专题03 完形填空-2024年高考英语满分冲刺攻略（命题分析+应试技巧+真题回顾（2013-2023））（学生版+教师版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题03 完形填空
命题分析
高考完形填空在全国卷中一直都是经典题型，但是在新高考卷中，分值降低，难度也降低，所以未来完形题型总体来说会降低关注度，但即使如此，学生也应该要好好复习，把握高考规律，掌握阶梯技巧。这类题型主要是考查学生的词汇、固定搭配、语法等语言知识的综合能力，它既反映出学生阅读理解能力，又体现了学生在语境中的逻辑判断能力。
2013-2023年高考英语完形填空试题分析：
年份 试卷类型 体裁 词数 话题 考点分布
2023年 全国甲卷 记叙文 251 仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的 动词10
名词3
形容词3
副词1
短语3
全国乙卷 记叙文 251 美国体操运动员 Gabby Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。 动词8
名词4
形容词6
短语2
2022 年 全国甲卷 记叙文 285 从一个男人对待小狗都方式了解对方很多 动词7
名词8
形容词2
副词2
介词短语1
全国乙卷 记叙文 262 儿童玩捉迷藏游戏 动词9
动词短语1
名词4
形容词4
副词1
介词短语1
新高考全国I卷 记叙文 240 作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险 动词4
动词短语1
名词5
形容词3
副词1
介词短语1
新高考全国II卷 记叙文 209 Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情 动词5
名词6
形容词3
副词1
浙江卷1月 记叙文 218 一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助 动词9
动词短语1
名词4
形容词4
副词1
介词短语1
2021年 全国甲卷 记叙文 260 Burchill住酒店因海鸥导致进入酒店黑名单的故事 动词9
动词短语1
名词4
形容词4
副词1
介词短语1
全国乙卷 记叙文 245 作者做护士期间做了自己分内的事 动词11
动词短语1
名词4
形容词2
副词2
新高考全国I卷 记叙文 206 春假打工挣钱的经历 动词8
动词短语1
名词4
形容词3
浙江卷6月 记叙文 283 作者年迈的母亲在超市购物时，得到陌生人帮助的故事 动词5
动词短语3
名词9
形容词2
介词短语1
浙江卷1月 记叙文 278 作者做志愿者的一次经历 动词9
名词3
形容词7
介词短语1
2020年 新课标卷I 夹叙夹议文 260 作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。 动词4
动词短语2
名词7
形容词3
副词2
介词短语1
新课标卷II 记叙文 281 文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。 动词11名词4
形容词3 副词2
新课标卷III 记叙文 270 作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。 动词8动词短语1
名词4形容词3
副词2 介词短语2
2019年 新课标卷I 夹叙夹议文 258 乞力马扎罗山因登山者活动而造成的环境污染及努力治理之后环境的改观。 动词6 动词短语2
名词7形容词4
副词1
新课标卷II 记叙文 271 Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人 动词9 动词短语1
名词5
形容词3 副词2
新课标卷III 记叙文 247 北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。 动词8 名词5
形容词5 副词2
2018年 新课标卷I 夹叙夹议文 271 讲述了我在大二学的免费课程下棋及对我生活的指导意义 动词9 名词7
形容词3 副词1
新课标卷II 记叙文 277 讲述了作者13年后和儿子见面的情景 动词9 名词3
形容词5 副词2
介词1
新课标卷III 记叙文 271 Dennis Williams认真对待陌生人的信息，使陌生人倍受感动的故事 动词10 名词6
形容词4
2017年 新课标卷I 记叙文 251 学习美式手语的经历和感受 名词5 动词10
形容词4副词1
新课标卷II 记叙文 266 作者自己的学生Feddy的性格特征及多年后的生活、工作状况 名词8 动词9
形容词3
新课标卷III 记叙文 271 一个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后，希望免费赠送自己为女朋友购买的环球航空旅行机票的故事，体现了年轻人无私的精神 名词：7个
动词：9个
形容词：4个
2016年 新课标卷I 记叙文 253 讲述了司机Larry在路上遇到着火的汽车，积极救人的故事。 动词7 名词 4
形容词3 副词1
连词2 介词短语2
代词1
新课标卷II 夹叙夹议文 262 作者通过自身的经历总结出，电话中的感受有时与现实生活中的感受不一致，因为像微笑这样无声的信号无法通过电话传播。 动词6 名词 4
形容词5 副词3
介词短语2
新课标卷III 记叙文 276 作者通过刻苦训练，最终实现了成为足球队明星球员的目标。 动词8 名词4
形容词5 副词 1
连词1 代词1
2015年 全国卷I 记叙文 262 超市帮助贫困老人 动词6 名词7
形容词3 副词 2
连词2
全国卷II 记叙文 242 陪女儿看一场足球锦标赛 动词5 名词5
形容词2 副词 2连词1
2014年 全国卷I 议论文 251 室友的活动如果常规去做都变得无聊 动词3 名词7
形容词3 副词 2
全国卷II 记叙文 263 英国登山家Joe Simpson和同伴Simon Yates登山的遭遇和经历 动词11 名词2
形容词1 副词 5介词1
2013年 全国卷I 记叙文 262 一次小活动了解残疾人的经历 动词7 名词7
形容词4 副词 1连词1
全国卷II 记叙文 236 带着手套的格林伯格 动词11 名词5
形容词4
题型解读
一、完形填空之记叙文
完形填空考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。要求考生通读全文，掌握文章大意，运用词汇、语法等知识，选择最佳答案，使文章意思通顺，结构完整。记叙型完形填空是高考和备考的重点。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：
a. 首句完整，线索清楚。
一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。
b. 叙述灵活，侧重语境。
文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。
c. 实词为主，虚词为辅。
高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200～260个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。
应对策略
a. 重视首句，开篇明义。
从历年的试题可以看出，完形填空首句一般不设题。这为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息。所以应充分重视首句的指示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此拓展思维，争取开局胜利。
b. 利用语境，揣摩心态。
高考完形填空题逐渐摒弃语法分析，朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘，因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文语境启示或限定，揣摩作者的心情，以及他对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，除了对关联用语的把握外，还要把握语气、动作等的描写。
c. 理清线索，把握方向。
记叙文一般按事件发展顺序叙述，有时用倒叙。答题时，通过理清人物间的关系，把握人物各自所做的事情，从而把握细节，找准作者的记叙方向，正确理解文章。
真题回顾
【2023 年全国乙卷】
To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she ____21____ best. She had to ___22___ her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say ____23____to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ____24____ waves on her board. But it was____25____ to take the leap (飞跃), however ____26____ it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she____27____about 1,200 miles away from home, to ____28____ with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never ____29____ and everything was new to her.
As it turned out Douglas did ____30____ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she
____31____two Russians. The Chinese coach ____32____ Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the ____33____, helping her skyrocket from an ____34____ member of the national team to the top of the sport. By ____35____ the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She ____36____ the
competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt ____37____ all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karoly the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it ____38____ to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought ____39____ that she could make the London Games-and win.
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to ____40____.” And shine she did.
21. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew
22. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up
23. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no
24. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike
25. A. common B. time C. fun D. tough
26. A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C. eye-catching D. head-spinning
27. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off
28. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train
29. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed
30. A. approximately B. gradually C. exactly D. possibly
31. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted
32. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put
33. A. world B. city C. team D. state
34. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic
35. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding
36. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led
37. A. confident B. nervous C. excited D. uneasy
38. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
39. A. now and then B. more and more C. far and wide D. on and on
40. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
【2023 年全国甲卷】
Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.The first time we ___21___ there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike ___22___ its way down the hill toward us. It was ___23___ called Mario, coming to ___24___ us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice ___25___ for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were ___26___ because
they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, ___27___ things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any ___28___, we thought. But we were ___29___ his kindness, so we ___30___ them.
What we discovered is that it’s ___31___ to judge what you eat only by its ___32___. Those tomatoes had
___33___ that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ___34___ perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a ___35___ memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can ___36___ them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was ___37___.
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re ___38___, and as close as possible to where they were___39___. What Mario had ___40___ us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
21. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed
22. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
23. A. customer B. neighbor C. relative D. passenger
24. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show
25. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture
26. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
27. A. simple B. real C. shiny D. fun
28. A. more B. good C. new D. easy
29. A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in
30. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
31. A. unnecessary B. uncertain C. unwise D. unusual
32. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price
33. A. size B. shape C. color D. taste
34. A. smell B. look C. become D. work
35 A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague
36. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack
37. A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar
38. A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need
39. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown
40. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told
典例一 (2022 全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___21___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___22___ . When I first dated Steve, I ___23___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___24___ that he was an animal lover, I ___25___ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___26___ , the cat.
The next week we ___27___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___28___ , Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so ___29___ He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. _____30_____ , I began to fall for him.
We _____31_____ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her _____32_____ . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly _____33_____ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve _____34_____ his house. All worked _____35_____ . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, _____36_____ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team _____37_____ for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my _____38_____ , this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I _____39_____ him to. That’s only for giving _____40_____ to the dogs that brought us together.
21. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
22. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
23. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
24. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
25. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
26. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
27. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed
28. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination
29. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real
30. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment
31. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended
32. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
33. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly
34. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched
35. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free
36. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered
37. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling
38. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage
39. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid
40. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
典例二 (2022 浙江卷1月)
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her ___16___ , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply ___17___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my ___18___ was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___19___ problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in ___20___. " Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___21___ she said. " But more and more are suffering and lives are being ___22___.
