop producing traditional cars
D．encourage carmakers to produce new cars with less pollution
【答案】
31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．D
【导语】
文章介绍了随着技术的进步和环保的考虑，越来越多的汽车制造商，如沃尔沃等，正在增加电动汽车的生产，未来电动汽车将占主要地位。
【详解】
31．细节理解题。根据“The Swedish carmaker announced this week that it will only make electric cars by 2030.”可知汽车制造商这周说将只生产电动汽车而不生产传统汽车。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“If you want to buy one of these cars in about nine years, you will have to make your order online. You will still be able to look at cars at a car store, however, the present car stores, which are known as dealerships, will remain in place so customers can look at cars and have them repaired.”可知如果想在九年后买电动汽车，可以在汽车店修车。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据“Henrik Green, the chief of the car technology officer, said that ‘there is no long-term future” for cars with traditional engines.”可知Henrick Green讲到用传统引擎的汽车将没有长远未来，由此推出他在暗示他们将停止生产传统汽车。故选A。
34．词义猜测题。根据“Green said the move to electric cars will help them ...”可知此处指电动汽车和传统汽车的混合，batteries应是“电池”的意思。故选B。
35．推理判断题。文章介绍了随着技术的进步和环保的考虑，越来越多的汽车制造商，如沃尔沃等，正在增加电动汽车的生产，未来电动汽车将占主要地位。由此推出写这篇文章是为了鼓励汽车制造商生产污染更少的新车。故选D。
C（2022秋·河南郑州·七年级期中）
Many people (人们) like to travel (旅行) by plane, but I don’t like it because an airport (飞机场) is usually far from the city. You have to get there early and wait for (等待) hours for the plane to take off (起飞) and it is often late. You can’t open the windows. You can’t choose (选择) the food. Planes are fast, but they still take hours to go out of the airport and into the city.
I like traveling by train. I think trains are safe. Railway stations are usually in cities. When you are late (晚的) for a train, you can catch another one. You can walk around in the train and open the windows. You can see many interesting things on your way. I know it takes a little more time.
I also like cars. You can start your journey (旅行) when you want to, and you don’t need to get to a railway station or a bus stop. Also you can carry many things with you in a car. But sometimes there are too many cars on the road.
36．Why do many people like to travel by plane
A．Because it’s fast. B．Because it’s safe.
C．Because it’s cheap. D．Because you can walk around in the plane.
37．Which is NOT the good thing about the train
A．It is safe. B．It takes a little more time.
C．You can open the windows. D．You can walk around in the train.
38．If you want to take a lot of things with you, what do you take to go out
A．A bus B．A car. C．A train. D．A bike.
39．What is the bad thing about the car
A．You needn’t go to a station. B．You can start your journey when you want to.
C．There are too many cars on the road. D．You needn’t go to a bus stop.
40．What does the writer think of the plane, train and car
A．He thinks it takes a lot of time to go to and get out of the airport.
B．He likes to take a train because it takes a little more time.
C．He likes to take a car because he has a car.
D．He likes to take a plane because it’s fast.
【答案】
36．A 37．B 38．B 39．C 40．A
【导语】
本文讲述了虽然很多人喜欢乘飞机旅行，但作者比较喜欢乘火车和汽车旅游，并介绍了其中的原因。
【详解】
36．细节理解题。根据“Many people (人们) like to travel (旅行) by plane...Planes are fast,”可知，许多人喜欢坐飞机是因为它快，故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据“You can see many interesting things on your way. I know it takes a little more time.”可知，坐火车要花的时间多一点，故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“Also you can carry many things with you in a car.”可知，如果你想带很多东西，你应该开车出去，故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据“But sometimes there are too many cars on the road.”可知，可知开汽车的不好处是有时候路上车太多，故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据“Planes are fast, but they still take hours to go out of the airport and into the city.”可知作者认为去机场和从机场出来要花很多时间。故选A。
D（2022·西藏·中考真题）
The Fuxing train has started running in southwest China’s Tibet along the Lhasa—Nyingchi Railway(拉萨—林芝铁路).
The 435-kilometer railway links Lhasa and Nyingchi. It is China’s first electrified(电气化的) railroad on the “Roof of the World”. It shortens the journey between Lhasa and Nyingchi from over five hours to about 3.5 hours.
The new railway covers an area of 226,000 square kilometers. It goes through 47 tunnels (隧道) and crosses 121 bridges. The train has a top speed of 160 kilometers per hour. It is the fastest train on the high land, but it’s a bit slower than some other Fuxing trains in our country because of the special environment. The railway not only makes local people’s life easier, but also brings more tourists to the area.
