Unit 8 Natural disasters知识点 学案（无答案）牛津译林版英语八年级上册

8A Unit8 Natural disasters
【Comic strip ~ Welcome to the unit】
I was sleeping when it started to rain.
天开始下雨的时候，我正在睡觉。
①be 动词 + 动词ing → 进行时态
am/is/are + 动词ing → 现在进行时
was/were + 动词ing → 过去进行时
②when → 引导时间状语从句 当···时候
③start v.开始 开始做某事
=
Didn’t you hear the rain 难道你没听到雨声吗？
①否定疑问句：
be/助/情 + not + 主语 + 其它
难道···不/没···吗？
回答否定疑问句 → 根据事实回答
（回答方式与反义疑问句一致）
②hear v.听 V-ed：
听见某人（正在）做某事
听见某人做某事（全过程/经常）
e.g.难道他不是老师吗？
不，他是。 .
对，他不是。 .
你经常听见Mike练习钢琴吗？
Do you often hear Mike
昨天我做作业的时候听见你的狗正在叫。
I heard your dog when I did my homework yesterday.
Who will mop up the water if I go home without you
如果你不跟我回家，谁会用拖把把水擦干净呢？
①mop v.用拖把擦干净 → V-ed：
V-ing：
用拖把把···拖干净（动副结构）代词放中间
/
n.拖把 → 可数名词
②if 引导条件状语从句 → 主将从现
e.g.我花了两个小时才把地板拖干净。
It took me two hours
=
我的妈妈经常用拖把拖地板。
My mother often
如果你不完成作业，你明天就不出去。
write an article on natural disasters for the school newsletter 为校刊撰写一篇关于自然灾害的文章
①write v.写 → V-ed： V-ing：
写···给某人
=
写一篇关于···的文章
②the school newsletter 校刊
Natural disasters and accidents 自然灾害和事故
accident n.事故；意外；机遇
相关短语：偶然 by accident
重大/交通事故 a major/traffic accident
预防事故 prevent an accident
School football team loses final 校足球队输了比赛
①lose v.浪费；使沉溺于；使迷路；失败
迷路
失去对某物的兴趣 lose interest in sth
失明 lose one’s sight
泄气；失去信心 lose heart
②final n.决赛；期末考试；
adj.最终的；决定性的；不可更改的
adv. 最后地 =
Earthquake kills thousands of people
地震使成千上万人丧生
①kill v.杀死
②成千上万的；许许多多的 + 可名复
数以百计的
数以百万计的
（Tip：hundred/thousand/million前有基数词时，表示具体数目时，后不加s，也不与of连用）
e.g.---China is a great country with a history of about five
years.
---Yes. And of foreigners come to visit it every year.
A.thousand；thousand B.thousands；thousands
C.thousand；thousands D.thousands；thousand
在中国，每年有许许多多的人观看龙舟比赛。
Every year in China, watch dragon boat races.
数百万人通过电视观看奥运会。
watched the Olympic Games on TV.
我们学校大约有三千名学生。
There are about in our school.
Coach crashes into tree 长途汽车撞到了树
①coach n.长途汽车；教练；私人教师
v.训练，指导
②crash v.撞击；碰撞；使摔碎；破产等
撞上···
n.碰撞声；碰撞 车祸/飞机失事 car/air crash
e.g.那位教练打算乘坐长途汽车去新足球场训练运动员。
The is going to the new football field
to .
他撞上了石头，牛奶洒了一地。
He and milk spread all over the ground.
昨晚这里发生了一起汽车碰撞事故。
There was here last night.
Flood washes away village 洪水冲走村庄
①flood n.洪水；水灾 v.淹没；泛滥
②wash v.洗 1）冲走
（代词放中间）
2）洗碗
n.洗涤；冲浪；待洗的衣物
e.g.一些人对居住在河流附近感到忧虑，因为河流可能会引发洪水。（对···感到忧虑 be nervous about···）
Some people are nervous about
because rivers an .
河水泛滥淹没了河谷。The river the valley.
他的汽车让洪水冲走了。
His car was by the .
把这条路修坚固些，以免洪水把它冲走。
Make the path stronger so that a flood won't
.
lightning starts big fire in classroom building
闪电使教学楼燃起了大火
Young boy falls from tree and hurt legs
小男孩从树上掉下来摔伤了腿
①fall v.1）落下；跌倒；下垂；减少 v-ed：
“fall”相关短语：
掉进，陷入
从···落下
被···绊倒 fall over
入睡，睡着
生病
落后；跟不上
2）n.秋季；减少；落下；瀑布
②hurt v.受伤；伤害；使受伤 → V-ed：
n.痛苦；危害
adj.受伤的；痛苦的；受损的
受伤 感到不快
伤害自己
Did you hear about the fire at a school in the UK last week 你听说上周英国一所学校发生活在了吗？
①hear v.听 听说 =
收到···的来信
②fire n.火 生火
灭火
着火；在兴头上 （be）on fire/catch fire
e.g.约翰，听说你母亲病了我很难过。
John, I’m your mother's illness.
