2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟训练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟训练（含解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-06 20:12:31 | ||
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Passage 1
The 2023 Azbees Open for Entries
About the Azbee Awards
ASBPE’s 45th annual Azbee Awards of Excellence competition is now open for submissions from Jan. 1, 2023 through Mar. 31, 2023 at 3 pm.
These highly competitive editorial and design awards celebrate the highest quality reporting, editing and design in business-to-business, trade, association and professional publications across all platforms, including magazines, newspapers, e-newsletters, websites and social media.
The top entries nationwide receive national awards across 63 categories, from our All Content, Design, Online, Print and Overall Excellence divisions. Entries also compete against others in their own regions for regional awards.
Entry Fees
Entry Requirements
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. To enter the Azbee Awards of Excellence, you’ll need the following information. If you plan to submit multiple entries, we highly recommend preparing these items in advance for all submissions to save time during the entry process.
Your contact information.
Division and category for the entry.
Region for the entry.
Essay: No more than 250 words that discuss the work that went into the entry and its significance to readers.
For online entries: Direct URLs to access the entry, and username and password, if your website requires sign-in to view content. PDF entry files for print entries.
1When was the first Azbee Awards of Excellence held
A.In 1979. B.In 1988. C.In 2012. D.In 2023.
2How much should you pay at least to submit an entry as a non-member
A.$140. B.$160. C.$170. D.$190.
3Which of the following will result in disqualification
A.Submitting contact information. B.Sending entries before the deadline.
C.An essay of three hundred words. D.An online entry with a username.
Passage 2
It was around 11:30 p.m. Corion Evans was hanging out with his friends near the Pascagoula River in July when a car with three girls inside fell into it. It came to a stop some 20 feet from land, and then sank. The driver had blindly followed her GPS.
Evans and his friends got to the river's edge. In the darkness, they could barely make out the girls holding on to the roof, the only part of the car still above water. But they could hear screaming. Evans pulled off his shirt and shoes, and then dived into the water, a river he knew alligators(短吻鳄) call home. He helped the first girl he saw, keeping her head above water and leading her ashore.
Just then, a man called out. Police Officer Garry Mercer arrived. He dived into the river to help another of the girls. But halfway back to shore, the girl had run out of her strength and went underwater, pulling Mercer down with her. Evans jumped back into the water and helped them until they could stand. "If he hadn’t been there, who knows " Mercer said.
There was still one girl in the water, Cora Watson, who could not swim. She was struggling to keep herself floating(浮) on the water, scared. "I thought there was little hope that I would survive. I just knew my last breath was coming at that time," Watson said. "My mind said ‘You’re slowly losing yourself.’" She began to go under. Then, a touch. "Evans had caught me."
The three girls and Officer Mercer were taken to the hospital and soon they were discharged. After knowing Evans’act, his mother, Marquita Evans, said, "Corion Evans broke his curfew(晚间必须回家的时间). But I was not mad. He had a good reason. And he did really well."
1What caused the girls to fall into the river
A.The poor driving skills.
B.The sudden appearance of passers-by.
C.The bad road conditions.
D.The misdirection from the guidance system.
2What difficulty did Mercer have helping the second girl
A.He ran out of his strength. B.The girl was too tired to swim.
C.He met an alligator in the river. D.The girl was unwilling to cooperate.
3How did Evans’mother feel in the end
A.Concerned. B.Proud. C.Upset. D.Relieved.
4What is the text mainly about
A.A warmhearted stranger.
B.An unexpected experience.
C.A midnight rescue in a river.
D.An excuse for breaking the curfew.
Passage 3
In Grytviken in the South Atlantic lies the South Georgia Museum, one of the most remote museums in the world.
South Georgia Museum is located in Grytviken’s old whaling station. Whaling, or the hunting of whales for their usable natural products, such as meat and oil, ceased there in 1964.The building that now houses the museum once served as the whaling manager’s home and office and was left unused for over 20 years before it opened to the public as a museum in 1992.
There are no passenger flights to or from Grytviken, so the majority of visitors arrive on a ship. The island itself only sees about 10,000 visitors a year and there are no permanent residents, only a group of 20 scientists, maintenance staff, and museum workers who brave the island's cold weather conditions. Traveling to the museum requires advance planning. South Georgia Museum staff all travel to the island from abroad for the southern hemisphere(半球)spring,or mid-October, and most come from the United Kingdom,around 8,000 miles north.
The museum, which offers free admission, "aims to make this history and heritage accessible both to the visiting public and to those unable to visit this remote region through education, exhibitions and outreach", according to its website. It houses a natural history collection, artifacts, exhibitions related to the early history of sealing and whaling as well as Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, and more. The museum rooms are named after individuals who contributed to the growth or conservation of the island in some way.
The temperature is ideal for visitors from October through December, but still, daytime highs don’t often reach above 40 degrees Fahrenheit. For those who work there, Internet access is patchy and fresh food options are rare. It’s not a place for everyone, but for the staff that call it home for parts of the year, it’s a unique form of paradise. "Stepping away from the world has been a treat," said Pierce, one of the staff.
1What can we learn about the South Georgia Museum
A.It is accessible to visitors by air. B.It opened to the public in 1964.
B.It has 20 maintenance workers. D.It used to be a whaling station.
2Who are the rooms of the museum named after
A.Managers of the whaling station.
B.Adventurers exploring the Antarctic.
C.Those who made contributions to the island.
D.Individuals who conserved whales from extinction.
3What does the underlined word "patchy" mean in the last paragraph
A.Poor. B.Easy. C.Free. D.Quick.
4In which column of a website can we find this text
A.Animals. B.People. C.Travel. D.News.
Passage 4
The discovery of a special red purse has offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio. In 2019, a caretaker at North Canton Middle School was repairing lockers when he discovered a purse jammed behind a piece of metal. Although the purse was dusty and dirty, its contents were well preserved. They belonged to Patti Rumfola who lost the purse in 1957 when she was a teenager attending what was then Hoover High School.
The things found in the bag tell the story of a teenager who got involved in her community and did lots of practical things, was organized, and loved her family. Among the things found were her American Junior Red Cross card, tickets, wheat pennies, pens, a pocket calendar, and photos of her friends and family.
Once the school determined Rumfola was the rightful owner, they contacted the North Canton Alumni Association in hopes of returning it to her. The organization figured out that Rumfola had graduated from Hoover High School in 1960. Unfortunately, Rumfola passed away in 2013 at the age of 71 in DuBois, Pennsylvania, so she’ll never get to see these things from the past.
But she lived a full life. According to her life story, she was a retired school teacher who worked in Annapolis, Maryland. And as in her youth, she continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found the Theatre Arts Guild and the Young Women’s Club in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. Rumfola was also a costume designer with the Reitz Theatre who enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren.
