时文阅读之世界杯
“世界杯”的全名叫“国际足联世界杯”，其英文全称是International Federation of Association Football。2022年卡塔尔世界杯（英语：FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022）是第二十二届世界杯足球赛，是历史上首次在卡塔尔和中东国家境内举行、也是第二次在亚洲举行的世界杯足球赛。除此之外，卡塔尔世界杯还是首次在北半球冬季举行、首次由从未进过世界杯的国家举办的世界杯足球赛。按照惯例，主办国卡塔尔自动获得参赛资格。
国际足联和卡塔尔公布了2022卡塔尔世界杯足球赛的吉祥物——La’eeb, 中文名是“拉伊卜”，它在阿拉伯语中的意思是“技艺高超的球员”(super-skilled player)，寓意是鼓励所有人相信自己，它将带领人们享受足球带来的乐趣。
赛制和规则
host country/nation 东道主，主办国
opening ceremony 开幕式
qualification 资格赛
group match/group phase 小组赛阶段
eighth-final 1/8决赛
quarter-final 1/4决赛
semi-final 半决赛
third and fourth final 3/4决赛
final 决赛
goalkeeper 守门员
Adidas Gold Boot 世界杯金靴奖
亚军: runner-up
吉祥物 : mascot
赛程: schedule
中场休息: half time interval
加时赛 : extra-time
伤停补时: injury time
掌握比赛节奏: set the pace
控救技术: ball playing skill
规则: rule
传球: pass the ball
接球: take a pass
拦截球: intercept
the group of death 死亡之组
在这一阶段，人们经常用“死亡之组”这个词来指代那些强队集中的小组。
hat trick 帽子戏法
在足球比赛中，如果一名队员在点球大战以外的时候，连续三次进球得分(get three consecutive scores)，那他就上演了一场“帽子戏法”。
own goal 乌龙球
“乌龙球”又名“杀人球”，最早源于英语的“OWN GOAL”一词，意为“自进本方球门的球”，后来中国球迷根据这个单词的发音，将其称为“乌龙球”。在粤语中，“乌龙”有“阴差阳错”的意思，且听上去与 own 发音相似，所以在上世纪六、七十年代，香港记者就开始将其翻译为“乌龙球”, 该表达后来慢慢推广，也有了引申义，指的是“影响本身利益的错误行为”。
last-gasp goal 绝杀球
绝杀球是指在比赛的最后时刻攻破对方球门。last-gasp形象地描绘出了“最后一搏”的紧张激烈状态。
penalty kick 点球
点球，也可称为spot kick，依靠点球所得的进球就称为penalty goal。由于点球是一对一的比赛，所以有一种说法认为我们平时说的PK就是penalty kick的缩写。
2022年卡塔尔世界杯大使——加尼姆·阿尔·穆夫塔
Ghanim’s birth
Ghanim Al-Muftah was born on May 5-2002. He was born with a rare condition known as Caudal Regression Syndrome (CRS). However, rather than allowing the condition to stunt (阻碍) his life, he has learned to overcome obstacles with positivity and leadership, and this is what makes him an exceptional and inspiring character.
He is currently pursuing his university degree, majoring in political sciences with an overarching (首要的) goal of becoming a diplomat (外交官). Despite his disability, Ghanim enjoys participating in extreme sports such as scuba diving (潜水), skateboarding, and rock climbing.
Caudal Regression Syndrome causes its patients to be born without the lower half of the body. This is the case with Ghanim. Naturally, one would expect him to use a wheelchair, but he insists on moving around on his hands because he believes that he should make use of everything with which he is blessed rather than focus on what he doesn’t have.
Ghanim to be aborted!
Prior to Ghanim’s birth, many people had suggested that his mother abort (使流产) him – as they believed it would save him and his mother from the suffering that this disability would bring upon them. Courageously, Ghanim’s parents decided not to go ahead with it and they agreed to be there to help him at all times – “I will be his left leg and you will be his right leg”.
Start point to inspirational academic journey
Whilst Ghanim was growing up, he found it difficult to attend school initially because of teasing and bullying (欺侮) from his classmates. Nevertheless, his mom encouraged him to speak to these classmates, teach them about his condition, and raise awareness for the community. Ghanim has gone further at embracing his condition.
With his infectious (有感染力的) smile, impeccable (完美的) self-confidence, and his witty personality, he has become a social media sensation (引起轰动的人)—with over three million followers across social platforms.
