（2019外研版）选修三unit 2 A life's work 讲义（精讲）
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Unit 2 A life’s work
表语从句
表语从句是指一个句子作为表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。含有表语从句的复合句的一般结构为‘主语+系动词+表语从句’，表语从句用陈述语序。可接表语从句的系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear 等。
表语从句的连接词
类别 连接词 例句
从属连词 that不作句子成分,也没有意义，通常不可省略 My suggestion is that you should have patience. 我的建议是你应该有耐心。
从属连词 whether不作句子成分,但有“是否”的意义，一般不用if 代替 The question is whether we can cut down the costs of the product. 问题是我们能否降低这款产品的成本。
连接代词 who,whom, whose .what.which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 The problem is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务。This is just what we are always looking forward to. 这正是我们一直盼望着的。
连接副词 主要有 when,where,why, how。它们在从句中分别作时间,地点、原因、方式状语. That is where he was born and brought up. 那就是他出生和被养大的地方。 Their difficulty is how they can clear their debts. 他们的困难是怎样才能还清债务。
其他连接词 because,as if / though 等 He has to watch his weight. That is because he has heart disease. 他得注意自己的体重,那是因为他有心脏病。
(2)表语从句中需要注意的问题
①as if/though 引导的表语从句的语气
as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,appear sound,feel 等后。
若表述真实的情况，就用陈述语气;若表述与客观事实相反的假设.则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he benefits a lot from the project.
看起来他好像从这个项目中获益不少。(陈述语气)
It looks as if/though he were drunk.
他看上去好像喝醉了。(虚拟语气)
② 表语从句的特殊句式
The reason why... is that... ……的原因是……(why导定语从句,修饰the reason，that引导表语从句)
This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句,从句表原因)
This/That/It is why..这/那就是……的原因。(why引导表语从句,从句表结果)
The reason why he didn't come is that he had not received the invitation.
他没来的原因是他没有收到请柬。
The woman was weeping bitterly. That's because her son was drowned in a river.
那个女人痛哭流涕，那是因为她的儿子在河中溺亡了。(先果后因)
The woman's son was drowned in a river. That's why she was weeping bitterly.
那个女人的儿子在河中溺亡了，那就是她痛哭流涕的原因。(先因后果)
③表语从句中的虚拟语气
主语是表示“建议命令、求”的名词,如suggestion. advice, proposal,order, command, request. requirement, demand等，此时表语从句应使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。
His order was that all boys gather quickly around the car.
他的命令是所有男孩子要迅速在汽车周围集合。
④引导表语从句的that通常不省略,但在口语或非正式语体中有时也可省略.
The trouble is (that)he is ill麻烦的是，他生病了.
I am surprised to see that the novelist is no longer_________she used to be.
_________I was worrying about was_________I had hurt her roommate’s feelings.
The question remains__________the savings can help us out of the trouble.
It appears________he has a reputation for being bookish.
I think the reason why he felt bothered is________you were talking too much.
The only time I can think self-critically is__________I’m alone.
I enjoy staying with Maria.This is________she is uncomplicated.
There is such a frightful storm.It looks as if the world_______coming to an end.
Water holds a fascination for most children.That is ______they are fond of playing with water.
Our suggestion is_________we should plan the event intently.
语法填空
In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.1__________we always assume is 2_______villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable. But the fact is 3__________people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travelers. 4_______seems as if visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable----5.________my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.
We spent several days in a small town and we tramped through a dense wood for over two hours 6._________we arrived at a deep stream.7______we could see was 8_______the path continued on the other side. But what we didn't know was 9_______we could get across the stream. Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side.10.__________we tried to persuade him to take us, he was still reluctant to do so.
难点1
状语从句的省略
教材例句：
Use predicative clauses where appropriate.
在适当的地方使用表语从句。
where appropriate 可转化为:where it is appropriate
此结构属于状语从句的省略现象，其前提条件是:
在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中。
(2)状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是it;
(3)从句中含有 be 动词。
约定俗成的省略形式:
If so 如果这样的话
if not不然
if any 如果有的话
If ever 如果曾经有的话
if/when necessary如果有必要的话/在必要的时候
if/when possible如果可能的话/在可能的时候
if/where appropriate如果合适的话/在合适的情况下
You can adjust the width and height where appropriate.
