（2019外研版）选修三 Unit 1 Face values讲义（精讲）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 1 Face values
●主语从句●
在主从复合句中,充当主语的从句叫主语从句,它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有:
从属连词:在从句中不作成分
连接代词:在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词:在从句中作状语
一．引导主语从句的连接词
(1)从属连词:that,whether/if
①that 在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义，只起连接作用,但不可省略。
That smoking is harmful to health is known to everyone.
吸烟有害健康，这是大家都知道的。
②whether/if 在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。意为"是否”。whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末。而if引导的主语从句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。
Whether life exists on other planets is not clear yet.
其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。
It is still doubtful whether /if she will play the role.
她是否要演这个角色还不确定。
(2) 连接代词:
who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever whatever,whichever 等
连接代词引导主语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Who will bring up the child hasn't been decided yet.
谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。
Which lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown.
还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。
Whoever solves the puzzle can receive the award.
无论谁解开这个谜团都可以得到奖赏。
Whatever you do should do no harm to others.
无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。
(3)连接副词:when,where,why,how
when,where,why,how在从句中作状语,分别表示时间地点、原因和方式。
When we will set off hasn't been decided我们何时出发还没有决定。
Why he spied on me puzzled me for a long time.
他为什么监视我困扰了我很长时间.
How he earned his living before is not clear to us.
我们不清楚他以前是如何谋生的。
二.用it作形式主语的主语从句
当主语从句太长时，为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的常见句型有:
(1)It+be+形容词+that从句.
常用于该句型的形容词有clear,obvious,true,natural possible,likely,certain,fortunate.strange, necessary, important 等。
It is clear that the girl told a lie.很明显，那个女孩撒了谎。
(2)It+be+名词(短语)+that从句.
常用于该句型的名词(短语)有a pity,a shame,good news,a fact.an honour,a wonder, no wonder 等。
It is a pity that your parents don't permit you to go with us.
你父母不允许你和我们一起去，真遗憾。
It is no wonder that you've achieved such good results.
难怪你取得了这么好的成绩。
(3)It+be+ 过去分词+that 从句.
常用于该句型的过去分词有said,believed.reported thought,expected,decided,announced, suggested hoped 等。
It is reported that a violent earthquake happened in Japan.
据报道，日本发生了强烈地震。
【误区警示】
当过去分词是suggested,ordered,required,advised, requested,insisted等表示建议、要求、命令等的词时，主语从句应使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
It is suggested that the work ( should ) be done with great care.
有人建议,这项工作需要特别谨慎地去做。
(4)It+不及物动词(短语)+that从句
常用于该句型的不及物动词(短语)有seem(看上去)。 tum out(证明是),happen(碰巧),appear(显得)等。
It happened that he was out that day.碰巧他那天不在家。
It turned out that we were wrong.结果是我们错了。
(5)其他句型
It doesn't matter whether he likes it or not.
他喜不喜欢它都没有关系。
It makes no difference whether you support my plan or not.
你是否支持我的计划不重要。
It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my purse at home.
我突然想起我把钱包落在家里了。
三．使用主语从句的注意事项
(1)主语从句应用陈述语序
Whether he will be in time for the meeting is doubtful.
他能否赶上会议还不确定。
(2)主谓一致问题
①单个从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。但what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的数应与作表语的名词一致。
When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided.
我们何时开运动会还没定下来。
What astronauts need in the spaceship is oxygen.
宇航员在宇宙飞船中需要的是氧气。
What the children in the area starve for are books.
这个地区的孩子渴望得到的是书。
②用and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或两个以上连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
When they will set off and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们何时动身，要去哪里，还没定下来。
When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.
会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。
(3)whether引导的主语从句，如果用了形式主语，引导词whether可以换成if。如果whether从句在句首或后面直接跟or not,则不能换成if。
It has not been decided yet whether/if he will cut down his novel.
Whether he will cut down his novel has not been decided yet.
他是否会删减自己的小说还没决定。
I don't know whether or not my son can earn his living.
我不知道我儿子是否能自力更生。
【拓展】
whether与if引导名词性从句
用法 whether if
引导不位于句首的主语从句 √ √
引导位于句首的主语从句 √ ×
引导表语从句，同位语从句 √ ×
作介词的宾语 √ ×
直接与or not连用 √ ×
单句语法填空
1.__________made our teacher annoyed is_________the boy pretended to be studying when she entered the classroom.
2._________ the novelist will publish his novel again has not been decided yet.
3.It is important____________we should boost the students' confidence regardless of the failure.