期待收到你的来信。
What happened 发生了什么事？
happen v.发生；发现 → 常指“偶然发生的事”
（happen 无 “被动语态”）
sth happens + 地点状语/时间状语
某地/某时发生了某事
sth happens to sb/sth
某人/某物发生了某事
happen to do sth 碰巧做某事
e.g.今早我们学校门口发生了一起事故。
this morning.
你发生了什么事？
我们碰巧发现我们有一个共同的朋友。
We we had a friend in common.
它发生在夜晚。
There was a heavy storm with thunder and lightning.
with作伴随状语
有一场电闪雷鸣的强暴风雨。
“heavy”相关短语：浓烟
暴雨
浓雾
lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire.
一幢教学楼被闪电击中后着火了。
①hit v.打击；碰撞 → V-ed： V-ing：
撞上 hit on···
用···击打/敲··· hit···with···
回击 hit back
②着火 1） catch fire → 强调“动作”烧着；着火
2） on fire → 强调“状态”着火
e.g.她站的离壁炉太近了，裙子烧着了。
She was standing too close to the fireplace and her dress
.
房子着火了。
[课后练习]
根据句意或汉语意思提示完成单词。
The heavy rain has caused （洪水）in many parts of the country.
Mr Lin was born in the （乡村）, but he works in a bank in the city now.
Some people died in the （地震）last month.
When the （暴风雨）came, he was watching TV at home.
---Shall we go to Hangzhou by （长途汽车）
---No. We will fly there.
It is said that a tortoise can live to 150 years.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
The little girl was so afraid on the dark and
（storm）night.
The ground is much （wet）after the heavy rain.
---Where is David
---He （mop）the floor in the next room.
There will be a talk about （nature）disasters in the school hall this afternoon.
Mum （make）dinner for us when I got home.
单项选择。
（ ）1.You’d better not hang out（闲逛）after school
telling your parents. They may worry about you.
A.by B.with C.without D.after
（ ）2.The flood the old bridge over the small river, so we couldn't go across the river.
A.put away B.kept away
C.washed away D.moved away
（ ）3.There is too much water on the desk. Would you please
A.mop up it B.mop it up
C.to mop it up D.to mop up it
（ ）4.The old man made a fire the house warm, but sadly the house .
A.keep；caught fire B.to keep；catch fire
C.to keep；caught fire D.keep；catch fire
（ ）5.The terrible flood hurt people and
them lost their lives.
thousands of；two hundreds of
thousand of；two hundred
thousand of；two hundred of
thousands of；two hundred of
（ ）6.---Have you your uncle recently
---No, I have never him since he left. I miss him very much.
A.heard；heard of B.heard from；heard
C.heard of；heard D.heard from；heard of
（ ）7.A is not a natural disaster.
A.car accident B.snowstorm
C.flood D.storm
（ ）8.It was very cold. He picked up sticks , but sadly, the house .
to make a fire；caught a fire
to make a fire；caught fire
to make fire；caught fire
made a fire；caught fire
根据首字母提示补全短文。
Antarctica is the most southern area on the Earth and is mostly 1.c with ice. People have never wanted to live there because of its low 2.t . But now scientists from all over the 3.w come here to learn more about the Earth’s history.
Some scientists live there for part of the 4.y . But they don't usually stay there for 5.m than six months of darkness.
Antarctica usually has lots of fine 6.w . Most parts have constant light winds. Also it isn't very wet because there is very 7.l snow or rain. It only snows on the ice in water, and at other times Antarctica is 8.d , just like the Sahara Desert.
In winter the sea around Antarctica freezes for 9.t of kilometers. But scientists tell us that the Earth is getting 10.w . There may be less ice in Antarctica Ocean in the future. When that happens, our weather will never be the same again.
根据汉语提示完成句子。
有人在昨天那起交通事故中受伤了。
Somebody was in the
yesterday.
谁会把水拖干净？
Who will the water
我们邻居的房子着火了，因为闪电击中了他的房子。
Our neighbour’s house
because the lightning
成千上万的人在那场可怕的地震中失去了他们的生命。
in the terrible earthquake.
当我看见她时，她在网络上搜寻信息。
【Reading】
At first, I felt a slight shake. 起初我感觉到轻微的晃动。
n.
The earth started to shake. 大地开始晃动。
v.
①shake n.＆v.摇动，震动 → V-ed：
[拓展]shake v.（与某人）握手；动摇
shake hands with sb 与某人握手
shake one's head 摇头
n.奶昔
②slight adj.轻微的，少量的；脆弱的
v.轻视；忽略；怠慢
n.怠慢；轻蔑
③first adj.第一；先
起初；开始时 =
首先 = first
e.g.她拿起一瓶水摇一摇。
She picked up a bottle of water and
每当卡车经过时，我们的房子都会颤动。
Every time a truck passes, our house .
Then I heard a loud noise like thunder.