你可以在适当地方调整一下宽度和高度。
②Preparing others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor.
在展示你的幽默感时,为他人准备一段有趣的对话和自己讲个笑话一样好。
③ If_____________(accept)for the job,you'll be in- formed soon.
如果你被录用做这份工作,你会很快收到通知。
④ When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with sweet potatoes, corn and greens.
烧热时，他把它们放在一个空油桶里，加上一些红薯、玉米和青菜。
⑤ She seldom,________ever, goes to the theatre.她
难得上剧院看场戏--即便不能说从来不去。
难点2：
全部倒装（表语提前，用于强调）
教材例句：
Among these is the clock restoration master,Wang Jin.
这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
倒装语序:
表语(介宾短语)+连系动词+主语正常语序:
主语+连系动词+表语(介宾短语)本句正常语序为:
The clock restoration master, Wang Jin, is among these.
句子主语，谓语动词用单数形式
Inside the parcel was a dictionary borrowed from the library.
包裹内有一本从图书馆借来的词典。
Among the crises that face humans is the lack of natural resources.
自然资源的缺乏是人类面临的危机之一。
② Among the top 5 students who are good at English,especially spoken English,___________I graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School.毕业于新星外国语学校的我,是最擅长英语特别是英语口语的5名学生中的一位。
难点3：
动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
教材例句
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin's workshop is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks.
在王津的工作坊里,唯一能打破寂静的声音是在修理、抛光钟表时发出的报时的旋律。
to do sth.作后置定语现象:
被修饰名词之前有序数词(the first...)或形容词最高级(the most...)以及the next, the only, the very 等。
Tom is always the first student to come to the classroom.
汤姆总是第一个来到教室的学生。
Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men.
在首批移居加利福尼亚的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士。
某些名词之后常跟 to do sth.作定语:
ability, attempt, wish, way, time, ambition, effort, opportunity, decision 等。
Her wish to be part of the national team comes true.
她成为国家队一员的愿望实现了。
1 He is the only one to get a doctor's degree in his family.
他是家中唯一获得博士学位的人。
② The last one_________(arrive)will be to blame at the conference.
大会上将批评最后到达的人。
Be to blame“该受责备”，用主动形式表被动含义
③ You have the ability__________(do)a bit of further prevention by educating the patients family about the risk factors.
你有能力通过教育患者家属相关危险因素来做进一步的预防工作。
By doing 表示“通过做
④ In fact, it is many young people's ambition_______(set)up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.
事实上，创建改善社会环境的项目或企业，是许多年轻人的夙愿。
one's ambition to do sth.某人做某事的风愿
难点4：it seems unlikely that....似乎不可能。
教材例句：
...it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete.
...钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。
该句式为“It+seems/is+unlikely+that主语从句.”，相当于“It seems/is unlikely (for sb.)to do... "。
It seems unlikely that we will find anything that is valuable to us there.
=It seems unlikely for us to find anything that is valuable to us there.
我们好像不可能在那儿找到任何对我们有价值的东西。
(1)It is likely that... 很可能……
(2)It is possible/impossible that...可能/不可能……
(3 )It is probable that... 很有可能…
It is likely that they have a lot of unused toys lying around.
他们很可能随处放置许多没用过的玩具。
It is more probable that we'll suffer from back problems if we always sit before computer screens for long hours.
我们如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前面，会更有可能出现背部问题。
It seems unlikely that we will come across frightful beasts in broad daylight.
在大白天里,我们遇见可怕的野兽好像是不可能的。
______ _________ ______ _______lacking sufficient funds would eventually become pain points.
很可能缺乏足够资金最后将成为痛点。
③ It seems likely ____________this kind of fish has trouble breeding in the wild on their own.
好像这类鱼靠它们自己在野外繁殖存在困难。
have trouble(in)doing.做...有麻烦,介词 in 可以省略
④ It’s possible( that) Mira might turn up tonight.米拉今晚可能会来。
⑤ It seems probable that the situation will only get worse.
情况很可能只会变得更糟。
难点5 It is as if...好像....
教材例句
It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country.
