（2019外研版）选修四 unit 5讲义（精讲）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5
●复习名词性从句●
名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
一．引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)连接代词:who,whose,whom, what, which 等。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。
(2)连接副词:when,where,why,how 等。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
(3)连接词(组):that,whether,if,as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，引导单一的宾语从句时that可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that 通常不被省略whether/if(是否)表明从句内容的不确定性。
二.主语从句
(1)主语从句在复合句中作主语。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
他想要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown.
谁能赢得这场比赛还有待分晓。
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们都惊讶不已。
Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
我们明天是否会去远足仍旧未知。
“Whom we must study for”is a question of great importance.
“我们为谁而学习”是个很重要的问题。
Whatever you did is right.
你傲的任何事都是正确的。
What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。
(2)有时为避免句子头重脚轻,用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。常用句型如下:
①It be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/a surprise 等)+ that 从句.
It's a great pity that they didn’t get married.
他们没能结婚，真是令人惋惜。
②It be+形容词(necessary/right/likely/important/certain等)+that 从句。
It's splendid that you passed your exam.你通过考试了，真棒。
③It be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句。
It's said that he has been there many times.据说他去过那儿很多次了。
④It+不及物动词(appear/happen等)+that 从句..
It appears that they have made the same mistakes.他们好像犯了同样的错误.
(3)主语从句的虚拟语气。
在以下主语从句中,常使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语为“should+动词原形”，其中should 可省略。
①It is+requested/required/proposed/suggested/ordered desired 等+ that...
②It is+necessary/important/natural/desirable/advisable/ strange 等+that...
③It is a pity/a shame/no wonder 等+that..
It is suggested that the lab building(should)be built next year.
有人建议明年修建实验楼。
It is necessary that college students ( should) master at least one foreign language.
大学生应该至少掌握一门外语，这是有必要的。
It was a pity that he should have failed.
他竟然失败了，太遗憾了。
三.表语从句
(1)表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。系动词可为be.look,seem,sound等。主语可为名词 fact,truth, cause, question,explanation,trouble, assumption, believe等或代词this,that,these,it 等。
The fact is that we have lost the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
Britain is not what it used to be.英国已不是过去的英国了。
This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。
The question was who could go there.问题是谁能够去那里。
(2)当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是 because.
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.
他迟到的原因是今天早上他没赶上火车。(why引导定语从句，修饰reason)
(3)句式That is why….意为“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，后加结果或后果。That is because.….意为“那就是为什么……/那是因为……”，because 引导表语从句，后加原因或理由。
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨晚没有去看。(why引导表语从句，后跟结果)
He didn’t see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨晚他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做家庭作业。
(because引导表语从句,后跟原因)
在表示“命令”“建议”“要求”等名词(order, demand, suggestion, proposal,advice,request 等)的表语从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气“(should+)动词原形”。
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.
他的建议是我们应该更认真地做我们的工作。
四.宾语从句
在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于动词、介词或形容词之后的从句叫宾语从句。
(1)由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句(以及以后的分句)前的that不可省略。
I think (that) it will clear up tomorrow and that they will go out for a picnic.
我认为明天天会放睛，他们会出去野餐.
(2)用连接代词who,whom,which,whose,what 等和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导的宾语从句中要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
(3)可用it 作形式宾语。
①动词make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day,我认为每天多喝热水是有必要的。
② 有些动词后跟宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it,如: hate, take,owe,have 等。
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
(4)否定转移:在 think,believe,imagine, suppose, expect, fancy等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把主句中的动词变为否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式，即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
We don’t think(that) you are here.我们认为你不在这里
I don't believe(that)he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。
(5)宾语从句中的虚拟语气:
① 在 demand, order, suggest, decide, insist, desire, request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”。
I insist that she (should)do her work alone.我坚持要她独自工作。
The doctor recommended that you shouldn’t swim after eating a large meal.
医生建议你不要在吃完大餐后游泳。
②用it充当形式宾语，宾语补足语是important/necessary advisable/desirable/possible等形容词时，形容词后真正的宾语从句的谓语应使用“(should+)动词原形”来表示虚拟语气。
Don't you think it necessary that he should be sent to Taiyuan
难道你认为没有必要派他去太原吗
③would rather引导的宾语从句表虚拟语气时，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时;指将来或现在的动作时，则用过去时(be动词只能用were形式)。
George is going to talk about the geography of his country but I'd rather he focused more on its culture.