然后我听见雷鸣般的巨响。
like prep.像
People screamed in fear. 人们惊恐地尖叫。
①fear n.害怕，恐惧 v.害怕；担心
②in + 名词 → 表示处于某种状态
惊恐地；害怕地
惊奇地 in surprise 处于危险的
匆忙地 健康欠佳 in poor health
处于麻烦中 处于疼痛中
有需要地
Some ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too, but I could not. 有些人跑出了这座大楼。我也尽最大努力往外跑，但是我跑不出去。
①run v.跑步 从···中跑出来
run out 用完；耗尽（主语：物）
run out of···把···用完（主语：人）
v.经营；运转；管理
②try v.＆n.尝试
试一试
试穿
尽力做某事
竭尽全力做某事
=
e.g.他的盐用完了。他跑出家到最近的商店买点儿。
His salt . He his house to the nearest store to buy some.
这些新型能源成本很低，而且永远用不完。
These new types of energy cost very little and will
.
他尽可能快地从屋里跑了出来。
He he could.
如果你尽最大努力，你的梦想将会实现。
If you ,
Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down.
外面，当碎玻璃和砖块往下掉时，人们四处逃散。
People ran in the same direction in the street.
人们在街上朝同一个方向跑。
①outside adv.外边 → 反义词： 里边
②direction n.方向
相关短语：
1）四面八方 =
2）朝着···/某人的方向 in the/one’s direction of...
3）方向感很好/差 have a good/bad sense of direction
4）在同一个方向
[拓展]direction n.用法说明，操作指南
③while conj.当...时候，和...同时
while引导时间状语从句，连接两个同时进行的动作
while引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态
e.g.他朝着那家商店的方向去了。
He went off the shop.
警察赶到后，人们便向四面八方散开了。
When the police arrived, the crowed scattered
.
我喜欢在跑步的时候听摇滚乐。
I love to listen to rock music .
当我在河边钓鱼时，我在附近看到一条空船。
, I saw an empty boat nearby.
（ ）---We can't get on or off a bus it is moving. ---You’re right.
A.after B.before C.while D.so
Then the walls began to come down too!
然后墙开始坍塌了。
①begin v.开始 → V-ed： V-ing：
开始做某事
②come down崩塌，坍塌（不及物动词短语）
[拓展]come down（雨，雪等）落下；（飞机）着陆；
（价格；温度）下降等
e.g.昨天晚上附近那幢楼坍塌了。
The nearby building yesterday.
大雨滂沱。The rain in torrents.
你的体温下降了吗？
Has your temperature
It was dark and silent around me.
我周围一片黑暗和寂静。
①silent adj.寂静的；沉默的
adv. 默默地；无声的
n. silence 寂静；沉默 in silence 沉默地
e.g.照片无声，却很能表达生活。
, but they say a lot about our lives.
没有什么打破这寂静的夜晚。
Nothing disturbed the silence of the night.
I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was near me.
我根本什么也看不见，也不知道是否还有其他人在我附近。
①not···at all 一点也不
区分：Not at all. 没关系。/不用谢。
not···any more再也不；不再 = no more
②if conj.是否 ≈ whether → 引导“宾语从句”
if 如果 → 引导“条件状语从句”
e.g.我一点也不怕黑。
I’m
我想知道他是否已经到达北京。
I want to know he has arrived in Beijing.
---How wonderful the school correct is! I wonder
our school will hold it next year.
---Sure. It’s our school tradition.
A.how B.if C.where
I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast.
动副结构
我感到很紧张，心跳很快。
①nervous adj.紧张不安的；焦虑的；担忧的
对···感到紧张/忧虑
adv. 紧张不安地
②beat v.（使）规律作响，作节奏运动 → V-ed：
[拓展]beat v.赢；打败某人
e.g.他紧张的擦了擦额头。
He mopped his forehead .
---I always feel when speaking in front of others.
---Take it easy and be brave.
A.surprised B.nervous C.interested D.different
他的心脏跳动地很快，但他保持镇定。
His heart was , but he stayed calm.
我们的篮球队轻松地击败了他们篮球队。
Our basketball team .
A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.
我脑中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉自己要冷静下来，因为我仍然活着。
①go through 穿过（空间）
②mind n.头脑；心思
“mind”相关短语：
牢记某人心中
没关系
想起/记起··· bring/call···to mind
改变某人的看法 change one’s mind
下定决心 make up one’s mind
将···记在心中 keep···in mind
③calm v.使平静，使镇定 adj.镇静的；沉着的
冷静
保持冷静；镇静
④since conj.由于；既然
区分：since/as，for和because
since/as 意为“既然” 指双方都知道的原因，常用于句首 不回答why问句；since比at正式
for 意为“由于；因为” 用于补充说明 不置于句首
because 意为“因为” why问because 答 直接原因
⑤alive adj.活着的
区分alive，living，live与lively
alive adj.活着的 作表语或宾语补足语 不能做前置定语 stay alive活着
living adj.活着的 作表语或定语
live adj.活的；现场直播 只作前置定语
lively adj.活泼的； 充满活力的 作定语或表语 既可指人也可指物
e.g.我独自穿过了那片森林。
I
我试着把这个日期牢记在心。
I tried to fix the date
医生播放音乐来使她女儿平静下来。
The doctor played the music
即使你面对危险，你也应该保持镇静。
You should even in face of danger.
因为黄色使最引人注目的颜色，所以它能吸引人的注意力。
yellow is eye-catching color, it can catch people's attention.
we’ve made the promise（承诺）, let's keep to it and not give up easily.