Because the school could not return Rumfola’s purse to her, they reached out to her grown children. Rumfola’s five children were together for a family gathering where they opened the purse to have a glimpse(短暂的体验) into their mother’s life at Hoover High School. Each of her five children kept one of the wheat pennies as a remembrance of their mom.
1Why does the author regard the red purse as special
A.It was in perfect condition. B.It had a moving story.
C.It belonged to a special student. D.It became a time capsule.
2Which of the following words can best describe Patti Rumfola
A.Devoted and helpful. B.Creative and ambitious.
C.Intelligent and easy-going. D.Curious and hard-working.
3What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Rumfola’s career choices. B.Rumfola’s life experiences.
C.Rumfola’s main attainments. D.Rumfola’s family commitments.
4What can be inferred about North Canton Middle School
A.It was founded in the 1950s. B.It offers design courses to students.
C.It cares about its previous graduates. D.It kept a wheat penny as a remembrance.
Passage 5
Each April Thais celebrate their Thai New Year with a great water fight on the streets. People throw water at everyone passing by and even block the road so they can enter buses and "paint the faces" of all the passengers. But there are a few people who don’t wish to participate in the fun. When I first experienced this celebration, I was one of them.
The first time our bus was stopped, 4 people coming into the bus intended to paint everyone’s face. I slowly shook my head to say "No, thank you", but a man came from behind me and quickly painted my face. Then the other three felt inspired and added a little more "paint" to my face. I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did, they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack, which would damage whatever was inside.
Even though it happened only once, emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless. The experience caused me to think a lot about respect and moral autonomy or individual judgment vs "permission" from the authorities. On this day, people of Thailand, including the police, give "permission" for these activities. So what about respect for the individual If someone does not want to be painted, is it OK to do it anyhow because the majority is having a good time and sincerely believes it is harmless fun, or because the police allow it
In my opinion, if someone does not want to have something done to them, then you’re supposed to respect their decision. You can't rely on the authorities or some group to tell you if something is right or wrong or if you should or shouldn’t do something. I believe this is a much healthier way of living with one another in this world.
1How does the author introduce the topic
A.By raising a question. B.By making an assumption.
C.By providing a comparison. D.By supporting a celebration.
2Why did the author inactively resist being "painted"
A.He was afraid of causing conflict.
B.He wanted to protect things in his backpack.
C.The activity got official permission.
D.The majority was in favor of the behavior.
3What did the author think of the experience
A.It was unpleasant. B.It was invaluable.
C.It was informative. D.It was acceptable.
4What is mainly conveyed in the last paragraph
A.Do as you would be done by.
B.Fear always springs from ignorance.
C.When in Rome do as the Romans do.
D.Respect matters in interpersonal relationship.
Passage 6
For years, we’ve been told that self-driving cars are just approaching. But it’s time to accept the truth, said Darrell Etherington on TechCrunch: they "aren’t going to happen" in our lifetimes.
I’ve long been excited about the potential of this technology, but my remaining optimism left me finally last month when Ford and Volkswagen announced that they were stopping running Argo AI, their autonomous driving tech joint firm. Argo was considered a leader in the field. But Ford feels that "producing profitable, fully autonomous vehicles on a large scale(规模) is a long way off", and it could no longer stomach the increasing costs. This is just the latest setback.
True, General Motors is making progress in trialling driverless vehicles on the roads, but only on a small scale.Tesla is pushing ahead with its self-driving technology, but its ambitions can be limited by an investigation that is looking into some accidents involving its "Autopilot" system. Some of the firmest believers in self-driving technology have turned nonbelievers. State-of-the-art robot cars still "struggle" with construction sites, road blocks, and sometimes even simple left turns.
I recently took a ride in a self-driving taxi in the city of Chandler, Arizona. There was an undeniable horror-movie aspect to sitting in the back of a vehicle and watching the steering wheel turn autonomously. To my relief, it slowed when other vehicles behaved improperly. I was just about to feel relaxed and text a coworker when the taxi came to a sudden stop at one point. A truck stopped in front of us and wanted to go backwards in order to take a missed turning. Unclear about what to do next, the taxi "chirped(吱吱叫) to call a human specialist to solve the situation". Fortunately, the truck driver decided to drive on and we continued our way. My driverless experience made me believe this technology may never be possible to make passengers relaxed when they are in a driverless vehicle. Even so, I won’t undervalue the technological advances that have been made—after all, who knows what the future will look like.
1What do Darrell Etherington’s words indicate about self-driving cars
A.They are around the corner. B.They are an impossible dream.
C.They approach us unavoidably. D.They affect our way of travelling.
2Why did the author feel hopeless last month
A.Autonomous vehicles were expensive. B.Argo AI had little potential.
C.A self-driving firm would be closed. D.Self-driving technology was limited.
3What does the author intend to show in paragraph 3
A.Different opinions on driverless cars. B.Accidents linked to self-driving systems.
C.The progress in making driverless vehicles. D.The present state of self-driving technology.
4What happened during the author’s self-driving ride
A.He felt nervous all the way. B.The taxi took a wrong turn.
C.A human specialist came to help. D.A truck crashed into the taxi.