Ghanim conquering obstacles
Ghanim has overcome all kinds of thought-provoking (发人深省的) difficulties in his life, yet, there is still one issue Ghanim must continually deal with—extensive (大量的) medical interventions and surgery.
Despite these routine medical interventions, he knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions. It is this exemplary (可作榜样的) take and stance (态度) of life that have earned him the love, respect, and admiration of millions of people in Qatar and across the globe.
Awards and Recognition
The accolades (荣誉) Ghanim has collected over the years at his young age are inspirational and a true testament of his grit (勇气) and commitment to success. He credits many people for his success, notably his family and his homeland Qatar.
Astonishingly, he continues to break his own personal records and fulfills (实现) his charitable (慈善事业的) callings wholeheartedly. Ghanim has high goals for himself and looks forward to overcoming all the obstacles that he will encounter on his path to success.
语法填空
Over the last few days, fans from around the world 1. ________ （gather） in squares in downtown Doha to sing, chant and wave their national flags, creating a fantastic atmosphere. That festival spirit continued till the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the first to be held in the Middle East, kicked off 29 days of action on Sunday.
Considered the most popular single-sport event on the planet, the tournament will see the world's top 32 teams, drawn into eight four-side groups, play first in the round-robin group phase before the knockout（淘汰赛） stage to compete 2. the trophy（奖杯） last won by France at the 2018 edition in Russia.
Even without a home team 3. （cheer） for—Team China failed to qualify for the Cup finals for the 4. （five）consecutive（连续的） time, Chinese fans and enterprises remain 5. （enthusiasm）about the Qatar World Cup. Broadcast viewership is expected to reach new heights thanks to the favorable time difference, 6. allows the audience in China to watch most of the games in prime hours. Even with international travel still 7. challenge due to the COVID-19 pandemic, at least 7,000 tickets for the tournament had been sold to Chinese fans by mid-October, said Mohamed Al-Dehaimi, Qatari ambassador to China, during a recent interview with Global Times.
Support from China has also come in a more concrete way, with most of the tournament's stadiums, its official transportation system and its accommodation facilities featuring contributions from Chinese 8. （build）and providers.
Chinese enterprises, 9. （lead）by four official FIFA sponsors—Wanda Group, Hisense Group, smartphone manufacturer Vivo and dairy brand Mengniu—have provided more sponsorship revenue for the host panies from any other nation, with nearly $1.4 billion in total investment, according to Global Data. After all, to be connected with the World Cup is still considered the most direct way to sell their brands and products in the international market when the occasion only happens once every four years.
(2019北京卷)
Much of the work in today's world is accomplished in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ____36____ Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent
____37____ They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate their actions. ____38____ In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, "There is no I in TEAM." ____39____
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war (拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
____40____ An A-team may require a balance---not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
2016年天津真题（有改动）
The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful.
Cathy suffered some terrible 1 in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she 2 became healthy.
Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to 3 our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally made it. However, the team practice was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly 4 her first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to 5 her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit 6 to go! I told her she shouldn't swim after a whole night's coughing, but she refused to 7 and insisted to go.
From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn't 8 a single practice. She had a
9 intention within herself to be the best she could be. There were moments of 10 of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn't a 11 —ever. But that didn't stop her from trying. From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn't miss a single practice.
Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to 12 her friends and praise their accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach announcing, “The highest honor goes to Cathy!” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her 13 and enthusiasm. 14 skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset (财富) one can hold is the heart.”
It was the greatest moment of my daughter's life. With all she had been 15 in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph (成功).
1. A. failure B. pressure C. loss D. illness
2. A. usually B. finally C. firstly D. frequently
3. A. improve B. train C. join D. contact
4. A. use B. survive C. save D. waste
5. A. pull B. tell C. hide D. fire
6. A. afraid B. nervous C. ready D. free
7. A. take off B. set off C. give up D. show up
8. A. attend B. miss C. ban D. start
9. A. rich B. weak C. firm D. kind
10. A. frustration B. delight C. excitement D. surprise
11. A. beginner B. learner C. partner D. winner
12. A. cheer on B. compete with C. respond to D. run after
13. A. humor B. will C. honesty D. wisdom
14. A. Although B. Since C. Once D. Because
15. A. through B. under C. across D. around【答案核对】
1.have gathered 2. for 3. to cheer 4. fifth 5. enthusiastic
6. which 7. a 8. builders 9. led 10. than
BEGDF
1-5 DBCBA；6-10 CCBCA；11-15 DABAA