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___23___ at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___24___ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done_____25_____ work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising _____26_____ for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. _____27_____ she has raised $ 110, 000 with another $40, 000 _____28_____ .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to _____29_____ that there are solutions（解决办法）said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after _____30_____ . "I say there is no old _____31_____ , there's only neglect （忽视）. Don't stand _____32_____ , do something about it. "
Ms. Burdeyney _____33_____ that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring _____34_____ into people eyes and this is just the _____35_____. There is still a long way to go"
16. A. throat B. skin C. lungs D. eyes
17. A. getting over B. going through C. holding on D. passing down
18. A. story B. treatment C. life D. relationship
19. A. similar B. various C. personal D. special
20. A. turn B. peace C. vain D. silence
21. A. unbearable B. abnormal C. insignificant D. disturbing
22. A. compromised B. forgotten C. substituted D. separated
23. A. course B. program C. paper D. conference
24. A. informed B. doubted C. included D. dismissed
25. A. part-time B. controversial C. voluntary D. ground-breaking
26. A. money B. standards C. awareness D. questions
27. A. As ever B. So far C. In return D. Once again
28. A. wasted B. donated C. expected D. earned
29. A. imagine B. confirm C. remember D. understand
30. A. retirement B. childbirth C. graduation D. marriage
31. A. time B. rule C. age D. tale
32. A. straight B. still C. firm D. alone
33. A. commented B. learned C. reminded D. added
34. A. light B. joy C. color D. beauty
35. A. future B. beginning C. truth D. meaning
典例三 (2021 全国甲卷)
It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was ___21___ at the hotel on business and planning to ___22___ some friends in the area. They had asked him to ___23___ some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he ___24___ a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was ___25___ that it would be too warm, he ___26___ it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was ___27___ and well chilled (冷却) and he ___28___ .
That's when things went ____29____ “I remember walking down the long _____30_____ and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of _____31_____ to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went _____32_____ . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to _____33_____ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real _____34_____ .
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have _____35_____ and I admit responsibility of my _____36_____,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, _____37_____ , to apologize for the-damage I had _____38_____ caused and to ask you to _____39_____ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
His letter _____40_____ . Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
21 A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing
22. A. visit B. help C. follow D. make
23. A. sell B. have C. bring D. taste
24. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost
25. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried
26. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid
27. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready
28. A. left B. nodded C. waited D. regretted
29. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind
30. A. beach B. driveway C. hall D. table
31. A. application B. apology C. request D. invitation
32. A. hungry B. dead C. missing D. wild
33. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in
34. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge
35. A. recovered B. retired C. escaped D. matured
36. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions
37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground
38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly
39. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew
40. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared
典例四 (2020 浙江卷7月)
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.
One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat.
Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the 42 move.
My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 . I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Don’ s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously（奇迹般地）crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me.
The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn’t quite believe my 53 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 . Don was given a special 55 that night — I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.
36. A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned
37. A. kids B. friends C. owner D. mother
38. A. ask about B. play with C. tend to D. run into
39. A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined
40. A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult
41. A. Fortunately B. Generally C. Immediately D. Obviously
42. A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence
43. A. saw B. stopped C. remembered D. drove
44. A. crowd B. motorway C. field D. hill
45. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out
46. A. real B. best C. basic D. last
47. A. fixed B. noticed C. reached D. closed
48. A. resting B. running C. parking D. turning
49. A. steep B. long C. rough D. busy
50. A. abandoned B. approached C. recognized D. repaired
51. A. unclean B. uncertain C. unhurt D. unhappy
52. A. arrived B. replied C. survived D. waited
53. A. ability B. dream C. luck D. idea
54. A. common B. confusing C. desirable D. awful
55. A. meal B. test C. job D. lesson
典例五 (2019 新课标全国卷II)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had ___43___ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.
Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who ___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ___58___.
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as ___59___ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping
43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued
46. A. home B. past C. back D. on
47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search
48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily
49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety
50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded
51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car
52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered
53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured
54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked
55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns
57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme
58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team
59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close
60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling
应试技巧
技巧1 根据上下文语境确定答案
近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。
这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。
例如：
It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch __36__ a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be __37__ if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. __38__ , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.
36. A. examined B. warned C. interviewed D. cured
37. A. harmless B. helpless C. fearless D. careless
38. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
技巧2 根据常识及文化逻辑推理
完形填空往往以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。
解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。
例如：
How could the medicine get to Nome The town’s __39__ was already full of ice, so it couldn’t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the snowy roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet.
39. A. airport B. station C. harbor D. border
技巧3 根据词语惯用法和固定搭配作答
词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的，多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。
解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学词语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。
例如：
41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were __42__.
