专题05 短文改错-2024年高考英语满分冲刺攻略(命题分析+应试技巧+真题回顾(2013-2023))(学生版+教师版)

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名称 专题05 短文改错-2024年高考英语满分冲刺攻略(命题分析+应试技巧+真题回顾(2013-2023))(学生版+教师版)
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题05 短文改错
命题分析
高考短文改错题在新高考中已经被替换,目前只有全国甲卷和全国乙卷的考生还需要备考此题型。可见此题型在以后的高考中会渐渐被替换。但是目前旧高考的学生还是需要好好复习。为此我们整理了近十年短文改错的命题规律,供师生参考。
短文改错对考生的要求较高,是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查,检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力,进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平。考生在该项上往往失分较多,对该题感到束手无策。但是,如果解题时能从有效掌握解题思路、出题规律及破解题目关键两大处入手,此类题目就会迎刃而解。
2013-2023年高考英语短文改错试题分析:
年份 试卷类型 体裁 词数 考点分布
2022年 全国甲卷 记叙文 103 固定搭配、主谓一致、形容词、时态、固定搭配、非谓语动词、状语从句、副词、并列连词、冠词
全国乙卷 说明文 97 形容词、主谓一致、介词、状语从句、代词、非谓语动词、语态、定语从句、时态、名词
2021年 全国甲卷 说明文 103 主谓一致、固定结构、名词复数、固定短语、代词、非谓语动词、时态、连词、副词
全国乙卷 记叙文 101 名词单复数、动词、连词、介词、时态、动词、固定搭配、形容词、人称代词、祈使句
2020年 新课标卷I 记叙文 117 形容词、非谓语动词、情态动词、非谓语动词、连词、名词复数、介词、连词、冠词、代词
新课标卷II 记叙文 99 定语从句、固定搭配、形容词、时态、连词、不可数名词、副词、介词、代词、固定短语
新课标卷III 记叙文 102 固定短语、名词单复数、固定短语、简单句、冠词、时态、主谓一致、固定句型、代词、定语从句。
2019年 新课标卷I 记叙文 95 形容词;定语从句;冠词;连词;副词; 固定搭配;名词的数; 现在分词; 固定搭配; 固定搭配
新课标卷II 记叙文 105 名词的数;形容词的用法;序数词; 副词;介词;连词;there be句型 形容词;形容词比较级;一般过去时
新课标卷III 说明文 108 不定式;动词的时态;形容词 固定搭配;介词;代词;定语从句 动词的固定搭配;名词的数;冠词
2018年 新课标卷I 记叙文 113 冠词;动词时态;不定代词;副词;名词复数 定语从句;非谓语动词;形容词;介词;连词
新课标卷II 记叙文 108 名词;名词单复数;冠词;非谓语动词 情态动词;代词;固定搭配;介词;时态 宾语从句的连接词
新课标卷III 记叙文 102 时态;非谓语动词;连词;固定搭配;代词;固定结构;比较级;主谓一致;副词
2017年 新课标卷I 记叙文 114 数词;冠词;连词;时态;单复数;非谓语动词;固定句型;副词;形容词;介词
新课标卷II 记叙文 92 不定代词;冠词;形容词;定语从句;副词;动词搭配;连接词;名词;时态;非谓语动词
新课标卷III 记叙文 110 介词;动词时态;连词;非谓语动词;动词时态;限定词;定语从句;形容词;形容词最高级;代词
2016年 新课标卷I 记叙文 93 定语从句;连词;时态;词性;连词;非谓语动词;介词;冠词;代词;副词
新课标卷II 记叙文 106 特殊结构;情态动词;并列结构;连词;冠词;代词;名词单复数;虚拟语气;时态;代词。
新课标卷III 说明文 108 名词复数;形容词最高级;冠词;反身代词;so/such的用法;时态;形容词;非谓语动词;介词;状语从句
2015年 全国卷I 记叙文 105 时态;冠词;连词;介词;副词;名词单复数;代词
全国卷II 记叙文 107 名词单复数;介词;非谓语动词;从属连词;时态;冠词;副词
2014年 全国卷I 记叙文 108 副词;介词;名词单复数;时态;冠词;形容词;副词;并列连词
全国卷II 记叙文 116 副词;时态;介词;名词单复数;冠词;形容词
2013年 全国卷I 记叙文 108 时态;副词;名词单复数;介词;代词;并列连词;冠词;从属连词
全国卷II 记叙文 66 介词;非谓语动词;定语从句;时态;冠词;副词;固定搭配;名词
2023年 全国乙卷 记叙文 109 代词;动词;时态;定语从句;冠词;副词;形容词
全国甲卷 记叙文 101 时态;代词;名词;形容词;连词;定语从句;冠词;主谓一致
题型解读
一般来说,短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生习作或类似于考生习作的文章。所选材料篇幅较短,约100词左右,10—12个句子;难度不大,基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见,通常是叙述一个事情或说明一个事物。从体裁上看,历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主,兼顾说明文和议论文。通常从词法,句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题,错误类型有多词,缺词,和错词三种,比例一般为错词:多词:缺词=8:1:1 。此外,错题点通常并不会重复,比如动词的错误,通常会在时态语态,非谓语等考察,如果考生发现时态有误,那么时态错误一般不会重复出现两次。