好像他们已经与自己的技艺和这个国家的历史融为了一体。
该句式为“It+be+as if/as though 从句” as if/though 引导表语从句，常置于 look,seem,appear,sound,feel 等之后，用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
It seems as if my luggage is overweight.
看来好像我的行李超重了。(陈述语气)
It appears as if she were junior to me by several years, but actually she is 3 years older than me.
看上去她好像比我小几岁,可事实是她比我大3岁。(虚拟语气)
It is as if he benefits a lot from the project.
好像他从这个项目中获益不少。
② It seems as if the vase were made of steel.
好像这个花瓶是用钢制成的。
③ Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts,and food.It was as if I_________(be)their own family.
虽当地村民生活贫困，但他们还是将自己的子、爱心和食物提供给我，好像我是他己的家人一样.
2单元短语
back down 退让；认输
think outside the box不拘一格地思考，跳出框框思考
break new ground 开辟新的领域；有新发现
pose for 为...摆好姿势；为...摆造型
fascination with 对...的迷恋
put...into...把...投入...
approach to ...的方式;接近
day in,day out 日复一日地
bring...back to life 使...复合；使...恢复生机
pass on...to...把...传给....
the cutting edge(of sth.) （某事物发展的）尖端；最前沿
by trial and error 反复试验（以得出最佳结果）
nothing more than 只不过；无非是
as much as 差不多；和...那样多
devotion to 献身于；对...的热爱
not once 一次也不
at one’s own pace 以自己的节奏
range from...to...范围从...到....
neither...nor...既不...也不....
take up 开始从事
regardless of 不管；不顾
passion for 对...的强烈爱好
originate from 来自....
take on 承担；呈现
a wide range of 大范围的；各种不同的
rather than 而不是
allow for 考虑到；顾及
contribute to 有助于；促成；向...捐赠；
focus on 全神贯注于...；集中精力于...
back down 退让；认输
at one’s own pace 以自己的节奏
originate from 来自...;发源于...
be optimistic about 对...持有乐观态度
vary from...to...由...到...不等
in light of 根据；鉴于；考虑到
a maximum of 至多,最多
be ambitious for渴望得到
be comprised of由... 组成
apt to倾向于
be associated with与... 有关
in the spotlight在聚光灯下
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
Unit 2 A life’s work
表语从句
表语从句是指一个句子作为表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。含有表语从句的复合句的一般结构为‘主语+系动词+表语从句’，表语从句用陈述语序。可接表语从句的系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear 等。
表语从句的连接词
类别 连接词 例句
从属连词 that不作句子成分,也没有意义，通常不可省略 My suggestion is that you should have patience. 我的建议是你应该有耐心。
从属连词 whether不作句子成分,但有“是否”的意义，一般不用if 代替 The question is whether we can cut down the costs of the product. 问题是我们能否降低这款产品的成本。
连接代词 who,whom, whose .what.which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 The problem is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务。This is just what we are always looking forward to. 这正是我们一直盼望着的。
连接副词 主要有 when,where,why, how。它们在从句中分别作时间,地点、原因、方式状语. That is where he was born and brought up. 那就是他出生和被养大的地方。 Their difficulty is how they can clear their debts. 他们的困难是怎样才能还清债务。
其他连接词 because,as if / though 等 He has to watch his weight. That is because he has heart disease. 他得注意自己的体重,那是因为他有心脏病。
(2)表语从句中需要注意的问题
①as if/though 引导的表语从句的语气
as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,appear sound,feel 等后。
若表述真实的情况，就用陈述语气;若表述与客观事实相反的假设.则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he benefits a lot from the project.
看起来他好像从这个项目中获益不少。(陈述语气)
It looks as if/though he were drunk.
他看上去好像喝醉了。(虚拟语气)
② 表语从句的特殊句式
The reason why... is that... ……的原因是……(why导定语从句,修饰the reason，that引导表语从句)
This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句,从句表原因)
This/That/It is why..这/那就是……的原因。(why引导表语从句,从句表结果)
The reason why he didn't come is that he had not received the invitation.
他没来的原因是他没有收到请柬。
The woman was weeping bitterly. That's because her son was drowned in a river.
那个女人痛哭流涕，那是因为她的儿子在河中溺亡了。(先果后因)
The woman's son was drowned in a river. That's why she was weeping bitterly.
