2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟训练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟训练（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 208.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-06 21:17:08 | ||
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Passage 1
The widespread sedentary(久坐不动的)lifestyle has become a problem in America, fueling the rising obesity(肥胖)rate.
Now a new study finds that being surrounded by active friends can help a person living a sedentary lifestyle get more exercise each day. Researchers found that people in social groups where exercise is valued are more likely to be more active themselves. Lonely people are more likely to live sedentary lifestyles without another person around to give them a boost. The findings highlight the idea that the company a person keeps can be a boost to their overall health and direction in life.
Dr. Diana Thomas, a professor at a military school and study author, said that the idea for the research came from real life experiences on the campus. Her team had noticed a trend of people becoming more interested in fitness and other activities once arriving at the school. This is not usually the case at other schools and workplaces, where there is no significant impact on fitness. Thomas believed that this trend could be the result of in-group social conditioning, where people will take part in activities that others around them are doing.
People whose data were gathered for the study were split into three groups based on their physical activity level—sedentary, moderately active and extremely active. Moderately active folks were the most important for drawing people who are sedentary to become active, and to sustain that activity. Thomas explained that sedentary people would be unlikely to change their behavior when placed in a group of the extremely active, as it would seem unattainable.
1Why does the author mention the rising obesity rate in the first paragraph
A.To make comparisons. B.To introduce the topic.
C.To support the argument. D.To provide examples.
2What helps a sedentary person become active
A.Volunteering in social groups. B.Working in a caring company.
C.Joining sports-loving friends. D.Giving a lonely neighbor a boost.
3What might have caused the trend at the military school
A.Requirements from the school. B.People’s natural addiction to sports.
C.Social interaction within a group. D.Competition against other schools.
4Why are extremely active people less influential according to Dr. Thomas
A.They have no appeal for sedentary people.
B.They are unwilling to involve sedentary people.
C.They themselves often fail to sustain exercising.
D.They seem like an example beyond sedentary people.
Passage 2
Pieter Bruegel’s iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were. "Nowadays, however, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee-height. The reduced height is essentially a consequence of being bred (培育)along with genes for increasing production to feed a growing population," biologist De Smet explained.
De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time. He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen, a friend since childhood, to document such artwork around the world. They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape, color and size.
Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum, where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting. It appeared to be pale and white on the inside. Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea. "No, this is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have looked like," he explained.
Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century. "With all the genetic knowledge we now have, we can look at how something comes about in more detail,"De Smet said. "For example, until the 18th century, European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings—they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties."
Ultimately, the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. "However," Vergauwen reminds, "if you're going to use, for example, Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century, you might be misled."
1What can we learn about the painting The Harvesters
A.It shows how people successfully grew wheat.
B.It proves that wheat was much shorter in the past.
C.It explains the consequence of different breeding methods.
D.It gives clues about how wheat in the 16th century looked like.
2What inspired the research team to start their study
A.Their preference for food crops. B.Their friendship since childhood.
C.Their divided views on an old painting. D.Their shared interest in Hermitage Museum.
3What is the message from Vergauwen in the last paragraph
A.Art enthusiasts are not careful enough. B.Abstract paintings often mislead people.
C.The source paintings need to be realistic. D.Picasso’s paintings are hard to understand.
4What is the purpose of the text
A.To comment on historical plant paintings.
B.To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.
C.To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.
D.To introduce a study on food crop transformation.
Passage 3
There was a unique restaurant in London that beat out thousands of stylish restaurants to earn the top ranking on the popular TripAdvisor, despite not existing.
The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake(假的) TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a "false reality", despite millions of genuine reviews. He decided to see how far he could take a fake restaurant on the site so "The Shed at Dulwich" was born. Butler created a web page with a menu based on emotions and attractive photographs of dishes. He also listed its location as the street he lived on with no address, calling it an "appointment-only restaurant", to avoid being attacked by fact-checkers.
The Shed was unexpectedly approved by TripAdvisor to be listed in May, starting out as the 18,149th ranked restaurant in the city: dead last. Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. "Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit," one wrote. "After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in." Soon the customers started calling. "We’re fully booked," Butler told the would-be diners. However, the restaurant’s reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor’s rankings. Some companies used an estimated location of The Shed on the network search engine to send free samples to Butler, expecting to work with him. In November, Butler received a note from TripAdvisor saying The Shed had become the No.1 ranked restaurant in London!
Butler thought it was time to expose the trick. The story has been praised as an incredible feat(壮举). However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online, it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.
1What does Oobah Butler think of TripAdvisor
A.It is a reliable information source. B.It creates a false sense of reality.
C.It has too many genuine reviews. D.It is a useful tool for his part-time job.
2How was The Shed ranked the No.1 restaurant
A.By offering discounts and special deals.
B.By sending free samples to customers.
C.By flooding the site with fake reviews.
D.By getting a specific location on the network search engine.
3What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Butler earned people's trust. B.False information can be disastrous.
C.Online information is threatening our safety. D.Online platforms are totally unreliable now.
4What message does the story convey
A.No investigation, no right to speak. B.Well begun is half done.
C.Honesty is the best policy. D.Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
Passage 4
Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and sugary foods provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum(神秘果), a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don't taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mostly used as a sweetener to have with sour foods and drinks, says Dèdéou from a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(神秘果蛋白)is very appreciated by local consumers, especially the kids and people with diabetes.
Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t available worldwide. The berries don’t travel well and the plant is slow to grow.
To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoué whose team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year,a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因组) of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Ba a Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around￡18 for a pack of 10. If you can afford it, the berry's taste-twisting power is fun to try at home. Let the tablet melt on your tongue, then try tasting acidic foods such as lemons. The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes.
1What do we know about Synsepalum dulcificum
A.It contains high calories. B.It is related to weight gain.
C.It tastes unusually sweet. D.It serves as a sugar replacement.
2What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Efforts made to obtain more miraculin.
B.The genome published to help do the research.
C.Creation advocated to produce miracle berries.
D.Transformations performed to engineer tomatoes.
3What can we say about tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries
A.They are sour. B.They are inexpensive.
C.They are accessible. D.They are productive.
4What is the author’s attitude to getting the sugar alternative
A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic.
C.Defensive. D.Conservative.
Passage 5
If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble. Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.
Running
"Running is one of the best calorie burners out there," qualified personal trainer Daniel Saltos says. An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1,000 calories in one hour of running. "Speed, pace, and endurance are all factors that can impact this range. But running uses every muscle group in the body, allowing you to burn more calories."
Swimming
"Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 200 to 300 calories in just 30 minutes," Saltos says. Swimming also improves heart health and increases strength—all great reasons for playing in the water.
Boxing
Not only is boxing a great way to release energy, but it also helps improve balance, builds up endurance and strengthens the upper body and core. "Boxing helps you burn calories well, too, with the average person burning up 500 to 800 calories in an hour session," Saltos says.
Rowing
The pushing and pulling motion of rowing machines targets multiple muscle groups including the arms, core, and back, helping you to burn more calories. "An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average," Saltos says.
1Which sport can burn the most calories per hour
A.Boxing. B.Running.
C.Swimming. D.Rowing.
2What is the advantage of swimming according to the text
A.It enhances balance. B.It improves tolerance.
C.It produces low impact. D.It builds muscle groups.
3Who is the text intended for
A.Great athletes. B.Fitness experts.
C.Sports reporters. D.Overweight persons.
