2024年中考英语专题课件：话题十八 世界与环境(共59张PPT)

(共59张PPT)
2024年中考英语专题
课件
第一部分 话题培优
话题十八 世界与环境
重难点突破
表达能力提升
核心素养培优
世界与环境（The world and the environment）下的子话题分别为国
家与民族（Countries and nationalities）、环境保护（Environmental
protection）、 人口（Population）。 地球是我们的家园，它与全世界各
国的生存与发展都息息相关，只有爱护和保护好环境，地球上的生物才能
和谐共生。想要熟悉并自如地表述世界与环境的相关内容，需要掌握以下
知识点。
重难点突破
01
1.population 的用法
【观察】 ① This country has the fifth biggest population in the world.
②Fifty percent of the city's population is/are men.
③ What's the population of China
【探究】population 作名词，意为“人口；人口数量”， 作主语时谓语动词
用单数形式。当前面有分数或百分数等词修饰时，表示整体中的一部分人，
谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。询问人口数量要用“What is the
population of… ”。 表示人口 “多”时用big/large, 表示人口“少”时用small。
【运用】单项选择。
（1）The population of China is ___ than that of America.
C
A.large B.small C.larger D.smaller
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
（2）The population of that city ___（be） about 2,000,000.
is
根据汉语意思完成句子。
（3）那是个很大的人口数量，但比中国的人口数量小。
That is a__________________， but ________ than that of China.
big/large population
smaller
2.not only…but also…的用法
【观察】① This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the
environment.
② Not only did he hear it, but also he saw it.
【探究】（1）not only…but also… 为并列连词，在句中常用来连接两个
对等的成分，意为“不但……而且……”。连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人
称和数上要和 but also 后的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
（2）not only…but also… 连接两个分句，当 not only 位于句首时，前
一个分句常用倒装句形式来表示强调，而 but also 后的分句仍用陈述句
语序。
【运用】单项选择。
（1）Not only his parents but also his brother___ to the Summer Palace.
They haven't been back.
D
A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone
（2）Not only I but also Jane and Mary ___ reading books. We go to
the library together every weekend.
A
A.like B.likes C.liked D.will like
（3）Not only does he ___English correctly, but also he ___ it fluently.
A. speaks; speaks B. speaks; speak
C. speak; speak D. speak; speaks
D
D
3.no longer 的用法
【观察】Without a fin（鳍）, a shark can no longer swim and dies
slowly.
【探究】no longer 意为“不再”，可以和 not…any longer 相互替换使用，
主要强调时间上的“不再”。
【拓展】no more 和 not…any more 也可表示“不再”的意思，但它们侧重
程度和数量上的“不再”。
【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（1）我姑姑不在这儿居住了。
My aunt doesn't live here ___________.
any longer
（2）我不能再等了。
I can__________ wait.
no longer
4.辨析turn on, turn off, turn up与turn down
【观察】① She always turns on the TV as soon as she gets home.
② Please turn off the light when you go out.
③ His grandpa is a little deaf, so you need to turn up the TV.
④ Turn down the radio please. Your mom is sleeping.
【探究】
短语 含义
turn on 打开（水龙头、电源等）
turn off 关掉（水龙头、电源等）
turn up 开大，调高（收音机、电视的音量）
turn down 关小，调低（收音机、电视的音量）
提示：在这些短语中on、 off、 up、 down均为副词，代词做宾语时
应放在两词之间，名词作宾语时放在两词之间或之后皆可。
【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（1）当你离开房间时，关灯是很有必要的。
It's necessary for you ____________________when you leave the room.
to turn off the lights
（2）我听不见你的声音，因此我把收音机的声音调低了。
I couldn't hear your voice so I ____________ the radio.
turned down
（3）如果不用水，你最好关掉水龙头。
You'd better _____________________if you don't use the water.
turn off the water tap
（4）莉莉非常喜欢这首歌，请把声音开大。
Lily likes this song very much. Please __________.
turn it up
5.辨析方位介词in, to与on
【观察】① Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
② Japan lies to the east of China.
③ Russia is on the north of China.
【探究】in表示A地在B地范围之内; to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之
间有距离间隔; on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。
【运用】用in, to或on填空。
（1）Hanzhong lies ___ the southwest of Shaanxi.