那个女人的儿子在河中溺亡了，那就是她痛哭流涕的原因。(先因后果)
③表语从句中的虚拟语气
主语是表示“建议命令、求”的名词,如suggestion. advice, proposal,order, command, request. requirement, demand等，此时表语从句应使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。
His order was that all boys gather quickly around the car.
他的命令是所有男孩子要迅速在汽车周围集合。
④引导表语从句的that通常不省略,但在口语或非正式语体中有时也可省略.
The trouble is (that)he is ill麻烦的是，他生病了.
I am surprised to see that the novelist is no longer_________she used to be.
_________I was worrying about was_________I had hurt her roommate’s feelings.
The question remains__________the savings can help us out of the trouble.
It appears________he has a reputation for being bookish.
I think the reason why he felt bothered is________you were talking too much.
The only time I can think self-critically is__________I’m alone.
I enjoy staying with Maria.This is________she is uncomplicated.
There is such a frightful storm.It looks as if the world_______coming to an end.
Water holds a fascination for most children.That is ______they are fond of playing with water.
Our suggestion is_________we should plan the event intently.
语法填空
In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.1__________we always assume is 2_______villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable. But the fact is 3__________people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travelers. 4_______seems as if visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable----5.________my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.
We spent several days in a small town and we tramped through a dense wood for over two hours 6._________we arrived at a deep stream.7______we could see was 8_______the path continued on the other side. But what we didn't know was 9_______we could get across the stream. Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side.10.__________we tried to persuade him to take us, he was still reluctant to do so.
难点1
状语从句的省略
教材例句：
Use predicative clauses where appropriate.
在适当的地方使用表语从句。
where appropriate 可转化为:where it is appropriate
此结构属于状语从句的省略现象，其前提条件是:
在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中。
(2)状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是it;
(3)从句中含有 be 动词。
约定俗成的省略形式:
If so 如果这样的话
if not不然
if any 如果有的话
If ever 如果曾经有的话
if/when necessary如果有必要的话/在必要的时候
if/when possible如果可能的话/在可能的时候
if/where appropriate如果合适的话/在合适的情况下
You can adjust the width and height where appropriate.
你可以在适当地方调整一下宽度和高度。
②Preparing others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor.
在展示你的幽默感时,为他人准备一段有趣的对话和自己讲个笑话一样好。
③ If_____________(accept)for the job,you'll be in- formed soon.
如果你被录用做这份工作,你会很快收到通知。
④ When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with sweet potatoes, corn and greens.
烧热时，他把它们放在一个空油桶里，加上一些红薯、玉米和青菜。
⑤ She seldom,________ever, goes to the theatre.她
难得上剧院看场戏--即便不能说从来不去。
难点2：
全部倒装（表语提前，用于强调）
教材例句：
Among these is the clock restoration master,Wang Jin.
这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
倒装语序:
表语(介宾短语)+连系动词+主语正常语序:
主语+连系动词+表语(介宾短语)本句正常语序为:
The clock restoration master, Wang Jin, is among these.
句子主语，谓语动词用单数形式
Inside the parcel was a dictionary borrowed from the library.
包裹内有一本从图书馆借来的词典。
Among the crises that face humans is the lack of natural resources.
自然资源的缺乏是人类面临的危机之一。
② Among the top 5 students who are good at English,especially spoken English,___________I graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School.毕业于新星外国语学校的我,是最擅长英语特别是英语口语的5名学生中的一位。
难点3：
动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
教材例句
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin's workshop is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks.
在王津的工作坊里,唯一能打破寂静的声音是在修理、抛光钟表时发出的报时的旋律。
to do sth.作后置定语现象:
被修饰名词之前有序数词(the first...)或形容词最高级(the most...)以及the next, the only, the very 等。
Tom is always the first student to come to the classroom.
汤姆总是第一个来到教室的学生。
Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men.
在首批移居加利福尼亚的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士。
某些名词之后常跟 to do sth.作定语:
ability, attempt, wish, way, time, ambition, effort, opportunity, decision 等。
Her wish to be part of the national team comes true.
她成为国家队一员的愿望实现了。
1 He is the only one to get a doctor's degree in his family.
他是家中唯一获得博士学位的人。
② The last one_________(arrive)will be to blame at the conference.