Passage 6
Intro
Our Online Chinese Summer Camp program is a wonderful, immersive online Chinese learning experience specifically designed for learning Chinese remotely.
Suitable Age
Kids aged 10 to 17
Camp Content
Interactive Chinese lessons, cultural activities and virtual trips
Schedule
Monday to Friday
The class time is scheduled according to different time zones
Camp Levels
Online Chinese Camp for the summer season is divided into 2 levels—Non-Native Chinese Camp for beginner to intermediate levels and Chinese Camp for intermediate to advanced levels.
Ready to Sign Up
Contact us (www.) and we will be happy to answer your questions and help you choose the right camp. Don’t forget to ask us about early bird price!
1What is the text
A.A course review. B.A commercial ad.
C.An academic article. D.An activity schedule.
2What can kids do in Chinese Camp
A.Improve integrated Chinese skills. B.Make up basic Chinese dialogues.
C.Learn characters through fun stories. D.Prepare for advanced vocabulary tests.
3What can we learn about the program
A.It involves skills for camping trips. B.It offers a discount if you book earlier.
C.It has a fixed timetable regardless of time zones. D.It includes off-line interactive activities in China.
Passage 7
Located among the forests where eagles fly overhead, Jabal Sawda has long been one of Saudi Arabia’s best places for mountaineers. At 2,999m, Jabal Sawda had been considered the kingdom’s highest peak until twin mountaineers, Matthew and Eric Gilbertson, climbed it in 2018, finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa.
For more than a decade, the twins have traveled to one country after another around the world, rewriting the mountain record books about places across the Middle East and West Africa. So far they have reached the peaks of more than 100 countries and newly identified the highest points in Togo, Guinea-Bissau and Ivory Coast.
Matthew, a research scientist at Lockheed Martin in Palo Alto, California, and Eric, an instructor in mechanical engineering at Seattle University, said their work was motivated by a need for accuracy and love for mountaineering. "If we’re going to go through all the effort to visit a country and visit the highest mountain, we want to be sure that we have indeed visited the highest mountain," Matthew said. "We consider it assistance to future mountaineers to have an accurate survey done so that they can focus their efforts on getting to whichever peak they want to get to."
The twins’ love of mountaineering began when they were children with family trips to the Great Smoky Mountains in the southeastern United States. When they were students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), they started climbing as many mountains as possible. In 2012, after achieving their goal of reaching the highest point of each US state, they turned their attention to the rest of the world.
1What can we learn about Jabal Sawda
A.It’s Saudi Arabia’s best place. B.It’s lower than Jabal Ferwa.
C.It’s Saudi Arabia’s highest peak. D.It’s better-known than Jabal Ferwa.
2Why have the twins traveled to different countries in past years
A.To write books about mountains. B.To rename the peaks of mountains.
C.To measure their highest mountain. D.To admire good views of the mountain.
3What do Matthew’s words indicate about their work in paragraph 3
A.It satisfies their need for accuracy.
B.It deepens their love for climbing.
C.It makes them focus their efforts on life.
D.It helps climbers choose their destination.
4What might the following paragraph talk about
A.The twins’ other goals in their life.
B.The twins’ experiences in other countries.
C.The twins’ influence on other mountaineers.
D.The twins’ achievements in finding peaks.
Passage 8
Every Monday morning retired GP(全科医生) Dr.Dominique Hérault leaves his home in northwestern France and drives 25 miles to work at an unusual health centre. The medical centre, set up to address a shortage of local GPs, is entirely staffed by retired doctors and medical students.
All over Europe, people are reaching retirement age, taking a pension(养老金), and then getting a job. According to the most recent Labour Force Survey, more than 5 million of the 200 million Europeans working in 2019 were over the age of 65, marking an increase of 82 per cent in 15 years.
Reasons for joining the ranks of the so-called "unretired" vary, though only a fifth of workers over 65 take jobs solely out of financial necessity, according to Eurofound, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Most do it because they love their jobs: EU statistics show that 93 per cent of earners aged 65 to 74 are happy in their employment. This return to the workforce keeps economists happy too. "More employment among people post-retirement stimulates the economy and is good for everyone as long as they want to work," says Hans Dubois, research manager at Eurofound.
While it’s possible that older and younger generations sometimes compete for jobs, Dubois points out that part-time work and certain positions—like ones that involve mentoring(指导)—may actually be better suited to older employees.
There are also clear mental and physical health benefits when pensioners pursue an occupation. Research based on the ongoing Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe(SHARE) shows the unretired have better mobility, feel healthier, and report a better quality of life than their retired peers. In addition, they are less depressed and have a sharper memory.
1Why is the health centre unusual in the first paragraph
A.It serves special patients. B.Its expenses are quite high.
C.Its employees are special. D.It is a non-profit organization.
2What does Labour Force Survey report show
A.The ageing society is becoming more and more serious.
B.The unemployment among young people is increasing in society.
C.People over 65 years old become the main body of the labour force.
D.The number of people over 65 years old is increasing in the labour market.
3Why do most elderly people choose re-employment
A.The economic stress. B.The policy requirements.
C.The enthusiasm for work. D.The prevention of illness.
4In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Entertainment. B.Health.
C.Society. D.Finance.
【解析】 一项研究发现,身边都是爱运动的朋友的话,久坐不动的人每天也会多参加体育锻炼的。
1.B 理解目的 作者在第二段介绍了一项研究发现,根据研究发现的内容可知,第一段提到美国肥胖率上升的问题旨在引出话题,故B项正确。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"being surrounded by active friends can help a person living a sedentary lifestyle get more exercise each day"可知,如果久坐不动的人身边围绕着爱运动的朋友,他们每天也会多多锻炼,因此和爱运动的朋友在一起有助于久坐不动的人多运动,故C项正确。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"Thomas believed that this trend could be the result of in-group social conditioning"并结合选项可知,军事学院的这种趋势是由群体内社交互动造成的,故C项正确。
4.D 推断 根据最后一段中的"sedentary people would be unlikely to change their behavior when placed in a group of the extremely active, as it would seem unattainable"可知,超级爱锻炼的人标准太高,久坐不动的人无法达到他们的锻炼强度,据此可以推断,他们可能不适合久坐不动的人效仿,所以对久坐不动的人影响不大,故D项正确。unattainable"无法达到的; 无法获得的"。
【二次精读】
核心单词:boost n. 帮助,激励;增长,提高 v. 使增长,使兴旺
核心短语:split...into...把……分成……
高级句式:Thomas believed that this trend could be the result of in-group social conditioning,
宾语从句
{where people will take part in activities (that others around them are doing)}.
