2024年中考英语阅读理解答题技巧 课件

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中考英语阅读理解
题型分析
1
解题时，一定要有“题型分类” 思想，因为不同的题型有不同的特征，不同的题型特征又对应着不同的解题技巧。
根据题型的特征，阅读理解题型可分为：
（1）细节理解题
（2）主旨大意题
（3）词义猜测题
（4）推理判断题
细节理解题
细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力。内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。
细节理解题常见的提问形式：
(1)特殊疑问词提问类型
When can you go to...
Where can...
How many ways can...
We can learn from the last paragraph that ______.
You may... because...
(2)True or NOT true 是非判断类型
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
Which of the following is TRUE
Which of the following is NOT true
Which of the following is true EXCEPT________
【关键词】 5W1H（WHAT, WHY, WHERE, WHO, WHICH, HOW）、TRUE、FALSE、EXCEPT 、NOT true
细节理解题的特点:
1.正确答案常见特征为:等价替换 。
凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
2. 干扰项常见错误有：
（1）无中生有：文章中并未提及该对象；
（2）张冠李戴：将若干个考查对象混淆；
（3）以偏概全: 以部分代替所有；
解题技巧：
1、划 2、定 3、比
【步骤1】划：划出题干关键词
定位关键词的选择原则：
（1）明显定位标志
大写字母
数字
敏感词(序数词，最高级，唯一性only unique)
（2）核心含义定位
优先选择n.最好所有n.都找到
其次 adj / adv
最后是v.
注意：关键词数量一般2-4个最佳，以防1个词无法定位。
【步骤2】定：定位原文（句子/段落）
【细节题出题点】
（1）中心句(段首句，段尾句)
（2）转折关系：however, but ,yet
（3）因果关系：because，so
（4）举例关系:for example; for instance；such as
（5）敏感词(唯一性信息):最高级;序数词;only, unique
（6）特殊符号: ——、 “ ”、 ：、 （ ）、
【步骤3】比：对比原文和选项
正确选项特征：
（1）原文复现
（2）同义替换
（3）信息整合
（4）语气委婉（may, might），无绝对化词汇（must, only, never, none）
干扰性特征：
（1）无中生有
（2）与原文相反
（3）半错半对
（4）偷换概念
主旨大意题
主旨大意题的测试内容主要侧重“概括文章大意”和“确定文章的最佳标题”
主旨大意题常见的提问形式：
(1) The best title of this passage is...
(2) What is the main purpose of the passage
(3) What is the passage mainly about
(4) What's the main idea / topic of the passage
【关键词】 main idea , title，purpose, mainly
【解题策略】
策略1：利用转折词（but, yet, however, although ）定位并归纳主旨大意
策略2：找出各个段落的主题句（疑问句/各段首句/尾句），概括文章中心。
策略3：根据选项中关键词（名词），逆向推理并对照文章内容。
【原理】主题句+解释句+举例子+总结=TEEC
1.主题句：我的同桌是一个可靠的人。
2.解释句：她总是帮我保守秘密。
3.举例子：记得又一次,考试的时候，抄袭...欺骗老师...不能欺骗老师。
4.总结句：我的同桌真是一个可靠的人啊！
问：这篇文章主要讲了什么？
A.我的同桌是个值得信赖的人
B.不要欺骗老师
C.考试不要抄袭
D.要替他人保守秘密。
正确选项的特点:
（1）不含细节信息和表绝对意义的词,
（2）中心词多为抽象名词（chance, general, difficult, way, necessary, importance，experience等）
（3）能概括文章全部内容;
干扰选项的特点:
（1）细节性的描述
（2）范围扩大
（3）带有新出现的名词的选项
（4）带有绝对化的选项(only/must/always/never)
词义猜测题
猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
词义猜测题常见的提问形式：
1. What does the underlined word “…” mean
2. The underlined word “….” can be replaced by ________.
3. The underlined word “…” probably means ________.
4. By saying “…”, the writer means ________.
5. The word “…” in the passage probably means ________.
【关键词】mean ,meaning ,underlined
【解题策略】
原理：信息有重复
基本原则：忠于原文
1、返回原文，找出该词出现的地方
2、结合上下文，理解该单词的含义
3、若是简单的熟悉词汇，其常规字面意思必定不是正确答案
4、猜词题的答案经常隐藏在该词汇出现的地方
5、寻找时应该注意中文标注，特殊标点，定语从句，及前后缀，特别注意前后句的逻辑关系。
猜测词义的方法主要有:
【方法1】定义或解释说明
【方法2】举例说明
【方法3】同义词、近义词、反义词
【方法4】逻辑关系提示
推理判断题
中考阅读理解中，此类型题目着重考查文章的出处和读者等。
推理判断题常见的提问形式：
1.This passages is probably from _______.