4.________the new dormitory will be open to college students tomorrow is very inspirational.
5._________should not be overlooked is the intake of a variety of nutrients.
6.We thought he was timid, but___________turned out that he was brave.
7. He stopped and found that_________ was rolling in the stream was a pebble.
8. It is possible_________ this affection will help her out of the predicament.
9.___________he is so obsessive about beauty puzzles me very much.
10. _________worried the girl was the few freckles on her face.
语法填空
It is strange 1.________my cousin,Harry,keeps a curiously-shaped bottle on permanent display in his study. Despite the fact 2._____the bottle is coloured a delicate shade of green，3.________ an observant visitor would soon notice is that 4.________is filled in it is something
5. _______looks like a thick, greyish substance. If you were to ask Harry 6.______ was in the bottle. he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud. If you expressed doubt or surprise , he would immediately invite you to smell it and then rub some on your skin.7.______is certain that this brief experiment would stop any further doubts you might have. And it turned out 8.__________the bottle really does contain perfumed mud.9.__________Harry came into possession of the bizarre stuff makes an interesting story.10.______he is fond of relating is exactly the story.
难点1：
spend some time doing sth.花一些时间做某事
教材例句:
I spend hours every day editing my selfies,posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments.
我每天会花数小时修我的自拍照，发照片,并频繁地打开手机.迫切地查看评论。
Spend time/money on sth.在某事上花费时间/金钱
spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事
Spend money(on)doing sth.花费金钱做某事
易混词 搭配
spend 人+spend(s) +时间+on/(in)doing+事物
spend 人+spend(s)+金钱+on/(on)doing+事物
pay 人+pay(s)(+金钱)+for+物
cost 物+cost(s)(+人)+金钱
take It takes +人+时间+to do sth.
一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常省略。常见的结构有: spend some time (in )doing sth.
have difficulty/trouble(in )doing sth
be busy (in )doing sth.
There is no sense/point ( in ) doing sth.
It is no good/use (in )doing sth.
stop/prevent sb.(from)doing sth.
1. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.
她花了很多时间去看望穷人。
②Companies spend millions_________(hire)top business people.Is their money well spent
公司花费数百万雇用顶级商业人士。他们的钱花得值吗
③ After graduation, she worked hard to help her sisters and brothers pay__________their schooling.
毕业后她努力工作帮助她的兄弟姐妹支付学费。
④ There's no point_____________(complain)now- we're leaving tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样我们明天就要离开了。
⑤If your awareness is as sharp as it could be,you'll have no trouble
______________(answer)these questions.
如果你的意识足够敏锐，你回答这些问题就不会有困难。
难点2：
That is why
That’s why could never understand my sister...
那就是为什么我永远无法理解我姐姐……
That is why.. 那就是为什么……(why引导表语从句)
It/This/That is because...
这/那是因为……(because后接原因)
It/This/That is why...
这/那就是为什么……(why后接结果)
The reason(why... )is that...(……的)原因是……
One reason(why... )is that...一个(……的)原因是……
①Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants , fruits and flowers carries special significance.
中国新年是一个庆祝冬天结束和春天开始的节日。这就是为什么用植物、水果和花朵来装饰具有特殊的意义
②The reason why he was late for class is that he spent much time watching TV.
他上学迟到的原因是他花了大量的时间看电视。
难点3：
lt's +adj.+that...
教材例句
It's true that inner beauty is very important,but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.
内在美固然重要，但也不能完全忽视外在美。
It+be/seem(s)+形容词+that 从句，其中，it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
常用于该句型的形容词有clear,obvious,true,natural,possible,likely,
Certain,fortunate,strange,necessary,important等。
1. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.
似乎很明显，进化应该选择更大的大脑。
2. It’s partly true that Dicken’s style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.
狄更斯的写作风格吸引了各行各业的读者，这在一定程度上是事实。
难点4
so...that引导结果状语从句
教材例句
Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it.
但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺。她渐渐地适应了。
so... that... 如此……以至于……，其主要结构如下:
So+形容词/副词+that
so+ 形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+that
So+many/few+可数名词复数
so+much/little(少)+不可数名词)+that
such...that... 如此……以至于……，其主要结构如下:
Such+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+that
Such+形容词+可数名词复数+that
Such+形容词+不可数名词+that
so+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数= such+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数
so lovely a day = such a lovely day如此美好的一天
so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便;为了”,从句中常使用can， could,may，might，will，would, should 等情态动词或助动词;
so that引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词,在so that 前可以用逗号,意思是“因此;所以”。
1.Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day 谁没有收到过毁掉一整天的烦人电子邮件呢
②.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5a tail.