A.If B.Since C.Though
她不知道他是死是活。
She does not know if he is .
I shouted for help, but no one came.
我大声喊救命，但没有人来。
shout v.大喊 1）对某人大声吼叫（多指非善意的）
2）朝某人叫喊（不带感情因素）
3）大声呼救
e.g.你如果因为火或烟无法迅速出来，大声呼救。
If you can't get out quickly because fire or smoke stops you, .
I started to pull myself slowly through the dark.
我开始在黑暗中慢慢移动。
①start v.开始 开始做某事
②dark n.黑暗 在黑暗中
天黑之前/之后
adj.黑暗的；深色的 n.darkness 黑暗；邪恶；深色
e.g.在黑暗中阅读对眼睛有害。
外面很黑。
Hours later, as I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me.
几个小时后，当我正在尽力找出路时，我突然听到头顶上一些嘈杂声。
①hours later 几小时后 ≈ after some hours
一段时间以后 =
②way n.方式；方法；路线；道路
找到出路
顺便问一下
挡着某人的路
前往；去··· make one’s way to···
（在某人）去某地的路
不可能，决不
用这种方式
e.g.三个月后，她出国了。
she went abroad.
房间里烟雾弥漫，他几乎找不到出路。
The room , and he could hardly .
At last, I saw the bright daylight. I was safe.
最后，我看见了明亮的日光。我安全了。
①最后，终于 =
=
[拓展]最后的但是同样重要的一点
last but not least
②safe adj.安全的 → 反义词： 危险的
不安全的
保证安全
adv. 安全地 n. 安全
e.g.我们终于到达机场了。
We
我们要把这些珠宝带到一个安全的地方。
We shall take the treasure to
为了保证安全，人们在骑电动自行车时应该戴头盔。
, people should wear helmets when riding electric bicycles.
我们为他的安全担忧。
We are anxious about
“小心开车。”他说着并挥手告别。
“ ,” he said and waved goodbye.
---It's very important for us to keep .
---You are right. We should learn how to protect ourselves when we’re in trouble.
A.rapid B.safe C.lucky D.social
Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started.
地震发生时蒂米正在睡觉。
区分：asleep，sleep与sleepy
asleep adj.睡着的 入睡fall asleep → 动作 睡着be asleep → 状态 作表语，不能作前置定语
sleep v.＆n.睡觉 ≈go to bed
sleepy adj.困倦的瞌睡的 作定语/表语 感到困倦 feel sleepy
e.g.他太累了，竟然伏在书桌上睡着了。
He was so tried that at his desk.
昨晚他睡得很好。
He last night.
= He last night.
他每天睡得很晚，因此经常感到困倦。
He , so he
.
听轻音乐让我更容易入睡。
Listening to light music makes it easier for me
.
People found Timmy soon after he was trapped.
蒂米被困后人们很快发现了他。
Timmy was trapped in a dark place after the earthquake stopped.
地震停止后蒂米被困在了一个黑暗的地方。
①after conj.在···以后 → 引导时间状语从句
prep.在···之后 + 动词ing/名词/···
②trapped adj.受困的 被困在···
③在一个黑暗的地方
④stop v.停止 1）停止做某事
（停止现在做的事）
停下去做某事
=
（现在停下手头的事去做另外一件）
2）阻止某人做某事
=
n.车站
e.g.我表弟从医学院毕业后成为了一名乡村医生。
My cousin became a country doctor he finished medical school.
我过了一会就往回走了，但他还接着走。
I turned back after a while, but he kept walking.
danger n.危险 处于危险中
脱离危险
adj. 危险的
move quickly from side to side, up and down
快速地来回或上下移动
There was not enough space for Timmy to pull himself through. 没有足够的空间供蒂米活动。
①enough adj.＆adv.足够的；充分的
足够···做某事（形前名后）
形容词 + enough + to do sth
enough + 名词 + to do sth
②space n.空间；太空
在太空中
③pull v.拖 使某人自己通过；拖着某人自己通过
They moved away the bricks. 他们搬开了砖块。
move v.移动 → V-ed： V-ing：
（从···）把···移走
[课后练习]
根据首字母，中文提示或英文释义完成单词。
It is important to talk in a （大声地）voice in public.
I heard the kid （喊叫）in his room when I walked past.
I felt （紧张不安的）because it was my first time speaking to the whole school.
Don’t make your grandpa too excited because he has
（心脏）disease.
Though it is very cold, some children s playing happily on the ice.
We both keep s about the matter, for it’s a secret between us.
This 5-year-old boy has such a good sense of d
that he never gets lost.
She （move quickly from side to side）her head and refused his invitation.
She was so n about her first speech that she couldn't sleep.
They looked at each other in （恐惧）and felt frightened.
When it was her turn, her heart was very fast.
The expressway is closed in both （方向）because of the heavy fog.
Taking a short sleep at noon is good foe both your body and m .
We all keep s about the matter, for it's a secret between us.
用所给词适当形式填空。
We felt a slight （shaking）when the earthquake happened.
The lift broke down and we were （trap）.
The man rushed into the house and saved those women's
（life）.