41. A. From B. On C. By D. After
技巧4 根据词汇意义及用法辨析词义确定答案
要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇的意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。
由于许多词汇在上下文中以不同形式反复出现，请注意以下几点：
a. 同一词上下文复现：很多正确选项常是上文或下文中出现的词。
b. 同义词复现：and连接两同义的词或句子。happy and gay； unhappy and disappointed.
c. 反义词复现：but 连接两个含义相对的词：small but neat； expensive but tasty； gave them reason to reflect on their past and plan for their future.
d. 词汇链即不同词类的联想： 如：believe和belief；think和thought；repairman 和fix one's car；continue和go on。
e. 词义深层内涵的区别： 如：“普通的”，在英语中有多词可用，但含义不同。common： 强调事情发生的频率，非罕见的，如common sense； ordinary： 强调事物的等级、一般和日常、平凡之含义，如：ordinary people ；usual：强调习惯；general：强调大多数，较少例外；normal：含义为标准的，常态的。
例如：
41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were __ 42__. Nome’s town officials came up with a(n) __43__. They would have the medicine sent by __44__ from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇) drivers—known as “mushers”—would __45__ it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. __46__ he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon’s face was black from the extreme cold.
42. A. tired B. upset C. pale D. sick
43. A. plan B. excuse C. message D. topic
44. A. air B. rail C. sea D. road
45. A. carry B. return C. mail D. give
技巧5 利用语法分析解题
完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目。对于他们，考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点，对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成分，哪类词合适，应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。
比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、谓语形式、非谓语形式、及物、不及物、持续性质、非持续性质、主谓搭配以及其如何与其它词类配合使用等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其进行分析解答完形填空题是一种非常有效的解题方法。
例如：
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. __46__ he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon’s face was black from the extreme cold.
46. A. Though B. Since C. When D. If
技巧6 利用语篇标志解题
语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位，如句群，段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语可称为语篇标志。
如：表示结构层次的语篇标志的词有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等。表示逻辑关系的有：thus， therefore，so等；表示改变话题的有：by the way等 ；表示递进关系的有besides, what is more, further等; 表示时间关系的有 before, so far, yet, meantime, meanwhile, now, later等等。在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文关系。
例如：
Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his __42__ . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. __43__ he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road.
43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If
技巧7 利用排除法解题
有时我们会遇上这样的情况：对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明了、但发现其它选项却有显而易见的谬误，这时候我们可以试试排除法：将干扰项逐项检查验证，凡发现有错误的选项，立即剔除出选择范围。随着选择范围的缩小，选项的准确率就会不断提高。
经过这样分析推敲弃误留正，便会水落石出，找出正确答案。排除法如果运用得好，可以收到事半功倍的效果。
技巧8 摆脱定势逆向思维
考生如果学习方法不当，对某些知识点进行了过度强调，就会产生思维定势。例如过度强调make sb. do sth.这一结构， 当看到 make sb.时就会不假思索地用不带to的不定式do sth.作宾语补足语。其实make sb. 后面也有可能接不定式短语的。如：The father made a paper tiger to please his son. 不过to please his son不是宾语补足语，而是目的状语。
思维定势使一些考生形成猜题的心理。完形填空题中常利用反猜手段设计一些似是而非的题目，利用学生的思维定势，诱导学生“误入歧途”。
例如：
41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were ____.
41. A. From B. On C. By D. After
总之，完形填空解题时要注意运用适当的技巧，克服急躁心理，试着从上下文角度、文化背景角度、生活常识角度、惯用法和固定搭配及语法和词义角度等多角度来进行分析，也就是把多种方法结合起来。
二、完形填空之夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。
【命题规律】
一、先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的
真理。
二、作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个
事例从不同的侧面来说明。
三、提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。
此类完形填空三种结构特点如下表：
1 事例—观点 先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。
2 观点—事例 先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3 观点—事例—观点 提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
真题回顾
典例一 (2021 全国乙卷)
Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude(感谢).
My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___45___ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks.
She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her _____50_____ at her recovery. As she was _____51_____ she was eager to say _____52_____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she _____53_____ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague _____54_____ to accept it, saying that we were all just _____55_____ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then _____56_____:“Oh this isn't for the_____57_____ I had. I take that as a _____58_____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people,_____59_____lives is part of the job but styling hair is an _____60_____ and should be rewarded.
41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
55. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building
60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra
典例二 (2020 新课标全国卷I)
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door ＂ That is, ＂What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity ＂
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through.
