Unit 8 Is there a post office near here? 知识点 2023-2024学年人教版英语七年级下册

人教版七下Unit 8 Is there a post office near here 单元知识梳理
【Useful expressions】
post office 邮局
police station 警察局
pay phone 付费电话
across from ...在…对面
in front of 在…...前面
next to...靠近......
between…and… 在......和......之间
on the street 在街上
in town 在镇上
be far from… 离......很远
go/walk along... 沿着......走
take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
on the/one's left 在(…的)左边
on the/one's right 在(…的)右边
turn right 向右转
turn left 向左转
spend time with sb.
spend…on sth 花费......在......上
spend…in doing sth 花费......做.....
pay for... 为…...付钱
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做… ...
enjoy oneself 玩的开心
go down/up ...沿着…...往下/上走
walk down/up... 沿着…...往下/上走
go shopping 去购物
play Chinese chess 下中国象棋
be good at… 擅长...
be free from… 免受…...打扰
watch sb doing sth 观看…...做…...
【Target sentences】
1.—Is there a hospital near here —Yes, there is.
2.—Where’s the hospital —It’s next to the police station.
3.There is a sofa in the sitting room.
4.There are 4 students in the class.
5.There isn’t any water in the bottle.
6.There is some cheese on the plate.
7.There is a lamp, a clock and some books on the desk.
8.—Is there a bank near here
—Yes, there is.It’s on Center Street.
9.—Are there any restaurants near here
—Yes, there’s one in front of the post office.
10.Go along Bridge Street and turn left when you see the library.
11.Turn right at the first crossing and the restaurant is on your left.
12.I love to watch the monkeys climbing around.
13.To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.
14.I often exercise at the park because I love the clean air and sunshine.
15.It is very quiet and I enjoy reading there.
【Language points】
1.police station
police n.警察
police是集合名词，表示复数意义，其前通常加定冠词the，作主语时谓语动词通常用复数形式。
The police are looking for the lost child.
2.Is there a hospital near here
“Is/Are there… ”意为“有……吗？”，是 “There is/are…”的一般疑问句形式。Be动词要与后面的主语保持一致，其肯定回答是 “Yes, there is/are.”, 否定回答是“No, there isn’t/aren’t”。
—Is there a museum near here
—Yes, there is.
—Are there any people in the meeting room
—No, there aren’t.
3.The pay phone is across from the library.
pay v.& n.付费
（1）pay在此处作不可数名词，意为“付费”。
pay phone意为“付费电话”。
I would like to work for you without pay.
There is a pay phone behind the library.
（2）pay还可作动词，意为“付费”。
常用结构: pay for sth.“为……付费”；pay…for sth.“付……买某物”。
Should museums be free or should people have to pay for a ticket
4.The pay phone is across from the library.
across adv.& prep.过；穿过
across既可作副词又可作介词，across from意为“在……对面”。
across作介词时，常与walk, go, run等动词搭配使用。
Our school is just across from the bank.
Alice stood up and ran across the field after the rabbit.
【易混辨析】across, over, cross 与through
You mustn’t go across the street when the traffic lights are red.
You mustn’t cross the street when the traffic lights are red.
He climbed over the mountains to get there.
The bird flew in through the window.
5.The pay phone is in front of the library.
in front of 在……前面
【易混辨析】in front of 与 in the front of
There is a cat in front of the car.
The driver is in the front of the car.
6.How can I help you
这是一句向他人伸出援手、主动提出帮助的客套话，可译作“需要我帮忙吗？”或“我可以帮您做些什么？”，常用于商店、饭店、旅馆、办事处等场合。类似句子还有：
7.Is there a bank around here
around prep.在……周围
around在此处作介词，意为“在……周围”。
We sat around the fire.我们围火而坐。
8.go along 沿着……走
along prep.沿着
along作介词，多与动词go, walk, run等连用。
go along意为“沿着……走”，相当于go down.
Let’s take a walk along the river after dinner, shall we
【拓展延伸】along还可作副词，意为“一道；一起”。
Come to the party and bring some friends along please.
9.Turn right at the first crossing and the restaurant is on your left…
（1）turn v.转向；翻turn作动词，意为“转向；翻”。
turn left表示“向左转”，turn right表示“向右转”。
turn的名词形式为turning，意为“转弯处”。
Please turn to Page 28.
Turn right at the second turning.