He （read）English when I walked past his house yesterday.
---The old man was seriously ill when his son sent him to the hospital.
---Yes. But the doctors tried their best to keep him
（live）.
Suddenly, I heard a girl （scream）for help.
Then Timmy heard shouts from （excite）people.
He left the classroom angrily without （say）a word.
Everyone is in （silent）, which surprises me a lot.
I asked （I）, “Did I really survive ”
单项选择。
（ ）1.When I was working on a Maths problem, a good idea went my mind.
A.over B.in C.about D.through
（ ）2.The travellers on the top of the mountain. They called 110 for help.
A.trapped B.were trapped
C.trapping D.are trapping
（ ）3.The accident in the room yesterday.
A.happens B.happening
C.happened D.was happened
（ ）4.The weather will get . You must be careful.
A.badder B.many worse
C.more bad D.much worse
（ ）5. wearing masks has become a daily habit, people are making new kinds of masks that can do more than just keep us safe.
A.As B.Unless C.Although D.Before
（ ）6.Many children are left alone in the countryside. We should try our best them.
A.help B.helping C.to help D.helps
（ ）7.---Do you know how to a crying girl
---Sorry, I don't know. I think it's too hard.
A.fall down B.cut down
C.put down D.calm down
（ ）8.I was walking in the park suddenly the storm started.
A.when B.while C.before D.if
（ ）9.I didn’t know if was around me.
A.some one B.anyone
C.no one D.nobody
（ ）10.---I went to see you yesterday evening, but you were not in.
---Oh, I a film with my cousin at the cinema.
A.saw B.will see
C.am seeing D.was seeing
（ ）11.His grandfather did his best to keep the tree
, but it died in the end.
A.alive B.asleep C.absent D.awake
（ ）12.A cute bird flew into our kitchen the window just now.
A.across B.through C.above D.under
（ ）13.I some cleaning when the earthquake
.
A.was doing；starts B.was doing；started
C.was doing；was doing D.were doing；starts
（ ）14.Recently, he seemed to lose the of his life and has given up many chances.
A.sense B.course C.direction D.purpose
（ ）15.---Did you hear the shouts the boy
---Yes. When I arrived there, I found the boy looking at a shake fear.
A.from；in B.at；with
C.from；with D.in；in
（ ）16.---I always felt when speaking in front of others. ---Take it easy and be brave.
A.surprised B.nervous C.interested D.different
四．根据中文完成句子。
1. 我一点也不喜欢雨天。
I like rainy days .
当地震开始的时候，人们四处奔逃。
When the earthquake started, people
.
人们赶紧把砖块,石头移走。
People move away the bricks and stones.
他们尽力去救他，但是没成功。
They
, but failed.
因为地震，我们有吃的东西。
the earthquake, we
.
鸟儿朝四面八方飞走了。
The birds flew away .
那两个孩子惊恐地看着我们，不知所措。
The two children and did not know .
昨天晚上我们的学校的墙倒了。
The walls of our school last night.
【Grammar】
过去进行时：
①定义：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
②具体用法：
表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
表示过去某一阶段一直进行的动作
表示过去某个时间将要做的事情
只有“come、go、leave、arrive”等用
③标志词：
then/(at) this/that time yesterday/at+时间点+yesterday
those days/the whole morning yesterday/all day yesterday/from+时间点+to+时间点+last night等
④句式结构： was/were + 动词ing
肯定句： 主语 + was/were + 动词ing +···.
否定句： 主语 + wasn't/weren't + 动词ing +···.
一般疑问句： Was/Were + 主语 + 动词ing+···
肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答： No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren't.
特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词ing
⑤特别注意： 有些动词不用于进行时
表示心理状态、情感的动词；如love,hate,
like,know等
部分连系动词；如seem,appear等
感官动词；如see,hear,feel,smell,sound,taste等
短暂性动词；如decide,stop等
e.g.---Did you hear that China’s freeskier, Gu Ailing, won the first prize
---Yes, I with my friends at that time.
A.have a picnic B.am having a picnic
C.was having a picnic
I books in the library when the rainstorm came.
A.read B.reads C.am reading D.was reading
---Do you know where your brother is, Mark
---Sorry. I about a question and didn't hear what you said.
A.was thinking B.will think
C.am thinking D.was thought
连词when、while与as的用法：
①速记方法：
doing while doing = While doing, doing
doing when did = When did, doing
did as doing = As doing, did
did when/as/while doing = When/As/While doing, did
②区分：
when意为“当···时候”
既可指时间点，也可指时间段
从句谓语动词既可是短暂性动词，也可是延续性动词
主从句，动作可先后，也可同时发生
while 意为“在···时候；在···期间”
指时间段
从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词
主从句，动作同时发生
as a）意为“当···时候”
从句谓语动词可是短暂性或者延续性动词
强调两个动作同时进行
b）意为“随着···；一边···一边···”
主从句同时进行，从句作为主句发生的背景或条件时，只能用as
③特别提醒：
强调某个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在进行
did while was/were doing
强调某个动作正在进行，另一个动作突然发生
was/were doing when did
e.g.---Oh! What’s wrong with your leg
---I hurt it while I mountains.