路易斯安那州的科学家对此非常担心，他们决定每条尾巴支付给猎人5美元。
③.Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
我们到这个周末再摘这些桃子,这样它们吃起来就足够甜了。
④ Smoking is such a bad habit that it does great harm to smokers’ health as well as the people around.
吸烟是如此不好的习惯以至于它不仅对吸烟者健康有很大危害，对周围人也有很大危害。
⑤.They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed.
他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免工期被耽搁。
难点5
The+序数词（+名词）+不定式
教材例句：
He was the first to break the silence.
他首先打破了沉默。
当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰的名词时,通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。此外，被修饰词被形容词最高级或 the only.the very,the last 等修 饰时也通常用不定式作后置定语。
不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，与被修饰词之间可有主谓、动宾或同位关系。
不定式与被修饰词存在动宾关系时，如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面应有必要的介词。
My manager usually has a lot of meetings to attend.
我的经理通常有很多会议要参加。
Mary is a nice person to work with.玛丽是一个很好共事的人。
常接不定式作定语的名词有ability,ambition,attempt,chance,
decision,effort,moment, need,plan. promise, reason,time,way 等。
We should make an effort to catch the early bus.
我们应该努力赶上早班公共汽车。
He made a promise to come here on time this afternoon.
他答应今天下午准时来这里。
1 He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
② She was the first person to think of the idea.
她是第一个想到这个主意的人。
③He is the first Chinese citizen__________(win)this award.
他是第一位获得该奖项的中国公民。
④A build-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways______(obtain) drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.
在液体不容易获得的地区,自制太阳能蒸馏器是获得饮用水的最佳方法之一。
where 引导定语从句，修饰areas.where在从句中作状语
⑤Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance______
(keep)American strength.
弗里德曼指出,绿色经济 是保持美国实力的一个机会。
point out that..指出
⑥I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train
_____________(catch).
我开会的时候一直在看钟表,因为我要赶火车。
难点6
否定词位于句首表示强调时的部分倒装语序
教材例句
Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。
never位于句首表示强调引起部分倒装。never在此为否定副词.引起倒装时，把相应的助动词放在主语之前。
部分倒装
当含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词、连系动词be移至主语之前。这样的词或短语有never， neither, nor, not, seldom, little. hardly, rarely, scarcely, at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account. not until 等。
1 Never in her life had she tasted anything better.
她一生中从来没有尝过比这更好的东西。
②The professor warned the students that ______________no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
这位教授告诫学生们,在他的课上他们绝不应该使用手机。
3. Not until recently did they encourage the development
of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
直到最近,他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游有关的活动。
难点7强调句型
教材例句
Feeling desperate, he tries to destroy the portrait with a knife, but it is he who is killed.
他感到绝望，试图用刀破坏画像,但被杀的是他。
本句是强调句型强调主语he.
强调句型结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分.
被强调部分指人时也可用who代替that。该句型可以强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语(若强调谓语,用do的某种形式)。
①强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他部分
②强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词+ is/was it that+其他部分
③强调句型的判断方法:如果把句子中的it is/was和that/who 去掉适当调整语序,能还原成完整的句子，就是强调句型，否则就不是。
1 It is not your inherent ability that determines your success,but your attitude.
成败取决于你的态度,而不是天资。
②It_____(be )only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
直到汽车停在我们房子前面,我们才看到莉莉坐在副驾驶的位置上。
此处强调时间状语(从句)
③He proved that it’s not what happens to us ________determines our lives-it's what we make of what happens.
他证明了不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活--而是我们如何看待发生的事情。
本单元词组：
1. a lack of 缺乏；缺少
2. from head to toe 从头到脚
3. leave an impression on 给...留下印象
4. attempt to do 尝试/试图做....
5. a desire for 对...的渴望
6. be surprised at 对...感到惊讶
7. keep fit 保持健康
8. boost one’s confidence 增加某人的信心
9. make an effort 努力
pare...to...把...与...作比较
11. in terms of 在...方面；就...而言
12. nothing but 只有；仅仅
e across 偶然遇见；无意中发现；被理解
14. in instance 例如；以...为例
15. regard...as ...认为...是...;把...看做；称为....
16. in reality 事实上；实际上
17. fall in love with 爱上；喜欢
18. in public 当众；公开地
19. as long as 只要；和...一样长
20. engage in 从事；参加
21. in pursuit of 追求...