乔治将会谈一下他国家的地理，不过我宁愿他更多地关注他国家的文化。
④wish 后宾语从句的虚拟语气:从句动词用“did(be动词用were)”表示对“现在情况”的虚拟:从句动词用“had done 或would/could have done”表示对“过去情况”的虚拟;从句动词用“would/could/might+do"表示对“将来情况”的虚拟。
How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!
我多么希望每个家庭都有一个带有美丽花园的大房子!
五.同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如news，fact.idea,suggestion. promise,advice,demand,doubt,hope,information,message,order,problem,question,request,truth,wish等)之后，对该名词的具体内容进行解释、说明。同位语从句通常由that引导.
The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
(1)that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that导定语从句时是关系词.起连接作用充句子成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语)，在从句中作宾语或状语时可以省略;
that 引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。(2)同位语从句的判断方法:
可以用“加词”的方法,即在名词和从句之间加一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则是定语从句。
试比较下面两个例句:
The news that we won the game is exciting我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
(that引导同位语从句，不能省略).
The news that he readjust now is exciting他刚才读到的新闻令人兴奋。
(that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语。可以省略)
(3)同位语从句中的虚拟语气:
在表示“命令”“建议”“要求”等的名词(如order， demand,suggestion,proposal,advice.request等)的同位语从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气“(should+)动词原形”。为了保持句子平衡，从句与先行词往往被介词短语、副词或谓语等分开。
The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.
会议将会推迟的通知大约在下午两点传来。
that 和 what 引导名词性从句的区别
that引导名词性从句时，在句中不充当任何句子成分.也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当一定的句子成分(主宾表)，what 可以分解成定语从句中的"先行词+关系代词”，即常说的“先行词+that which/who”。
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
I will do what I can (do) to help him.
我将尽我所能帮助他。
七.选择名词性从句的连接词时，要分析从句的句意和句子结构
如果从句句子结构不完整、意义不完整，缺乏主语、宾语或表语,根据句意用连接代词;
如果从句中句子结构完整、意义不完整，缺乏状语，根据句意用连接副词;
如果从句中句子结构完整、意义不完整，缺乏“是否、好像”等意义时，根据句意用连接词(组)whether,if,as if;如果从句中句子结构完整、意义完整，用连接词that
八.whether 与if 意为“是否”时一般可互换
但在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if
(1)从句置于句首表示强调时
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是一个有趣的问题。
(2)引导表语从句时
The question is whether we can get in touch with her.问题是我们能否联系上她。
(3)在介词后面时
His father is worried about whether he will lose his job.他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。
(4)后面紧跟着 or not 时
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.我们不知道她是否准备好了。
(5)后接动词不定式时
Can you tell me whether to go or stay 你能否告诉我是去还是留
(6)用if会引起歧义时
如:Could you tell me______you know the answer
若空格处用if，有两种意思:“你能告诉我你是否知道答案吗 ”(if引导宾语从句)或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我.好吗 ”(if引导条件状语从句)。用whether 则可避免歧义。
(7)引导同位语从句时
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
我们是否应该请专家由家庭医生来定。
九.名词性从句的时态
名词性从句的时态多在宾语从句中考查，有以下几种情况:
①当主句是现在时态或将来时态时，从句的时态不受主句时态的影响，可根据句子的实际情况使用不同的时态;
Hello, I don’t know you were in London. How long have you been there
你好，我不知道你在伦敦。你在那里多久了
②当主句的时态是过去时态时，从句也应使用过去的时态;
She wondered where she had seen the painting.她想知道在哪里见过那幅画
③当从句表示客观事实或真理时，其时态不受主句时态的影响，应使用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.老师告诉我们光的速度非常快。
十wh-与wh-ever(包括however)的区别
英语中的wh-ever 词主要包括whatever,whoever, whichever, whenever,wherever,however 等，其中可引导名词性从句的主要有 whatever，whoever,whichever 等。
(1)wh-ever 与no matter+ wh- 的区别:
No matter+wh-只能引导状语从句，而wh-ever既可以引导状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。
The how-to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.
这本实用手册对任何想做这份工作的人都有帮助。(whoever引导名词性从句)
Whoever points out our shortcomings we will correct them.
不管是谁指出我们的缺点，我们都会改。(whoever 引导让步状语从句)
(2)what与whatever:
what表示疑问意义“什么”，相当于the thing(s)that; whatever相当于anything/everything that，强调“任何/无论什么”。
What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted by key universities.