A.climb B.was climbing C.am climbing D.have climbed
我们在吃晚饭时，天开始下起了大雨。
It began to ran heavily we were having dinner.
他们正在谈论那场可怕的事故时，李老师突然进来了。
They were talking about terrible accident Mr Li came in.
My dad’s car broke down because of the cold weather.
我爸爸的汽车因为天气寒冷出故障了。
①break v.损坏；坏掉 → V-ed：
（车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉
（break down后不接宾语；不用于被动语态）
“break”相关短语：
突然终止；中断 break off
强行进入 break in
爆发 break out
强行闯入 break into
突然挣脱；逃脱 break away
②because 因为 → 引导原因状语从句
because of + 名词（短语）/代词等
③weather n.天气 → 不可数名词
e.g.昨天我的车在乡村的路上出故障了，我不得不向我的朋友们求助。
My car on a country road yesterday. I .
---The computer is working again.
---It yesterday, but someone has fixed it.
A.broke down B.broke out
C.broke into D.broke away
What a terrible snowstorm! 多么可怕的暴风雪啊！
同义句：
I was walking to the bus stop. 我正在步行去公交站台。
同义句：
步行去某地 =
I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road. 我看见你和你父母正站在路边。
①see v.看见 看见某人做某事（全过程/经常做）
看见某人正在做某事
②side n.边 在路边
Were you waiting for a taxi
你正在等待一辆出租车吗？
wait v.等待 等待某人/某物
迫不及待做某事
While Suzy and Kitty were building a snowman, Millie was taking photos. 当苏西和凯迪正在建造一个雪人的时候，米莉正在照相。
①build v.建造 → V-ed：
n. 建筑物
②snowman n.雪人 → 复数：
堆雪人 =
③拍（···）照片
跑向···
[课后练习]
用所给词适当形式填空。
Mum （cook）in the kitchen when I
（arrive）home yesterday.
We （watch）TV while my mother
（read）books this time last night.
I （do）my homework when the doorbell
（ring）.
---I went to your house after work yesterday but you were not in.
---Oh, I （walk）my dog outside.
---You were not at home when I visited you yesterday.
---Oh, I （plan）a day out with my uncle’s family the day after tomorrow.
This morning, the Greens （clean）the house all the time, but I am not sure if they have completed it.
---Jack took a photo of you just now.
---Sorry! I （not look）in his direction.
Jenny （chat）with her friends, so I just nodded to her and went away.
单项选择。
（ ）1.---What were you doing at the time of the
rainstorm yesterday
---I in the library at school.
A.read B.was reading
C.am reading D.was read
（ ）2.---How could you keep me waiting here for half an hour ---Sorry. I with a friend and I completely forget about the time.
A.will talk B.am talking
C.was talking D.talk
（ ）3.---What was your brother doing at this time yesterday ---He was reading a magazine I was writing an email at home.
A.as soon as B.after C.until D.while
（ ）4.---How was your trip to Beijing
---Everything was wonderful expect that our coach once on the way.
A.broke down B.slowed down
C.calmed down D.put down
（ ）5.Lucy held her hand up like a queen
Bill was telling his tale.
A.after B.before C.while D.until
（ ）6.---Hi, Daniel. You didn’t attend the chess last night. ---Oh, I my son’s model plane.
A.am repairing B.repair
C.have repaired D.was repairing
（ ）7.I saw Bob in the garden. He flowers there.
A.waters B.has watered
C.is watering D.was watering
（ ）8.---Did you see Jenny She just came back from
Shanghai ---Yes. But she someone, so I just gave her a smile and left.
A.phones B.is phoning
C.was phoning D.has phoned
（ ）9.---Did you notice in his office
---Yes, he was correcting our homework.
what Mr Li was doing
how was Mr Li doing
how Mr Li was doing
what Mr Li is doing
句型转换。
1. I was sleeping when the telephone rang.（改为一般疑问句）
you when the telephone rang
I was doing some shopping when the earthquake started.
否定句：I shopping when the earthquake started.
Millie is looking for some information now.（用at this time yesterday改写）
Millie for some information
.
He was reading a newspaper at 9 o’clock last night.
对划线部分提问： he a newspaper
语法填空。
After the earthquake, I found 1. （me）in the dark. I couldn’t move. The bottom（底部）parts of both my legs and my feet hurt. All around me was quiet. 2. below me I could hear shouts and a lot of noise. Then I remembered what had happened — I had been in an earthquake.
3. about two hours, nobody came. Luckily, I could reach the bag of apples, so at 4. （little）I had something to eat. Then I heard people 5. （climb）to me. A team of people had come to see 6.
someone was under the broken road. I called out “I’m here!” when I 7. （hear）a shout. Soon a 8.
（strange）climbed to the bridge near my car. “How 9.
（be）you doing ” he asked. “Not too bad.” I said, “but my feet and legs feel as if they were broken.” “We’ll do our best 10. （get）you out of there,” he said. They didn’t get me out until the next morning. I had been trapped in my car for fourteen hours.