定语从句,修饰conditioning 定语从句,修饰activities
【解析】 写实的历史艺术作品能让我们追踪粮食作物随时间发生的变化。生物学家De Smet与艺术史学家Vergauwen合作在世界各地记录这些艺术作品。他们主要关注那些能发现形状、颜色和大小变化的东西。该团队希望最终创建一个历史植物艺术作品的在线研究数据库。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第一段内容可知,在该作品中小麦几乎和人们一样高,即人们可以看到16世纪的小麦看起来是什么样的。故D项正确。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"Their interest... had a different idea"可知,该团队的两人对博物馆内一幅17世纪早期的画有奇怪的西瓜的作品有了不同的看法,所以对艺术作品中的植物开始感兴趣。故C项正确。
3.C 推断 根据最后一段中的"if you're going to use... you might be misled"可知,如果你要用毕加索的画来尝试理解20世纪早期的梨是什么样的,你可能会被误导。故可推知,Vergauwen是想说画作本身应该真实,故C项正确。
4.D 理解目的 文章第一段介绍一幅画作,引出小麦变化的问题,后续讲述一个团队通过研究历史艺术作品来追踪粮食作物变化问题,故D项正确。
【技巧点拨】
依据主旨和文体推意图
作者一般不会在文章中直接表明写作意图,考生需要通过厘清全篇的逻辑关系,仔细分析文章的细节,进而推断作者的意图。推断作者的写作意图,还要综合考量文章的主旨和文体特点:
1.通过文章主旨来推断作者的写作意图。通常议论文、说明文等的主旨包含在文章开头,用略读法抓住文章的主旨,可以快速推断出作者的写作意图。
2.通过文章的文体推断作者的写作意图。
(1)议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某种观点或某种做法。
(2)说明文是对客观事物的说明或对抽象事理的阐释,事物说明文的目的通常是使读者认识和了解某事物。
(3)记叙文的目的一般是讲述一个有趣的或有教育意义的故事或经历,使读者从中得到乐趣或者某种启示。
(4)广告类文章一般是要推销某种产品或服务,目的通常是吸引更多的顾客、游客、读者或观众等。
【二次精读】
核心单词:essentially adv. 本质上,根本上 consequence n. 结果,后果 assume v. 假定,假设,认为 ultimately adv. 最终,最后
高级句式:if you’re going to use, (for example), Picasso to try and understand (how a pear looked in the early
条件状语从句 插入语 宾语从句
20th century), you might be misled.
【考点突破】
理解目的要求考生根据文章内容,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的,表意图或目的的常见表达有:to illustrate/show(表明),to explain(解释),to highlight/stress(强调),to introduce/recommend(介绍),to predict(预告),to prove(证实),to amuse/entertain readers(娱乐读者),to reach a conclusion(得出结论),to present an argument(提出论点)。作者一般不会直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章的具体内容向读者传达某种观点或想法。这类题要求考生不仅要能够理解文章大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
1.段落/细节写作目的
考查文中某段或某细节的写作目的,常见的设问方式有:
※Why does the author mention...
※What does the author intend to do in Paragraph...
※What is the purpose of the last part of the text
※Why is...mentioned in Paragraph...
2.篇章写作目的
考查文章整体的写作目的,常见的设问方式有:
※What is the purpose of the text
※What does the story intend to tell us
※What does the writer of the story want to tell us
【解析】 本文主要讲的是一个根本不存在的独特的餐厅,经过网上虚假的评论后,成为TripAdvisor网站排名第一的餐厅。
1.B 理解观点、态度 根据第二段中的"The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler...writing fake(假的) TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a ‘false reality’, despite millions of genuine reviews"可知,Oobah Butler认为TripAdvisor这个网站创造了一种虚假的真实感。故选B项。
2.C 推断 根据倒数第二段中的"Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews"和"the restaurant's reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor’s rankings"可知,Butler开始让家人和朋友在这个网站上发布假的评论,进而让很多人都信以为真,这家餐厅的声誉开始在TripAdvisor的排名中上升。由此可知,通过让假消息充斥整个网站,The Shed成为排名第一位的餐厅,故选C项。
3.B 推断 根据最后一段中的"However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online...with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results"可知,不诚实的行为者能够轻松地操纵网络平台,有时会产生难以想象的后果。由此可推断,虚假信息可能是灾难性的,故选B项。
4.A 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 根据The Shed的例子和最后一段中的"However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online...with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results"可知,在一个越来越受到网络上所有虚假信息影响的时代,这个故事也再次提醒人们,不诚实的行为者能够轻松地操纵网络平台,有时会产生难以想象的后果。由此可知,在这个信息时代,人们不能在不知事情真相的情况下胡乱写一些虚假的评论,也就是说"没有调查就没有发言权"。故选A项。
【解析】 研究表明,原产于西非的神秘果有望成为糖的替代品。本文还介绍了一些国家为创造神秘果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"One promising alternative...taste unusually sweet"可知,神秘果有望作为糖的替代品,它本身尝起来不甜,但同酸的食品搭配食用时,会非常甜,故D项正确。
2.A 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 通读第四段可知,为了创造一种神秘果蛋白的替代来源,日本的研究人员对西红柿的基因进行了改造;中国海南大学的一个团队也对神秘果的基因进行了研究。据此可知,该段主要介绍了一些国家为创造神秘果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力,故A项正确。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据尾段的"You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online"可知,这种冷冻干燥的神秘果片剂可以在网上购得,故这种产品是可以获得的。
4.B 理解观点、态度 根据尾段的"You can order tablets...The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes"可知,这种神秘果片剂可以网购获得,虽然价格昂贵,但是如果你能负担得起的话,在家里尝试它是很有趣的。据此可以推知,作者对这种糖的替代品持乐观态度,故B项正确。
【技巧点拨】
描述人物观点、态度的形容词小结
对原文信息线索和选项进行褒贬分析有助于快速确定答案。作者或文中人物的观点态度大多分为肯定、否定、客观等类别,积累相关的词语有助于解答此类题目。
1.肯定类
enthusiastic热情的 optimistic 乐观的 positive 积极乐观的
favorable/approving/supportive/sympathetic赞成的/支持的
2.否定类
negative消极的 disapproving不赞成的 opposed反对的
critical批判的 concerned/worried担忧的 pessimistic悲观的
suspicious/doubtful/skeptical怀疑的
3.客观类
objective客观的 neutral中立的 unprejudiced没有偏见的
4.其他类
uncertain不确定的 cautious谨慎的
indifferent/uncaring/unconcerned/uninterested漠不关心的
【二次精读】
核心单词:available adj. 可用的,可获得的;有空的 shortage n. 短缺,不足 alternative n. 可供选择的事物,替代物 adj. 可供替代的 enlarge v. 扩大,增大,放大 pricey adj. 高价的,昂贵的
难句分析:To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have
动词不定式短语作目的状语
genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoué whose
动词不定式短语作目的状语 定语从句
team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa.
译文:为了创造一种神秘果蛋白的替代来源,日本筑波大学的研究人员对西红柿进行了基因改造,以产生这种蛋白质,但Tchokponhoué说这并不是必要的,他的团队正在努力帮助扩大西非神秘果的产量。
【考点突破】
理解观点、态度类的题目旨在考查考生对作者或者文中人物的观点或态度的理解能力,要求考生具备较高层次的阅读理解能力,在理解文意的基础上就作者或文中人物对某个人或事物所持的态度进行推理判断。有时文中没有直接表明相关人物的观点态度的词句,需要考生结合文中描述该人物语气、动作、表情的词句及他人的评价等信息来推断其观点或态度。
此类试题题干中常见的关键词有attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard,feel about,think of等。
常见的设问形式有:
※What is the author's attitude to/towards...
※What does the author think of...
※How does the author feel about...
※Which of the following can best describe the author's attitude to/towards...