【解析】 本文是第45届年度Azbee优秀奖参赛通知。
1.A 理解具体信息(数字计算) 根据About the Azbee Awards部分中的"ASBPE’s 45th annual Azbee Awards of Excellence competition is now open for submissions from Jan.1, 2023 through Mar.31, 2023 at 3 pm"可知,Azbee优秀奖每年举行一次,2023年为第45届,故推算出第一届是1979年举行的,故A项正确。
【技巧点拨】
识别数据巧解数字计算题
针对数字计算题,首先,明确题干中的条件,弄清题干问的是什么;其次快速定位到文章中的相
关内容,找到与它相对应的数据;然后对它们进一步分析,弄清各数据间的逻辑关系,结合题干确定所需数据与计算方法,计算出正确答案。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据Entry Fees表格中的Non-members一栏中的信息可知,非会员参赛提交本人作品至少应该支付160美元,故B项正确。
【技巧点拨】
题干定位快解直接信息题
第一步,阅读题干,找到关键词,明确答题方向;
第二步,运用查读技巧(先读题,带着问题快速阅读)找到相关词语或句子;
第三步,比较选项和原文信息,锁定正确答案。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据Entry Requirements中的"Essay: No more than 250 words that discuss the work that went into the entry and its significance to readers"可知,文章被要求不超过250词,因此一篇300词的文章会导致取消资格,故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词: submission n. 提交;呈递;提交(或呈递)的文件、建议等 disqualification n. 取消资格
核心短语:in advance 预先;事先
【解析】 本文讲述了Corion Evans和朋友晚上在河边闲逛时遇到一辆车落水,他和随后赶来的警察救了三个落水女孩儿的故事。
1.D 理解具体信息 明题意:本题问的是"什么导致女孩们掉进了河里 "→寻线索:根据第一段中的"the Pascagoula River in July... The driver had blindly followed her GPS"可知,女孩们是因为盲目按照GPS提供的错误路线开车才掉进了河里→定答案:A项"糟糕的车技";B项"路人的突然出现";C项"糟糕的路况";D项"导航系统引错了路"。故选D。
2.B 理解具体信息 各选项分析如下:
3.B 推断 根据最后一段中Corion Evans妈妈所说的话可知,她并没有因为Corion Evans回家晚了而生气,因为他有充分的理由——他去救人了,而且妈妈觉得Corion Evans做得很好。因此妈妈应是为他感到骄傲的。故选B。
4.C 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 通读全文可知,本文主要围绕一次午夜在河中的营救展开。故选C。
【易错点拨】
以偏概全——虽然Corion Evans在营救过程中发挥了重要作用,文章中也有很多对其英勇行为的着重描写,但文章中还描写了警察Mercer的表现、被救女孩当时的感想等,主要还是围绕营救落水女孩的经过展开,因此A项错误。
【二次精读】
词汇积累:come to a stop停止,停下来 make sb./sth. out看清,听清,分清,辨认清楚 ashore adv.在岸上,向岸上
【解析】 该文介绍了南乔治亚博物馆,文章就博物馆所处的地理位置、气候、开放目的以及工作人员的生活等进行了介绍。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"South Georgia Museum is located in Grytviken’s old whaling station"和"The building that now...for over 20 years"可知,南乔治亚博物馆过去曾经是捕鲸站,故选D。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据倒数第二段最后一句话"The museum rooms are named after...in some way"可知,博物馆的各个房间都是以在某种程度上为该岛的发展或保护做出贡献的个人命名的,故选C。
【技巧点拨】
锁定特征巧解综合细节题
对于综合细节题,我们常常可以利用正确选项的特点提高答题正确率,其特征如下:
(1)用同义或近义表达替换原文中的关键信息。
(2)词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或改变原文中句子的语态,主要是主动语态与被动语态的转换。
(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂表述进行简化或概括,然后设置为答案。
(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达。
3.A 理解词汇 画线词所在句中的and连接两个句子,and后面的"fresh food options are rare"指的是可选择的新鲜食物很少。由此并结合语境可知,and前的那句话应该表示互联网的接入不好,故选A。
4.C 推断(文章出处) 通读全文可知,该篇文章介绍了南乔治亚博物馆,对其所处的位置、气候以及开放目的等进行了说明,旨在吸引更多游客前来参观,故可知,我们可以在网站的旅游栏目看到此篇文章,故选C。
【二次精读】
核心单词:cease v. 终止,(使)停止,结束 permanent adj. 永久的;永恒的;长久的 admission n. 进入许可,加入许可,进入;承认;门票价格 accessible adj. 可到达的,可接近的,可进入的,可使用的,可见到的;容易理解的,易懂的 unique adj. 独一无二的,独特的;独具的,特有的
熟词生义:1.house 常用义:n. 房子 文章义: v. 给……提供住房;给……提供场地
The building is open to the public and houses a museum of motorcycles and cars.这座大楼对公众开放,并设有一个摩托车和汽车博物馆。
2.brave 常用义:adj. 勇敢的 文章义:v. 勇敢面对;冒(风险);经受(困难)
He did not feel up to braving the journalists at the airport.他怯于在机场直接面对记者。
高级句式:In Grytviken in the South Atlantic lies the South Georgia Museum,
全部倒装句型,句子的主语为the South Georgia Museum
one of the most remote museums in the world.
the South Georgia Museum的同位语
【考点突破】
理解具体信息题的三大考法
考法1 考查直接信息
考查直接信息理解的题目在原文中可直接找到答案,不需要考生对信息进行分析、概括或者推理判断,考查考生识别事实性信息的能力。正确选项和原文在语言表述上没有太大的差别。
考法2 考查综合细节
为了增加试题的难度,命题人有时会利用同义词、近义词或者是反义词替换的方式来增加题干或者选项的干扰性,这就要求考生能够仔细观察、分析,利用语言知识辨别出正确答案;命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容,各个细节信息都能在文章中找到,但考生需要进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。
考法3 考查数字计算
这类试题主要考查考生对具体细节信息的定位和识别,涉及的计算比较简单。
【解析】 一位管理员在学校偶然发现一个破旧的钱包,它于20世纪50年代丢失,像一个时间胶囊一样,让人得以一窥那时的生活。
1.D 理解具体信息 明题意:本题问的是"为什么作者认为这个红色钱包很特殊 "→寻线索:根据第一段第一句"The discovery...offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio"和最后一段中的"they opened the purse to have a glimpse(短暂的体验) into their mother's life"可知,这个钱包就像一个时间胶囊,让人短暂地体验了一下过去的那段生活→定答案:A项"它完好无损";B项"它有一个感人的故事";C项"它属于一位特别的学生";D项"它成了一个时间胶囊"。故选D。
2.A 推断(人物特征) 明题意:本题问的是"下面哪些词可以最好地形容Patti Rumfola "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"loved her family"和第四段中的"enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren"可知,她是一个深爱家人的人(devoted);根据第二段中的"got involved in her community and did lots of practical things""her American Junior Red Cross card"和第四段中的"continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found... Pennsylvania"可知,她是一个乐于助人的人(helpful)→定答案:A项"挚爱的且乐于助人的";B项"有创造力的且有雄心的";C项"有才智的且随和的";D项"好奇的且努力的"。故选A。
【技巧点拨】
描写人物性格、特征的形容词小结
做推断人物特征的题目时,考生除了要抓住文中有关人物特征的关键信息之外,还要掌握一些描写人物性格、特征的形容词,尤其是一些较生僻的形容词,避免因不认识单词而误选。考生
需记忆的相关形容词有:
adaptable有适应能力的 adventurous有冒险精神的 aggressive志在必得的
ambitious有雄心的 athletic擅长运动的 brave/courageous/fearless勇敢的