真题回顾
【2023 年全国乙卷】
Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore. The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.Mom was sure same color would look great on her. She put the new color on her hair or sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions saying. However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair. She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use. At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
【答案】1. his → her 2. 删除 with 3. choose → chose 4. that → whose 5. same 前加 the
6. or → and 7. saying → said 8. final → finally 9. washing → wash 10. truth → true
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的妈妈自己染发的故事。
【详解】1.考查代词。句意:上周五,我妈妈决定染头发。此处指“我妈妈染她的头发”,应用代词 her。
故 his 改为 her。
2.考查动词。句意:她研究了药店里所有的护发产品。study 是及物动词,后面直接接宾语,介词 with 多余。故删除 with。
3.考查时态。句意:她选的颜色装在一个盒子里,盒子里有一张女人的照片,她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。
此处是定语从句的谓语动词,由上文 Last Friday 可知,应用一般过去时。故 choose 改为 chose。
4.考查定语从句。句意:她选的颜色装在一个盒子里,盒子里有一张女人的照片,她的头发颜色看起来非常
完美。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是 woman,关系词在从句中作 hair 的定语,应用关系代词 whose 引
导。故 that 改为 whose。
5.考查冠词。句意:妈妈确信同样的颜色在她身上会很好看。same 前常加定冠词。故 same 前加 the。
6.考查连词。句意:她把头发染成新的颜色,静静地坐了 30 分钟,就像说明书上说的那样。此处是并列顺
承关系,不存在选择关系。故 or 改为 and。
7.考查动词时态。句意:她把头发染成新的颜色,静静地坐了 30 分钟,就像说明书上说的那样。as 引导方
式状语从句,由语境可知,句子陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故 saying 改为 said。
8.考查副词。句意:然而,她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发,而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词 got,
应用副词,作状语。故 final 改为 finally。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:她直接走进淋浴间去洗,但是没有用。此处不定式表目的,应用动词原形。故 washing改为 wash。
10.考查形容词。句意:至少有一件事被证明是正确的:这种颜色洗不掉。prove 为系动词,表示“证明是”,
后接形容词。故 truth 改为 true。
【2023 年全国甲卷】
I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me. In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed we insects on stamps. The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps. Miss Zhao told us the names of the insects or described their living habits. She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun. Now, I’ve come to love those of small living things. In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me.
