专题01 阅读理解-2024年高考英语满分冲刺攻略（命题分析+应试技巧+真题回顾（2013-2023））（学生版+教师版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题01 阅读理解
命题分析
2022年高考英语阅读理解还是延续以往的风格，考查细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测以及主旨要义四大题型，其总体难度和往年持平，学生想要得高分，需要在阅读理解上下功夫。
以下近十年（2013—2023年）阅读理解命题考点情况：
试卷 年份 篇序 体裁 词数 话题 考点分布
类型
新高考全国卷II 2023年 A 应用文 311 黄石公园“护林员”游园项目介绍 细节理解题8
B 说明文 379 学校园艺项目 推理判断题4
C 说明文 430 《阅读的艺术》书籍介绍 词义猜测题2
D 说明文 454 城市中的自然场所有益健康 主旨大意题1
2022年 A 应用文 324 人与社会：儿童博物馆团体游 细节理解题8
B 记叙文 454 人与社会：把儿童读物误认平板电脑 推理判断题4
C 说明文 417 人与社会：短信监控器技术 词义猜测题2
D 说明文 496 人与自我：锻炼对心脏的好处 主旨大意题1
2021年 A 应用文 336 人与社会：约克郡的四个活动 细节理解题10
B 记叙文 316 人与自然：在家照顾两只幼虎 推理判断题3
C 记叙文 387 人与社会：世界最佳教师 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 440 人与自我：监测放牧牛健康的机器人 主旨大意题1
2020年 A 应用文 308 人与社会：四个不同类型的夏令营 细节理解题9
B 记叙文 438 人与社会：奶奶的盒子 推理判断题4
C 说明文 456 人与社会：《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 437 人与自然：热带雨林，世界最大的药房 主旨大意题1
新高考全国卷I 2023年 A 应用文 272 自行车租赁&游览项目介绍 细节理解题6
B 记叙文 448 一项具有环保价值的发明---生态设计 推理判断题7
C 说明文 405 如何建立数字极简生活方式 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 428 群体智慧效应 主旨大意题1
2022年 A 应用文 320 人与社会：文学概论课程评分办法 细节理解题6
B 说明文 477 人与自然：日常生活食物浪费现象 推理判断题7
C 说明文 429 人与社会：改善老年人健康状况的项目 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 494 人与自我：人类语音变化 主旨大意题1
2021年 A 应用文 373 人与社会：罗马的四个旅馆 细节理解题8
B 记叙文 429 人与社会：介绍钢琴翻页的职业 推理判断题5
C 说明文 423 人与自然：湿地破坏，保护环境 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 423 人与自我：情商是品质还是技能 主旨大意题1
2020年 A 应用文 285 人与社会：诗歌邀请赛 细节理解题8
B 记叙文 432 人与自我：努力自有回报 推理判断题4
C 说明文 383 人与社会：介绍一本有关乌兹别克斯坦游记的书 词义猜测题2
D 说明文 432 人与社会：就餐同伴对饮食习惯的影响 写作意图题1
全国甲卷 2023年 A 应用文 325 曼谷的四家美食餐厅 细节理解题10
B 说明文 410 DIY 推理判断题3
C 书评 424 《苏格拉底哲学特快车》书评 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 445 人类如何与灰熊和谐相处 主旨大意题1
2022年 A 应用文 287 介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所 细节理解题8
B 说明文 255 介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉 推理判断题3
C 说明文 305 介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界 词义猜测题1
D 记叙文 340 作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题 主旨大意题3
2021年 A 应用文 304 介绍摄影作品及拍摄背景 细节理解题5
B 说明文 380 介绍濒危动物黑犀的保护与繁育现状 推理判断题8
C 记叙文 447 玩滑板帮助我融入新环境 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 409 天才没有性别，种族和信仰之分 主旨大意题1
全国乙卷 2023年 A 说明文 232 介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹 细节理解题5
B 记叙文 245 讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。 推理判断题8
C 说明文 298 介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。 词义猜测题1
D 应用文 343 仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳 入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性 主旨大意题1
2022年 A 应用文 194 介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况 细节理解题10
B 说明文 319 介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价 推理判断题3
C 记叙文 314 应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 325 介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育 主旨大意题1
2021年 A 说明文 284 世界上最大的体育场馆 细节理解题6
推理判断题6
B 说明文 411 座机的保留 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 390 艺术家将塑料废品制作成引人深思的雕塑 段落大意题1
D 说明文 427 适度的背景噪音有助于创造性工作 标题归纳题1
卷I 2020年 A 应用文 219 火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息 细节理解题8
推理判断题4
B 说明文 298 重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 311 竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。 段落大意题1
D 议论文 332 绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。 标题归纳题1
2019年 A 应用文 256 省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。 细节理解题7
推理判断题5
B 记叙文 300 Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 243 新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。 段落大意题1
D 议论文 351 对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。 标题归纳题1
2018年 A 应用文 270 Washington, D.C.旅游的四种路线 细节理解题8
推理判断题2
词义猜测题1
B 说明文 270 绍了一档英国系列电视节目 观点态度题1
C 说明文 304 随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因 主旨大意题2
D 说明文 363 新旧电子设备的差别 写作意图题1
2017年 A 应用文 231 购物中心Pacific Science Center 细节理解题6
推理判断题 5
观点态度题 1
B 记叙文 296 救助一只小猫头鹰的故事 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 352 爵士乐问题 主旨大意题1
D 说明文 315 自制太阳能蒸馏器的方法 写作意图题1
2016年 A 记叙文 267 主要介绍几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。 细节理解题10
B 议论文 287 介绍社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。 推理判断题3