capable有能力的 caring乐于助人的 cautious小心谨慎的
committed尽心尽力的 confident自信的 conservative保守的
considerate/thoughtful体贴的 cooperative有合作意识的 creative有创造力的
demanding苛求的 dependable可靠的 determined意志坚定的
diligent勤奋的 easy-going随和的 energetic精力旺盛的
experienced 有经验的 faithful忠诚的 generous慷慨的
grateful感激的 hard-working勤奋的 helpful愿意帮忙的
honest诚实的 humorous幽默的 independent独立的
innovative创新的 intelligent聪明的 inventive善于创新的
modest谦虚的 open-minded思想开明的 organized有条理的
outgoing外向的 patient有耐心的 reliable可信赖的
responsible负责任的 sensible明智的 sensitive敏感的
skillful熟练的 sympathetic有同情心的 talented有才能的
talkative健谈的 tolerant宽容的
3.B 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第四段的内容,尤其是"she lived a full life""her life story"可知,本段主要介绍了Rumfola的一些生活经历,故选B。
【易错点拨】
以偏概全——C项干扰性较大,考生看到本段中的"helped found the Theatre Arts Guild and the Young Women’s Club"会误以为本段主要介绍她的成就,但是本段还提到了她的其他经历,C项过于片面,故可排除。
4.C 推断 各选项分析如下:
【二次精读】
熟词生义:jam常用义:n.果酱;堵塞 文章义:v.塞入,压进
He jammed the book back into the bookcase.他把书塞回了书架。
词汇积累:caretaker n.管理员,看管人;照看人,监护人 rightful adj.正确的,公正的,合法的 in hopes of=in the hope of抱着……的希望
【解析】 每年四月,泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的泰国新年。人们向每个过路的人泼水,甚至堵塞道路,进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中。作者就是其中之一。
1.C 推断(写作手法) 明题意:本题问的是"作者是如何引入主题的 "→寻线索:根据第一段可知,每年四月,泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的泰国新年。人们向每个过路的人泼水,甚至堵塞道路,进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中。作者就是其中之一。再结合下文作者的经历可知,作者是通过作对比的方法引入本文主题的→定答案:A项"通过提出问题";B项"通过作出假设";C项"通过作对比";D项"通过支持一个庆祝活动"。故C项正确。
【技巧点拨】
常用的写作手法归纳
在准确把握语篇或段落主旨的前提下,能够分析其展开的方式或洞悉作者要传达的意思是考生应具备的一种能力。每篇文章或每个段落都遵循一定的逻辑线索来展开说明或介绍。常见
的展开方式有:
1.顺序排列法。一是时间顺序法(time order),通常用于叙述和分析的过程;二是空间顺序法(space order)。
2.举例法(giving examples)。文章常用for example, for instance, such as等短语引出例子,其前或其后一般有阐明的观点。
3.比较与对比法(comparison and contrast)。有时为了说明某一事物或现象,需要与其他事物或现象联系起来才能阐述清楚。
4.下定义和分类法(definition and classification)。通常把要下定义的事物置于一个大的类别中,然后用简洁明确的语言说明该事物与同一类别的其他事物有何不同。
5.因果法(cause and effect)。原因(cause)指的是引起结果的、发生在过去的事情,结果(effect)指的是已发生的事情产生的或将要产生的后果。比如:海平面上升(cause),一些动物灭绝(effect)。
6.事实和观点(facts and opinions)。前者是对事物或事理的客观陈述;后者表达一种个人意见、看法。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did, they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack, which would damage whatever was inside"可知,作者没有积极地阻止他们,因为担心如果自己这样做,他们会变得更有攻击性,往作者身上泼更多的水,可能还会泼他的背包,损坏里面的东西。由此可知,作者没有积极反抗是为了保护背包里的东西。故选B。
3.A 理解观点、态度 根据第三段中的"emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless"可知,从情感上来说,这是一次非常可怕的经历,因为作者感到很无力。由此可知,对于作者来说,这次经历是不愉快的。
4.D 推断 明题意:本题问的是"最后一段主要传达了什么 "→寻线索:根据最后一段可知,作者认为,如果有人不想被如此对待,那么你应该尊重他们的决定。你不能依赖于官方或某个团体来告诉你这件事是对是错,或者你应不应该做这件事。作者相信这是一种更正常合理的与人相处的方式→定答案:A项"己所不欲,勿施于人";B项"恐惧源于无知";C项"入乡随俗";D项"尊重在人际关系中很重要"。故D项正确。
【二次精读】
背景知识:道德自主是一种自我管理或自我决定的哲学,即独立行事而不受到他人的影响。道德自主与一个人在道德/伦理问题上的独立态度有关,有助于改善自决。
核心单词:autonomy n.自主(权);自治 healthy adj.正常合理的
【解析】 作者讲述了自动驾驶汽车的发展现状,并通过介绍自己乘坐自动驾驶汽车的经历来表达对自动驾驶技术的看法。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"But it’s time to accept the truth... they ‘aren’t going to happen’ in our lifetimes"可知,Darrell Etherington认为自动驾驶汽车是不可能实现的梦。故选B。
2.C 推断 明题意:本题问的是"为什么上个月作者感到无望 "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"my remaining optimism left me finally last month when Ford and Volkswagen announced that they were stopping running Argo AI, their autonomous driving tech joint firm"可知,福特汽车公司和大众汽车公司宣布要关闭它们的自动驾驶技术联合公司,作者仅剩的乐观情绪也消失了→定答案:A项"自动驾驶汽车很贵";B项"Argo AI没什么潜力";C项"一个自动驾驶公司要关闭了";D项"自动驾驶技术被限制了"。故选C。
【技巧点拨】
如何准确对文章信息作出推断
1.要全面分析所有相关信息,作出合理适度的推断。切忌片面思考或过度推断。
2.要忠实原文,根据语篇中的相关信息进行推断,切忌凭空臆断,无中生有。
3.要强化"问题意识",避免"答非所问",尤其要排除一些符合自己已有认知但文中没有信息支持的推断。
3.D 推断 根据第三段中的"General Motors…only on a small scale""Tesla…but its ambitions can be limited""Some of the firmest believers in self-driving technology have turned nonbelievers...even simple left turns"可知,本段主要说明了自动驾驶技术的现状。故选D。
4.A 推断 根据最后一段中的"There was an undeniable horror-movie aspect...autonomously""I was just about to feel relaxed...when the taxi came to a sudden stop at one point""My driverless experience made me believe this technology may never be possible to make passengers relaxed when they are in a driverless vehicle"可知,作者全程都很紧张。故选A。
【易错点拨】
断章取义——部分考生看到"call a human specialist to solve the situation"就误选了C,但是忽略了下文中的"the truck driver…continued our way"。
【二次精读】
熟词生义:stomach 常用义:n.胃,腹部 文章义:v.承受,容忍,忍耐
A 26% water rate increase is more than most residents can stomach.水费涨26%让大多数居民无法接受。
词汇积累:remaining adj.剩余的,其余的 push ahead with(尤指坚定地)继续进行,大力推进(计划或活动)
state-of-the-art adj.使用最先进技术的,达到最新水平的
The 2023 Azbees Open for Entries
About the Azbee Awards
ASBPE’s 45th annual Azbee Awards of Excellence competition is now open for submissions from Jan. 1, 2023 through Mar. 31, 2023 at 3 pm.