【答案】1.to 后添加 be 2.make→made 3.we→us 4.butterfly→butterflies 5.beautifully→beautiful
6.or→and 7.what→which 8.删除 of 9.the→a 10.become→becomes
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经害怕昆虫,但是上星期五的生物课使作者觉得昆虫也
很有趣。
【详解】1.考查固定短语。句意:我过去害怕昆虫,但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。表示“害
怕......”短语为 be afraid of,此处为 used to do sth.。故 to 后添加 be。
2.考查时态。句意:我过去害怕昆虫,但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。事情发生在上周五,
故用一般过去时。故 make 改为 made。
3.考查代词。句意:在那节课上,我们的生物老师赵老师给我们看了邮票上的昆虫。作动词 show 的宾语,
应用宾格 us。故 we 改为 us。
4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意:根据上文 The bees 可知,
此处应用复数形式。故 butterfly 改为 butterflies。
5.考查形容词。句意:蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词 lovely 后跟形容词
beautiful,作表语。故 beautifully 改为 beautiful。
6.考查连词。句意:赵老师给我们讲了昆虫的名字,并描述了它们的生活习性。此处前后文为并列关系,应
用连词 and。故 or 改为 and。
7.考查定语从句。句意:她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音,这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing,从句缺少主语,指物,在故 what 改为 which。
8.考查介词。句意:现在,我开始喜欢上那些小生物了。those 后可以直接跟 small living things 作定语,不
需要介词。故删除 of。
9.考查冠词。句意:晚上,当我在学校的花园里散步时,昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示“散步”
短语为 take a walk。故 the 改为 a。
10.考查主谓一致。句意:晚上,当我在学校的花园里散步时,昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为
一般现在时,主语为 the singing of insects,谓语用三单形式。故 become 改为 becomes。
典例一 (2022 全国乙卷)
We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
【答案】1. greatly→great
2. lives→live
3. 在because后加of
4. Whether →If 或Whether →When
5. they → you
6. cause→causing
7. 去掉have后的been
8. what→which
9. were→are
10. bicycle→bicycles
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者表述了骑自行车这项运动可以带来的好处。
1.考查形容词。句意: 我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。
2.考查主谓一致。句意:医生告诉我,寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。people是集合名词,谓语动词用复数。故将lives改为live。
3.考查介词。句意:也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。because表示“因为”,后面接从句,短语because of表示“因为”,后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。
4.考查状语从句连接词。句意:当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知,该句阐述的是一个事实,需用if或when引导;位于句首,注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。
5.考查代词。句意:所以你不会制造出二氧化碳,也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知,这里假设“你”骑自行车,前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:所以你不会制造出二氧化碳,也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进行时,连词and连接两个并列的现在分词,构成进行时。故将cause改为causing。
7.考查语态。句意:看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。主语cars与动词take over之间是主谓关系,应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。
8.考查定语从句关系词。句意:它们经常高速行驶,这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的一句话,在从句中做主语,应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
9.考查时态。句意:还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知,本句应用一般现在时。故将were改为are。
10.考查名词。句意:如果用自行车代替汽车,我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词,由句中的cars和句意可知,此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。
典例二 (2021 全国甲卷)
My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school. He showed me how his medical instruments was used. I felt so closely to him. However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him. I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late. The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. With the efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other better.
【答案】1.去掉my
2was→were
3.closely→close
4.become→became
5.talk前面加to
6.stay→staying
7.too→so
8.what→how
9.or→and
10.all→both
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了作者在成长过程中和父亲之间关系的变化及处理分歧的过程。
【详解】
1.考查短语。句意:当我不上学时,我的爸爸经常带我去他的医院。off school为固定短语,表示“不在上学时”,school前面不加任何限定词。故将my去掉。
2.考查主谓一致。句意:他向我展示他的医疗器械是如何使用的。主语instruments为复数形式,全文为一般过去时,be动词用复数形式were。故将was改为were。
3.考查形容词。句意:我对他感觉如此亲近。felt为系动词,后面用形容词作表语,表示“亲近的”,closely为副词,此处用close。故将closely改为close。
4.考查动词时态。句意:然而,在我上了高中之后,不知怎么的,我开始疏远他。全文用一般过去时,动词become应改为过去式became。故将become改为became。
5.考查短语。句意:我不愿意和他交谈,经常违反他让我不要在外面待到很晚的规定。be willing to do意思为:愿意做,为固定短语。故在talk前面加to。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。of为介词,后面的动词stay用动名词形式staying作宾语。故将stay改为staying。
7.考查状语从句。句意:这分歧如此尖锐,以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。固定句型“so…that…”译为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。故将too改为so。