41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case
42. A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize
43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually
44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth
45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly
46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting
47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out
48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact
49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers
50. A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences
51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt
52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
53. A. traditional B. important C. double D. original
54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history
55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of
56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of
57. A. real B. typical C. similar D. limited
58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret
59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept
60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend
典例三 (2020 新课标全国卷Ⅲ)
As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe(混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think "Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego(自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying
43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear
44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume
45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural
47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely
54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade
55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel
56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually
57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well
58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame
60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves
应试技巧
一、关注首句，领会大意
通过首句可以明确文章话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔，通过尾句一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。
例：
From my second grade on，there was one event I feared every year：the piano recital(独奏会)和尾句的With his first recital，my father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30 plus years ago.表明了文章的主旨：作者本来很反感弹钢琴，但是父亲的行为感动了自己。作者认为他的实际行动比30多年以前说的话更有感染力。
二、注重语境，理清行文逻辑
夹叙夹议文以叙述为主，绝大部分篇幅是在描述事件，而作者的观点及态度往往隐含在叙述中，这就要求考生增强语篇意识，抓住文章的叙事线索，弄清文章的内在逻辑关系，根据上下文内容做出选择，并适当进行逻辑推理是解题的关键。
三、找准标志词，弄清故事发展模式
夹叙夹议文通常使用对比、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。考生应注意观察文章的结构特点，根据表达这些手段的衔接词来正确理解故事情节。
常见标志词有：(1)并列关系：and，not only...but also，that is to say等；(2)因果关系：because，for，so that，in order that，due to，thanks to，thus，therefore，so等；(3)对比关系：while，whereas，as，rather than，instead of等；(4)转折关系：although，though，even if，nevertheless，despite，but，yet，however，on the contrary等；(5)递进关系：also，then，besides，in addition，furthermore，what’s more等；(6)顺序关系：first，then，on the one hand等；(7)转变话题：by the way，what I really mean...等。
三、完形填空之说明文
【命题特点】
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：
1. 开头点题
在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2.结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3.难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4.遣词用字简练
说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.条理清晰
说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
【应试策略】
1. 快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
（2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
真题回顾
典例一 (2021 全国乙卷)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology ___26___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ___31___ children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.
A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their ___36___ to the questions reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___40___ when others use it.
21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
33. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
34. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
39. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
40. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
典例二 (2019 新课标全国卷I)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___ with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the ___43___ of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m ___44___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among tons of rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___48___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___49___.
The best of a Kilimanjaro ___50___, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ___51___ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ___52___ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ___53___ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ___54___ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ___55___ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ___56___ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ___57___: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ___58___ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ___59___ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro ___60___ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
典例三 (2014 新课标全国卷I)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year.
Of course, we ___42___ it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___43___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___44___ day.”
But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan ___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___49___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ___52___, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all ___56___ the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents.
"It's not very ___59___,” she says, "but it is enough when we are ___60___.”
41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
50. A. day B. night C. month D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
四、完形填空之议论文
【命题规律】
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文，它涉及的范围要小得多。有人把英语中的议论文旧理解为论证文、推理文或辩论文，还有人直接将议论文归入到了说明文当中。但笔者认为就写作目的与写作手法而言，英语议论文与英语说明文还是有一定的区别的。首先，英语说明文主要是对提出的主题进行“说明”和“阐述”，并不进行正反评判和推理，也不强迫读者接受作者的观点；而英语议论文主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点，但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。
不管是在汉语中，还是在英语中，议论文都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法），这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此，典型的议论文一般就由序论（提出问题，即what）、本论（分析问题，即why）和结论（解决问题，即how）三个部分构成，其具体的结构模式又有以下三种：
模式一：引言段（提出观点）——正方论点心（支持作者的观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者的观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） 在这种模式中，文章主体段（中间部分）的每一个部分论述一个论点，这些论点以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的论点在最后面，以示强调。
模式二：引言段（提出观点）——反面意见（反方观点+作者的反驳）、正方论点1（支持作者观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）
在这种模式中，文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳，以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。
模式三：引言段（提出观点）——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）
在这种模式中，作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点，然后再进行反驳。
议论文有自己的语言个性，它不同于记叙文的生动形象，也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述，因此，它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时，它的语言也很准确，合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用，诸如since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），so（所以），It follows that…（因而…），If…，we may conclude that …（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……），Should it be the case （如果是这样的话……），Idon’t want to…,but…（我并不想……），It is true that…,but…（诚然……但是……）,Even if …（即使……）等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构，以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外，作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。
【应试策略】
1. 通览
把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。
把握文章的开头，总结文章的结尾。议论文的篇首或结尾出现话题中心，通过首段或末段把握文章的主题。
2. 试填
注意段与段之间的逻辑。议论文往往围绕某一个论点用不同的论据加以佐证，往往每一段就是一个论据，而论据和论据之间又相互联系、互为补充，每一段往往就是其中一个角度或侧面。
3. 复核
通读全文，检验每条论据是否都合情合理，都能强而有力地支撑论点。
真题回顾
典例一 (2015 福建卷)
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 1　 when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 　2　 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 　3　 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 　4　 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 　5　 person.
Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 　6　. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 　7　 to deal with was that the day before the 　8　, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 　9　 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 　10　. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 　11　 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 　12　 everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 　13　 as well.
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 　14　 when we’re honest, we can be sharply 　15　 of the world. I’m not suggesting you 　16　 problems, or that you pretend things are 　17　 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — 　18　 most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big 　19　.
Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little 　20　, you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy
2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising
6. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure
9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice
10. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit
11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle
13. A. family B. life C. career D. education
14. A. so B. or C. but D. for
15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical
16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore
17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse
18. A. at least B. at last C. by far D. so far
19. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty
20. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity
完形填空备考建议
完形填空蕴含对阅读理解能力的考查，养成精细阅读和分析文本的阅读习惯至关重要。
粗读大意一细读情节一研读逻辑
阅读一品读一赏读一精细阅读
1.结合主旨：首段、首句、尾段、立意
2.分析语境：全篇、跨段、跨句
3.寻找线索：故事发展线、人物情感线
4.明确上下文逻辑关系、前后指代关系
5.进行合理推理和判断、避免主观臆断
6.区分主旨概括与细节、观点与事实
7.积累熟词生义、常用动词和介词搭配
英语高手眼中的完形填空
1.夹叙夹议，但不排除说明文或议论文（更关注语篇结构、段落间逻辑）
2.青少年个人成长经历、感悟（奋斗、成功、毅力、自信、信任、热情、诚信、亲情、友情等）
3.另外一个人（长辈：老师、家长；同辈：兄弟姐妹、朋友、同学）对作者的影响
4.自我教育
考查对文章的整体理解、上下文逻辑（背景、矛盾出现、心情、间题解决、作者感悟、升华）
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题03 完形填空
命题分析
高考完形填空在全国卷中一直都是经典题型，但是在新高考卷中，分值降低，难度也降低，所以未来完形题型总体来说会降低关注度，但即使如此，学生也应该要好好复习，把握高考规律，掌握阶梯技巧。这类题型主要是考查学生的词汇、固定搭配、语法等语言知识的综合能力，它既反映出学生阅读理解能力，又体现了学生在语境中的逻辑判断能力。
2013-2023年高考英语完形填空试题分析：
年份 试卷类型 体裁 词数 话题 考点分布
2023年 全国甲卷 记叙文 251 仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的 动词10
名词3
形容词3
副词1
短语3
全国乙卷 记叙文 251 美国体操运动员 Gabby Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。 动词8
名词4
形容词6
短语2
2022 年 全国甲卷 记叙文 285 从一个男人对待小狗都方式了解对方很多 动词7
名词8
形容词2
副词2
介词短语1
全国乙卷 记叙文 262 儿童玩捉迷藏游戏 动词9
动词短语1
名词4
形容词4
副词1
介词短语1
新高考全国I卷 记叙文 240 作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险 动词4
动词短语1
名词5
形容词3
副词1
介词短语1
新高考全国II卷 记叙文 209 Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情 动词5
名词6
形容词3
副词1
浙江卷1月 记叙文 218 一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助 动词9
动词短语1
名词4
形容词4
副词1
介词短语1
2021年 全国甲卷 记叙文 260 Burchill住酒店因海鸥导致进入酒店黑名单的故事 动词9
动词短语1
名词4
形容词4
副词1
介词短语1
全国乙卷 记叙文 245 作者做护士期间做了自己分内的事 动词11
动词短语1
名词4
形容词2
副词2
新高考全国I卷 记叙文 206 春假打工挣钱的经历 动词8
动词短语1
名词4
形容词3
浙江卷6月 记叙文 283 作者年迈的母亲在超市购物时，得到陌生人帮助的故事 动词5
动词短语3
名词9
形容词2
介词短语1
浙江卷1月 记叙文 278 作者做志愿者的一次经历 动词9
名词3
形容词7
介词短语1
2020年 新课标卷I 夹叙夹议文 260 作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。 动词4
动词短语2
名词7
形容词3
副词2
介词短语1
新课标卷II 记叙文 281 文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。 动词11名词4
形容词3 副词2
新课标卷III 记叙文 270 作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。 动词8动词短语1
名词4形容词3
副词2 介词短语2
2019年 新课标卷I 夹叙夹议文 258 乞力马扎罗山因登山者活动而造成的环境污染及努力治理之后环境的改观。 动词6 动词短语2
名词7形容词4
副词1
新课标卷II 记叙文 271 Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人 动词9 动词短语1
名词5
形容词3 副词2
新课标卷III 记叙文 247 北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。 动词8 名词5
形容词5 副词2
2018年 新课标卷I 夹叙夹议文 271 讲述了我在大二学的免费课程下棋及对我生活的指导意义 动词9 名词7
形容词3 副词1
新课标卷II 记叙文 277 讲述了作者13年后和儿子见面的情景 动词9 名词3
形容词5 副词2
介词1
新课标卷III 记叙文 271 Dennis Williams认真对待陌生人的信息，使陌生人倍受感动的故事 动词10 名词6
形容词4
2017年 新课标卷I 记叙文 251 学习美式手语的经历和感受 名词5 动词10
形容词4副词1
新课标卷II 记叙文 266 作者自己的学生Feddy的性格特征及多年后的生活、工作状况 名词8 动词9
形容词3
新课标卷III 记叙文 271 一个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后，希望免费赠送自己为女朋友购买的环球航空旅行机票的故事，体现了年轻人无私的精神 名词：7个
动词：9个
形容词：4个
2016年 新课标卷I 记叙文 253 讲述了司机Larry在路上遇到着火的汽车，积极救人的故事。 动词7 名词 4
形容词3 副词1
连词2 介词短语2
代词1
新课标卷II 夹叙夹议文 262 作者通过自身的经历总结出，电话中的感受有时与现实生活中的感受不一致，因为像微笑这样无声的信号无法通过电话传播。 动词6 名词 4
形容词5 副词3
介词短语2
新课标卷III 记叙文 276 作者通过刻苦训练，最终实现了成为足球队明星球员的目标。 动词8 名词4
形容词5 副词 1
连词1 代词1
2015年 全国卷I 记叙文 262 超市帮助贫困老人 动词6 名词7
形容词3 副词 2
连词2
全国卷II 记叙文 242 陪女儿看一场足球锦标赛 动词5 名词5
形容词2 副词 2连词1
2014年 全国卷I 议论文 251 室友的活动如果常规去做都变得无聊 动词3 名词7
形容词3 副词 2
全国卷II 记叙文 263 英国登山家Joe Simpson和同伴Simon Yates登山的遭遇和经历 动词11 名词2
形容词1 副词 5介词1
2013年 全国卷I 记叙文 262 一次小活动了解残疾人的经历 动词7 名词7
形容词4 副词 1连词1
全国卷II 记叙文 236 带着手套的格林伯格 动词11 名词5
形容词4
题型解读
一、完形填空之记叙文
完形填空考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。要求考生通读全文，掌握文章大意，运用词汇、语法等知识，选择最佳答案，使文章意思通顺，结构完整。记叙型完形填空是高考和备考的重点。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：
a. 首句完整，线索清楚。
一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。
b. 叙述灵活，侧重语境。
文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。
c. 实词为主，虚词为辅。
高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200～260个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。
应对策略
a. 重视首句，开篇明义。
从历年的试题可以看出，完形填空首句一般不设题。这为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息。所以应充分重视首句的指示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此拓展思维，争取开局胜利。
b. 利用语境，揣摩心态。
高考完形填空题逐渐摒弃语法分析，朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘，因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文语境启示或限定，揣摩作者的心情，以及他对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，除了对关联用语的把握外，还要把握语气、动作等的描写。
c. 理清线索，把握方向。
记叙文一般按事件发展顺序叙述，有时用倒叙。答题时，通过理清人物间的关系，把握人物各自所做的事情，从而把握细节，找准作者的记叙方向，正确理解文章。
真题回顾
【2023 年全国乙卷】
To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she ____21____ best. She had to ___22___ her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say ____23____to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ____24____ waves on her board. But it was____25____ to take the leap (飞跃), however ____26____ it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she____27____about 1,200 miles away from home, to ____28____ with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never ____29____ and everything was new to her.