【解析】 本文介绍了最能燃烧卡路里的四项运动。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据Running中的"An average person...hour of running"可知,一个普通人在一小时的跑步中可以消耗500到1 000卡路里的热量。根据Swimming中的"Swimming is a...just 30 minutes"可知,游泳在短短30分钟内仍然可以燃烧200到300卡路里。根据Boxing中的"Boxing helps you...an hour session"可知,拳击一小时能燃烧500到800卡路里。根据Rowing中的"An hour of...calories on average"可知,一小时的划船平均可以燃烧400到600卡路里。由此可知,跑步每小时燃烧的卡路里最多。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据Swimming中的"Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body"可知,游泳对身体的影响小。
3.D 理解文章结构、类型(读者对象) 通读全文,尤其是第一段的内容可知,本文旨在介绍四项帮助减肥的运动。由此可推知,本篇文章是写给肥胖者的。
【技巧点拨】
读者对象三步推断法
1.确定文章主题和内容。从文章内容入手,明确文章主题,可根据包含文章主旨的段落推断读者群体。
2.分析措辞和语言特征。把握文章的特点,分析作者的措辞和语言特征,再结合选项,判断文章适合哪一类读者群体,最终得出答案。
3.明确代词的指代对象。明确信息句中代词的指代对象是正确推断读者对象的关键。
【二次精读】
核心单词:qualified adj. 具备……的学历(或资历)的;符合资格 endurance n. 耐力 session n.一段时间,一场
核心短语:(be) tired of厌倦…… build up加强 on average平均
【解析】 本文介绍了一个在线汉语夏令营项目的相关信息。
1.B 理解文章结构、类型(文章类型) 根据Intro部分的内容以及Ready to Sign Up 部分的内容可知,本文是一则在线汉语夏令营的广告,介绍了针对人群、要求和内容等相关信息。故B项正确。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据表格中的"Fun and interactive online lessons to improve 4 language skills—Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing"可知,孩子们在汉语营可以提高综合汉语技能。故A项正确。
3.B 推断 根据Ready to Sign Up 部分的"Don’t forget to ask us about early bird price!"可推知,你如果提前预订,就能享受折扣价。故B项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词:immersive adj. 沉浸式虚拟现实的 specifically adv. 特意,专门地 virtual adj. 虚拟的,模拟的 intermediate adj. 中级的,适合中等程度者的 n.中级学生
核心短语:be divided into 被分成……
【解析】 一对双胞胎致力于测量各地的最高山峰,以便后来的登山者有准确的数据来确定目的地。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第一段最后一句中的"finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa"可知,它比Jabal Ferwa低大约3米。故选B。
2.C 推断 明题意:本题问的是"为什么这对双胞胎在过去的时间里去往不同的国家 "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"For more than a decade, the twins have... rewriting the mountain record books"可知,十多年来,这对双胞胎在不同的国家旅行,重写山峰的记录;再结合本段中的"So far they have reached the peaks of more than 100 countries and newly identified the highest points"和第三段中的"If we’re going to... the highest mountain"可推知,他们这样做的目的是测量最高的山峰→定答案:A项"为了写关于山的书";B项"为了给山的顶峰重新命名";C项"为了测量最高的山峰";D项"为了欣赏好的山景"。故选C。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"We consider it assistance to future mountaineers... so that they can focus their efforts on getting to whichever peak they want to get to"可知,他们的工作提供了准确的数据,登山者可以根据这些数据选择攀登哪一座山峰。故选D。
4.B 理解文章结构、类型(行文走向) 根据最后一段中的"In 2012, after achieving their goal... they turned their attention to the rest of the world"可知,下一段可能会讲述这对双胞胎在其他国家的经历。
【二次精读】
核心单词:overhead adv.在头顶上方,在空中 mountaineer n.登山者,登山运动员 identify v.确定,发现;认出 mechanical adj.机械的 accuracy n.准确性,精确度
熟词生义:shy 常用义:adj.羞涩的 文章义:adj.不足,欠缺
We are still two players shy (of a full team).我们还缺两名队员(凑成一支队)。
He was two weeks shy of his 19th birthday when he joined the army.他参军时离19岁生日仅差两周。
难句分析:At 2,999m, Jabal Sawda had been considered the kingdom’s highest peak until twin mountaineers,
介词短语作状语 主句 时间状语从句(until...Ferwa)
(Matthew and Eric Gilbertson), climbed it in 2018, (finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa).
同位语 现在分词短语作状语
译文:Jabal Sawda高2 999米,它曾被认为是该王国最高的山峰。直到2018年,双胞胎Matthew和Eric Gilbertson攀登了这座山,发现这座山比Jabal Ferwa低了大约3米。
【解析】 这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了造成退休老人又重返工作岗位这种现象的原因以及其给社会、老年人自身带来的好处。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"The medical centre, set up to address a shortage of local GPs, is entirely staffed by retired doctors and medical students"可知,该医疗中心是为了解决当地全科医生短缺而建立的,工作人员全部都是退休医生和医学生,故选C。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"more than 5 million of the 200 million Europeans working in 2019 were over the age of 65, marking an increase of 82 per cent in 15 years"可知,15年内65岁以上的从业人员增长了82%,故选D。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"though only a fifth of workers over 65 take jobs solely out of financial necessity"和"Most do it because they love their jobs"可知,65岁以上的工作人员中,只有五分之一的人仅仅是出于经济需要而工作,大多数还是因为热爱自己的工作,故选C。
4.C 理解文章结构、类型(文章出处) 本文主要探讨了退休老人又重新工作这一社会现象、产生这种现象背后的原因以及其给个人和社会带来的好处,因此可推断出这样的文章应该出自报纸上的"社会"这一栏目,故选C项。
【技巧点拨】
锁定细节判出处
判断文章的出处和类型,可从文章内容、语言特点、标志性信息等方面来切入。
1.首段交代新闻事件的时间、地点、人物、事件或通讯社名称+语言具有很强的时效性→a news report新闻报道
2.产品/服务介绍(突出优点)+鼓励购买的语言+价格→an advertisement广告
3.文章中有click等用语→a website网站
4.旅游胜地方面的介绍→a travel guide/a guidebook旅行指南
5.时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→a magazine/an entertainment section杂志/娱乐部分
6.科普知识或研究→a science report科学报告
7.文化教育性的文章→an education section教育部分
8.营养、美食→a recipe book食谱;a health magazine健康杂志
9.生平事迹→a biography传记
10.书或电影名称+内容介绍+评价→a book/film review 书评/影评
11.其他常见出处:a chemistry paper化学论文;a medical report 医学报告;a novel 小说
【考点突破】
理解文章结构、类型题的三大考法
考法1 判断文章出处和类型
几乎所有的文章都可能涉及对文章出处和类型的考查。该类题目要求考生在具备一定常识的基础上,根据文章的体裁、题材、语言特征和标志性信息来推断文章的出处或类型。考生要对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出最佳选项。
该类题目常见的设问形式:
※What is the text
※What kind of text is it
※Where can the text be found
※Where is this text probably taken from
※In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
考法2 确定作者的身份或读者对象
推断作者身份或读者对象其实就是解决"谁写的"或"写给谁看的"问题。考生可以根据文中出现的人称、语言特征等来判断作者身份;根据文中出现的交际对象的指示代词、叙述语气以及细节关键词等对读者身份进行推断。
该类题目常见的设问形式有:
※Who are the intended readers of the passage
※Who is the passage probably intended for
考法3 预测行文走向
预测行文走向,也就是预测文章内容,这类题目要求考生根据语篇猜测下文可能涉及的内容或对事件可能出现的结局进行预测。此类题目难度较大,考生做题时一般要通读全文,把握作者的写作思路、文章的篇章结构和末段含义,找准段落之间的联系或事件发展的趋势,从而作出合理的推测。
此类题目常见的设问形式:
※What might be talked about next
※What might the author talk about in the following part
※What will the paragraph following the passage most probably be about
The widespread sedentary(久坐不动的)lifestyle has become a problem in America, fueling the rising obesity(肥胖)rate.