使学校骄傲的是超过90%的学生已被重点大学录取。
Whatever she did was right.她做的一切都是对的。
Whatever happens,the first important thing is to keep calm.
不管发生什么事,头等重要的是保持冷静。
which/who/whom与whichever/whoever/whomever:
which/who/whom在引导名词性从句时，整个从句作主句的一个成分;whichever/whoever/whomever在引导名词性从句时,强调“任何/无论……”，而且引导词及其所修饰的词可起双重作用，既作从句的句子成分，又作主句的句子成分。
Who you are doesn’t matter and what matters is who you will be in the future.
你是谁并不重要,重要的是你在未来会成为什么样的人。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race.
在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人将获得金牌。
基础知识自测
找出并判断下列各句中含有的名词性从句,并指出是什么从句
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth goes round the sun is known to all.
3.I wonder why she refused my invitation.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan was interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
7. It’s a pity that you should have to leave.
8. I want to tell you that I haven’t been to the get-together.
9. It depends on whether we have enough time.
单句语法填空
1. The fact_________ he has the potential to be a great player is beyond doubt.
2. She doubts______or not she'll ever be able to fulfill her ambition.
3. He mentioned his aim was to become a doctor and_________he would overcome all the obstacles to achieve it.
4._________we ought to do is hire a consultant to help improve our company’s image.
5.I never expected________he would abuse the trust l placed in him.
6. It is quite clear_______my judgment is rather subjective.
7._________steals is dismissed automatically.
8. The reason why she had been discriminated against was__________she was much older.
9. The phenomenon_________young people don’t always appreciate the guidance offered by their parents and teachers is common.
10. I love the job, and it’s an added bonus_________ it's so close to home.
用正确的名词性从句引导词填空
1.Scientists have obtained more evidence_______plastic is finding its way into the human body.
2.While they are rare north of 88 degree ,there is evidence_________they range all the way across the Arctic and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
3. What students do at college seems to matter much more than___they go.
4. Without his support,we wouldn't be____we are now.
5. This is______my father has taught me---to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
6. By boat is the only way to get here, which is__________ we arrived.
7. Every year,________makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
8. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing_______she was heading.
9. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of____it used to charge.
10. She asked me_______I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
11. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is____________one can be entirely free from dust.
12. It is often the case____________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
13.The monitor’s suggestion_________she should come another day has not been accepted.
语法填空
It was reported 1______there was an accident at the corner of the Roman Street this morning. No one saw2________on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3______will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about4______the driver was guilty. 5_______the police should do is 6________
they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7_______the accident happened was not clear. Perhaps the reason was8________the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn’t admit the fact 9_______he was driving too fast at the turning. The police doubred10_________ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
难点1 that引导同位语从句
教材例句：
The fact that Maya society was technology primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。
本句是主从复合句，其中that引导同位语从句，对the fact进行解释说明，that在同位语从句中不作成分，无词义，不能省略；makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious 为“make+宾语+宾补”结构。
同位语从句通常跟在
answer,hope,fact,truth,belief,news,idea,promise,doubt,information,conclusion,order,suggestion,
thought,report,decision,opinion,theory,resolution, fear, demand,wish等抽象名词后面，对其内容进行解释说明。
在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion, order proposal,resolution,advice等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气[谓语为“(should+)动词原形”]。
that引导的同位语从句和that引导的定语从句的区别:
定语从句是形容词性从句，对先行词进行修饰、限定，关系词that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语;同位语从句是名词性从句，对名词进行解释、补充说明，连接词that只起连接主句与从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.
乔迁聚会之所以获得这个名字，是因为很久以前人们确实会把柴火作为礼物带到新家这一事实。
We heard the news that our team had won.
我们听到了我们队赢了的消息。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement_______the earth moves round the sun.
他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
They expressed the wish_______she should accept the award.
他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
I've come to the conclusion _______it was unwise to do that.
我已得出结论，那样做是不明智的。[that ]
The suggestion________the new rule be ad. opted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
They were faced with the demand________this tax be abolished.
他们面对废除这项征税的要求。
The news________he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
难点2 it is possible that...有可能……(主语从句)
教材例句
By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。
本句中 By changing the landscape in this way 是状语，主句为“it is possible that….”,其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，从属连词that在主语从句中不作句子成分，仅起连接主句与从句的作用，无词义，不可以省略。
it作形式主语的常用句型:
It+be+形容词+that从句.
It+be+名词词组(a fact，a pity，a shame, an honour 等)+that从句.