（2）Mongolia（蒙古国）is ____ the north of China.
（3）Singapore（新加坡） lies ___ the south of China.
in
on
to
6.辨析nature, natural与naturally
【观察】① He loves nature.
② They ate natural food like fish and vegetables.
③ All of us naturally feel terrible when things go wrong.
【探究】nature作名词，意为“大自然；自然界”； natural作形容词，意为
“自然的；天生的”；naturally作副词，意为“自然地；顺理成章地”。
【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（1）煤和石油都是自然资源。
Coal and oil are both _______ resources.
natural
（2）我们应该花更多的时间亲近大自然。
We should spend more time getting close to _______.
nature
（3）父母自然为儿女担心。
Parents _________ worry about their children.
naturally
7.辨析separate与divide
【观察】① The river separates this village from that one.
② The world is divided into seven continents.
【探究】（1）separate作动词，意为“分开；分离”，指把原来（连）在一
起或靠近的事物分隔开来，分开后的部分具有相对的独立性，常与介词
from连用。
（2）divide作动词，意为“分开；分散；分割”，指把整体分成若干部分，
常与介词into连用。
【运用】用separate或divide的适当形式填空。
（1）This is a big box of apples. Please ________ the good ones from
the bad ones.
（2）The students are ________ into four groups to discuss the problem.
separate
divided
表达能力提升
02
Ⅰ.补全对话
根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复
完整。
A: Summer vacation is coming. What is your plan
B: 1.______________.I am thinking about it. What about you
A: I'm going to do some volunteer work in the Qinling Mountains.
B: 2.______________________
I have no idea
What will you do there
A: I'll pick up rubbish there. You know some visitors often throw empty
bottles and plastic bags around while they are climbing the mountains.
B: Oh, that's bad behavior. 3._______________________
A: Yes, there are many people with me to work there. Brother Liu has
organized a volunteer team to pick up the rubbish.
4.________________________.
B: He drives you there How great he is! Can I join you
Is there anyone with you
He always drives us there
A: Of course. We need more people to join us to protect the
environment.
B: 5.________________________________
A: At 7:00 this Saturday morning. You can just wait for us at the gate
of the Sports Center.
B: OK. Bye.
A: Bye-bye.
When shall we go there next time
Ⅱ.书面表达
（2023·武威中考）假设你是李
辉。你校英语报“Protect the
Environment”专栏面向全校学生征集
主题海报及宣传稿，需要用英语向
大家宣讲环保的意义及作为中学生
应怎样保护环境。请你根据以下海
报提示，以Save the Earth: Let's Do
Our Part!为题，用英语给专栏写一篇稿件。
要求：1. 包括提示中所有的写作要点；
2.条理清楚，行文连贯，可适当发挥；
3.稿件中不能出现真实的人名和地名等信息；
4.词数：不少于70。（题目和开头已给出，但不计入总词数。）
Save the Earth: Let's Do Our Part!
The earth is the only home for everyone on it. It's crying for our
help now. _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
As middle school students, we have the power to make a
difference and help save the earth!
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
To protect the earth, we can start by saving water, planting more
trees, and reducing pollution. We can also save animals and recycle
whenever possible.
We can also choose to ride a bike instead of driving a car to help
stop pollution, and make sure to always throw trash in the proper bins.
By doing our part, we can make a positive impact on the environment
and create a better future for ourselves and generations to come.
核心素养培优
03
Ⅰ.完形填空
（2022·宜昌中考改编）阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的
四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Ever since “Mother Nature” gave me life, I expected to grow tall
and big.
As a young . .1. ., I was well protected in the forest. I used to have
a good time with my friends under the blue sky and . .2. . the river. Our
only purpose was to stand high. My pal, Tim often said, “All I ask for
is to be . .3. . the whole day.”
More than 300 days passed and we grew straight. Until one day, our
first birthday, people came, moved us from the . .4. . and put us on their
trucks. “I don't want to go!” Tim cried.
After a long journey, we arrived in a completely different place with
nothing green. Here we were planted in a line. . .5. . the wind blew
strongly, I could not even open my eyes to see Tim clearly beside me.