C 记叙文 262 作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历。 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 327 沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。 主旨大意题1
2015年 A 应用文 311 主要介绍伦敦博物馆。 细节理解题9
B 记叙文 463 享受佛罗里达的萨拉索塔的时光。 推理判断题5
C 记叙文 322 介绍萨尔瓦多·达利。 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 463 咖啡馆的冲突 主旨大意题0
2014年 A 记叙文 311 手提箱失而复得。 细节理解题9
B 记叙文 391 美国环境问题自地球日成立以来有了很大的改善。 推理判断题4
C 说明文 443 越来越多的美国人希望自己的孩子能学习汉语。 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 393 介绍地铁站的相关信息 主旨大意题1
E 说明文 428 介绍一部电影（少年特工科迪）
2013年 A 记叙文 433 作者的省钱经历。 细节理解题10
B 说明文 394 对刚出生的婴儿听觉视觉等进行试验。 推理判断题4
C 议论文 464 阐述喜欢撒谎读书的理由。 词义猜测题0
D 说明文 290 介绍英国国家美术馆的展品 主旨大意题1
卷II 2020年 A 应用文 278 是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。 细节理解题7
推理判断题4
B 说明文 246 是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。 词义猜测题2
C 说明文 330 美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。 标题归纳题1
D 夹叙夹议文 344 作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。 主旨大意题1
2019年 A 应用文 242 作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍 细节理解题8
推理判断题4
B 记叙文 312 作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 334 介绍了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间。 标题归纳题1
D 说明文 272 戈登和他的学生研究在国际空间站克服微生物的问题。 主旨大意题1
2018年 A 应用文 284 家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动 细节理解题6
推理判断题5
B 说明文 268 水果营养丰富且对人体有益 文章出处题1
C 说明文 300 青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣减少 词义猜测题1
D 议论文 330 减少手机使用、增加与人谈话 主旨大意题2
2017年 A 应用文 306 莎士比亚剧本翻译及上演 细节理解题5
推理判断题5
代词指代题1
B 记叙文 289 作者与Paul的友谊 写作意图题1
C 说明文 307 Terrafugia 公司研制出飞行汽车 主旨大意题2
D 说明文 293 植物在受到昆虫的攻击时自我保护 词义猜测题1
2016年 A 应用文 281 四则广告的具体内容及细节信息 细节理解题8
推理判断题4
B 记叙文 280 通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。 代词指代题1
C 说明文 249 所进行的分享图书活动的目的及具体过程 词义猜测题1
D 记叙文 278 Frank的图片记录了一次海难 主旨大意题1
2015年 A 记叙文 407 作者被愚弄以高价买了电视机 细节理解题10
B 说明文 425 房子对身材有影响。 推理判断题4
C 说明文 400 大学的学费高使得很多大学生在上大学学前就要先去挣钱然后再上大学学习 词义猜测题0
D 应用文 366 介绍四个旅游目的地 主旨大意题1
2014年 A 应用文 288 第六届剑桥科技节的通知 细节理解题8
B 说明文 444 介绍美国的旅鸽 推理判断题6
C 说明文 464 介绍驯兽师 词义猜测题1
D 记叙文 429 学者们记录濒临消失的语言和文化 主旨大意题0
2013年 A 记叙文 452 通过当飞行员的经历，学到了CRM 细节理解题12
B 说明文 373 介绍艺术家的发展史 推理判断题0
C 议论文 354 巧克力能够调节人们的情绪 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 331 母亲节的礼物 主旨大意题2
卷III 2020年 A 应用文 238 介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。 细节理解题7
B 新闻报道 247 报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。 推理判断题4
C 说明文 320 在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。 词义猜测题4
D 说明文 305 最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。 主旨大意题2
2019年 A 应用文 191 一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映 细节理解题10
B 说明文 286 中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。 推理判断题3
C 说明文 292 19世纪报纸的改革发展之路。 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 319 研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。 标题归纳题2
2018年 A 应用文 197 去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息 细节理解题10
B 说明文 316 Dawson城市的发展原因、过程与现状 推理判断题2
C 新闻报道 372 中国建筑设计师王澍获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 307 引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法 主旨大意题2
2017年 A 应用文 252 美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线 细节理解题5
推理判断题7
B 记叙文 282 一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 295 美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的故事 主旨大意题2
D 说明文 334 科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康的生活方式
2016年 A 应用文 195 介绍五个与音乐有关的活动 细节理解题7
推理判断题4
写作意图题1
B 记叙文 325 一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 278 介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。 代词指代题1
D 说明文 346 好消息比坏消息传得更快、更远，越积极乐观的消息越容易被大众分享。 主旨大意题1
近十年高考全国卷阅读选材地道，贴近学生实际，体裁多样。强调关键能力考查，引导教学聚焦语用能力，回归语言本质，充分发挥高考育人功能。试卷结构和试题难度稳定，命题质量有提升。在选材上保持了知识性、趣味性强，信息量不是很大，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛的特点，彰显文化特色，考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。4篇文章按难度渐进排列，阅读总量1100-1200词（不含选项）之间，细节题多于推断题试题数量。
一、阅读理解之细节理解题
应试技巧
规律方法1： 如何解决事实细节题？
事实细节题，关键词定位式最基本也是最常见的方法。一般根据题干中的关键词，如时间，地点和人物等，在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词when / where / what / who / why / how (many)….来提问，或是判断正误。
规律方法2：如何解决细节转换题
细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。