It+be+过去分词(believed,said hoped, decided,reported 等)+that从句.
It+不及物动词(appears，happens等)+that 从句.
It+be+形容词(easy,difficult,hard, important，possible，clever等)+of/ for sb.+ 动词不定式.
It+be+名词词组+动词不定式/动名词.
①It is possible that he will attend the meeting.他很可能会参会。
② It is often the case________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。
③It is not a problem_______we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
我们能否赢得这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。
④ ________is too selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.
他不把词典给别人用,太自私了。
⑤ It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.
你帮助我做这项工作真是太好了。
⑥ It’s a waste of time______(talk) to her.
和她说话是在浪费时间。
⑦__________is no use arguing about the matter with him.
和他争论这件事是没有用的。
难点3 现在分词短语作结果状语
教材例句
Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
本句中 leaving various mysteries for later people to solve 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果。
现在分词短语作结果状语的注意事项:
这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是前面的整个句子。因而，在前一种情况下现在分词短语相当于由and连接的并列谓语;在后一种情况下现在分词短语相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.=...and caused great damage.
大火持续了一整夜，结果造成了巨大损失。
句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系。
Winter in India sets in November and continues until February,permitting the cultivation of wheat.
印度的冬季从11月开始延续至下年的2月，所以可以种小麦。
表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后面，其前常用一个逗号隔开，现在分词短语前有时可加上副词 thus或thereby(因而，因此)等以示强调。
Carbon burns in oxygen or air,thereby forming carbon dioxide.
碳在氧气或空气中燃烧，因而形成了二氧化碳。
现在分词短语和不定式短语作结果状语的区别:
现在分词短语作结果状语表示一种合乎情理的、顺其自然的结果;而不定式短语作结果状语，通常表示事先未曾预料到的情况或结果，有时不定式前用only，以加强“意想不到”的语气。
There is mud everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
这里到处都是泥,使得从一个地方到另一个地方很困难。
Mary failed all her exams,__________(make)her parents very angry.
玛丽所有考试都未通过，这使她的父母非常生气。
European football is played in more than 80 countries,_________(make) it one of the most popular games in the world.
80多个国家都踢欧式足球，这使得欧式足球成为世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。
The child slipped and fell,_________(hit) his head against the door.
这个孩子滑了一下，摔倒了这使得他的头碰到了门。
Her husband died ten years ago.__________(leave)her with three children to look after.
她的丈夫十年前就去世了，这使得她要照顾三个孩子。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus_________(cause) the delay.
他们遇到了堵车，这导致他们迟到了。
The song was sung all over the country,________(make)it the most popular song.
这首歌在整个国家传唱,这使得它成为最流行的歌曲。
He didn't come today，______(make)it necessary for us to find someone to do his work.
他今天没来，因而我们需要找人做他的工作。
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the wild winds________(block)roads, paths and railway lines.
1500万棵树被狂风刮倒，把大小道路和铁路都堵塞了。
I rushed to the station in a hurry,only__________(find) the train had already gone.
我匆忙赶到火车站，不料火车已经开走了。
难点4不定式作后置定语
教材例句
Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of this complex organ.
然而，我们能完全了解这个复杂器官的工作原理前仍然有很长的路要走。
to go 作定语，用于修饰a long way，不定式表示未发生的动作或者表单纯的修饰。
当被修饰的名词是way,ability,ambition,attempt,chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment,opportunity,promise,right, time,wish等表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的词时，或当定语表示还没做的动作时以及当名词与定语间有动宾关系时，用动词不定式作定语。
the ability to do 做……的能力
the opportunity to do 做……的机会
the way to do 做……的方法
a/the chance to do做……的机会
a/the promise to do做……的承诺
1 He is the only one to get a doctor’s degree in his family.
他是家中唯一获得博士学位的人。
You have the ability______(do)a bit of further prevention by educating the patients family about the risk factors.
通过教育患者家人了解危险因素，你有能力做诸多进一步的预防工作。
3. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.每个人都有追逐成功的机会。
4. Please make an effort________(catch)the bus.请努力赶上公共汽车。
5. It's an exciting opportunity_____(learn) what goes on behind the scenes.
这是个令人激动的机会，可以了解幕后发生的事情。
难点5 现在分词短语位于句首的完全倒装句式
教材例句
Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks.