These highly competitive editorial and design awards celebrate the highest quality reporting, editing and design in business-to-business, trade, association and professional publications across all platforms, including magazines, newspapers, e-newsletters, websites and social media.
The top entries nationwide receive national awards across 63 categories, from our All Content, Design, Online, Print and Overall Excellence divisions. Entries also compete against others in their own regions for regional awards.
Entry Fees
Entry Requirements
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. To enter the Azbee Awards of Excellence, you’ll need the following information. If you plan to submit multiple entries, we highly recommend preparing these items in advance for all submissions to save time during the entry process.
Your contact information.
Division and category for the entry.
Region for the entry.
Essay: No more than 250 words that discuss the work that went into the entry and its significance to readers.
For online entries: Direct URLs to access the entry, and username and password, if your website requires sign-in to view content. PDF entry files for print entries.
1When was the first Azbee Awards of Excellence held
A.In 1979. B.In 1988. C.In 2012. D.In 2023.
2How much should you pay at least to submit an entry as a non-member
A.$140. B.$160. C.$170. D.$190.
3Which of the following will result in disqualification
A.Submitting contact information. B.Sending entries before the deadline.
C.An essay of three hundred words. D.An online entry with a username.
Passage 2
It was around 11:30 p.m. Corion Evans was hanging out with his friends near the Pascagoula River in July when a car with three girls inside fell into it. It came to a stop some 20 feet from land, and then sank. The driver had blindly followed her GPS.
Evans and his friends got to the river's edge. In the darkness, they could barely make out the girls holding on to the roof, the only part of the car still above water. But they could hear screaming. Evans pulled off his shirt and shoes, and then dived into the water, a river he knew alligators(短吻鳄) call home. He helped the first girl he saw, keeping her head above water and leading her ashore.
Just then, a man called out. Police Officer Garry Mercer arrived. He dived into the river to help another of the girls. But halfway back to shore, the girl had run out of her strength and went underwater, pulling Mercer down with her. Evans jumped back into the water and helped them until they could stand. "If he hadn’t been there, who knows " Mercer said.
There was still one girl in the water, Cora Watson, who could not swim. She was struggling to keep herself floating(浮) on the water, scared. "I thought there was little hope that I would survive. I just knew my last breath was coming at that time," Watson said. "My mind said ‘You’re slowly losing yourself.’" She began to go under. Then, a touch. "Evans had caught me."
The three girls and Officer Mercer were taken to the hospital and soon they were discharged. After knowing Evans’act, his mother, Marquita Evans, said, "Corion Evans broke his curfew(晚间必须回家的时间). But I was not mad. He had a good reason. And he did really well."
1What caused the girls to fall into the river
A.The poor driving skills.
B.The sudden appearance of passers-by.
C.The bad road conditions.
D.The misdirection from the guidance system.
2What difficulty did Mercer have helping the second girl
A.He ran out of his strength. B.The girl was too tired to swim.
C.He met an alligator in the river. D.The girl was unwilling to cooperate.
3How did Evans’mother feel in the end
A.Concerned. B.Proud. C.Upset. D.Relieved.
4What is the text mainly about
A.A warmhearted stranger.
B.An unexpected experience.
C.A midnight rescue in a river.
D.An excuse for breaking the curfew.
Passage 3
In Grytviken in the South Atlantic lies the South Georgia Museum, one of the most remote museums in the world.
South Georgia Museum is located in Grytviken’s old whaling station. Whaling, or the hunting of whales for their usable natural products, such as meat and oil, ceased there in 1964.The building that now houses the museum once served as the whaling manager’s home and office and was left unused for over 20 years before it opened to the public as a museum in 1992.
There are no passenger flights to or from Grytviken, so the majority of visitors arrive on a ship. The island itself only sees about 10,000 visitors a year and there are no permanent residents, only a group of 20 scientists, maintenance staff, and museum workers who brave the island's cold weather conditions. Traveling to the museum requires advance planning. South Georgia Museum staff all travel to the island from abroad for the southern hemisphere(半球)spring,or mid-October, and most come from the United Kingdom,around 8,000 miles north.
The museum, which offers free admission, "aims to make this history and heritage accessible both to the visiting public and to those unable to visit this remote region through education, exhibitions and outreach", according to its website. It houses a natural history collection, artifacts, exhibitions related to the early history of sealing and whaling as well as Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, and more. The museum rooms are named after individuals who contributed to the growth or conservation of the island in some way.
The temperature is ideal for visitors from October through December, but still, daytime highs don’t often reach above 40 degrees Fahrenheit. For those who work there, Internet access is patchy and fresh food options are rare. It’s not a place for everyone, but for the staff that call it home for parts of the year, it’s a unique form of paradise. "Stepping away from the world has been a treat," said Pierce, one of the staff.
1What can we learn about the South Georgia Museum
A.It is accessible to visitors by air. B.It opened to the public in 1964.
B.It has 20 maintenance workers. D.It used to be a whaling station.
2Who are the rooms of the museum named after
A.Managers of the whaling station.
B.Adventurers exploring the Antarctic.
C.Those who made contributions to the island.
D.Individuals who conserved whales from extinction.
3What does the underlined word "patchy" mean in the last paragraph
A.Poor. B.Easy. C.Free. D.Quick.
4In which column of a website can we find this text
A.Animals. B.People. C.Travel. D.News.
Passage 4
The discovery of a special red purse has offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio. In 2019, a caretaker at North Canton Middle School was repairing lockers when he discovered a purse jammed behind a piece of metal. Although the purse was dusty and dirty, its contents were well preserved. They belonged to Patti Rumfola who lost the purse in 1957 when she was a teenager attending what was then Hoover High School.
The things found in the bag tell the story of a teenager who got involved in her community and did lots of practical things, was organized, and loved her family. Among the things found were her American Junior Red Cross card, tickets, wheat pennies, pens, a pocket calendar, and photos of her friends and family.
Once the school determined Rumfola was the rightful owner, they contacted the North Canton Alumni Association in hopes of returning it to her. The organization figured out that Rumfola had graduated from Hoover High School in 1960. Unfortunately, Rumfola passed away in 2013 at the age of 71 in DuBois, Pennsylvania, so she’ll never get to see these things from the past.
But she lived a full life. According to her life story, she was a retired school teacher who worked in Annapolis, Maryland. And as in her youth, she continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found the Theatre Arts Guild and the Young Women’s Club in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. Rumfola was also a costume designer with the Reitz Theatre who enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren.