1. 语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异，可理解为同义改写，如原文出现30minutes，选项出现half an hour; 原文出现underground，选项则出现beneath the ground等。解答这类题目时可根据题干，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析，对比答案，一般正确答案是原文的同义改写，找出答案。
2. 图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用＂文字锁定法＂，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。
规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？
先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
1. 仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。
2. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。
3. 运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。
规律方法4：如何解决细节排序题？
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
真题回顾
【2023 年新高考全国II卷】
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from
the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy
your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon
(峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire
new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【2023 年全国乙卷】
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine.
2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education.
3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【2023 年全国甲卷】
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai
restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the word’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who
received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the
Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The
menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai
dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist.
This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those
extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of
the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai
home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels.
22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A. Gaggan. B. Bo.lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
23. What is special about Gaggan
A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
典例一 (2022 全国甲卷，A)
Theatres and Entertainment
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF 10 1 AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF 10 5 BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF 24 4 YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF 10 3 LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
1. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted
A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.
C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall.
2. What can people do at the Glee Club
A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies.
C. See family shows. D. Do creative things.
3. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre
A. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B. www.shermancymru.co.uk
C. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D. www.stdavidshalleardiff.co.uk
典例二 (2022 新高考全国II卷，B)
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
5. Why did the kid poke the storybook
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
6. What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
7. What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
典例三 (2021 全国乙卷，A)
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best-known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities（容量） slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U. S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A. 104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium. C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
23. What do the listed stadiums have in common
A. They host big games. B. They have become tourist attractions.
C. They were built by Americans. D. They are favored by architects.
典例四 (2021·全国甲卷，A)
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd(2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
Timothy Smith(2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England I was back in my hometown of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A. Writers. B. Photographers. C. Painters. D. Tourists.
2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow—covered forests.
3. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
二、阅读理解篇之推理判断题
应试技巧
推理判断题的设题形式有很多，不同的题型对应不同的技巧。如下表所示：
推断内容 考查点 解题方法
推断隐含含义 考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力 1. 跳读，找到相关信息点(推理的依据)；2. 细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；3. 结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，理解作者的言外之意。
推断写作意图 考查考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的的能力 根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的：1.记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章——娱乐读者；2. 夹叙夹议文——让读者得到某种启示或教育；3. 广告和议论文——说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；4. 科普说明文或新闻报道——告知读者某些信息。
推断下段内容、文章出处 考查考生通过阅读材料，预测内容及推断材料的来源的能力 1. 根据文章的内容或结构来推断；2. 根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处：如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用、操作方式等。
推断目标读者 考查考生根据短文内容推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的能力 根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和语气来判断。
真题回顾
【2023 年全国乙卷】
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately
twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their
things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the
Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the
objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
典例一 (2022·新高考全国卷I,B)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly"（but quite eatable）vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat," Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin's company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
典例二 (2020·全国甲卷,B)
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
4. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
5. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
6. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
典例三 (2020·全国卷I,B)
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor. C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.
典例四 (2020·全国卷II，C)
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装）enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have（showcased）nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
三、阅读理解篇之词义猜测题
应试技巧
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。我们要学会＂顺藤摸瓜＂，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1. 定义法。
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即＂退火＂。
It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是＂脆＂的意思。
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为＂牧人＂。
2. 同位法。
They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.
同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即＂城堡＂。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是＂夜班＂的意思。
3. 对比法。
She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是＂她今天第一节上了一半才来＂，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向＂准时＂的结论。
4. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。
Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred
possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是＂可能性＂。
5. 因果法。
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果＂永远不能再运动＂中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为＂永远的，永久＂。
真题回顾
【2023 年新高考全国I卷】
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
典例一 (2022·全国乙卷，C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones
A To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
典例二 (2021·新高考全国卷I，C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
典例三 (2021·全国甲卷,C)
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. Children should learn a second language.
B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
四、阅读理解篇之观点态度题
应试技巧
高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
1. 由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。 不要把自己的态度揉入其中，还要注意区分问题目的是作者的态度还是别人的态度。
2. 特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感彩的形容词。还要特别留意那些描写环境气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。 当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用的具有褒贬含义的语言去判断作者的态度。
作者的观点态度大致分为三种：(1)褒义——支持或赞同；(2)中立或客观；(3)贬义——怀疑、批评或反对。作者的观点态度还可以从词的内涵上判断。如果作者对某个话题、事件、行为持肯定的态度或观点，那么他肯定用褒义词；相反，则用贬义词。
表示贬义 negative, doubtful, disgust, critical, disappointed, disapproval, pessimistic, subjective, sarcastic, hostile等
表示褒义 positive, enthusiastic, supportive, approval, optimistic, objective, satisfied, friendly等
表示中立 neutral, indifferent, impassive, uninterested等
3. 问作者对某事物的态度时，表示＂客观＂的词多为正确选项，如objective, impartial, unbiased 等；问作者对文中提到的人/物或其观点态度时，答案多是肯定或否定、支持或反对。
4. 能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
真题回顾
典例一 (2022·全国甲卷，C)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
8. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
9. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
10. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
典例二 (2020 全国卷I，C)
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking
A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
五、阅读理解之主旨大意题
应试技巧
规律方法一、如何概括文章大意？
1. 做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。
2. 在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
规律方法二、如何总结段落大意？
段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句。
规律方法三、如何总结总结最佳标题？
最佳标题通常是根据选项的关键词来判断，选项中的中心词就是原文反复出现的关键词，通过对比分析可以确定最佳选项。有时候最佳标题会有两个部分，需同时满足前后两个部分的条件才可以定位原文重复词。如A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last 要满足nice和finish两个关键词才可以。