全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。
本句中，构成现在进行时的现在分词短语lying under waters across the globe位于句首表示强调,句子主语是名词an estimated three million ship wrecks,故构成完全倒装语序,即;“现在分词短语+be+主语”。
进行时态有时用于完全倒装。为了表示强调，进行时态谓语部分的现在分词可以提到句首，状语常紧跟在现在分词之后构成完全倒装。有类似用法的动词往往是状态动词，如 lie， stand,surround等。
Lying on the beach is a family from Russia.
________(play)in front of the house are Tom and his new friend John.
在房子前面玩耍的是汤姆和他的新朋友约翰。
__________(surround) the huts and the animals was a high fence made of thorny shrubs.
围绕小屋子和动物的是由多刺的灌木构成的高栅栏。
4.________(stand) beside the table was his wife.站在桌子旁边的是他的妻子。
难点6 过去分词短语作状语
教材例句
Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD, the ruins of Neápolis are almost2000 years old.
据悉，在公元4世纪，奈阿波利斯被一场海啸淹没,其废墟至今已有近2000年的历史。
过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致,过去分词与句子主语通常存在被动关系。过去分词作状语,常表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随等。
Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见,就无法被忘记。(表示时间)
Seen from the top of the castle,the park looks very beautiful.
从城堡顶端看,公园看起来十分美丽。(表示条件)
Though told of the danger ，he still risked his life to enter the cave.
虽然被告知有危险,他仍然冒着生命危险进了山洞。(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he dived deep into the ocean.
心中充满了希望与恐惧，他潜入了海洋深处。(表示伴随)
Deeply_______(move) by his words, Tom agreed to go with him.
被他的话深深地打动,汤姆同意和他一起去。
_________(see)from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden.
从山顶上看，这座城市看起来就像一个大花园。
3_______(give) more time, I would do the job much better.
如果给我更多的时间，我会把工作做得好得多。
__________(encourage)by his parents, he still lacks confidence.
虽然他的父母鼓励他，他仍然缺乏信心。
_________(surround) by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade inkstone in spring and summer.
被田野、山脉和河流包围着的丽江古城在春天和夏天看起来像一块玉石砚。
5.________(remind) not to miss the flight at 15: 20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.被提醒不要错过15:20的航班，经理急急忙忙动身赶往机场。
难点7 lt+be+过去分词+ that...
数材例句
It's argued that the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy, with fre- quent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
有一种观点认为，北纬30度线蕴含着巨大的自然能量，经常发生地震和火山喷发。
本句中，it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句，构成“It+be+过去分词(argued，reported, said, thought,decided等)+that从句.”句式。
主语从句后置，以it作形式主语的拓展句式:
It+be+名词(词组)(a fact，no wonder)+that 主语从句，
It+不及物动词(短语)(happen)+ that 主语从句.
It+情感类动词(shock，satisfy)+ sb.+that 主语从句.
It+系动词 +adj.+that 主语从句
①It is said that dogs will keep you company as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
据说，当你感觉孤单时，狗会一直陪伴你，你想要它陪你多久它就陪你多久。
②It is_______(believe)that the couple have left the country.
人们相信那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
③It is_________(claim)that current levels of pesticide do not pose a threat to health.
据称当前杀虫剂的含量不会对健康构成威胁。
④_______has been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
据报道,在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号.
Unit 5
1.apply…to …把…运用于… 2.make a getaway 逃跑；逃走
3.test the waters 试水；试探 4.the unknown 不为人知的地方；人类尚未到达的地方
5.throw oneself into 积极投入…中去 6.look into 调查（问题）
7.continue to do 继续做… 8.beyond the reach of 超出…的能力
9.all the more 更加 10.run for one’s life 逃命
11.steer clear of 避开…;从…处脱身 12.think twice再三考虑；慎重考虑
13.correspond to 相当于;与…相符 14.be equivalent to 等同于
15.fall into ruin（因无人照料而）衰落；败落 16.check out 调查；检查
17.set out 动身踏上（漫长的）旅途 18.shrink from 避免做；不愿做
19.set sail 起航 20.hold a record 保持记录
21.on top of 在…之上；除…以外 22.at one’s peak某人的
23.be surrounded by 被…围绕 24.be buried with沉思；专心于；被埋葬在…
25.abandon oneself to沉溺于 26.an expansion of扩大
27.work out 弄清楚；算出；解决 28.date back to 追溯到
29.think twice再三考虑；重新考虑 30.consider one’s options考虑；认为；把…当做
31.offer a window into 提供了解…的一扇窗 32.beyond the reach of 在…伸手够不到的地方；超出…的能力范围
33.final frontier 最后的边疆
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