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Unit 1 Face values
●主语从句●
在主从复合句中,充当主语的从句叫主语从句,它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有:
从属连词:在从句中不作成分
连接代词:在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词:在从句中作状语
一．引导主语从句的连接词
(1)从属连词:that,whether/if
①that 在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义，只起连接作用,但不可省略。
That smoking is harmful to health is known to everyone.
吸烟有害健康，这是大家都知道的。
②whether/if 在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。意为"是否”。whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末。而if引导的主语从句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。
Whether life exists on other planets is not clear yet.
其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。
It is still doubtful whether /if she will play the role.
她是否要演这个角色还不确定。
(2) 连接代词:
who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever whatever,whichever 等
连接代词引导主语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Who will bring up the child hasn't been decided yet.
谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。
Which lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown.
还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。
Whoever solves the puzzle can receive the award.
无论谁解开这个谜团都可以得到奖赏。
Whatever you do should do no harm to others.
无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。
(3)连接副词:when,where,why,how
when,where,why,how在从句中作状语,分别表示时间地点、原因和方式。
When we will set off hasn't been decided我们何时出发还没有决定。
Why he spied on me puzzled me for a long time.
他为什么监视我困扰了我很长时间.
How he earned his living before is not clear to us.
我们不清楚他以前是如何谋生的。
二.用it作形式主语的主语从句
当主语从句太长时，为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的常见句型有:
(1)It+be+形容词+that从句.
常用于该句型的形容词有clear,obvious,true,natural possible,likely,certain,fortunate.strange, necessary, important 等。
It is clear that the girl told a lie.很明显，那个女孩撒了谎。
(2)It+be+名词(短语)+that从句.
常用于该句型的名词(短语)有a pity,a shame,good news,a fact.an honour,a wonder, no wonder 等。
It is a pity that your parents don't permit you to go with us.
你父母不允许你和我们一起去，真遗憾。
It is no wonder that you've achieved such good results.
难怪你取得了这么好的成绩。
(3)It+be+ 过去分词+that 从句.
常用于该句型的过去分词有said,believed.reported thought,expected,decided,announced, suggested hoped 等。
It is reported that a violent earthquake happened in Japan.
据报道，日本发生了强烈地震。
【误区警示】
当过去分词是suggested,ordered,required,advised, requested,insisted等表示建议、要求、命令等的词时，主语从句应使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
It is suggested that the work ( should ) be done with great care.
有人建议,这项工作需要特别谨慎地去做。
(4)It+不及物动词(短语)+that从句
常用于该句型的不及物动词(短语)有seem(看上去)。 tum out(证明是),happen(碰巧),appear(显得)等。
It happened that he was out that day.碰巧他那天不在家。
It turned out that we were wrong.结果是我们错了。
(5)其他句型
It doesn't matter whether he likes it or not.
他喜不喜欢它都没有关系。
It makes no difference whether you support my plan or not.
你是否支持我的计划不重要。
It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my purse at home.
我突然想起我把钱包落在家里了。
三．使用主语从句的注意事项
(1)主语从句应用陈述语序
Whether he will be in time for the meeting is doubtful.
他能否赶上会议还不确定。
(2)主谓一致问题
①单个从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。但what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的数应与作表语的名词一致。
When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided.
我们何时开运动会还没定下来。
What astronauts need in the spaceship is oxygen.
宇航员在宇宙飞船中需要的是氧气。
What the children in the area starve for are books.
这个地区的孩子渴望得到的是书。
②用and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或两个以上连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
When they will set off and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们何时动身，要去哪里，还没定下来。
When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.
会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。
(3)whether引导的主语从句，如果用了形式主语，引导词whether可以换成if。如果whether从句在句首或后面直接跟or not,则不能换成if。
It has not been decided yet whether/if he will cut down his novel.
Whether he will cut down his novel has not been decided yet.
他是否会删减自己的小说还没决定。
I don't know whether or not my son can earn his living.
我不知道我儿子是否能自力更生。
【拓展】
whether与if引导名词性从句
用法 whether if
引导不位于句首的主语从句 √ √
引导位于句首的主语从句 √ ×
引导表语从句，同位语从句 √ ×
作介词的宾语 √ ×
直接与or not连用 √ ×
单句语法填空
1.__________made our teacher annoyed is_________the boy pretended to be studying when she entered the classroom.
2._________ the novelist will publish his novel again has not been decided yet.
3.It is important____________we should boost the students' confidence regardless of the failure.