Because the school could not return Rumfola’s purse to her, they reached out to her grown children. Rumfola’s five children were together for a family gathering where they opened the purse to have a glimpse(短暂的体验) into their mother’s life at Hoover High School. Each of her five children kept one of the wheat pennies as a remembrance of their mom.
1Why does the author regard the red purse as special
A.It was in perfect condition. B.It had a moving story.
C.It belonged to a special student. D.It became a time capsule.
2Which of the following words can best describe Patti Rumfola
A.Devoted and helpful. B.Creative and ambitious.
C.Intelligent and easy-going. D.Curious and hard-working.
3What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Rumfola’s career choices. B.Rumfola’s life experiences.
C.Rumfola’s main attainments. D.Rumfola’s family commitments.
4What can be inferred about North Canton Middle School
A.It was founded in the 1950s. B.It offers design courses to students.
C.It cares about its previous graduates. D.It kept a wheat penny as a remembrance.
Passage 5
Each April Thais celebrate their Thai New Year with a great water fight on the streets. People throw water at everyone passing by and even block the road so they can enter buses and "paint the faces" of all the passengers. But there are a few people who don’t wish to participate in the fun. When I first experienced this celebration, I was one of them.
The first time our bus was stopped, 4 people coming into the bus intended to paint everyone’s face. I slowly shook my head to say "No, thank you", but a man came from behind me and quickly painted my face. Then the other three felt inspired and added a little more "paint" to my face. I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did, they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack, which would damage whatever was inside.
Even though it happened only once, emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless. The experience caused me to think a lot about respect and moral autonomy or individual judgment vs "permission" from the authorities. On this day, people of Thailand, including the police, give "permission" for these activities. So what about respect for the individual If someone does not want to be painted, is it OK to do it anyhow because the majority is having a good time and sincerely believes it is harmless fun, or because the police allow it
In my opinion, if someone does not want to have something done to them, then you’re supposed to respect their decision. You can't rely on the authorities or some group to tell you if something is right or wrong or if you should or shouldn’t do something. I believe this is a much healthier way of living with one another in this world.
1How does the author introduce the topic
A.By raising a question. B.By making an assumption.
C.By providing a comparison. D.By supporting a celebration.
2Why did the author inactively resist being "painted"
A.He was afraid of causing conflict.
B.He wanted to protect things in his backpack.
C.The activity got official permission.
D.The majority was in favor of the behavior.
3What did the author think of the experience
A.It was unpleasant. B.It was invaluable.
C.It was informative. D.It was acceptable.
4What is mainly conveyed in the last paragraph
A.Do as you would be done by.
B.Fear always springs from ignorance.
C.When in Rome do as the Romans do.
D.Respect matters in interpersonal relationship.
Passage 6
For years, we’ve been told that self-driving cars are just approaching. But it’s time to accept the truth, said Darrell Etherington on TechCrunch: they "aren’t going to happen" in our lifetimes.
I’ve long been excited about the potential of this technology, but my remaining optimism left me finally last month when Ford and Volkswagen announced that they were stopping running Argo AI, their autonomous driving tech joint firm. Argo was considered a leader in the field. But Ford feels that "producing profitable, fully autonomous vehicles on a large scale(规模) is a long way off", and it could no longer stomach the increasing costs. This is just the latest setback.
True, General Motors is making progress in trialling driverless vehicles on the roads, but only on a small scale.Tesla is pushing ahead with its self-driving technology, but its ambitions can be limited by an investigation that is looking into some accidents involving its "Autopilot" system. Some of the firmest believers in self-driving technology have turned nonbelievers. State-of-the-art robot cars still "struggle" with construction sites, road blocks, and sometimes even simple left turns.
I recently took a ride in a self-driving taxi in the city of Chandler, Arizona. There was an undeniable horror-movie aspect to sitting in the back of a vehicle and watching the steering wheel turn autonomously. To my relief, it slowed when other vehicles behaved improperly. I was just about to feel relaxed and text a coworker when the taxi came to a sudden stop at one point. A truck stopped in front of us and wanted to go backwards in order to take a missed turning. Unclear about what to do next, the taxi "chirped(吱吱叫) to call a human specialist to solve the situation". Fortunately, the truck driver decided to drive on and we continued our way. My driverless experience made me believe this technology may never be possible to make passengers relaxed when they are in a driverless vehicle. Even so, I won’t undervalue the technological advances that have been made—after all, who knows what the future will look like.
1What do Darrell Etherington’s words indicate about self-driving cars
A.They are around the corner. B.They are an impossible dream.
C.They approach us unavoidably. D.They affect our way of travelling.
2Why did the author feel hopeless last month
A.Autonomous vehicles were expensive. B.Argo AI had little potential.
C.A self-driving firm would be closed. D.Self-driving technology was limited.
3What does the author intend to show in paragraph 3
A.Different opinions on driverless cars. B.Accidents linked to self-driving systems.
C.The progress in making driverless vehicles. D.The present state of self-driving technology.
4What happened during the author’s self-driving ride
A.He felt nervous all the way. B.The taxi took a wrong turn.
C.A human specialist came to help. D.A truck crashed into the taxi.