8.考查副词。句意同上。此处为“疑问副词+不定式”结构来做动词knew的宾语。结合句意,此处表达“如何解决它”,settle it为动宾关系,此处缺少方式状语,用how。故将what改为how。
9.考查并列连词。句意:一天,他和我交谈,并且希望修补我们的关系。根据语境,“talked with me”与“hoped to mend our relations”为顺承、递进关系,用and连接。故将or改为and。
10.考查限定词。句意:在两方的努力下,我们开始更好地理解对方。结合语境可知,此处表示作者和父亲双方,用both修饰sides,表示两方,all用于三者及以上。故将all改为both。
典例一 (2021 全国乙卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【答案】1. dish→dishes
2. tidying→tidy
3. whatever→whenever
4. doing前加from
5. was→is
6. 去掉are
7. most→more
8. mentally→mental
9. our→my
10. hopes→hope
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对于做家务这件事的看法以及做家务会带来的好处。
【详解】
1. 考查名词单复数。句意:饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。
2. 考查动词。句意:我也给院子里的花浇水,必要时打扫我自己的卧室。分析句子结构以及并列连词and可知,此处tidy up是并列谓语。根据上文的“water the flowers”可知,句子要使用一般现在时。主语第一人称I,谓语动词用原型。故将tidying改为tidy。
3. 考查连词。句意:我也给院子里的花浇水,必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知,此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”,所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。
4. 考查介词。句意:在我看来,学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语“benefit......from...... ”译为“从……中获益”。故在doing前加from。
5. 考查时态。句意:首先,做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据全文时态可知,本文陈述客观事实需要用一般现在时。主语doing housework为单数,谓语也用单数。故将was改为is。
6. 考查动词。句意:同时,这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情,改善了家庭关系。根据句意可知,此处表达“去做他们喜欢的事情”,动词like译为“喜欢”满足句意;所以动词like前的系动词are多余。故删去are。
7. 考查固定搭配。句意:此外,做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定短语“what’s more”译为“此外”。故将most改为more。
8. 考查形容词。句意:同时,这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情,改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。
9. 考查人称代词。句意:这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知,此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。故将our改为my。
10. 考查祈使句。句意:希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考!分析句子结构可知,此处为祈使句,所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。
典例二 (2020 新课标全国卷I)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. "Not that way," my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished.
【答案】
1.考查形容词。句意:今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故将simply改为simple。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词,后接动词原形,to多余,故将to去掉。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。
5.考查连词。句意:首先我把西红柿切成块,并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系,应使用and连接,故将but改为and。
6.考查名词复数。句意:下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里,然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词,意为“筷子”,通常以复数形式出现,故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
7.考查介词。句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅,然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知,把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子,所以此处应使用短语turn on,故将off改为n。
8.考查连词。句意:我耐心等待,直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热,应使用until/till引导时间状语从句,故将unless改为until/till。
9.考查冠词。句意:然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan,所以其前应加定冠词the,故在pan前the。
10.考查代词。句意:“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据上文可知,是作者一个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为me。
典例三 (2019 新课标全国卷I)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
【答案】
I became in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground. To everyone’s , the ball went into the net. All the football on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历,自己喜欢上了踢足球。从此成了一名优秀球员。
第一处:【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest(使感兴趣;使关注)”的形容词有interesting(使人感兴趣的)常修饰物;与interested(表现出兴趣的)常修饰人。本句的意思为:多亏一个偶然的事件,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I,故将interesting改为interested。
第二处:【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
第三处:【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a。
第四处:【解析】考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
第五处:【解析】考查副词。“hard(努力地;费力地)”与“hardly(几乎不;几乎没有)”都为副词,但是词义不同。本句意思为:我挡住足球,并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。
第六处:【解析】考查固定搭配。“to one’s + 名词”在句中表示结果,“to one’s surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是…”。故将surprising改为surprise。
第七处:【解析】考查名词的数。“player(运动员)”为可数名词,所以all(所有的)后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