【Integrated skills】
Try to get out as soon as possible. 尽可能快地出去。
①try v.尝试 尝试做某事
尽某人全力做某事
②as···as possible 尽可能···
= as···as sb can/could
as soon as possible 尽可能快地···
区分：as···as 和···一样
as soon as 一···就···（引导时间状语从句，主将从现）
e.g.家长们应该帮助他们的孩子尽早阅读。
Parents should help to get their children
.
我们一到达，就去浏览这座城市。
, we’ll go on a tour of the city.
He was driving as （fast）as possible.
请尽快给我写信。
Please write to me
= Please write to me
Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke. 用湿毛巾捂住口鼻以防浓烟。
①cover v.覆盖 n.封面 被···覆盖
②protect v.保护 → n. 保护
保护某人自己
保护···免遭···
e.g.雨伞可以保护你不受雨淋。
An umbrella will
Always follow traffic rules. 总是遵守交通规则。
①follow v.跟随；遵循；注释；接着
听从某人的意见
如下 as follows
效仿某人；学习某人的榜样
follow the example of sb
②rule n.规则；习惯；常规 v.统治；控制；支配
相关短语：交通/学校/家庭规则
遵守规则
违反规则 break the rules
通常，一般来说 as a (general) rule
e.g.她一个人生活，只遵循自己喜欢的规则。
She lived by herself, and only
she liked.
一般来说，大多数学生会在5月底完成他们的课程作业。
, most students will finish their coursework by the end of May.
There is a new （规则）to make sure that you don’t waste food.
We may burn our hands when we cook at home.
我们在家做饭时也许会烫到手。
Cover the burn with a clean towel.
用一块干净的毛巾盖住烫伤部位。
burn v.烧伤 → V-ed：
n.烫伤（部位）；烧痕
What did you learn from yesterday’s talk
从昨天的讲座中你们学习到了什么？
We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires.
我们学到了很多在火灾中使自己安全的知识。
①learn v.学习 → V-ed：
从···学习
了解；得知
自学
学习很多有关于···
②keep v.使···；保持
系动词 + 形容词
使某人/某物···
使某人自己安全
一直做某事
让某人/某物一直做某事
阻止某人做某事
keep + sth + 介词短语 （宾补）
e.g.You should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes.
你应该把手放到水里大约十分钟。
Stay away from a window. 远离窗户。
远离··· =
【Study skills】
合成词：两个单词放在一起创造成新单词
weekday n.工作日 → 周一到周五的任意一天
在工作日 on weekdays
区分：在周末
headache n.头痛；令人头痛的人（或事物）
名词 + ache → ···病痛
其它合成词：
牙痛 stomachache 胃痛
backache 背痛 耳朵痛
心痛
[课后练习]
根据中文提示或英文释义完成单词。
My friend Li Hua lives near the Shanghai （铁路）Station.
My aunt has a （女儿）and two （儿子）.
She is the （孙女）of the wealthiest woman in the country.
He （烫伤）his right hand when he was cooking dinner yesterday.
He used the （木板）to cover the deep hole.
I have got a （牙痛）. I need to see the doctor.
Students need to go to school on （工作日）.
It is important to follow camping （something that people should obey）when you go camping in England.
We should do some （家务活）when we have free time.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
---What should we do if there is thick smoke in the room
---You should use a wet towel （cover）your mouth and nose.
We learned a lot about keeping （we）safe from fires from his talk.
The librarian told us （not keep）the books for too long.
It is really （danger）to sit, walk or ride bikes on railways.
Mr Su and his wife were （trap）in the car.
（hide）under a strong desk to protect yourself, or you’ll get hurt.
He got up as early as he could （catch）the first to Shanghai.
Look left, right and then left when （cross）the road.
The smoke coming from the building on fire is getting much （thick）.
单项选择。
（ ）1.---I’m really before Maths competition.
---Take it easy. I think you are the best.
A.cool B.serious C.nervous D.patient
（ ）2.The earthquake when I some cleaning.
A.starts；was doing
B.started；was doing
C.was starting；was starting
D.starts；were doing
（ ）3.---What should I do when the earthquake happens, Dad ---First of all, it’s important to and hide yourself in the corner of the room.
A.calm down B.put down
C.turn down D.fall down
（ ）4.To avoid traffic accidents, everyone should
traffic rules on roads.
A.break B.write C.read D.follow
（ ）5.---Are you sure you won’t come for a drink with us --- , if you insist（坚持）.
A.Not at all B.All right then
C.It depends D.I don't care.
（ ）6.My desk was fire and I put it out
cold water.
A.on；with B.in；using
C.in；use D.on；use
（ ）7.His car the bad weather on this way home, so he couldn’t come back for dinner.
A.broke down because
B.broke down because of
C.was broken down because of
D.was broken down because
（ ）8.We must follow the traffic when we ride a bike on the way.
A.rules B.planes C.safety D.accident
根据汉语提示完成句子。
People quickly （移走）the bricks, and Timmy was safe.
A moment of fear （掠过我的脑海）, but I calmed down quickly.
The monkeys （惊恐地尖叫）and they ran in all directions.
We should （尽我们最大的努力）to save them.
