武汉市2024届高中毕业生四月调研考试 英语阅读详解评讲课件(共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
武汉市2024届高中毕业生四月调研考试
英语阅读详解
A
Must-read New Fiction Books
We all have a few tried-and-true fiction favorites, but there’s something special about a brand-new, hot-off-the-press novel. Whether it’s your favorite author’s new release or a new writer’s first work, great fiction books make the perfect escape from ordinary life. That’s why we’ve rounded up a list of the best new books released in February.
Age of Gold by Jerry Lapoor
Jerry Lapoor’s latest action-packed novel unfolds like a crazy movie. This thriller begins when a wealthy man’s car gets out of control. But when the dust settles, the rich man is nowhere to be found. How and to where does he disappear With an exciting plot that will carry you from old-money houses to small agricultural villages, Age of Gold will take you on an unforgettable ride across a vast land.
City Under One Sky by Rachel Young
In the book, Young presents a crime story set in a small town. Detective Sara Kennedy has been sent to investigate a case. But soon after arrival, Sara gets snowed in with the 205 townsfolk living in the same apartment building. Who is hiding the key to the crime And is there anyone she can truly trust The appealing story, strange but distinctive characters and unexpected plot are just a few of the reasons why City Under One Sky gains its popularity.
Lady by Jess George
Lady is an irresistible fiction from Jess George. The story of Mary’s fresh start at adulthood is shot through with themes of family, race and discrimination, womanhood and the immigrant reality of feeling torn between cultures. Though struggling with life in London as an African, Mary jumps at every chance to stand on her own feet.
21. What will impress the readers in Age of Gold
A. The thrilling plot. B. Traditional cultures.
C. The family conflict. D. Crazy characters.
22. What happens to Sara Kennedy in City Under One Sky
A. She is trapped in the snow. B. She is to investigate a case abroad.
C. She hides the key evidence. D. She has trouble discovering the truth.
23. Which is likely to be the main theme of Lady
A. Self-reliance. B. Gender equality.
C. Domestic violence. D. Cross-cultural communication.
语篇出处：https://www./list/best-fiction-books/
【语篇解读】主题语境：人与社会。这篇文章主要介绍了2月份发行的三本必读小说：Jerry Lapoor的《Age of Gold》，Rachel Young的《City Under One Sky》和Jess George的《Lady》。每本书都有独特的情节和吸引人的特点，分别以动作惊悚、犯罪推理和成长故事为主题。文章强调了新书的魅力，认为阅读它们是摆脱平淡生活的完美选择。
【答案解析】
21. A 细节理解题。小说《Age of Gold》讲述了由一个富人突然失踪的事件引出的一系列的悬疑和冒险故事。根据第二段最后一句可知，《Age of Gold》令人兴奋的故事情节将把你从富人居住区带到小农业村庄，让你在广阔的土地上度过一段难忘的旅程。小说的情节跌宕起伏，充满了紧张而又惊险的情节转折，故刺激的情节是《Age of Gold》中最能给读者留下深刻印象的元素。
22. D 推理判断题。在《City Under One Sky》中，Sara Kennedy 是一位被派去调查案件的侦探。根据第三段第三、四、五句，在到达后不久，Sara就和住在同一栋公寓楼里的205个小镇居民被大雪困在了一起。是谁隐藏了犯罪的关键信息 还有她能真正信任的人吗 由此可知，在故事中，她发现自己面临着种种困难，碰到了许多谜团和疑点，并且遭遇了一系列复杂的情况，故她在找到案件真相的道路上遇到了诸多困难。
23. A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句，Mary成年后重新开始的故事囊括了家庭、种族歧视、女性文化以及在不同文化之间感到撕裂的移民现实等主题。作为一个生活在伦敦的非洲人，Mary努力抓住每一个自立的机会。由此可知，小说《Lady》描述了主人公 Mary 作为非洲移民在伦敦所面临的挑战和困境，她努力适应新的环境，并试图摆脱家庭、种族、性别和文化的限制。故自力更生更符合小说《Lady》的主题。
B
By the late 1960s, abstract painter Harold Cohen had represented Britain at important festivals with his oil paintings and was seeking a new challenge. “Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,” he thought. Cohen turned from the canvas (画布) to the screen, using computers to find new ways of creating art. In the late 1960s, he created a program that he named Aaron. It was the first artificial intelligence software in the world of fine art, and Cohen first presented Aaron in 1974 at the University of California, Berkeley. Aaron’s work has since graced museums from the Tate Gallery in London to the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
Now, with AI dominating the headlines, a new exhibition at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art, “Harold Cohen: Aaron,” running through June 2024, draws attention to Cohen’s pioneering work. The Whitney is offering something deeper than most previous Aaron exhibits: a real-time experience, in which visitors can watch the software produce art.
Cohen seeded Aaron with all sorts of knowledge: about basic objects, physics, and fundamental techniques of drawing. Aaron uses this knowledge to follow instructions, complete tasks, and make decisions like human beings -- a very different approach from today’s generative AI art programs, which don’t draw from scratch (从头开始) but rather rely on databases of images. Versions of Aaron still generate output, but anything done after Cohen’s death in 2016 is not considered genuine.