真题回顾
【2023 年新高考全国I卷】
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some
people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy ofthe estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The
key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a
discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent
individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group
members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did
they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant
response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
14. What did the follow-up study focus on
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
典例一 (2022 新高考全国卷II，C)
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
典例二 (2020 全国甲卷，D)
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney disco中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题01 阅读理解
命题分析
2022年高考英语阅读理解还是延续以往的风格，考查细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测以及主旨要义四大题型，其总体难度和往年持平，学生想要得高分，需要在阅读理解上下功夫。
以下近十年（2013—2023年）阅读理解命题考点情况：
试卷 年份 篇序 体裁 词数 话题 考点分布
类型
新高考全国卷II 2023年 A 应用文 311 黄石公园“护林员”游园项目介绍 细节理解题8
B 说明文 379 学校园艺项目 推理判断题4
C 说明文 430 《阅读的艺术》书籍介绍 词义猜测题2
D 说明文 454 城市中的自然场所有益健康 主旨大意题1
2022年 A 应用文 324 人与社会：儿童博物馆团体游 细节理解题8
B 记叙文 454 人与社会：把儿童读物误认平板电脑 推理判断题4
C 说明文 417 人与社会：短信监控器技术 词义猜测题2
D 说明文 496 人与自我：锻炼对心脏的好处 主旨大意题1
2021年 A 应用文 336 人与社会：约克郡的四个活动 细节理解题10
B 记叙文 316 人与自然：在家照顾两只幼虎 推理判断题3
C 记叙文 387 人与社会：世界最佳教师 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 440 人与自我：监测放牧牛健康的机器人 主旨大意题1
2020年 A 应用文 308 人与社会：四个不同类型的夏令营 细节理解题9
B 记叙文 438 人与社会：奶奶的盒子 推理判断题4
C 说明文 456 人与社会：《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 437 人与自然：热带雨林，世界最大的药房 主旨大意题1
新高考全国卷I 2023年 A 应用文 272 自行车租赁&游览项目介绍 细节理解题6
B 记叙文 448 一项具有环保价值的发明---生态设计 推理判断题7
C 说明文 405 如何建立数字极简生活方式 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 428 群体智慧效应 主旨大意题1
2022年 A 应用文 320 人与社会：文学概论课程评分办法 细节理解题6
B 说明文 477 人与自然：日常生活食物浪费现象 推理判断题7
C 说明文 429 人与社会：改善老年人健康状况的项目 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 494 人与自我：人类语音变化 主旨大意题1
2021年 A 应用文 373 人与社会：罗马的四个旅馆 细节理解题8
B 记叙文 429 人与社会：介绍钢琴翻页的职业 推理判断题5
C 说明文 423 人与自然：湿地破坏，保护环境 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 423 人与自我：情商是品质还是技能 主旨大意题1
2020年 A 应用文 285 人与社会：诗歌邀请赛 细节理解题8
B 记叙文 432 人与自我：努力自有回报 推理判断题4
C 说明文 383 人与社会：介绍一本有关乌兹别克斯坦游记的书 词义猜测题2
D 说明文 432 人与社会：就餐同伴对饮食习惯的影响 写作意图题1
全国甲卷 2023年 A 应用文 325 曼谷的四家美食餐厅 细节理解题10
B 说明文 410 DIY 推理判断题3
C 书评 424 《苏格拉底哲学特快车》书评 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 445 人类如何与灰熊和谐相处 主旨大意题1
2022年 A 应用文 287 介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所 细节理解题8
B 说明文 255 介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉 推理判断题3
C 说明文 305 介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界 词义猜测题1
D 记叙文 340 作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题 主旨大意题3
2021年 A 应用文 304 介绍摄影作品及拍摄背景 细节理解题5
B 说明文 380 介绍濒危动物黑犀的保护与繁育现状 推理判断题8
C 记叙文 447 玩滑板帮助我融入新环境 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 409 天才没有性别，种族和信仰之分 主旨大意题1
全国乙卷 2023年 A 说明文 232 介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹 细节理解题5
B 记叙文 245 讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。 推理判断题8
C 说明文 298 介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。 词义猜测题1
D 应用文 343 仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳 入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性 主旨大意题1
2022年 A 应用文 194 介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况 细节理解题10
B 说明文 319 介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价 推理判断题3
C 记叙文 314 应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 325 介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育 主旨大意题1
2021年 A 说明文 284 世界上最大的体育场馆 细节理解题6
推理判断题6
B 说明文 411 座机的保留 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 390 艺术家将塑料废品制作成引人深思的雕塑 段落大意题1
D 说明文 427 适度的背景噪音有助于创造性工作 标题归纳题1
卷I 2020年 A 应用文 219 火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息 细节理解题8
推理判断题4
B 说明文 298 重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 311 竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。 段落大意题1
D 议论文 332 绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。 标题归纳题1
2019年 A 应用文 256 省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。 细节理解题7
推理判断题5
B 记叙文 300 Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 243 新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。 段落大意题1
D 议论文 351 对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。 标题归纳题1
2018年 A 应用文 270 Washington, D.C.旅游的四种路线 细节理解题8
推理判断题2
词义猜测题1
B 说明文 270 绍了一档英国系列电视节目 观点态度题1
C 说明文 304 随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因 主旨大意题2
D 说明文 363 新旧电子设备的差别 写作意图题1
2017年 A 应用文 231 购物中心Pacific Science Center 细节理解题6
推理判断题 5
观点态度题 1
B 记叙文 296 救助一只小猫头鹰的故事 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 352 爵士乐问题 主旨大意题1
D 说明文 315 自制太阳能蒸馏器的方法 写作意图题1
2016年 A 记叙文 267 主要介绍几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。 细节理解题10
B 议论文 287 介绍社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。 推理判断题3
C 记叙文 262 作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历。 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 327 沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。 主旨大意题1
2015年 A 应用文 311 主要介绍伦敦博物馆。 细节理解题9
B 记叙文 463 享受佛罗里达的萨拉索塔的时光。 推理判断题5