第八处:【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为saying。
第九处:【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:从那时开始,我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。且“from now on(从现在开始)”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生动作或存在的情况,不能用一般过去时。此处后面是一般过去时,表示“从那时起”是from then on,故将now改为then。
第十处:【解析】考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”,中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。
典例四 (2018 新课标全国卷I)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
【答案】
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶过程中的所见所闻,由此讲述了乡下的巨大变化。
第一处:countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下,故加定冠词the。
第二处:find改成found 考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知,事件发生在过去,故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
第三处:another改成other 考查形容词的用法。他们住在一个小房子里,院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知,将another改成other。
第四处:here改成there 考查副词及语意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。
第五处:chicken改成chickens 考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知,其后用名词复数形式。
第六处:which改成in which或where 考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。
第七处:sell改成selling 考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词,故用selling。
第八处:happily改成happy 考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高,我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语,故将happily改成happy。
第九处:删除for 考查介词的用法。时间名词有every,each,last等词修饰时,其前不用介词。故删除for。
第十处:but改成and 考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次,他同意了。此处是并列关系,故将but改成and。
典例五 (2017 新课标全国卷I)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, "Speed up!" "Slow down!" "Turning left!" I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the , "Speed up!" "Slow down!" " left!" I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes , the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。
第一处:eighteen改为eighteenth 考查数词。句意:在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假。eighteen意思为"十八,十八个",表示数量,eighteenth表示"第十八个的",故将eighteen改为eighteenth。
第二处:first前加the/my 考查冠词。句意:我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天,所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my,my first day表示"我(学驾照)的第一天",故在first前加the或my。
第三处:so改为but/yet 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话,结果一发动车,脑中一片空白,前后文为转折关系,故将so改为but或yet。
第四处:goes改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时,故将goes改为went。
第五处:word改为words 考查单复数。句意:教练一直喊"加速!""减速!""左转!"。word"单词,消息",words 可以表示为word的复数,也表示某人说的话,这里指教练说的那些话,故将word改为words。
第六处:Turning改为Turn 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话"加速","减速","左转"都是祈使句,根据前文"Speed up!" "Slow down!"也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形,故将Turning改为Turn。
第七处:much去掉 考查固定句型。句意:我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so...that…表示"如此……以至于……",much为多余成分,故将much去掉。
第八处:late改为later 考查副词。late在此作副词,late"迟地",later"稍后、随后"。此处表示"几分钟之后",故将late改为later。
第九处:suddenly改为sudden 考查形容词。句意:我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词,表示"意外地,忽然地"。sudden为形容词,表示"突然的;迅速的",修饰名词stop用形容词,故将suddenly改为sudden。a sudden stop表示"急刹车"。
第十处:on改为of 考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示"在路中间急刹车",on the road表示"在路上",the middle of the road表示"路的中央",强调的是"the middle",故将on改为of。
应试技巧
【解题策略】
一、熟悉设错方式:多词、少词、错词
多词现象:大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
少词现象:主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
错词现象:主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。
二、对全文的宏观把握
学生应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解,对上下文全面的了解。在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读,分析判断,上下兼顾,把拿的准的题先做完,这样可以缩小范围,且有助于对全文的进一步理解。
三、具体常见错误
01查看文中句子时态是否一致
看一篇文章,要有一种大局观,看看上下文的时态是否一致。
例如:When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.
此题的 think 应改为thought。短文第一句使用了过去时态,而第二句承接第一句的时间,故原文中的动词应用think的过去形式thought。2015 全国卷I
02查看主谓是否一致
例如:Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
此题的 required 应改为 requires。根据may可知,本句为一般现在时,且主语为it,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。2019全国卷 Ⅲ
03查指代是否一致
在短文改错中常会出现指代错误,you与your,it's与its,it与they或them,one与ones,宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等。
例如:In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.