（2）left adv.向左边 n.左边
10.I like to spend time there on weekends.
spend v.花（时间、钱等）；度过
Friends are an important part of our lives.We spend time with them, have fun together and share our feelings .
【易混辨析】spend, cost, pay 与 take
11.I love to watch the monkeys climbing around.
watch sb./sth.doing sth. 看某人/某物在做某事
【拓展延伸】与watch的这一用法类似的词还有see, hear等。
She saw a boy come into the classroom.她看到一个男孩进教室了。
I saw the boys playing football on the playground.我看到男孩子们正在操场上踢足球。
He hears a dog barking.他听到狗在叫。
Did you hear him go out 你听到他出去了吗
12.It is very quiet and I enjoy reading there.
enjoy v.享受；喜爱;enjoy作动词，常见用法有：
(1) enjoy sth.享受某物（的乐趣）
I really enjoyed the weekend.
(2) enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
He enjoys staying with kids.他喜欢和孩子们待在一起。
(3) enjoy oneself 过得高兴，玩得愉快
Family members always get together to enjoy themselves on Mid-autumn Day.
13.To get to the park, you just have to cross Center Street.
（1）To get to the park 作目的状语，意为：要到那儿
（2）have to 不得不，必须，情态动词，有人称，数和时态的变化
We have to follow the school rules.
She has to finish the homework before watching TV.
14.I often exercise at the park because I love the clean air and sunshine.The best things in life are free!
(1) in life 意为“生活中，生命中”，此处为介词短语作后置定语，修饰The best things.
(2) free adj.免费的，还可意为“空闲的”，“自由的”
You don't have to pay the ticket,it's free.(免费的)
In my free(空闲的) time，I like travelling.
You are free(自由的) to ask me questions.
【Grammar Focus】
there be结构
1.语法概述:
there be结构表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”，其中的there没有实际意义，常弱读成/ /。be动词的单复数要与后面的名词保持一致。
2.there be结构的基本句型
3.there be结构的主谓一致
there be结构中的be动词要和其后的名词在数上保持一致。
(1)在there be 结构中，如果be动词后的主语为可数名词单数或不可数名词，be动词用is。
There is a man under the tree.
There is some milk in the bottle.
(2)如果be动词后的主语为可数名词复数，be动词用复数形式。
There are many trees in the park.
(3)如果be动词后面的主语为两个或两个以上的名词，be动词要和离它最近的那个名词在数上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
There is a ruler and two erasers on the desk.
There are two erasers and one ruler on the desk.
4.there be结构与have/has
There is a watch on my desk.在我书桌上有一块手表。（不一定是我的）
I have a watch.我有一块手表。（这块手表属于我）
【特别提醒】
there be结构不可与have/has同时使用，但有时可以互换。
树下有一只猫。
(×) There has a cat under the tree.
(√) There is a cat under the tree.
我们学校大约有2 000名学生。
There are about 2, 000 students in our school.
= Our school has about 2, 000 students.
问路与指路
常见的问路句式
Is there …near here 这附近有……吗？
Where is the … ……在哪里？
Do you know the way to … 你知道去……的路吗？
Which is the way to … 哪一条是去……的路？
How can I get to … 我怎样才能到达……？
Excuse me.Can/Could you please tell/show me how to get to…
劳驾，请告诉我/给我指一下怎样到达……好吗？
Excuse me.Can/Could you tell/show me the way to…
劳驾，你能告诉我/给我指一下去……的路吗？
常见的指路句式
It’s on ….Street/Road.它在……街/路。
It’s in front of/near/across from/ behind the…
它在……前面/附近/对面/后面。
Walk/Go along/down…Street/Road.沿着……街/路走。
Turn right/left at the …crossing.在第……个十字路口向右/左转。
Take the…turning on the right/left.在第……个转弯处向右/左转。
Take the No.…bus and get off at…
乘坐……路公共汽车，在……下车。
【Topic writing】
Dear Jim，
I'm so happy that you'll come to China.Welcome to visit my home！I'd like to tell you something about my home and our neighborhood.
I live in a quiet neighborhood.My home is on Center Street.There is a beautiful park between my home and a library.On weekends，I often exercise with my parents in the park.The library is my favorite place.I often read there and I really enjoy thetime.Across from my home there is a big supermarket.My mom shops ther every day.She can make delicious food for us.
You can get to my home easily.Just take the No.2 bus to the library，and my home is on its right.
Welcome to my home!
Yours，
Xiaoming