Now a new study finds that being surrounded by active friends can help a person living a sedentary lifestyle get more exercise each day. Researchers found that people in social groups where exercise is valued are more likely to be more active themselves. Lonely people are more likely to live sedentary lifestyles without another person around to give them a boost. The findings highlight the idea that the company a person keeps can be a boost to their overall health and direction in life.
Dr. Diana Thomas, a professor at a military school and study author, said that the idea for the research came from real life experiences on the campus. Her team had noticed a trend of people becoming more interested in fitness and other activities once arriving at the school. This is not usually the case at other schools and workplaces, where there is no significant impact on fitness. Thomas believed that this trend could be the result of in-group social conditioning, where people will take part in activities that others around them are doing.
People whose data were gathered for the study were split into three groups based on their physical activity level—sedentary, moderately active and extremely active. Moderately active folks were the most important for drawing people who are sedentary to become active, and to sustain that activity. Thomas explained that sedentary people would be unlikely to change their behavior when placed in a group of the extremely active, as it would seem unattainable.
1Why does the author mention the rising obesity rate in the first paragraph
A.To make comparisons. B.To introduce the topic.
C.To support the argument. D.To provide examples.
2What helps a sedentary person become active
A.Volunteering in social groups. B.Working in a caring company.
C.Joining sports-loving friends. D.Giving a lonely neighbor a boost.
3What might have caused the trend at the military school
A.Requirements from the school. B.People’s natural addiction to sports.
C.Social interaction within a group. D.Competition against other schools.
4Why are extremely active people less influential according to Dr. Thomas
A.They have no appeal for sedentary people.
B.They are unwilling to involve sedentary people.
C.They themselves often fail to sustain exercising.
D.They seem like an example beyond sedentary people.
Passage 2
Pieter Bruegel’s iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were. "Nowadays, however, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee-height. The reduced height is essentially a consequence of being bred (培育)along with genes for increasing production to feed a growing population," biologist De Smet explained.
De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time. He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen, a friend since childhood, to document such artwork around the world. They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape, color and size.
Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum, where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting. It appeared to be pale and white on the inside. Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea. "No, this is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have looked like," he explained.
Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century. "With all the genetic knowledge we now have, we can look at how something comes about in more detail,"De Smet said. "For example, until the 18th century, European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings—they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties."
Ultimately, the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. "However," Vergauwen reminds, "if you're going to use, for example, Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century, you might be misled."
1What can we learn about the painting The Harvesters
A.It shows how people successfully grew wheat.
B.It proves that wheat was much shorter in the past.
C.It explains the consequence of different breeding methods.
D.It gives clues about how wheat in the 16th century looked like.
2What inspired the research team to start their study
A.Their preference for food crops. B.Their friendship since childhood.
C.Their divided views on an old painting. D.Their shared interest in Hermitage Museum.
3What is the message from Vergauwen in the last paragraph
A.Art enthusiasts are not careful enough. B.Abstract paintings often mislead people.
C.The source paintings need to be realistic. D.Picasso’s paintings are hard to understand.
4What is the purpose of the text
A.To comment on historical plant paintings.
B.To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.
C.To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.
D.To introduce a study on food crop transformation.
Passage 3
There was a unique restaurant in London that beat out thousands of stylish restaurants to earn the top ranking on the popular TripAdvisor, despite not existing.
The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake(假的) TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a "false reality", despite millions of genuine reviews. He decided to see how far he could take a fake restaurant on the site so "The Shed at Dulwich" was born. Butler created a web page with a menu based on emotions and attractive photographs of dishes. He also listed its location as the street he lived on with no address, calling it an "appointment-only restaurant", to avoid being attacked by fact-checkers.
The Shed was unexpectedly approved by TripAdvisor to be listed in May, starting out as the 18,149th ranked restaurant in the city: dead last. Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. "Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit," one wrote. "After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in." Soon the customers started calling. "We’re fully booked," Butler told the would-be diners. However, the restaurant’s reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor’s rankings. Some companies used an estimated location of The Shed on the network search engine to send free samples to Butler, expecting to work with him. In November, Butler received a note from TripAdvisor saying The Shed had become the No.1 ranked restaurant in London!
Butler thought it was time to expose the trick. The story has been praised as an incredible feat(壮举). However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online, it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.
1What does Oobah Butler think of TripAdvisor
A.It is a reliable information source. B.It creates a false sense of reality.
C.It has too many genuine reviews. D.It is a useful tool for his part-time job.
2How was The Shed ranked the No.1 restaurant
A.By offering discounts and special deals.
B.By sending free samples to customers.
C.By flooding the site with fake reviews.
D.By getting a specific location on the network search engine.
3What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Butler earned people's trust. B.False information can be disastrous.
C.Online information is threatening our safety. D.Online platforms are totally unreliable now.
4What message does the story convey
A.No investigation, no right to speak. B.Well begun is half done.
C.Honesty is the best policy. D.Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
Passage 4
Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and sugary foods provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum(神秘果), a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don't taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mostly used as a sweetener to have with sour foods and drinks, says Dèdéou from a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(神秘果蛋白)is very appreciated by local consumers, especially the kids and people with diabetes.
Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t available worldwide. The berries don’t travel well and the plant is slow to grow.
To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoué whose team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year,a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因组) of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Ba a Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around￡18 for a pack of 10. If you can afford it, the berry's taste-twisting power is fun to try at home. Let the tablet melt on your tongue, then try tasting acidic foods such as lemons. The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes.
1What do we know about Synsepalum dulcificum
A.It contains high calories. B.It is related to weight gain.
C.It tastes unusually sweet. D.It serves as a sugar replacement.
2What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Efforts made to obtain more miraculin.
B.The genome published to help do the research.
C.Creation advocated to produce miracle berries.
D.Transformations performed to engineer tomatoes.
3What can we say about tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries
A.They are sour. B.They are inexpensive.
C.They are accessible. D.They are productive.
4What is the author’s attitude to getting the sugar alternative
A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic.
C.Defensive. D.Conservative.
Passage 5
If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble. Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.
Running
"Running is one of the best calorie burners out there," qualified personal trainer Daniel Saltos says. An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1,000 calories in one hour of running. "Speed, pace, and endurance are all factors that can impact this range. But running uses every muscle group in the body, allowing you to burn more calories."
Swimming
"Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 200 to 300 calories in just 30 minutes," Saltos says. Swimming also improves heart health and increases strength—all great reasons for playing in the water.
Boxing
Not only is boxing a great way to release energy, but it also helps improve balance, builds up endurance and strengthens the upper body and core. "Boxing helps you burn calories well, too, with the average person burning up 500 to 800 calories in an hour session," Saltos says.
Rowing
The pushing and pulling motion of rowing machines targets multiple muscle groups including the arms, core, and back, helping you to burn more calories. "An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average," Saltos says.
1Which sport can burn the most calories per hour
A.Boxing. B.Running.
C.Swimming. D.Rowing.
2What is the advantage of swimming according to the text
A.It enhances balance. B.It improves tolerance.
C.It produces low impact. D.It builds muscle groups.
3Who is the text intended for
A.Great athletes. B.Fitness experts.
C.Sports reporters. D.Overweight persons.
Passage 6
Intro
Our Online Chinese Summer Camp program is a wonderful, immersive online Chinese learning experience specifically designed for learning Chinese remotely.