C 记叙文 322 介绍萨尔瓦多·达利。 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 463 咖啡馆的冲突 主旨大意题0
2014年 A 记叙文 311 手提箱失而复得。 细节理解题9
B 记叙文 391 美国环境问题自地球日成立以来有了很大的改善。 推理判断题4
C 说明文 443 越来越多的美国人希望自己的孩子能学习汉语。 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 393 介绍地铁站的相关信息 主旨大意题1
E 说明文 428 介绍一部电影（少年特工科迪）
2013年 A 记叙文 433 作者的省钱经历。 细节理解题10
B 说明文 394 对刚出生的婴儿听觉视觉等进行试验。 推理判断题4
C 议论文 464 阐述喜欢撒谎读书的理由。 词义猜测题0
D 说明文 290 介绍英国国家美术馆的展品 主旨大意题1
卷II 2020年 A 应用文 278 是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。 细节理解题7
推理判断题4
B 说明文 246 是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。 词义猜测题2
C 说明文 330 美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。 标题归纳题1
D 夹叙夹议文 344 作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。 主旨大意题1
2019年 A 应用文 242 作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍 细节理解题8
推理判断题4
B 记叙文 312 作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 334 介绍了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间。 标题归纳题1
D 说明文 272 戈登和他的学生研究在国际空间站克服微生物的问题。 主旨大意题1
2018年 A 应用文 284 家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动 细节理解题6
推理判断题5
B 说明文 268 水果营养丰富且对人体有益 文章出处题1
C 说明文 300 青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣减少 词义猜测题1
D 议论文 330 减少手机使用、增加与人谈话 主旨大意题2
2017年 A 应用文 306 莎士比亚剧本翻译及上演 细节理解题5
推理判断题5
代词指代题1
B 记叙文 289 作者与Paul的友谊 写作意图题1
C 说明文 307 Terrafugia 公司研制出飞行汽车 主旨大意题2
D 说明文 293 植物在受到昆虫的攻击时自我保护 词义猜测题1
2016年 A 应用文 281 四则广告的具体内容及细节信息 细节理解题8
推理判断题4
B 记叙文 280 通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。 代词指代题1
C 说明文 249 所进行的分享图书活动的目的及具体过程 词义猜测题1
D 记叙文 278 Frank的图片记录了一次海难 主旨大意题1
2015年 A 记叙文 407 作者被愚弄以高价买了电视机 细节理解题10
B 说明文 425 房子对身材有影响。 推理判断题4
C 说明文 400 大学的学费高使得很多大学生在上大学学前就要先去挣钱然后再上大学学习 词义猜测题0
D 应用文 366 介绍四个旅游目的地 主旨大意题1
2014年 A 应用文 288 第六届剑桥科技节的通知 细节理解题8
B 说明文 444 介绍美国的旅鸽 推理判断题6
C 说明文 464 介绍驯兽师 词义猜测题1
D 记叙文 429 学者们记录濒临消失的语言和文化 主旨大意题0
2013年 A 记叙文 452 通过当飞行员的经历，学到了CRM 细节理解题12
B 说明文 373 介绍艺术家的发展史 推理判断题0
C 议论文 354 巧克力能够调节人们的情绪 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 331 母亲节的礼物 主旨大意题2
卷III 2020年 A 应用文 238 介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。 细节理解题7
B 新闻报道 247 报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。 推理判断题4
C 说明文 320 在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。 词义猜测题4
D 说明文 305 最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。 主旨大意题2
2019年 A 应用文 191 一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映 细节理解题10
B 说明文 286 中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。 推理判断题3
C 说明文 292 19世纪报纸的改革发展之路。 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 319 研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。 标题归纳题2
2018年 A 应用文 197 去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息 细节理解题10
B 说明文 316 Dawson城市的发展原因、过程与现状 推理判断题2
C 新闻报道 372 中国建筑设计师王澍获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖 词义猜测题1
D 说明文 307 引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法 主旨大意题2
2017年 A 应用文 252 美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线 细节理解题5
推理判断题7
B 记叙文 282 一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 295 美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的故事 主旨大意题2
D 说明文 334 科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康的生活方式
2016年 A 应用文 195 介绍五个与音乐有关的活动 细节理解题7
推理判断题4
写作意图题1
B 记叙文 325 一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。 词义猜测题1
C 说明文 278 介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。 代词指代题1
D 说明文 346 好消息比坏消息传得更快、更远，越积极乐观的消息越容易被大众分享。 主旨大意题1
近十年高考全国卷阅读选材地道，贴近学生实际，体裁多样。强调关键能力考查，引导教学聚焦语用能力，回归语言本质，充分发挥高考育人功能。试卷结构和试题难度稳定，命题质量有提升。在选材上保持了知识性、趣味性强，信息量不是很大，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛的特点，彰显文化特色，考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。4篇文章按难度渐进排列，阅读总量1100-1200词（不含选项）之间，细节题多于推断题试题数量。
一、阅读理解之细节理解题
应试技巧
规律方法1： 如何解决事实细节题？
事实细节题，关键词定位式最基本也是最常见的方法。一般根据题干中的关键词，如时间，地点和人物等，在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词when / where / what / who / why / how (many)….来提问，或是判断正误。
规律方法2：如何解决细节转换题
细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。
1. 语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异，可理解为同义改写，如原文出现30minutes，选项出现half an hour; 原文出现underground，选项则出现beneath the ground等。解答这类题目时可根据题干，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析，对比答案，一般正确答案是原文的同义改写，找出答案。
2. 图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用＂文字锁定法＂，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。
规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？
先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
1. 仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。
2. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。
3. 运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。
规律方法4：如何解决细节排序题？
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
真题回顾
【2023 年新高考全国II卷】
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from
the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy
your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon
(峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire
new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。
【1 题详解】
细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄石
体验野生动物（5 月 26 日至 9 月 2 日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6 月 5 日至 8 月 21 日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to