So we needed enough . .6. . to grow thicker and higher to stop the wind.
As time went by, we finally . .7. . much stronger. I could keep my
eyes open in the wind! I even found the blue sky was back!
This was no longer a no-man's-land, and hundreds of visitors came
here. A man took a picture of us with his camera, “Thank you. We can
enjoy clear days . .8. . worrying about sand storms.” A young girl jumping
up and down came over and . .9. . me. “Thank you,” she said.
“It's you that have turned the desert into a green land!”
Tim and I smiled at each other, feeling . .10. .. The sun was shining
brightly in the bluer sky.
1.( ) A.tree B.fish C.girl D.boy
A
2.( ) A.in B.along C.under D.on
B
3.( ) A.smart B.happy C.busy D.thin
B
4.( ) A.beach B.lake C.house D.earth
D
5.( ) A.Though B.Unless C.Because D.Until
C
6.( ) A.desert B.wind C.sand D.water
D
7.( ) A.became B.smelt C.sounded D.remained
A
8.( ) A.from B.about C.without D.of
C
9.( ) A.asked B.hugged C.invited D.kicked
B
10.( ) A.tired B.bored C.proud D.surprised
C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
第一节：阅读下面两篇短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或
完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。
（A）（2023·安徽中考）
There are about 8,000 million people living on our planet, but some
of them don't have enough food. Last year, more than 820 million people
suffered from hunger. That's sad. What's more, it shouldn't be a problem
since the world wastes about 930 million tons of food each year.
XYZ Food Bank is working to help fix the problem. Now, you can,
too! Just drop off some food so that we can continue to feed the needy.
We accept:
Canned food Biscuits Rice
Boxed juice Noodles Candy
＊No opened food.
＊No expired（过期的）food.
＊No food that needs to be in a fridge.
Come and offer your help! Every little bit makes a difference.
Email us at stophunger @ .
1.How many people suffered from hunger last year ( )
A
A.Over 820 million. B.About 930 million.
C.Over 7,180 million. D.About 8,000 million.
2.Which of the following can you drop off at XYZ Food Bank ( )
B
A.Ice cream. B.Canned food. C.Expired food. D.Opened food.
3.What's the purpose of the text ( )
C
A.To introduce a traditional bank. B.To present some world problems.
C.To ask people to give away food. D.To tell people to protect the earth.
（B）（2023·温州中考）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
E-waste
Electronic waste （e-waste） comes from computers, cameras,
phones, fridges, TVs and so on.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
How much e-waste has been produced
_____________________
There is too much e-waste on the earth. In the past ten years,
506.5 Mt of e-waste has been produced. That is as heavy as about
50,149 Eiffel Towers.
续表
What can we do with e-waste
E-waste is harmful to the environment. Repeat the three words in
our life: reduce, reuse and recycle. Here are some examples.
◆Quadloop
created solar lanterns with e-waste.
◆Junichi Kawanishi
turned about 79,000 tons of e-waste into medals.
续表
◆Mixed Reality Lab
designed educational toys with e-waste for poor kids.
◆Alex Lin
recycled about 136 tons of broken computers into ones that can be
used again.
续表
1.In 2022, how much e-waste was produced in the world ( )
A
A.59.4 Mt. B.53.6 Mt. C.48.2 Mt. D.39.8 Mt.
2.What did Alex Lin do with e-waste ( )
D
A.He made medals. B.He created lanterns.
C.He designed toys. D.He recycled computers.
3.In which part of a website can we read the page ( )
D
A.Food. B.Health. C.Travel. D.Environment.
第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
（C）（2023·广州中考改编）
Years ago, green was simply a color. Now it's much more! In the
1970s, some people began to worry about what we did to mother Earth.
1.___ It is a big idea that touches governments all over the world, and a
small idea that touches us all in our homes.
B
Architects （建筑师） and building engineers are thinking about how
to make buildings greener. These days, green architecture is becoming
more and more popular. 2.___
We need to be very careful about the materials （材料） we use. It
is better to choose renewable materials—those that the Earth replaces
quickly. 3.___ Also, for those materials that are not renewable, we need
to use them as little as possible. Our mother Earth has offered us many
other possibilities, such as wind and solar power.