Suitable Age
Kids aged 10 to 17
Camp Content
Interactive Chinese lessons, cultural activities and virtual trips
Schedule
Monday to Friday
The class time is scheduled according to different time zones
Camp Levels
Online Chinese Camp for the summer season is divided into 2 levels—Non-Native Chinese Camp for beginner to intermediate levels and Chinese Camp for intermediate to advanced levels.
Ready to Sign Up
Contact us (www.) and we will be happy to answer your questions and help you choose the right camp. Don’t forget to ask us about early bird price!
1What is the text
A.A course review. B.A commercial ad.
C.An academic article. D.An activity schedule.
2What can kids do in Chinese Camp
A.Improve integrated Chinese skills. B.Make up basic Chinese dialogues.
C.Learn characters through fun stories. D.Prepare for advanced vocabulary tests.
3What can we learn about the program
A.It involves skills for camping trips. B.It offers a discount if you book earlier.
C.It has a fixed timetable regardless of time zones. D.It includes off-line interactive activities in China.
Passage 7
Located among the forests where eagles fly overhead, Jabal Sawda has long been one of Saudi Arabia’s best places for mountaineers. At 2,999m, Jabal Sawda had been considered the kingdom’s highest peak until twin mountaineers, Matthew and Eric Gilbertson, climbed it in 2018, finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa.
For more than a decade, the twins have traveled to one country after another around the world, rewriting the mountain record books about places across the Middle East and West Africa. So far they have reached the peaks of more than 100 countries and newly identified the highest points in Togo, Guinea-Bissau and Ivory Coast.
Matthew, a research scientist at Lockheed Martin in Palo Alto, California, and Eric, an instructor in mechanical engineering at Seattle University, said their work was motivated by a need for accuracy and love for mountaineering. "If we’re going to go through all the effort to visit a country and visit the highest mountain, we want to be sure that we have indeed visited the highest mountain," Matthew said. "We consider it assistance to future mountaineers to have an accurate survey done so that they can focus their efforts on getting to whichever peak they want to get to."
The twins’ love of mountaineering began when they were children with family trips to the Great Smoky Mountains in the southeastern United States. When they were students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), they started climbing as many mountains as possible. In 2012, after achieving their goal of reaching the highest point of each US state, they turned their attention to the rest of the world.
1What can we learn about Jabal Sawda
A.It’s Saudi Arabia’s best place. B.It’s lower than Jabal Ferwa.
C.It’s Saudi Arabia’s highest peak. D.It’s better-known than Jabal Ferwa.
2Why have the twins traveled to different countries in past years
A.To write books about mountains. B.To rename the peaks of mountains.
C.To measure their highest mountain. D.To admire good views of the mountain.
3What do Matthew’s words indicate about their work in paragraph 3
A.It satisfies their need for accuracy.
B.It deepens their love for climbing.
C.It makes them focus their efforts on life.
D.It helps climbers choose their destination.
4What might the following paragraph talk about
A.The twins’ other goals in their life.
B.The twins’ experiences in other countries.
C.The twins’ influence on other mountaineers.
D.The twins’ achievements in finding peaks.
Passage 8
Every Monday morning retired GP(全科医生) Dr.Dominique Hérault leaves his home in northwestern France and drives 25 miles to work at an unusual health centre. The medical centre, set up to address a shortage of local GPs, is entirely staffed by retired doctors and medical students.
All over Europe, people are reaching retirement age, taking a pension(养老金), and then getting a job. According to the most recent Labour Force Survey, more than 5 million of the 200 million Europeans working in 2019 were over the age of 65, marking an increase of 82 per cent in 15 years.
Reasons for joining the ranks of the so-called "unretired" vary, though only a fifth of workers over 65 take jobs solely out of financial necessity, according to Eurofound, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Most do it because they love their jobs: EU statistics show that 93 per cent of earners aged 65 to 74 are happy in their employment. This return to the workforce keeps economists happy too. "More employment among people post-retirement stimulates the economy and is good for everyone as long as they want to work," says Hans Dubois, research manager at Eurofound.
While it’s possible that older and younger generations sometimes compete for jobs, Dubois points out that part-time work and certain positions—like ones that involve mentoring(指导)—may actually be better suited to older employees.
There are also clear mental and physical health benefits when pensioners pursue an occupation. Research based on the ongoing Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe(SHARE) shows the unretired have better mobility, feel healthier, and report a better quality of life than their retired peers. In addition, they are less depressed and have a sharper memory.
1Why is the health centre unusual in the first paragraph
A.It serves special patients. B.Its expenses are quite high.
C.Its employees are special. D.It is a non-profit organization.
2What does Labour Force Survey report show
A.The ageing society is becoming more and more serious.
B.The unemployment among young people is increasing in society.
C.People over 65 years old become the main body of the labour force.
D.The number of people over 65 years old is increasing in the labour market.
3Why do most elderly people choose re-employment
A.The economic stress. B.The policy requirements.
C.The enthusiasm for work. D.The prevention of illness.
4In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Entertainment. B.Health.
C.Society. D.Finance.
【解析】 一项研究发现,身边都是爱运动的朋友的话,久坐不动的人每天也会多参加体育锻炼的。
1.B 理解目的 作者在第二段介绍了一项研究发现,根据研究发现的内容可知,第一段提到美国肥胖率上升的问题旨在引出话题,故B项正确。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"being surrounded by active friends can help a person living a sedentary lifestyle get more exercise each day"可知,如果久坐不动的人身边围绕着爱运动的朋友,他们每天也会多多锻炼,因此和爱运动的朋友在一起有助于久坐不动的人多运动,故C项正确。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"Thomas believed that this trend could be the result of in-group social conditioning"并结合选项可知,军事学院的这种趋势是由群体内社交互动造成的,故C项正确。
4.D 推断 根据最后一段中的"sedentary people would be unlikely to change their behavior when placed in a group of the extremely active, as it would seem unattainable"可知,超级爱锻炼的人标准太高,久坐不动的人无法达到他们的锻炼强度,据此可以推断,他们可能不适合久坐不动的人效仿,所以对久坐不动的人影响不大,故D项正确。unattainable"无法达到的; 无法获得的"。
【二次精读】
核心单词:boost n. 帮助,激励;增长,提高 v. 使增长,使兴旺
核心短语:split...into...把……分成……
高级句式:Thomas believed that this trend could be the result of in-group social conditioning,
宾语从句
{where people will take part in activities (that others around them are doing)}.