The Whitney is showcasing two versions of Cohen’s software, along with the art that each produced before Cohen died. The 2001 version, Aaron KCAT, generates images of figures and plants and projects them onto a wall more than ten feet high, while the 2007 version produces jungle-like scenes. The software will also create art physically, on paper, for the first time since the 1990s. “It is absolutely thrilling,” said Christiane Paul, the museum’s director of digital art, “to have one of those remarkable treasures of digital art in the collection.”
24. What was Aaron born out of
A. Harold’s curiosity. B. The museum’s donation.
C. Cohen’s imagination. D. The university’s support.
25. What makes Aaron different from modern AI art programs
A. Its ability to assign tasks.
B. Its use of modern techniques.
C. Its capability to make choices.
D. Its dependence on existing database.
26. What can visitors do in the “Harold Cohen: Aaron” exhibition
A. See the original 1960s version of Aaron.
B. Generate images with the help of Aaron.
C. Learn about the physical rules in art.
D. Observe Aaron creating art on the spot.
27. What is the text mainly about
A. The masterpieces of digital art.
B. A new show of the art world’s first AI.
C. The latest technologies in the Whitney.
D. Harold Cohen’s impact on generative AI.
语篇出处：https://www./index.php/infinite-variety-harold-cohen-and-cybernetics-in-the-1960s-refactoring-gazelli-art-house-london
【语篇解读】主题语境：人与社会。这篇文章主要介绍了抽象画家哈罗德·科恩（ Harold Cohen ）在20世纪60年代末开始使用计算机创作艺术，并创建了世界上第一个艺术领域的人工智能软件——Aaron。随着人工智能在艺术领域的影响日益显现，纽约惠特尼美国艺术博物馆举办了以“Harold Cohen: Aaron”为主题的展览，突出了科恩的开拓性工作。惠特尼博物馆展示了科恩软件的两个版本以及它们在科恩去世前所创作的艺术作品。
【答案解析】
24. A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段前三句内容可知，在20世纪60年代末，Cohen寻求新的挑战，“也许我的工作室外面发生的事情比里面的更有趣，”他想。Cohen从画布转向电子屏幕，开始利用电脑寻找新的艺术创作方式。由此可知，他的好奇心驱使他寻找新的挑战和创作方式。故Aaron 是由Cohen的好奇心所激发和诞生的。
25. C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和第二句内容，Aaron 被注入了各种知识，包括基本物体、物理知识和绘画的基本技巧，这使得它能够像人类一样遵循指令、完成任务和做出决策。而现代的AI程序通常只能依赖于现有的图像数据库，无法像Aaron那样从头开始创作。
26. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，在“Harold Cohen: Aaron”展览中，参观者可以观看软件创作艺术作品的实时过程。这个展览为观众提供了一个实时体验的机会，他们可以亲眼见证Aaron软件创作艺术的过程，而不仅仅是欣赏已经完成的作品。
27. B 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一场名为“Harold Cohen: Aaron”的新展览，在纽约惠特尼美国艺术博物馆举办。这个展览旨在向公众展示Harold Cohen创作的艺术软件Aaron，以及Aaron在艺术领域的开创性作用。因此，文章介绍的是关于艺术界首个AI的新展览。
C
Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating, including paying to have their names added to a paper.
The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices. It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor,job promotions, and salary bonuses. And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers that a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct,including72 listed on the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru.
The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior. Dishonest publishing practices “transcend mere moral misbehavior” because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth, says Edward Málaga Trillo,a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills, which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year.“These individuals are operating academic cheating.”
Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause, some researchers say, is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example, under a scoring system used by universities, researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal, and two points when the journal is lower impact. Amassing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion.
Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious, notes Nahuel Monteblanco, president of Cientificos. pe, a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct. Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject. “If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries, that’s highly suspect,” Monteblanco says.
28. What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating
A. Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty.
B. Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry.
C. Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct.
D. Withdrawing government fund from 14 universities.
29. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “transcend” in paragraph 3