As it turned out Douglas did ____30____ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she
____31____two Russians. The Chinese coach ____32____ Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the ____33____, helping her skyrocket from an ____34____ member of the national team to the top of the sport. By ____35____ the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She ____36____ the
competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt ____37____ all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karoly the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it ____38____ to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought ____39____ that she could make the London Games-and win.
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to ____40____.” And shine she did.
21. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew
22. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up
23. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no
24. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike
25. A. common B. time C. fun D. tough
26. A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C. eye-catching D. head-spinning
27. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off
28. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train
29. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed
30. A. approximately B. gradually C. exactly D. possibly
31. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted
32. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put
33. A. world B. city C. team D. state
34. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic
35. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding
36. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led
37. A. confident B. nervous C. excited D. uneasy
38. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
39. A. now and then B. more and more C. far and wide D. on and on
40. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. C
31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国体操运动员 Gabby Douglas 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，不得不远离家乡，去离家 1200 英里的地方，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。最终在教练的训练下，Douglas 成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。
【21 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas 不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。A. tried 尝试；B. thought 思考；C. judged 判断；D. knew 知道；熟悉，了解。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“1,200 miles away from home”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas 放弃她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方，故选 D。
【22 题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up 从事；B. pack up 整理；收拾行李；C. clean up 清理；D. do up 装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，整理好她的卧室，准备离开这里，故选 B。
【23 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. goodbye 再见；B. hello 你好；C. thanks 感谢；D. no 没有；否定的回答。由上“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”可知，Gabby Douglas 要离开自己的家，所以与家里的狗说再见，故选 A。
【24 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause 引起；B. observe 观察；C. ride 骑；漂浮；D. strike 打击。由下文“waves on her board.”可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves 意为“冲浪”，故选 C。
【25 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. common 平民；普通；B. time 时间；C. fun 乐趣；D. tough 暴徒。由下文“to take the leap (飞跃)”可知，虽然离开自己所熟悉的一切很难，但是是时候该迈出这一步了，故选 B。
【26 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人伤心。A. breathtaking 激动人心的；B. heartbreaking 令人心碎的；令人伤心的；C. eye-catching 引人注目的；D. head-spinning 头晕的。上文提到的 Gabby Douglas 不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知，放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心，故选 B。
【27 题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以她离家 1200 英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A. dropped out 退出；B. moved on 继续。C. pulled over 靠边停车；D. went off 离开。由下文“about 1,200 miles away from home,”可知，Gabby Douglas 到了一个离家 1200 英里的地方，故选 D。
【28 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她离家 1200 英里，和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。A. reason 推理；B. talk谈话；C. compete 竞争；D. train 培训。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人)all-around event”和下文“with a coach from China”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开家，由此可知，她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练，故选 D。
【29 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met 遇到；见过；B. helped 帮助；C. understood 理解；D. needed 需要。由下文“everything was new to her.”可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，故选 A。
【30 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意： 事实证明，Douglas 击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. approximately 大约；B.gradually 逐渐地；C. exactly 准确地；完全；D. possibly 可能地。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Gabby Douglas 获得了奥运会全能冠军，由此可知，Gabby Douglas 完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切，故选 C。
【31 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 事实证明，Douglas 击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. defeated 打败；B. pleased 使高兴；C. respected 尊敬；D. assisted 帮助。由上文“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”和下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas 击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军，故选 A。