September 2) (在 Artist Point 的峡谷会谈（6 月 9 日至 9 月 2 日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19& July 10) (摄影研讨会（6 月 19 日和 7 月 10 日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选 D。
【2 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在 Artist Point 的峡谷会谈（6
月 9 日至 9 月 2 日）)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在 Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选 D。
【3 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6 月 19 日和 7 月 10
日）)”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.(7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的 Washburn Trailhead 举行)”可知，7 月 10 日的摄影研讨会将在 Washburn Trailhead 举行。故选 B。
【2023 年全国乙卷】
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine.
2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education.
3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. (Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. (Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
【2023 年全国甲卷】
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai
restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the word’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who
received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the
Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The
menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai
dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist.
This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those
extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of
the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai
home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels.
22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A. Gaggan. B. Bo.lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
23. What is special about Gaggan
A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
【1 题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题 Nahm 下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. (主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于 2010 年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题 Issays Stamese Club 下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally know Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club 是国际知名的泰国厨师 lan Kittichai 的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm 和 Issaya Siamese Club 的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选 C 项。
【2 题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题 Bo. tan 下的段落中“For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. tan 提供大型套餐。故选 B 项。
【3 题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题 Gaggan 下的段落中“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到 Gaggan 厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan 的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选 D 项。
典例一 (2022 全国甲卷，A)
Theatres and Entertainment
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF 10 1 AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF 10 5 BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF 24 4 YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF 10 3 LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
1. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted
A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.
C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall.
2. What can people do at the Glee Club
A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies.
C. See family shows. D. Do creative things.
3. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre
A. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B. www.shermancymru.co.uk
C. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D. www.stdavidshalleardiff.co.uk
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“St David’s Hall”部分中的“St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff (St David’s Hall是Cardiff一年一度的Welsh Proms的举办地)”可知，Cardiff的Welsh Proms活动在St David’s Hall举办。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“The Glee Club”部分中的“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here (如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始)”可知，人们可以在The Glee Club享受喜剧。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“New Theatre”部分中的“The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicians, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years (100多年来，New Theatre一直是优质戏剧、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地)”以及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk网站找到Cardiff存在最久的剧院。故选A。
典例二 (2022 新高考全国II卷，B)
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
5. Why did the kid poke the storybook
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
6. What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
7. What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. ”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. (事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. (然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
典例三 (2021 全国乙卷，A)
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best-known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities（容量） slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U. S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A. 104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium. C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