A. Change. B. Strengthen.
C. Go beyond. D. Approve of.
30. What do we know about the 2014 law in Peru
A. It advocated a fair scoring system.
B. It applied to high-impact journals.
C. It led to an increase in false authorship.
D. It aimed to punish dishonest publishing.
31. The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with_______.
A. career promotion B. consistent research focus
C. few citations by Punto Final D. co-authors from various countries
语篇出处：https://www.science.org/content/article/peru-moves-crack-down-scientific-fraudsters
【语篇解读】主题语境：人与社会。文章主要讲述了秘鲁准备通过新法律，以便更容易地调查和惩罚从事学术作弊行为的研究人员，包括付钱让自己的名字出现在论文上的行为。这一举措是秘鲁国家科学机构试图打击购买作者身份以及其他不诚实行为的一部分。文章指出，新法律将赋予大学和政府官员对这种行为进行惩罚的权力，并引用了国会成员 Edward Málaga Trillo 的观点，指出不诚实的出版行为“超越了单纯的道德失范”，因为它们使研究人员能够在不讲真相的情况下获得政府和私人资金。
【答案解析】
28. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句可知，根据文章第二段第二句可知，秘鲁最近采取的行动是将两名被指控发表不诚实文章的科学家从国家登记处除名。这一举动旨在打击作者购买等学术作弊行为。故选B。
29. C 词义推测题。根据文章第三段第二句可知，Edward Málaga Trillo 谈到不诚实的出版行为“……单纯的道德失范”，因为它们使研究人员能够在不说实话的情况下获得政府和私人资金。故可猜测，他认为这些不诚实的出版行为远不止道德不端，即超出了道德不端的范畴。因此，选项 C（超越）最接近transcend 的含义。
30. C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一、二句和最后一句可知，秘鲁学术界一直在与不断上升的虚假作者身份和相关问题作斗争，秘鲁2014年的一项法律就是虚假作者身份不断上升的一个原因，它旨在鼓励研究，并通过奖励提高研究人员的论文发表量来实现这一目标。研究人员可以根据其发表的文章数量积分，从而获得奖金和职业晋升机会。由此可推知，研究人员为了获得奖励和提升职业地位，可能会参与制造虚假作者，从而导致虚假作者身份这一问题增多。
31. D 细节理解题。文章最后一段提到，存在虚假作者的迹象包括一篇论文有许多来自不同国家的共同作者，而这些作者之前在同一主题上几乎没有发表过论文。因此，如果一个研究人员经常与来自不同国家的作者合著多篇文章，而这些作者之前在同一主题上几乎没有发表过论文，那么这个研究人员可能会引起最大的怀疑。
D
Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers: today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged—in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils.
Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change(directional selection).
But a study published in the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,” says the study’s lead author, James Stroud.
Stroud and his colleagues studied four lizard (蜥蜴) species, all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabilizing selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better.
The study offers “a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabilizing selection,” says Tadashi Fukami, an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University. Many new qualities are evolving in the short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards.
32. Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1
A. To demonstrate the power of evolution.
B. To add evidence to natural selection.
C. To give an example of unchanged species.
D. To prove species’extraordinary makeovers.
33. What’s the focus of paragraph 2
A. Unsolved mysteries. B. A common belief.
C. A sharp contrast. D. Unique characteristics.
34. How did Stroud conduct his research
A. By analyzing lizard fossils.
B. By tracking research objects.
C. By illustrating stabilizing selection.
D. By categorizing qualities of lizards.
35. What will Stroud probably do in the future
A. Make trips to visit lizard experts.
B. Summarize average features of lizards.
C. Reveal the best combinations of qualities.
D. Examine lizards under extreme conditions.
语篇出处： https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/living-fossil-lizards-are-constantly-evolving-you-just-cant-see-it/
【语篇解读】主题语境：人与自然。这篇文章主要讨论了一些生物物种在长期演化过程中看似没有改变的原因。一些生物，如骨鱼，几乎与其4.1亿年前的化石相同。科学家长期以来一直认为这些物种之所以没有改变，是因为自然选择选择了中等或平均的特征而不是选择更极端的特征。然而，一项发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究对这一观点提出了质疑，指出进化实际上在短期内不断地推动这些物种发展出不同的特质，以提高其生存能力。然而，在长期内，这些不同的特质会互相抵消，导致物种整体上没有改变。文章最后指出，那些看似未经演化改变的物种可能已经找到了在其环境中获得持久成功的最佳特征组合。
【答案解析】
32. C 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，尽管今天的空中鸟类从数百万年前的无翼、行走于地面的恐龙进化而来，但有些生物似乎保持不变，逃避了自然选择的影响。而“腔棘鱼”是一个现代鱼类，几乎与其4.1亿年前的化石相同。因此，作者提到“腔棘鱼”是为了举例说明一些物种在长时间内似乎没有发生变化，即选项 C。
33. B 主旨大意题。主旨大意题。文章第二段讲述了长期以来，科学家们一直认为一些物种之所以没有改变，是因为自然选择选择了中等或一般的特征而不是选择更极端的特征。因此，这一段主要讨论了科学界对于未经改变的物种的普遍看法。
34. B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段前三句可知，Stroud 和他的同事研究了四种蜥蜴物种，这些蜥蜴在过去2000万年来基本没有改变。在接下来的三年里，研究人员每隔六个月捕捉一次这些物种的成员，并测量每只蜥蜴的头部大小、腿部长度、质量、高度以及它们脚趾的大小，并记录哪些个体存活下来。因此， Stroud 是通过跟踪研究对象来进行他的研究的。
35. D 推理判断题。由文章最后两句话“那么蜥蜴的生存环境发生更大的变化时会发生什么？为了帮助回答这个更大的问题，Stroud 仍在进行走访观察蜥蜴”可以推测， Stroud 可能会在不同环境条件下甚至是极端条件下观察蜥蜴的行为和适应能力。