大会上将批评最后到达的人。
Be to blame“该受责备”，用主动形式表被动含义
③ You have the ability__________(do)a bit of further prevention by educating the patients family about the risk factors.
你有能力通过教育患者家属相关危险因素来做进一步的预防工作。
By doing 表示“通过做
④ In fact, it is many young people's ambition_______(set)up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.
事实上，创建改善社会环境的项目或企业，是许多年轻人的夙愿。
one's ambition to do sth.某人做某事的风愿
难点4：it seems unlikely that....似乎不可能。
教材例句：
...it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete.
...钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。
该句式为“It+seems/is+unlikely+that主语从句.”，相当于“It seems/is unlikely (for sb.)to do... "。
It seems unlikely that we will find anything that is valuable to us there.
=It seems unlikely for us to find anything that is valuable to us there.
我们好像不可能在那儿找到任何对我们有价值的东西。
(1)It is likely that... 很可能……
(2)It is possible/impossible that...可能/不可能……
(3 )It is probable that... 很有可能…
It is likely that they have a lot of unused toys lying around.
他们很可能随处放置许多没用过的玩具。
It is more probable that we'll suffer from back problems if we always sit before computer screens for long hours.
我们如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前面，会更有可能出现背部问题。
It seems unlikely that we will come across frightful beasts in broad daylight.
在大白天里,我们遇见可怕的野兽好像是不可能的。
______ _________ ______ _______lacking sufficient funds would eventually become pain points.
很可能缺乏足够资金最后将成为痛点。
③ It seems likely ____________this kind of fish has trouble breeding in the wild on their own.
好像这类鱼靠它们自己在野外繁殖存在困难。
have trouble(in)doing.做...有麻烦,介词 in 可以省略
④ It’s possible( that) Mira might turn up tonight.米拉今晚可能会来。
⑤ It seems probable that the situation will only get worse.
情况很可能只会变得更糟。
难点5 It is as if...好像....
教材例句
It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country.
好像他们已经与自己的技艺和这个国家的历史融为了一体。
该句式为“It+be+as if/as though 从句” as if/though 引导表语从句，常置于 look,seem,appear,sound,feel 等之后，用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
It seems as if my luggage is overweight.
看来好像我的行李超重了。(陈述语气)
It appears as if she were junior to me by several years, but actually she is 3 years older than me.
看上去她好像比我小几岁,可事实是她比我大3岁。(虚拟语气)
It is as if he benefits a lot from the project.
好像他从这个项目中获益不少。
② It seems as if the vase were made of steel.
好像这个花瓶是用钢制成的。
③ Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts,and food.It was as if I_________(be)their own family.
虽当地村民生活贫困，但他们还是将自己的子、爱心和食物提供给我，好像我是他己的家人一样.
2单元短语
back down 退让；认输
think outside the box不拘一格地思考，跳出框框思考
break new ground 开辟新的领域；有新发现
pose for 为...摆好姿势；为...摆造型
fascination with 对...的迷恋
put...into...把...投入...
approach to ...的方式;接近
day in,day out 日复一日地
bring...back to life 使...复合；使...恢复生机
pass on...to...把...传给....
the cutting edge(of sth.) （某事物发展的）尖端；最前沿
by trial and error 反复试验（以得出最佳结果）
nothing more than 只不过；无非是
as much as 差不多；和...那样多
devotion to 献身于；对...的热爱
not once 一次也不
at one’s own pace 以自己的节奏
range from...to...范围从...到....
neither...nor...既不...也不....
take up 开始从事
regardless of 不管；不顾
passion for 对...的强烈爱好
originate from 来自....
take on 承担；呈现
a wide range of 大范围的；各种不同的
rather than 而不是
allow for 考虑到；顾及
contribute to 有助于；促成；向...捐赠；
focus on 全神贯注于...；集中精力于...
back down 退让；认输
at one’s own pace 以自己的节奏
originate from 来自...;发源于...
be optimistic about 对...持有乐观态度
vary from...to...由...到...不等
in light of 根据；鉴于；考虑到
a maximum of 至多,最多
be ambitious for渴望得到
be comprised of由... 组成
apt to倾向于
be associated with与... 有关
in the spotlight在聚光灯下
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