【Task】
I nearly fell over. 我差点跌倒。
①nearly adv.几乎，将近
区分：nearly＆almost
相同点 不同点
nearly 都可修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等 此时两者可互换 不可与nobody、never、none、nothing等表示否定意义的词连用； 但可和not连用； not nearly“远非；绝不是” 在具体数字前常用nearly
almost 接近程度比nearly更强 可与nobody、never、none、nothing等否定意义的代词或副词连用
②fall v.落下；跌倒；下垂；减少 n.秋天；瀑布
V-ed：
“fall”相关短语：
1）掉进，陷入
2）被···绊倒；摔倒
3）入睡，睡着
4）生病
5）落后；跟不上
区分：fall over、fall off与fall down
fall over “摔倒”，后不接宾语
fall off “从···掉下来”，后可直接接宾语
fall down “跌倒”，后接宾语常加介词on
e.g.几乎没有人相信她将近90岁了。
nobody believes she is 90 years old.
He was once killed in a car accident several years ago.
A.completely B.sadly C.exactly D.nearly
People were trying to clear the snow from the streets.
人们正努力清楚街上的积雪。
clear v.清除；清理 adj.清楚的；透明的；明确的
相关短语：清理；使整洁 clear up
把···清空；清理 clear out
e.g.我们将要打扫房间。
We’ll
Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind.
突然，一阵大风从后面吹来。
①suddenly adv.突然 = all of a sudden
②behind adv.在···后面 落后 fall behind
从后面来 come from behind
prep.在···的后面；支持
反义词：
I could hear the wind blowing. 我能听见风正在吹。
hear v.听见 听见某人做某事（经常做/全过程）
听见某人正在做某事
The snow kept falling. 雪不停的下。
keep v.保持；使···；不停··· → V-ed：
1） 复习：系动词 + 形容词
2）使某人/某物···
3）使某人自己安全
4）一直做某事
5）让某人/某物一直做某事
6）阻止某人做某事
7）keep + sth + 介词短语 （宾补）
Many people were waiting at the bus stop.
许多人在公交站台等待。
①wait v.等待 等待某人/某物
迫不及待做某事
②对“waiting”提问：
③对“Many people”提问：
④对“at the bus stop”提问：
I heard the noise of traffic the next morning.
第二天早晨我听到了车辆声。
①第二天早晨 the next morning
②···的声音（噪音） the noise of···
[课后练习]
根据首字母或中文提示完成单词。
Some volunteers were busy （清理）the snow from the streets when I went to work.
She rode on the road with the dog running （在后面）.
---Where did you buy the （烙饼） They taste so delicious.
---They’re home-made.
She is n fifty now, but she looks young.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Miss Lee （not wash）clothes this time yesterday.
They （travel）to England for the coming summer holiday.
We （sudden）realized that everything seemed to have changed overnight.
When I （meet）Mrs White in the street yesterday, I stopped （talk）to her.
While I （walk）in the park, I （see）some children playing games yesterday.
The manager asked his secretary （print）the documents for him.
Kitty was waving to the visitors while she （dance）to the music.
When we arrived at the train station, we saw many people
（wait）for the trains.
---How did you fall in love with my mum, Dad
---She （sing）a song when I first saw her. She was so beautiful and got a very sweet voice.
单项选择。
（ ）1.I lost my newspaper the wind.
A.from B.of C.under D.in
（ ）2.The boy kept me the same question over and over again.
A.ask B.to ask C.asked D.asking
（ ）3.---When did you
---I Nanjing three days ago.
A.arrive at；got to B.arrive in；got to
C.arrive；arrived D.arrive；got to
（ ）4.Mr Wu told Kitty forget the door when she left.
A.not；to close B.not to；to close
C.not；closing D.not to；closing
（ ）5.When I walked past his room, I heard him
piano.
A.playing B.to play the
C.playing the D.to play
（ ）6.The old woman nearly because of the ice on the road.
A.fell over B.fell behind
C.fell out D.fell from
（ ）7.I saw many people at the bus stop when I walked past it.
A.waited B.wait C.to wait D.waiting
（ ）8.---Ouch! You hurt me.
---I’m sorry, but I any harm. I
to drive a mouse out.
A.didn’t mean；try
B.don't mean；am trying
C.don't mean；try
D.didn't mean；was trying
（ ）9.A small town in Norway doesn't get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March— six months out of the year.
A.only B.hardly C.clearly D.nearly
（ ）10.---How was the storm
---Very bad. It my hometown suddenly.
A.came B.hit C.started D.happened
（ ）11. the earthquake happened, most of the people at home.
A.While；are sleeping B.When；slept
C.While；slept D.When；was sleeping
四．根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. The weather （确实很糟糕）. Everyone wants to go home as soon as possible.
2. Suddenly, a strong wind blew and I
（差点儿摔倒）.
At first, we （不得不缓慢行走）in the deep snow.
People （正忙于清理）the snow from the streets when I got there.
尽管那些医生尽全力挽救他，但是他的心脏最终停止了跳动。
Although those doctors , his heart at last.
吉姆今天早晨上学迟到了，因为他乘坐的公共汽车半路出故障了。
Jim was late for school this morning because the bust he took halfway.
因为交通繁忙，丹尼尔到达机场迟到了。
Daniel the airport because of
.