4.________the new dormitory will be open to college students tomorrow is very inspirational.
5._________should not be overlooked is the intake of a variety of nutrients.
6.We thought he was timid, but___________turned out that he was brave.
7. He stopped and found that_________ was rolling in the stream was a pebble.
8. It is possible_________ this affection will help her out of the predicament.
9.___________he is so obsessive about beauty puzzles me very much.
10. _________worried the girl was the few freckles on her face.
语法填空
It is strange 1.________my cousin,Harry,keeps a curiously-shaped bottle on permanent display in his study. Despite the fact 2._____the bottle is coloured a delicate shade of green，3.________ an observant visitor would soon notice is that 4.________is filled in it is something
5. _______looks like a thick, greyish substance. If you were to ask Harry 6.______ was in the bottle. he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud. If you expressed doubt or surprise , he would immediately invite you to smell it and then rub some on your skin.7.______is certain that this brief experiment would stop any further doubts you might have. And it turned out 8.__________the bottle really does contain perfumed mud.9.__________Harry came into possession of the bizarre stuff makes an interesting story.10.______he is fond of relating is exactly the story.
难点1：
spend some time doing sth.花一些时间做某事
教材例句:
I spend hours every day editing my selfies,posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments.
我每天会花数小时修我的自拍照，发照片,并频繁地打开手机.迫切地查看评论。
Spend time/money on sth.在某事上花费时间/金钱
spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事
Spend money(on)doing sth.花费金钱做某事
易混词 搭配
spend 人+spend(s) +时间+on/(in)doing+事物
spend 人+spend(s)+金钱+on/(on)doing+事物
pay 人+pay(s)(+金钱)+for+物
cost 物+cost(s)(+人)+金钱
take It takes +人+时间+to do sth.
一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常省略。常见的结构有: spend some time (in )doing sth.
have difficulty/trouble(in )doing sth
be busy (in )doing sth.
There is no sense/point ( in ) doing sth.
It is no good/use (in )doing sth.
stop/prevent sb.(from)doing sth.
1. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.
她花了很多时间去看望穷人。
②Companies spend millions_________(hire)top business people.Is their money well spent
公司花费数百万雇用顶级商业人士。他们的钱花得值吗
③ After graduation, she worked hard to help her sisters and brothers pay__________their schooling.
毕业后她努力工作帮助她的兄弟姐妹支付学费。
④ There's no point_____________(complain)now- we're leaving tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样我们明天就要离开了。
⑤If your awareness is as sharp as it could be,you'll have no trouble
______________(answer)these questions.
如果你的意识足够敏锐，你回答这些问题就不会有困难。
难点2：
That is why
That’s why could never understand my sister...
那就是为什么我永远无法理解我姐姐……
That is why.. 那就是为什么……(why引导表语从句)
It/This/That is because...
这/那是因为……(because后接原因)
It/This/That is why...
这/那就是为什么……(why后接结果)
The reason(why... )is that...(……的)原因是……
One reason(why... )is that...一个(……的)原因是……
①Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants , fruits and flowers carries special significance.
中国新年是一个庆祝冬天结束和春天开始的节日。这就是为什么用植物、水果和花朵来装饰具有特殊的意义
②The reason why he was late for class is that he spent much time watching TV.
他上学迟到的原因是他花了大量的时间看电视。
难点3：
lt's +adj.+that...
教材例句
It's true that inner beauty is very important,but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.
内在美固然重要，但也不能完全忽视外在美。
It+be/seem(s)+形容词+that 从句，其中，it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
常用于该句型的形容词有clear,obvious,true,natural,possible,likely,
Certain,fortunate,strange,necessary,important等。
1. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.
似乎很明显，进化应该选择更大的大脑。
2. It’s partly true that Dicken’s style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.
狄更斯的写作风格吸引了各行各业的读者，这在一定程度上是事实。
难点4
so...that引导结果状语从句
教材例句
Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it.
但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺。她渐渐地适应了。
so... that... 如此……以至于……，其主要结构如下:
So+形容词/副词+that
so+ 形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+that
So+many/few+可数名词复数
so+much/little(少)+不可数名词)+that
such...that... 如此……以至于……，其主要结构如下:
Such+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+that
Such+形容词+可数名词复数+that
Such+形容词+不可数名词+that
so+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数= such+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数
so lovely a day = such a lovely day如此美好的一天
so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便;为了”,从句中常使用can， could,may，might，will，would, should 等情态动词或助动词;
so that引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词,在so that 前可以用逗号,意思是“因此;所以”。
1.Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day 谁没有收到过毁掉一整天的烦人电子邮件呢
②.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5a tail.