【解析】 本文是第45届年度Azbee优秀奖参赛通知。
1.A 理解具体信息(数字计算) 根据About the Azbee Awards部分中的"ASBPE’s 45th annual Azbee Awards of Excellence competition is now open for submissions from Jan.1, 2023 through Mar.31, 2023 at 3 pm"可知,Azbee优秀奖每年举行一次,2023年为第45届,故推算出第一届是1979年举行的,故A项正确。
【技巧点拨】
识别数据巧解数字计算题
针对数字计算题,首先,明确题干中的条件,弄清题干问的是什么;其次快速定位到文章中的相
关内容,找到与它相对应的数据;然后对它们进一步分析,弄清各数据间的逻辑关系,结合题干确定所需数据与计算方法,计算出正确答案。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据Entry Fees表格中的Non-members一栏中的信息可知,非会员参赛提交本人作品至少应该支付160美元,故B项正确。
【技巧点拨】
题干定位快解直接信息题
第一步,阅读题干,找到关键词,明确答题方向;
第二步,运用查读技巧(先读题,带着问题快速阅读)找到相关词语或句子;
第三步,比较选项和原文信息,锁定正确答案。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据Entry Requirements中的"Essay: No more than 250 words that discuss the work that went into the entry and its significance to readers"可知,文章被要求不超过250词,因此一篇300词的文章会导致取消资格,故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词: submission n. 提交;呈递;提交(或呈递)的文件、建议等 disqualification n. 取消资格
核心短语:in advance 预先;事先
【解析】 本文讲述了Corion Evans和朋友晚上在河边闲逛时遇到一辆车落水,他和随后赶来的警察救了三个落水女孩儿的故事。
1.D 理解具体信息 明题意:本题问的是"什么导致女孩们掉进了河里 "→寻线索:根据第一段中的"the Pascagoula River in July... The driver had blindly followed her GPS"可知,女孩们是因为盲目按照GPS提供的错误路线开车才掉进了河里→定答案:A项"糟糕的车技";B项"路人的突然出现";C项"糟糕的路况";D项"导航系统引错了路"。故选D。
2.B 理解具体信息 各选项分析如下:
3.B 推断 根据最后一段中Corion Evans妈妈所说的话可知,她并没有因为Corion Evans回家晚了而生气,因为他有充分的理由——他去救人了,而且妈妈觉得Corion Evans做得很好。因此妈妈应是为他感到骄傲的。故选B。
4.C 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 通读全文可知,本文主要围绕一次午夜在河中的营救展开。故选C。
【易错点拨】
以偏概全——虽然Corion Evans在营救过程中发挥了重要作用,文章中也有很多对其英勇行为的着重描写,但文章中还描写了警察Mercer的表现、被救女孩当时的感想等,主要还是围绕营救落水女孩的经过展开,因此A项错误。
【二次精读】
词汇积累:come to a stop停止,停下来 make sb./sth. out看清,听清,分清,辨认清楚 ashore adv.在岸上,向岸上
【解析】 该文介绍了南乔治亚博物馆,文章就博物馆所处的地理位置、气候、开放目的以及工作人员的生活等进行了介绍。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"South Georgia Museum is located in Grytviken’s old whaling station"和"The building that now...for over 20 years"可知,南乔治亚博物馆过去曾经是捕鲸站,故选D。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据倒数第二段最后一句话"The museum rooms are named after...in some way"可知,博物馆的各个房间都是以在某种程度上为该岛的发展或保护做出贡献的个人命名的,故选C。
【技巧点拨】
锁定特征巧解综合细节题
对于综合细节题,我们常常可以利用正确选项的特点提高答题正确率,其特征如下:
(1)用同义或近义表达替换原文中的关键信息。
(2)词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或改变原文中句子的语态,主要是主动语态与被动语态的转换。
(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂表述进行简化或概括,然后设置为答案。
(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达。
3.A 理解词汇 画线词所在句中的and连接两个句子,and后面的"fresh food options are rare"指的是可选择的新鲜食物很少。由此并结合语境可知,and前的那句话应该表示互联网的接入不好,故选A。
4.C 推断(文章出处) 通读全文可知,该篇文章介绍了南乔治亚博物馆,对其所处的位置、气候以及开放目的等进行了说明,旨在吸引更多游客前来参观,故可知,我们可以在网站的旅游栏目看到此篇文章,故选C。
【二次精读】
核心单词:cease v. 终止,(使)停止,结束 permanent adj. 永久的;永恒的;长久的 admission n. 进入许可,加入许可,进入;承认;门票价格 accessible adj. 可到达的,可接近的,可进入的,可使用的,可见到的;容易理解的,易懂的 unique adj. 独一无二的,独特的;独具的,特有的
熟词生义:1.house 常用义:n. 房子 文章义: v. 给……提供住房;给……提供场地
The building is open to the public and houses a museum of motorcycles and cars.这座大楼对公众开放,并设有一个摩托车和汽车博物馆。
2.brave 常用义:adj. 勇敢的 文章义:v. 勇敢面对;冒(风险);经受(困难)
He did not feel up to braving the journalists at the airport.他怯于在机场直接面对记者。
高级句式:In Grytviken in the South Atlantic lies the South Georgia Museum,
全部倒装句型,句子的主语为the South Georgia Museum
one of the most remote museums in the world.
the South Georgia Museum的同位语
【考点突破】
理解具体信息题的三大考法
考法1 考查直接信息
考查直接信息理解的题目在原文中可直接找到答案,不需要考生对信息进行分析、概括或者推理判断,考查考生识别事实性信息的能力。正确选项和原文在语言表述上没有太大的差别。
考法2 考查综合细节
为了增加试题的难度,命题人有时会利用同义词、近义词或者是反义词替换的方式来增加题干或者选项的干扰性,这就要求考生能够仔细观察、分析,利用语言知识辨别出正确答案;命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容,各个细节信息都能在文章中找到,但考生需要进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。
考法3 考查数字计算
这类试题主要考查考生对具体细节信息的定位和识别,涉及的计算比较简单。
【解析】 一位管理员在学校偶然发现一个破旧的钱包,它于20世纪50年代丢失,像一个时间胶囊一样,让人得以一窥那时的生活。
1.D 理解具体信息 明题意:本题问的是"为什么作者认为这个红色钱包很特殊 "→寻线索:根据第一段第一句"The discovery...offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio"和最后一段中的"they opened the purse to have a glimpse(短暂的体验) into their mother's life"可知,这个钱包就像一个时间胶囊,让人短暂地体验了一下过去的那段生活→定答案:A项"它完好无损";B项"它有一个感人的故事";C项"它属于一位特别的学生";D项"它成了一个时间胶囊"。故选D。
2.A 推断(人物特征) 明题意:本题问的是"下面哪些词可以最好地形容Patti Rumfola "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"loved her family"和第四段中的"enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren"可知,她是一个深爱家人的人(devoted);根据第二段中的"got involved in her community and did lots of practical things""her American Junior Red Cross card"和第四段中的"continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found... Pennsylvania"可知,她是一个乐于助人的人(helpful)→定答案:A项"挚爱的且乐于助人的";B项"有创造力的且有雄心的";C项"有才智的且随和的";D项"好奇的且努力的"。故选A。
【技巧点拨】
描写人物性格、特征的形容词小结
做推断人物特征的题目时,考生除了要抓住文中有关人物特征的关键信息之外,还要掌握一些描写人物性格、特征的形容词,尤其是一些较生僻的形容词,避免因不认识单词而误选。考生