yourselves 应改为 themselves。customers 是第三人称“他们”,故对应的反身代词应改为themselves。 2019全国卷 Ⅲ
04查平行结构是否平行一致
由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
例如:It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行,应改为drive。
05查名词的单复数与修饰词语是否一致
在several, many, various, different, a few, one of等之后,常常接名词的复数,在every与each之后常常使用单数形式。
例如:Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
job是可数名词,其前有different修饰,“不同的工作”是复数概念,故此处用jobs。2019 全国卷Ⅱ
06查行文逻辑是否一致(连词)
譬如像or与and的误用,and与but的误用,so与but的误用,because或since与so连用,though与but连用等。
例如:Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
but → and, football是可数名词,前面用不定冠词a表示泛指;“足球落到我的面前”与“我几乎被砸中了”是并列关系,不表示转折,故将but改为and。2019 全国卷I
07形容词与副词的误用
如exciting与excited,hard与hardly,possible与possibly,here与there等。需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
例如:
I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully → wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate →Unfortunately)
第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
08一些固定结构的误用
如so...that被误用作very...that,too...to被误用very...to,as...as被误作so...as等。
09非谓语动词的常见错误
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时,and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致;介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后需要接动名词或不定式等等。
例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting → interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(Play → Playing)
My parents love me … and will do all they can ∧ make sure … (to)
10逻辑错误
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。
例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his → their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”
四、验证答案
短文改错做完后,要回过头来重读一遍全文,查看改过后是否能使语气通顺,时态一致,合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力,仔细推敲,使答案更加准确。
做题的口诀:
动词形,名词数;注意形和副;
非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住;
句子成分多分析;逻辑错误须关注。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题05 短文改错
命题分析
高考短文改错题在新高考中已经被替换,目前只有全国甲卷和全国乙卷的考生还需要备考此题型。可见此题型在以后的高考中会渐渐被替换。但是目前旧高考的学生还是需要好好复习。为此我们整理了近十年短文改错的命题规律,供师生参考。
短文改错对考生的要求较高,是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查,检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力,进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平。考生在该项上往往失分较多,对该题感到束手无策。但是,如果解题时能从有效掌握解题思路、出题规律及破解题目关键两大处入手,此类题目就会迎刃而解。
2013-2023年高考英语短文改错试题分析:
年份 试卷类型 体裁 词数 考点分布
2022年 全国甲卷 记叙文 103 固定搭配、主谓一致、形容词、时态、固定搭配、非谓语动词、状语从句、副词、并列连词、冠词
全国乙卷 说明文 97 形容词、主谓一致、介词、状语从句、代词、非谓语动词、语态、定语从句、时态、名词
2021年 全国甲卷 说明文 103 主谓一致、固定结构、名词复数、固定短语、代词、非谓语动词、时态、连词、副词
全国乙卷 记叙文 101 名词单复数、动词、连词、介词、时态、动词、固定搭配、形容词、人称代词、祈使句
2020年 新课标卷I 记叙文 117 形容词、非谓语动词、情态动词、非谓语动词、连词、名词复数、介词、连词、冠词、代词
新课标卷II 记叙文 99 定语从句、固定搭配、形容词、时态、连词、不可数名词、副词、介词、代词、固定短语
新课标卷III 记叙文 102 固定短语、名词单复数、固定短语、简单句、冠词、时态、主谓一致、固定句型、代词、定语从句。
2019年 新课标卷I 记叙文 95 形容词;定语从句;冠词;连词;副词; 固定搭配;名词的数; 现在分词; 固定搭配; 固定搭配
新课标卷II 记叙文 105 名词的数;形容词的用法;序数词; 副词;介词;连词;there be句型 形容词;形容词比较级;一般过去时
新课标卷III 说明文 108 不定式;动词的时态;形容词 固定搭配;介词;代词;定语从句 动词的固定搭配;名词的数;冠词
2018年 新课标卷I 记叙文 113 冠词;动词时态;不定代词;副词;名词复数 定语从句;非谓语动词;形容词;介词;连词
新课标卷II 记叙文 108 名词;名词单复数;冠词;非谓语动词 情态动词;代词;固定搭配;介词;时态 宾语从句的连接词
新课标卷III 记叙文 102 时态;非谓语动词;连词;固定搭配;代词;固定结构;比较级;主谓一致;副词
2017年 新课标卷I 记叙文 114 数词;冠词;连词;时态;单复数;非谓语动词;固定句型;副词;形容词;介词
新课标卷II 记叙文 92 不定代词;冠词;形容词;定语从句;副词;动词搭配;连接词;名词;时态;非谓语动词
新课标卷III 记叙文 110 介词;动词时态;连词;非谓语动词;动词时态;限定词;定语从句;形容词;形容词最高级;代词
2016年 新课标卷I 记叙文 93 定语从句;连词;时态;词性;连词;非谓语动词;介词;冠词;代词;副词
新课标卷II 记叙文 106 特殊结构;情态动词;并列结构;连词;冠词;代词;名词单复数;虚拟语气;时态;代词。
新课标卷III 说明文 108 名词复数;形容词最高级;冠词;反身代词;so/such的用法;时态;形容词;非谓语动词;介词;状语从句
2015年 全国卷I 记叙文 105 时态;冠词;连词;介词;副词;名词单复数;代词
全国卷II 记叙文 107 名词单复数;介词;非谓语动词;从属连词;时态;冠词;副词
2014年 全国卷I 记叙文 108 副词;介词;名词单复数;时态;冠词;形容词;副词;并列连词
全国卷II 记叙文 116 副词;时态;介词;名词单复数;冠词;形容词
2013年 全国卷I 记叙文 108 时态;副词;名词单复数;介词;代词;并列连词;冠词;从属连词
全国卷II 记叙文 66 介词;非谓语动词;定语从句;时态;冠词;副词;固定搭配;名词
2023年 全国乙卷 记叙文 109 代词;动词;时态;定语从句;冠词;副词;形容词
全国甲卷 记叙文 101 时态;代词;名词;形容词;连词;定语从句;冠词;主谓一致
题型解读
一般来说,短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生习作或类似于考生习作的文章。所选材料篇幅较短,约100词左右,10—12个句子;难度不大,基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见,通常是叙述一个事情或说明一个事物。从体裁上看,历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主,兼顾说明文和议论文。通常从词法,句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题,错误类型有多词,缺词,和错词三种,比例一般为错词:多词:缺词=8:1:1 。此外,错题点通常并不会重复,比如动词的错误,通常会在时态语态,非谓语等考察,如果考生发现时态有误,那么时态错误一般不会重复出现两次。
真题回顾
【2023 年全国乙卷】
Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore. The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.Mom was sure same color would look great on her. She put the new color on her hair or sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions saying. However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair. She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use. At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
【2023 年全国甲卷】
I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me. In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed we insects on stamps. The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps. Miss Zhao told us the names of the insects or described their living habits. She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun. Now, I’ve come to love those of small living things. In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me.
典例一 (2022 全国乙卷)
We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
典例二 (2021 全国甲卷)
My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school. He showed me how his medical instruments was used. I felt so closely to him. However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him. I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late. The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. With the efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other better.
典例一 (2021 全国乙卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
典例二 (2020 新课标全国卷I)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. "Not that way," my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished.
典例三 (2019 新课标全国卷I)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
典例四 (2018 新课标全国卷I)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
典例五 (2017 新课标全国卷I)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, "Speed up!" "Slow down!" "Turning left!" I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
应试技巧
【解题策略】
一、熟悉设错方式:多词、少词、错词
多词现象:大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
少词现象:主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
错词现象:主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。
二、对全文的宏观把握
学生应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解,对上下文全面的了解。在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读,分析判断,上下兼顾,把拿的准的题先做完,这样可以缩小范围,且有助于对全文的进一步理解。
三、具体常见错误
01查看文中句子时态是否一致
看一篇文章,要有一种大局观,看看上下文的时态是否一致。
例如:When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.
02查看主谓是否一致
例如:Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
03查指代是否一致
在短文改错中常会出现指代错误,you与your,it's与its,it与they或them,one与ones,宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等。
例如:In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.
04查平行结构是否平行一致
由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
例如:It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行,应改为drive。
05查名词的单复数与修饰词语是否一致
在several, many, various, different, a few, one of等之后,常常接名词的复数,在every与each之后常常使用单数形式。
例如:Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
06查行文逻辑是否一致(连词)
譬如像or与and的误用,and与but的误用,so与but的误用,because或since与so连用,though与but连用等。
例如:Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
07形容词与副词的误用
如exciting与excited,hard与hardly,possible与possibly,here与there等。需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
例如:
I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully → wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate →Unfortunately)
08一些固定结构的误用
如so...that被误用作very...that,too...to被误用very...to,as...as被误作so...as等。
09非谓语动词的常见错误
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时,and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致;介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后需要接动名词或不定式等等。
例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting → interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(Play → Playing)
My parents love me … and will do all they can ∧ make sure … (to)
10逻辑错误
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。
例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his → their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
四、验证答案
短文改错做完后,要回过头来重读一遍全文,查看改过后是否能使语气通顺,时态一致,合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力,仔细推敲,使答案更加准确。
做题的口诀:
动词形,名词数;注意形和副;
非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住;
句子成分多分析;逻辑错误须关注。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)
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