定语从句,修饰conditioning 定语从句,修饰activities
【解析】 写实的历史艺术作品能让我们追踪粮食作物随时间发生的变化。生物学家De Smet与艺术史学家Vergauwen合作在世界各地记录这些艺术作品。他们主要关注那些能发现形状、颜色和大小变化的东西。该团队希望最终创建一个历史植物艺术作品的在线研究数据库。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第一段内容可知,在该作品中小麦几乎和人们一样高,即人们可以看到16世纪的小麦看起来是什么样的。故D项正确。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"Their interest... had a different idea"可知,该团队的两人对博物馆内一幅17世纪早期的画有奇怪的西瓜的作品有了不同的看法,所以对艺术作品中的植物开始感兴趣。故C项正确。
3.C 推断 根据最后一段中的"if you're going to use... you might be misled"可知,如果你要用毕加索的画来尝试理解20世纪早期的梨是什么样的,你可能会被误导。故可推知,Vergauwen是想说画作本身应该真实,故C项正确。
4.D 理解目的 文章第一段介绍一幅画作,引出小麦变化的问题,后续讲述一个团队通过研究历史艺术作品来追踪粮食作物变化问题,故D项正确。
【技巧点拨】
依据主旨和文体推意图
作者一般不会在文章中直接表明写作意图,考生需要通过厘清全篇的逻辑关系,仔细分析文章的细节,进而推断作者的意图。推断作者的写作意图,还要综合考量文章的主旨和文体特点:
1.通过文章主旨来推断作者的写作意图。通常议论文、说明文等的主旨包含在文章开头,用略读法抓住文章的主旨,可以快速推断出作者的写作意图。
2.通过文章的文体推断作者的写作意图。
(1)议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某种观点或某种做法。
(2)说明文是对客观事物的说明或对抽象事理的阐释,事物说明文的目的通常是使读者认识和了解某事物。
(3)记叙文的目的一般是讲述一个有趣的或有教育意义的故事或经历,使读者从中得到乐趣或者某种启示。
(4)广告类文章一般是要推销某种产品或服务,目的通常是吸引更多的顾客、游客、读者或观众等。
【二次精读】
核心单词:essentially adv. 本质上,根本上 consequence n. 结果,后果 assume v. 假定,假设,认为 ultimately adv. 最终,最后
高级句式:if you’re going to use, (for example), Picasso to try and understand (how a pear looked in the early
条件状语从句 插入语 宾语从句
20th century), you might be misled.
【考点突破】
理解目的要求考生根据文章内容,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的,表意图或目的的常见表达有:to illustrate/show(表明),to explain(解释),to highlight/stress(强调),to introduce/recommend(介绍),to predict(预告),to prove(证实),to amuse/entertain readers(娱乐读者),to reach a conclusion(得出结论),to present an argument(提出论点)。作者一般不会直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章的具体内容向读者传达某种观点或想法。这类题要求考生不仅要能够理解文章大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
1.段落/细节写作目的
考查文中某段或某细节的写作目的,常见的设问方式有:
※Why does the author mention...
※What does the author intend to do in Paragraph...
※What is the purpose of the last part of the text
※Why is...mentioned in Paragraph...
2.篇章写作目的
考查文章整体的写作目的,常见的设问方式有:
※What is the purpose of the text
※What does the story intend to tell us
※What does the writer of the story want to tell us
【解析】 本文主要讲的是一个根本不存在的独特的餐厅,经过网上虚假的评论后,成为TripAdvisor网站排名第一的餐厅。
1.B 理解观点、态度 根据第二段中的"The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler...writing fake(假的) TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a ‘false reality’, despite millions of genuine reviews"可知,Oobah Butler认为TripAdvisor这个网站创造了一种虚假的真实感。故选B项。
2.C 推断 根据倒数第二段中的"Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews"和"the restaurant's reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor’s rankings"可知,Butler开始让家人和朋友在这个网站上发布假的评论,进而让很多人都信以为真,这家餐厅的声誉开始在TripAdvisor的排名中上升。由此可知,通过让假消息充斥整个网站,The Shed成为排名第一位的餐厅,故选C项。
3.B 推断 根据最后一段中的"However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online...with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results"可知,不诚实的行为者能够轻松地操纵网络平台,有时会产生难以想象的后果。由此可推断,虚假信息可能是灾难性的,故选B项。
4.A 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 根据The Shed的例子和最后一段中的"However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online...with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results"可知,在一个越来越受到网络上所有虚假信息影响的时代,这个故事也再次提醒人们,不诚实的行为者能够轻松地操纵网络平台,有时会产生难以想象的后果。由此可知,在这个信息时代,人们不能在不知事情真相的情况下胡乱写一些虚假的评论,也就是说"没有调查就没有发言权"。故选A项。
【解析】 研究表明,原产于西非的神秘果有望成为糖的替代品。本文还介绍了一些国家为创造神秘果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"One promising alternative...taste unusually sweet"可知,神秘果有望作为糖的替代品,它本身尝起来不甜,但同酸的食品搭配食用时,会非常甜,故D项正确。
2.A 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 通读第四段可知,为了创造一种神秘果蛋白的替代来源,日本的研究人员对西红柿的基因进行了改造;中国海南大学的一个团队也对神秘果的基因进行了研究。据此可知,该段主要介绍了一些国家为创造神秘果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力,故A项正确。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据尾段的"You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online"可知,这种冷冻干燥的神秘果片剂可以在网上购得,故这种产品是可以获得的。
4.B 理解观点、态度 根据尾段的"You can order tablets...The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes"可知,这种神秘果片剂可以网购获得,虽然价格昂贵,但是如果你能负担得起的话,在家里尝试它是很有趣的。据此可以推知,作者对这种糖的替代品持乐观态度,故B项正确。
【技巧点拨】
描述人物观点、态度的形容词小结
对原文信息线索和选项进行褒贬分析有助于快速确定答案。作者或文中人物的观点态度大多分为肯定、否定、客观等类别,积累相关的词语有助于解答此类题目。
1.肯定类
enthusiastic热情的 optimistic 乐观的 positive 积极乐观的
favorable/approving/supportive/sympathetic赞成的/支持的
2.否定类
negative消极的 disapproving不赞成的 opposed反对的
critical批判的 concerned/worried担忧的 pessimistic悲观的
suspicious/doubtful/skeptical怀疑的
3.客观类
objective客观的 neutral中立的 unprejudiced没有偏见的
4.其他类
uncertain不确定的 cautious谨慎的
indifferent/uncaring/unconcerned/uninterested漠不关心的
【二次精读】
核心单词:available adj. 可用的,可获得的;有空的 shortage n. 短缺,不足 alternative n. 可供选择的事物,替代物 adj. 可供替代的 enlarge v. 扩大,增大,放大 pricey adj. 高价的,昂贵的
难句分析:To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have
动词不定式短语作目的状语
genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoué whose
动词不定式短语作目的状语 定语从句
team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa.
译文:为了创造一种神秘果蛋白的替代来源,日本筑波大学的研究人员对西红柿进行了基因改造,以产生这种蛋白质,但Tchokponhoué说这并不是必要的,他的团队正在努力帮助扩大西非神秘果的产量。
【考点突破】
理解观点、态度类的题目旨在考查考生对作者或者文中人物的观点或态度的理解能力,要求考生具备较高层次的阅读理解能力,在理解文意的基础上就作者或文中人物对某个人或事物所持的态度进行推理判断。有时文中没有直接表明相关人物的观点态度的词句,需要考生结合文中描述该人物语气、动作、表情的词句及他人的评价等信息来推断其观点或态度。
此类试题题干中常见的关键词有attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard,feel about,think of等。
常见的设问形式有:
※What is the author's attitude to/towards...
※What does the author think of...
※How does the author feel about...
※Which of the following can best describe the author's attitude to/towards...