2. This passage is mainly written for ____.
3. This library guide is for_______.
4. We can probably see the passage in _______.
1.常考文章来源相关单词
book review 书评
school report 科学报告
magazine 杂志
travel guide 旅游导游
website 网站
advertisement 广告
novel 小说
poster 海报
notice 通知
letter 书信
newspaper 报纸
instruction 说明书
2.常考文章读者相关单词
teacher 教师
parent 父母
child 孩子
student 学生
visitor 参观者
worker 工作人员
police 警察
teenager 青少年
【解题策略】
1. 由已知推测未知，遵循“推理有据，忠于原文”的原则。
解题要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，忠实于原文
2. 结合有关背景知识或常识来进行分析与判断。
如，报纸刊登事实报道，杂志期刊一般刊登健康、体育娱乐等指导信息，书评刊登书籍信息及感受。
3. 明确文章的体裁、题材和文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度。
（1）故事类文章（娱乐读者，让人发笑,阐述哲理）
（2）广告类文章（说服读者接受某种观点，传播信息）
（3）科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类文章(告知读者某些信息)
真题实例
2
BLike most parents, mine spent much time advising me to take part in activities outside school. However, they never forced me, and I never found anything I was interested in. Then one day a friend at school told me about a local dance group and asked if I wanted to go with her. So after school we went to talk to the dance teacher. She explained everything to us and we both decided to join.My parents were really pleased to hear I’d finally chosen dancing. They think if you develop an interest in doing something yourself, it will be easier to succeed.I’ve now been attending the dancing classes for 3 years and I really enjoy it. We are organized into age groups, and at 16 I’m now in the oldest class. There are classes of swing dance, ballet (芭蕾舞), street dance and folk dance. I practice street dance and I’m quite good at it. I also help out leading some of the younger children.We also take part in events like local and even national dance shows, and relatives turn up to see their children perform. My parents are proud of me as they tell me all the time.Now I’ll be too old to continue dancing with the group. However, I have already made plans to continue with them. The dance school has become very successful and is opening new classes. The director has asked if I’d like to be one of the group leaders and of course I said “yes”!— By Julie, 16
26. Who made Julie decide to join the local dance group A. Her parents. B. Her teacher. C. Her friend. D. Herself.27. According to Julie’s parents, what is more important to be successful A. Interest. B. Hard work. C. Courage. D. Pride.28. When did Julie attend the dancing classes A. 1 year ago. B. 2 years ago. C. 3 years ago. D. 4 years ago.29. What kind of dance is Julie good at A. Swing dance. B. Ballet. C. Street dance. D. Folk dance.30. How does Julie feel about her future development A. Unhappy. B. Clear. C. Scared. D. Worried.
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者介绍自己遵从内心兴趣选择学习舞蹈，并且明确自己未来的发展。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“Then one day a friend at school told me about a local dance group and asked if I wanted to go with her. So after school we went to talk to the dance teacher. She explained everything to us and we both decided to join.”可知，学校里的一个朋友告诉我当地有一个舞蹈团，问我是否想和她一起去。所以放学后我们去找舞蹈老师。她向我们解释了一切，我们俩都决定加入。由此可知，是作者自己想加入的，故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“They think if you develop an interest in doing something yourself, it will be easier to succeed.”可知，他们认为，如果你培养了自己做某事的兴趣，就会更容易成功。故选A。【28题详解】
【28题详解】细节理解题。根据“I’ve now been attending the dancing classes for 3 years”可知，我已经上了3年的舞蹈课了，所以是三年前加入的，故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据“I practice street dance and I’m quite good at it.”可知，我练习街舞，而且跳得很好。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据“The dance school has become very successful and is opening new classes. The director has asked if I’d like to be one of the group leaders and of course I said ‘yes’!”可知，这所舞蹈学校非常成功，正在开设新的课程。主任问我是否愿意当组长，我当然说“愿意”。由此可知，作者对于自己未来的规划非常明确，故选B。
CWarming temperatures and shorter winters might sound like the end of snow days. However, rising temperatures may actually cause snowstorms to dump more snow, says David Robinson. He is a professor at a university in New Jersey. He studies climate (气候) change.Temperature change is one of the greatest in Earth’s climate change over a long period of time. It can happen naturally or because of human activities, such as burning gas and coal. Burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to warmer global temperatures over time.But how could warmer temperatures lead to more snow To get snow, you need moisture (水汽) and freezing temperatures (0℃ or less), says Robinson. Without moisture in the air, there is no precipitation (rain or snow). Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between moisture and precipitation.
“The warmer the air becomes, the more moisture it holds. So, if it’s warming and still cold enough to snow, you can get more snow,” Robinson says.Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D. C. region, five happened in the past 25 years, according to the NWS. During that same time period, average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.Weather experts suggest that rising temperatures may make winter shorter and less cold. But for now, the snow is still falling. One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature. Once temperatures stay above freezing, snowstorms become rain. Until then, we might continue to see strong storms.According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think. He says, “When we look back, years from now, we may see that this was the breaking point.”
31. What is paragraph 2 mainly about A. How Earth’s climate changes. B. What causes rising temperatures.C. What produces carbon dioxide. D. How pollution influences climate.32. What will the warming temperatures cause according to the text A. Less coal. B. Drier weather.C. Longer winters. D. Stronger snowstorms.33. What is the purpose of paragraph 5 A. To introduce D. C.B. To report the biggest 10 snowstorms.C. To support Robinson’s ideas.D. To show the increase of temperatures.34. What does Robinson think of the future warming temperatures A. Impossible. B. Serious. C. Meaningless. D. Amazing.35. Where is the text probably taken from A. A science magazine. B. A story book.C. A science fiction. D. A travel guide.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A【解析】【导语】本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to warmer global temperatures over time.”可知，第二段主要介绍了导致气温上升的原因。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据“Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between moisture and precipitation.”可知，变暖的温度会导致更强的暴风雪。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据“Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D. C. region, five happened in the past 25 years, …average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.”可推知，作者在第五段通过陈述华盛顿地区的事实，进一步印证了Robinson的观点。故选C。
【34题详解】推理判断题。根据“One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature.”以及“According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think.”可推知，Robinson认为未来全球变暖，气温升高会很严重。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。故可推知，文章可能来源于一本科学杂志。故选A。
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