23. What do the listed stadiums have in common
A. They host big games. B. They have become tourist attractions.
C. They were built by Americans. D. They are favored by architects.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上著名的大型竞技场的基本情况。目前这些竞技场仍在运行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.” (然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大巫。)可知，Circus Maximus的可以容纳250,000人。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后部分中的“Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened October 7, 1922.” (美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,944人。1922年10月7日开业。)及其他四个著名竞技场的开放时间介绍可知，Ohio Stadium开放时间最早在1922年，属于年代最久远的。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.” (所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。)可知，这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事。故选A项。
典例四 (2021·全国甲卷，A)
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd(2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
Timothy Smith(2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England I was back in my hometown of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A. Writers. B. Photographers. C. Painters. D. Tourists.
2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow—covered forests.
3. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Take a view, the Landscape(风景）Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.”（ Take a view，年度风景摄影师奖是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mike Shepherd部分“It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air.”（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和Timothy Smith部分“I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.”（我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片）可知Shepherd 和 Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C。
二、阅读理解篇之推理判断题
应试技巧
推理判断题的设题形式有很多，不同的题型对应不同的技巧。如下表所示：
推断内容 考查点 解题方法
推断隐含含义 考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力 1. 跳读，找到相关信息点(推理的依据)；2. 细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；3. 结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，理解作者的言外之意。
推断写作意图 考查考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的的能力 根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的：1.记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章——娱乐读者；2. 夹叙夹议文——让读者得到某种启示或教育；3. 广告和议论文——说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；4. 科普说明文或新闻报道——告知读者某些信息。
推断下段内容、文章出处 考查考生通过阅读材料，预测内容及推断材料的来源的能力 1. 根据文章的内容或结构来推断；2. 根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处：如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用、操作方式等。
推断目标读者 考查考生根据短文内容推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的能力 根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和语气来判断。
真题回顾
【2023 年全国乙卷】
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately
twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their
things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the
Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the
objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳
入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
【12 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege
one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts,
while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until
fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如
果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世
界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就
之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，
第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选 A。
【13 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选 D。
【14 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin
and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully
through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联
系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only
one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出
现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的
历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一
手 资 料 都 必 然 是 扭 曲 的 ， 只 有 对 话 的 一 半 。 )” 结 合 划 线 句 “If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以 conversation 指的是“历史”。故选 B。
【15 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege
one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物
品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100 件物品中的世界史》。故选 C。
典例一 (2022·新高考全国卷I,B)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly"（but quite eatable）vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat," Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin's company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【答案与解析】
24【答案】B
推理判断题。根据题干关键词“the arugula story”可定位到原文的第一段。由“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”以及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。选项中的“waste food unintentionally”和原文中的“unthinkingly bought way too much”是同义转换。故选B。
25【答案】B
细节理解题。根据题干关键词“food waste”可定位到原文第三段。第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境有危害。选项中的“Environmental harm”和原文“makes food waste an environmental problem”是同义转换。故选B。
26【答案】D
细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Curtin’s company”可定位到原文倒数第二段。根据“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。至于草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，DC Central Kitchen是回收食物并将其转化为健康的膳食的一家公司。选项中的“makes meals out of unwanted food”是原文中的“recovers food and turns it into healthy meals”的同义转换。故选D。
27【答案】A
细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Curtin”可定位到原文最后一段Curtin说的话。根据““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。选项中的“Buy only what is needed”是原文中的“not purchasing more food than necessary”同义转换。故选A。
典例二 (2020·全国甲卷,B)
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
4. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
5. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
6. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
典例三 (2020·全国卷I,B)
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor. C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
典例四 (2020·全国卷II，C)
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装）enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have（showcased）nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B
本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
三、阅读理解篇之词义猜测题
应试技巧
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。我们要学会＂顺藤摸瓜＂，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1. 定义法。
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即＂退火＂。
It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是＂脆＂的意思。
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为＂牧人＂。
2. 同位法。
They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.
同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即＂城堡＂。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是＂夜班＂的意思。
3. 对比法。
She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是＂她今天第一节上了一半才来＂，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向＂准时＂的结论。
4. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。
Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred
possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是＂可能性＂。
5. 因果法。
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果＂永远不能再运动＂中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为＂永远的，永久＂。
真题回顾
【2023 年新高考全国I卷】
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on.