D
A
Planners must think about the needs of those who will spend time in
green buildings. In many cases, green energy is more comfortable for
people. 4.___ Natural lighting is often kinder to the eyes than electric
lighting. In fact, many people who live or work in green buildings report
feeling happier and healthier.
F
5.___ For example, they might try to use as little land as possible. If a
building covers a large area, there will be less space for plants and trees.
They also have to think about cutting down waste and pollution while
the building work is going on.
Although green buildings are more expensive to build, they are less
expensive to run.
G
A. Or we can reuse some materials.
B. As a result, green thinking was born.
C. We can use new materials,too.
D. To understand it, we have to look at three different areas.
E. That's why many people like the color green so much.
F. For example, natural wind brings people cleaner and fresher air.
G. Architects must consider what the building will do to the
environment.
Ⅲ.完成句子：根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。
1.（2023·武威中考）“林业英雄”郭万刚在过去的四十年里在腾格里沙漠上
建起了一道绿色屏障。
Guo Wangang, the forestry hero, _________ a green belt in the Tengger
Desert over the past 40 years.
has built
2.据说电动汽车将会对环境保护做出宝贵的贡献。
________ that the electric cars will make a valuable contribution to the
environmental protection.
It's said
3.为了保护环境，我们应该多种树。
____________________ the environment, we should plant more trees.
To/In order to protect
4.她特别渴望离开城市，回归自然。
She was ____________________get away from cities and go back to
nature.
very anxious/eager to
5.环境问题直接影响人们的生活质量。
Environmental problems directly ______ the quality of people's lives.
affect
Ⅳ.短文填空
（2023·随州中考改编）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文
完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）
harm, China, study, trade, kill, group, endanger, slow, strong, they
Save the Sharks!
Many have heard of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish
is especially popular in southern 1.______. But do you realize that you're
2._______ a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup
China
killing
When people catch sharks, they cut off 3._____ fins and throw the
sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also 4.________
to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and
5._______ dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean's
ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all
ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be 6.___________ because
they are the 7._________ in their food chain. But in fact, around 70
million sharks are caught and 8._______ in this industry every year. The
numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the
last 20 to 30 years.
their
harmful
slowly
endangered
strongest
traded
Environmental protection 9._______ around the world, such as
WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. They
have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark
fins. So far, no scientific 10._______ have shown that shark fins are
good for health, so why eat them Help save the sharks!
groups
studies
Ⅴ.任务型阅读
（2023·福建中考改编）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
In the past nine years, Li Jin, who was born in Guangxi but raised
in Sanya, has made great efforts to protect the waters of Sanya city in
Hainan. He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection
through new media platforms （媒体平台）.
Around 2014, he began doing volunteer work to clear rubbish from
the beaches and officially registered （注册） as a volunteer in May,
2017. Li Jin immediately took the lead in a cleanup activity on the
Sanya River.
In April, 2021, he used his own money to set up a volunteer service
center which has 1, 170 registered members who take part in activities
without asking for payment. So far, he has spent about 3, 800 hours on
volunteer activities in over 550 events. More than 2, 300 people have
joined in with his encouragement. They've drawn the attention of both
the adults （成年人） and the children to the importance of protecting
the oceans and beaches. Since it was set up, his center has organized 51
beach-cleaning activities that have seen about 1, 800 people join in. In
2021, because of Li's growing influence in environmental protection
circles, the city government invited him to make a number of short
videos, in which he uses simple words to explain how to protect the
environment. Several of the videos have been watched millions of times.
“My volunteer work would be meaningless if I got paid. But the
work itself is of great value. So I will continue doing the environmental
protection work,” he said.
1.What is Li Jin trying hard to protect
He is trying hard to protect ___________________.
the waters of Sanya
2.How many people join Li Jin's volunteer service center
______people join Li Jin's volunteer service center.
1,170
3.What can we know about the videos Li Jin made
Some of them are a ________.
success
4.What do you think of Li Jin according to the passage
I think he is a（an）________________________man.
strong-minded and selfless
5.What is the text mainly about
It's mainly about a hero praised for ______________.
volunteer work
thanks