【解析】 本文介绍了最能燃烧卡路里的四项运动。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据Running中的"An average person...hour of running"可知,一个普通人在一小时的跑步中可以消耗500到1 000卡路里的热量。根据Swimming中的"Swimming is a...just 30 minutes"可知,游泳在短短30分钟内仍然可以燃烧200到300卡路里。根据Boxing中的"Boxing helps you...an hour session"可知,拳击一小时能燃烧500到800卡路里。根据Rowing中的"An hour of...calories on average"可知,一小时的划船平均可以燃烧400到600卡路里。由此可知,跑步每小时燃烧的卡路里最多。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据Swimming中的"Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body"可知,游泳对身体的影响小。
3.D 理解文章结构、类型(读者对象) 通读全文,尤其是第一段的内容可知,本文旨在介绍四项帮助减肥的运动。由此可推知,本篇文章是写给肥胖者的。
【技巧点拨】
读者对象三步推断法
1.确定文章主题和内容。从文章内容入手,明确文章主题,可根据包含文章主旨的段落推断读者群体。
2.分析措辞和语言特征。把握文章的特点,分析作者的措辞和语言特征,再结合选项,判断文章适合哪一类读者群体,最终得出答案。
3.明确代词的指代对象。明确信息句中代词的指代对象是正确推断读者对象的关键。
【二次精读】
核心单词:qualified adj. 具备……的学历(或资历)的;符合资格 endurance n. 耐力 session n.一段时间,一场
核心短语:(be) tired of厌倦…… build up加强 on average平均
【解析】 本文介绍了一个在线汉语夏令营项目的相关信息。
1.B 理解文章结构、类型(文章类型) 根据Intro部分的内容以及Ready to Sign Up 部分的内容可知,本文是一则在线汉语夏令营的广告,介绍了针对人群、要求和内容等相关信息。故B项正确。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据表格中的"Fun and interactive online lessons to improve 4 language skills—Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing"可知,孩子们在汉语营可以提高综合汉语技能。故A项正确。
3.B 推断 根据Ready to Sign Up 部分的"Don’t forget to ask us about early bird price!"可推知,你如果提前预订,就能享受折扣价。故B项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词:immersive adj. 沉浸式虚拟现实的 specifically adv. 特意,专门地 virtual adj. 虚拟的,模拟的 intermediate adj. 中级的,适合中等程度者的 n.中级学生
核心短语:be divided into 被分成……
【解析】 一对双胞胎致力于测量各地的最高山峰,以便后来的登山者有准确的数据来确定目的地。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第一段最后一句中的"finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa"可知,它比Jabal Ferwa低大约3米。故选B。
2.C 推断 明题意:本题问的是"为什么这对双胞胎在过去的时间里去往不同的国家 "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"For more than a decade, the twins have... rewriting the mountain record books"可知,十多年来,这对双胞胎在不同的国家旅行,重写山峰的记录;再结合本段中的"So far they have reached the peaks of more than 100 countries and newly identified the highest points"和第三段中的"If we’re going to... the highest mountain"可推知,他们这样做的目的是测量最高的山峰→定答案:A项"为了写关于山的书";B项"为了给山的顶峰重新命名";C项"为了测量最高的山峰";D项"为了欣赏好的山景"。故选C。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"We consider it assistance to future mountaineers... so that they can focus their efforts on getting to whichever peak they want to get to"可知,他们的工作提供了准确的数据,登山者可以根据这些数据选择攀登哪一座山峰。故选D。
4.B 理解文章结构、类型(行文走向) 根据最后一段中的"In 2012, after achieving their goal... they turned their attention to the rest of the world"可知,下一段可能会讲述这对双胞胎在其他国家的经历。
【二次精读】
核心单词:overhead adv.在头顶上方,在空中 mountaineer n.登山者,登山运动员 identify v.确定,发现;认出 mechanical adj.机械的 accuracy n.准确性,精确度
熟词生义:shy 常用义:adj.羞涩的 文章义:adj.不足,欠缺
We are still two players shy (of a full team).我们还缺两名队员(凑成一支队)。
He was two weeks shy of his 19th birthday when he joined the army.他参军时离19岁生日仅差两周。
难句分析:At 2,999m, Jabal Sawda had been considered the kingdom’s highest peak until twin mountaineers,
介词短语作状语 主句 时间状语从句(until...Ferwa)
(Matthew and Eric Gilbertson), climbed it in 2018, (finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa).
同位语 现在分词短语作状语
译文:Jabal Sawda高2 999米,它曾被认为是该王国最高的山峰。直到2018年,双胞胎Matthew和Eric Gilbertson攀登了这座山,发现这座山比Jabal Ferwa低了大约3米。
【解析】 这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了造成退休老人又重返工作岗位这种现象的原因以及其给社会、老年人自身带来的好处。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"The medical centre, set up to address a shortage of local GPs, is entirely staffed by retired doctors and medical students"可知,该医疗中心是为了解决当地全科医生短缺而建立的,工作人员全部都是退休医生和医学生,故选C。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"more than 5 million of the 200 million Europeans working in 2019 were over the age of 65, marking an increase of 82 per cent in 15 years"可知,15年内65岁以上的从业人员增长了82%,故选D。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"though only a fifth of workers over 65 take jobs solely out of financial necessity"和"Most do it because they love their jobs"可知,65岁以上的工作人员中,只有五分之一的人仅仅是出于经济需要而工作,大多数还是因为热爱自己的工作,故选C。
4.C 理解文章结构、类型(文章出处) 本文主要探讨了退休老人又重新工作这一社会现象、产生这种现象背后的原因以及其给个人和社会带来的好处,因此可推断出这样的文章应该出自报纸上的"社会"这一栏目,故选C项。
【技巧点拨】
锁定细节判出处
判断文章的出处和类型,可从文章内容、语言特点、标志性信息等方面来切入。
1.首段交代新闻事件的时间、地点、人物、事件或通讯社名称+语言具有很强的时效性→a news report新闻报道
2.产品/服务介绍(突出优点)+鼓励购买的语言+价格→an advertisement广告
3.文章中有click等用语→a website网站
4.旅游胜地方面的介绍→a travel guide/a guidebook旅行指南
5.时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→a magazine/an entertainment section杂志/娱乐部分
6.科普知识或研究→a science report科学报告
7.文化教育性的文章→an education section教育部分
8.营养、美食→a recipe book食谱;a health magazine健康杂志
9.生平事迹→a biography传记
10.书或电影名称+内容介绍+评价→a book/film review 书评/影评
11.其他常见出处:a chemistry paper化学论文;a medical report 医学报告;a novel 小说
【考点突破】
理解文章结构、类型题的三大考法
考法1 判断文章出处和类型
几乎所有的文章都可能涉及对文章出处和类型的考查。该类题目要求考生在具备一定常识的基础上,根据文章的体裁、题材、语言特征和标志性信息来推断文章的出处或类型。考生要对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出最佳选项。
该类题目常见的设问形式:
※What is the text
※What kind of text is it
※Where can the text be found
※Where is this text probably taken from
※In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
考法2 确定作者的身份或读者对象
推断作者身份或读者对象其实就是解决"谁写的"或"写给谁看的"问题。考生可以根据文中出现的人称、语言特征等来判断作者身份;根据文中出现的交际对象的指示代词、叙述语气以及细节关键词等对读者身份进行推断。
该类题目常见的设问形式有:
※Who are the intended readers of the passage
※Who is the passage probably intended for
考法3 预测行文走向
预测行文走向,也就是预测文章内容,这类题目要求考生根据语篇猜测下文可能涉及的内容或对事件可能出现的结局进行预测。此类题目难度较大,考生做题时一般要通读全文,把握作者的写作思路、文章的篇章结构和末段含义,找准段落之间的联系或事件发展的趋势,从而作出合理的推测。
此类题目常见的设问形式:
※What might be talked about next
※What might the author talk about in the following part
※What will the paragraph following the passage most probably be about