需记忆的相关形容词有:
adaptable有适应能力的 adventurous有冒险精神的 aggressive志在必得的
ambitious有雄心的 athletic擅长运动的 brave/courageous/fearless勇敢的
capable有能力的 caring乐于助人的 cautious小心谨慎的
committed尽心尽力的 confident自信的 conservative保守的
considerate/thoughtful体贴的 cooperative有合作意识的 creative有创造力的
demanding苛求的 dependable可靠的 determined意志坚定的
diligent勤奋的 easy-going随和的 energetic精力旺盛的
experienced 有经验的 faithful忠诚的 generous慷慨的
grateful感激的 hard-working勤奋的 helpful愿意帮忙的
honest诚实的 humorous幽默的 independent独立的
innovative创新的 intelligent聪明的 inventive善于创新的
modest谦虚的 open-minded思想开明的 organized有条理的
outgoing外向的 patient有耐心的 reliable可信赖的
responsible负责任的 sensible明智的 sensitive敏感的
skillful熟练的 sympathetic有同情心的 talented有才能的
talkative健谈的 tolerant宽容的
3.B 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第四段的内容,尤其是"she lived a full life""her life story"可知,本段主要介绍了Rumfola的一些生活经历,故选B。
【易错点拨】
以偏概全——C项干扰性较大,考生看到本段中的"helped found the Theatre Arts Guild and the Young Women’s Club"会误以为本段主要介绍她的成就,但是本段还提到了她的其他经历,C项过于片面,故可排除。
4.C 推断 各选项分析如下:
【二次精读】
熟词生义:jam常用义:n.果酱;堵塞 文章义:v.塞入,压进
He jammed the book back into the bookcase.他把书塞回了书架。
词汇积累:caretaker n.管理员,看管人;照看人,监护人 rightful adj.正确的,公正的,合法的 in hopes of=in the hope of抱着……的希望
【解析】 每年四月,泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的泰国新年。人们向每个过路的人泼水,甚至堵塞道路,进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中。作者就是其中之一。
1.C 推断(写作手法) 明题意:本题问的是"作者是如何引入主题的 "→寻线索:根据第一段可知,每年四月,泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的泰国新年。人们向每个过路的人泼水,甚至堵塞道路,进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中。作者就是其中之一。再结合下文作者的经历可知,作者是通过作对比的方法引入本文主题的→定答案:A项"通过提出问题";B项"通过作出假设";C项"通过作对比";D项"通过支持一个庆祝活动"。故C项正确。
【技巧点拨】
常用的写作手法归纳
在准确把握语篇或段落主旨的前提下,能够分析其展开的方式或洞悉作者要传达的意思是考生应具备的一种能力。每篇文章或每个段落都遵循一定的逻辑线索来展开说明或介绍。常见
的展开方式有:
1.顺序排列法。一是时间顺序法(time order),通常用于叙述和分析的过程;二是空间顺序法(space order)。
2.举例法(giving examples)。文章常用for example, for instance, such as等短语引出例子,其前或其后一般有阐明的观点。
3.比较与对比法(comparison and contrast)。有时为了说明某一事物或现象,需要与其他事物或现象联系起来才能阐述清楚。
4.下定义和分类法(definition and classification)。通常把要下定义的事物置于一个大的类别中,然后用简洁明确的语言说明该事物与同一类别的其他事物有何不同。
5.因果法(cause and effect)。原因(cause)指的是引起结果的、发生在过去的事情,结果(effect)指的是已发生的事情产生的或将要产生的后果。比如:海平面上升(cause),一些动物灭绝(effect)。
6.事实和观点(facts and opinions)。前者是对事物或事理的客观陈述;后者表达一种个人意见、看法。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did, they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack, which would damage whatever was inside"可知,作者没有积极地阻止他们,因为担心如果自己这样做,他们会变得更有攻击性,往作者身上泼更多的水,可能还会泼他的背包,损坏里面的东西。由此可知,作者没有积极反抗是为了保护背包里的东西。故选B。
3.A 理解观点、态度 根据第三段中的"emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless"可知,从情感上来说,这是一次非常可怕的经历,因为作者感到很无力。由此可知,对于作者来说,这次经历是不愉快的。
4.D 推断 明题意:本题问的是"最后一段主要传达了什么 "→寻线索:根据最后一段可知,作者认为,如果有人不想被如此对待,那么你应该尊重他们的决定。你不能依赖于官方或某个团体来告诉你这件事是对是错,或者你应不应该做这件事。作者相信这是一种更正常合理的与人相处的方式→定答案:A项"己所不欲,勿施于人";B项"恐惧源于无知";C项"入乡随俗";D项"尊重在人际关系中很重要"。故D项正确。
【二次精读】
背景知识:道德自主是一种自我管理或自我决定的哲学,即独立行事而不受到他人的影响。道德自主与一个人在道德/伦理问题上的独立态度有关,有助于改善自决。
核心单词:autonomy n.自主(权);自治 healthy adj.正常合理的
【解析】 作者讲述了自动驾驶汽车的发展现状,并通过介绍自己乘坐自动驾驶汽车的经历来表达对自动驾驶技术的看法。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"But it’s time to accept the truth... they ‘aren’t going to happen’ in our lifetimes"可知,Darrell Etherington认为自动驾驶汽车是不可能实现的梦。故选B。
2.C 推断 明题意:本题问的是"为什么上个月作者感到无望 "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"my remaining optimism left me finally last month when Ford and Volkswagen announced that they were stopping running Argo AI, their autonomous driving tech joint firm"可知,福特汽车公司和大众汽车公司宣布要关闭它们的自动驾驶技术联合公司,作者仅剩的乐观情绪也消失了→定答案:A项"自动驾驶汽车很贵";B项"Argo AI没什么潜力";C项"一个自动驾驶公司要关闭了";D项"自动驾驶技术被限制了"。故选C。
【技巧点拨】
如何准确对文章信息作出推断
1.要全面分析所有相关信息,作出合理适度的推断。切忌片面思考或过度推断。
2.要忠实原文,根据语篇中的相关信息进行推断,切忌凭空臆断,无中生有。
3.要强化"问题意识",避免"答非所问",尤其要排除一些符合自己已有认知但文中没有信息支持的推断。
3.D 推断 根据第三段中的"General Motors…only on a small scale""Tesla…but its ambitions can be limited""Some of the firmest believers in self-driving technology have turned nonbelievers...even simple left turns"可知,本段主要说明了自动驾驶技术的现状。故选D。
4.A 推断 根据最后一段中的"There was an undeniable horror-movie aspect...autonomously""I was just about to feel relaxed...when the taxi came to a sudden stop at one point""My driverless experience made me believe this technology may never be possible to make passengers relaxed when they are in a driverless vehicle"可知,作者全程都很紧张。故选A。
【易错点拨】
断章取义——部分考生看到"call a human specialist to solve the situation"就误选了C,但是忽略了下文中的"the truck driver…continued our way"。
【二次精读】
熟词生义:stomach 常用义:n.胃,腹部 文章义:v.承受,容忍,忍耐
A 26% water rate increase is more than most residents can stomach.水费涨26%让大多数居民无法接受。
词汇积累:remaining adj.剩余的,其余的 push ahead with(尤指坚定地)继续进行,大力推进(计划或活动)
state-of-the-art adj.使用最先进技术的,达到最新水平的