“The railway trip is so relaxing and fast. The new train has brought our family members closer than ever before,” said a teacher who lives in Nyingchi. She used to drive more than five hours from Nyingchi to Lhasa to visit her parents during the summer vacation.
Besides carrying passengers, the railway also provides good chances for farmers to sell local products to more places. It’s sure to put new energy into Tibet’s economic(经济的) development.
41．How many hours does the journey take between Lhasa and Nyingchi by Fuxing train
A．About 5 hours. B．About 4 hours. C．About 3.5 hours. D．About 1.5 hours.
42．What’s the top speed of Fuxing train from Lhasa to Nyingchi
A．160 kilometers per hour. B．121 kilometers per hour.
C．47 kilometers per hour. D．160 meters per hour.
43．What does the underlined word “shortens” mean in Chinese
A．克扣 B．下降 C．缩短 D．缺少
44．What’s special about the Lhasa—Nyingchi Railway
A．It covers a large area.
B．It can carry passengers.
C．The train goes through lots of tunnels and bridges.
D．It’s China’s first electrified railway on the “Roof of the World”.
45．What can we learn from the passage
A．The railway trip is not relaxing or fast.
B．The railway does not bring more tourists to the area.
C．The train goes through 121 tunnels and 47 bridges.
D．It’s a bit slower than some other Fuxing trains in our country.
【答案】
41．C 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍拉萨—林芝铁路的相关信息。
【详解】
41．细节理解题。根据“It shortens the journey between Lhasa and Nyingchi from over five hours to about 3.5 hours.”可知，它将拉萨和林芝之间的路程从5个多小时缩短到约3.5小时。所以是3.5小时，故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据“The train has a top speed of 160 kilometers per hour.”可知，这列火车的最高时速为160公里。故选A。
43．词句猜测题。分析“It shortens the journey between Lhasa and Nyingchi from over five hours to about 3.5 hours.”可知，它将拉萨和林芝之间的路程从5个多小时缩短到约3.5小时。所以shortens的意思是“缩短”，故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据“It is China’s first electrified(电气化的) railroad on the ‘Roof of the World’.”可知，它是中国第一条在“世界屋脊”上的电气化铁路。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据“It is the fastest train on the high land, but it’s a bit slower than some other Fuxing trains in our country because of the special environment.”可知，它是高原上最快的火车，但由于特殊的环境，它比我们国家的一些其他复兴列车要慢一些。故选D。
四、多任务混合阅读(每小题2分，共10分)（2022·七年级单元测试）
I am Helen. I am a student in No.1 Middle School now. There are forty-five students in my class. All of the students like to travel. Eight students like to travel by plane, because they think it is fast. It only takes about two hours to travel by plane from Beijing to Shanghai. But some students think taking a plane is too expensive. Twenty-two students usually travel by train. The trains are not very fast, but they are cheaper (更便宜的). And they can see interesting things through the windows. Fifteen students love to travel by car. Their parents drive them to some beautiful places. They can have a good time with their family. Do you know how I like to travel I’m one of the twenty-two students.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
46．How long does it take to travel from Beijing to Shanghai by plane
____________________________________________________________
47．What does the underlined word “expensive” mean in Chinese
____________________________________________________________
48．How many students like to travel by train
____________________________________________________________
49．What do the students think of the trains
____________________________________________________________
50．How does Helen like to travel
____________________________________________________________
【答案】
46．About two hours. 47．昂贵的 48．22/Twenty-two.
49．They think they are not very fast but cheaper. 50．By train.
【导语】
本文主要介绍了同学们对不同的旅行方式所持有的不同意见。
【详解】
46．根据文章中的“It only takes about two hours to travel by plane from Beijing to Shanghai”可知，坐飞机从北京到上海只需要花费大约两个小时，故填About two hours。
47．根据文章中的“It only takes about two hours to travel by plane from Beijing to Shanghai. But some students think taking a plane is too expensive”可知，坐飞机速度很快，但是一些学生认为坐飞机的花费太贵，推知“expensive”是“昂贵的”的意思，故填：昂贵的。
48．根据文章中的“Twenty-two students usually travel by train”可知，二十二个学生喜欢乘飞机旅行，故填22./Twenty-two.
49．根据文章中的“The trains are not very fast, but they are cheaper”可知，火车不快但是比较便宜，故填They think they are not very fast but cheaper.
50．根据“Twenty-two students usually travel by train”和“Do you know how I like to travel I’m one of the twenty-two students”可知，Helen喜欢乘火车旅行，故填By train.