路易斯安那州的科学家对此非常担心，他们决定每条尾巴支付给猎人5美元。
③.Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
我们到这个周末再摘这些桃子,这样它们吃起来就足够甜了。
④ Smoking is such a bad habit that it does great harm to smokers’ health as well as the people around.
吸烟是如此不好的习惯以至于它不仅对吸烟者健康有很大危害，对周围人也有很大危害。
⑤.They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed.
他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免工期被耽搁。
难点5
The+序数词（+名词）+不定式
教材例句：
He was the first to break the silence.
他首先打破了沉默。
当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰的名词时,通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。此外，被修饰词被形容词最高级或 the only.the very,the last 等修 饰时也通常用不定式作后置定语。
不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，与被修饰词之间可有主谓、动宾或同位关系。
不定式与被修饰词存在动宾关系时，如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面应有必要的介词。
My manager usually has a lot of meetings to attend.
我的经理通常有很多会议要参加。
Mary is a nice person to work with.玛丽是一个很好共事的人。
常接不定式作定语的名词有ability,ambition,attempt,chance,
decision,effort,moment, need,plan. promise, reason,time,way 等。
We should make an effort to catch the early bus.
我们应该努力赶上早班公共汽车。
He made a promise to come here on time this afternoon.
他答应今天下午准时来这里。
1 He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
② She was the first person to think of the idea.
她是第一个想到这个主意的人。
③He is the first Chinese citizen__________(win)this award.
他是第一位获得该奖项的中国公民。
④A build-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways______(obtain) drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.
在液体不容易获得的地区,自制太阳能蒸馏器是获得饮用水的最佳方法之一。
where 引导定语从句，修饰areas.where在从句中作状语
⑤Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance______
(keep)American strength.
弗里德曼指出,绿色经济 是保持美国实力的一个机会。
point out that..指出
⑥I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train
_____________(catch).
我开会的时候一直在看钟表,因为我要赶火车。
难点6
否定词位于句首表示强调时的部分倒装语序
教材例句
Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。
never位于句首表示强调引起部分倒装。never在此为否定副词.引起倒装时，把相应的助动词放在主语之前。
部分倒装
当含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词、连系动词be移至主语之前。这样的词或短语有never， neither, nor, not, seldom, little. hardly, rarely, scarcely, at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account. not until 等。
1 Never in her life had she tasted anything better.
她一生中从来没有尝过比这更好的东西。
②The professor warned the students that ______________no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
这位教授告诫学生们,在他的课上他们绝不应该使用手机。
3. Not until recently did they encourage the development
of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
直到最近,他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游有关的活动。
难点7强调句型
教材例句
Feeling desperate, he tries to destroy the portrait with a knife, but it is he who is killed.
他感到绝望，试图用刀破坏画像,但被杀的是他。
本句是强调句型强调主语he.
强调句型结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分.
被强调部分指人时也可用who代替that。该句型可以强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语(若强调谓语,用do的某种形式)。
①强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他部分
②强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词+ is/was it that+其他部分
③强调句型的判断方法:如果把句子中的it is/was和that/who 去掉适当调整语序,能还原成完整的句子，就是强调句型，否则就不是。
1 It is not your inherent ability that determines your success,but your attitude.
成败取决于你的态度,而不是天资。
②It_____(be )only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
直到汽车停在我们房子前面,我们才看到莉莉坐在副驾驶的位置上。
此处强调时间状语(从句)
③He proved that it’s not what happens to us ________determines our lives-it's what we make of what happens.
他证明了不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活--而是我们如何看待发生的事情。
本单元词组：
1. a lack of 缺乏；缺少
2. from head to toe 从头到脚
3. leave an impression on 给...留下印象
4. attempt to do 尝试/试图做....
5. a desire for 对...的渴望
6. be surprised at 对...感到惊讶
7. keep fit 保持健康
8. boost one’s confidence 增加某人的信心
9. make an effort 努力
pare...to...把...与...作比较
11. in terms of 在...方面；就...而言
12. nothing but 只有；仅仅
e across 偶然遇见；无意中发现；被理解
14. in instance 例如；以...为例
15. regard...as ...认为...是...;把...看做；称为....
16. in reality 事实上；实际上
17. fall in love with 爱上；喜欢
18. in public 当众；公开地
19. as long as 只要；和...一样长
20. engage in 从事；参加
21. in pursuit of 追求...
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