【32 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让 Douglas 成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. forced 强迫；B. transformed 转换；改造；彻底改变；C. persuaded劝说；D. put 放。由下文“Douglas into one of the best gymnasts”可知，这位中国教练让 Douglas 变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into 固定搭配，意为“使......变成......”，故选 B。
【33 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让 Douglas 成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. world 世界；B. city 城市；C. team 团队；D. state 国家。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas 赢得奥运会全能冠军，所以说她是世界最好的体操运动员之一，故选 A。
【34 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让 Douglas 成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。 A. amateury 业余爱好的；B. elected 当选的；C. average 平均的；普通的；D. enthusiastic 热情的。由下文“member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，这位中国教练帮助 Douglas 从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选 C。
【35 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A. clarifying
分类；B. defending 打败；C. winning 赢得；D. demanding 要求。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，Douglas 赢得奥运会全能冠军，故选 C。
【36 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A. followed 跟随；B. organized 组织；C. watched
观看；D. led 带领；领先。由下文“the competition from beginning to end”可知，比赛过程中，Douglas 一直领先于竞争对手，故选 D。
【37 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说她一直坚信自己会赢。A. confident 自信的；坚信的；B. nervous 紧张的；C. excited 兴奋的；D. uneasy 不安的。由下文“all along that she would win.”可知，Douglas 一直坚信自己会赢，故选 A。
【38 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人 Martha Karoly 还认为 Douglas 不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A. viewed 看待；B. appeared 出现；C. mattered 重要；D. took 需要。由下文“to be an Olympian”可知，此处表示 Martha Karoly 还认为 Douglas 不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件，空处表示“需要”，故选 D。
【39 题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会。A. now and then 时不时地；B. more and more 越来越多；C. far and wide 广泛地；D. on and on 不断地。由上文“As time went by”和下文“that she could make the London Games-and win.”可知，随着时间的推移，Douglas 越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会。故选 B。
【40 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我准备好发光了”。A. shine 照耀；发光；B. fly 飞行；C. dance 跳舞；D. score得分。由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知，Douglas 认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人，故选 A。
【2023 年全国甲卷】
Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.The first time we ___21___ there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike ___22___ its way down the hill toward us. It was ___23___ called Mario, coming to ___24___ us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice ___25___ for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were ___26___ because
they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, ___27___ things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any ___28___, we thought. But we were ___29___ his kindness, so we ___30___ them.
What we discovered is that it’s ___31___ to judge what you eat only by its ___32___. Those tomatoes had
___33___ that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ___34___ perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a ___35___ memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can ___36___ them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was ___37___.
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re ___38___, and as close as possible to where they were___39___. What Mario had ___40___ us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
21. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed
22. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
23. A. customer B. neighbor C. relative D. passenger
24. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show
25. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture
26. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
27. A. simple B. real C. shiny D. fun
28. A. more B. good C. new D. easy
29. A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in
30. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
31. A. unnecessary B. uncertain C. unwise D. unusual
32. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price
33. A. size B. shape C. color D. taste
34. A. smell B. look C. become D. work
35 A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague
36. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack
37. A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar
38. A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need
39. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown
40. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. A
31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B
【解析】
.
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者的邻居马里奥给作者一家送了一个盒子，盒子里是自己种的西红柿和酿的酒，刚开始作者一家因为西红柿畸形的外表，和酒的浑浊感到不是很好，但是尝试过后，发现比超市的好，让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。
【21 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. waited 等待；B. met 遇见；C. camped 露营；D. stayed 暂住。根据前文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住在那里。故选 D 项。
【22 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making 使；让；B. searching 搜索；C. squeezing 挤压；D. feeling 感觉。根据后文“coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东
西的，所以 make one’s way 复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选 A 项。
【23 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. customer 顾客；B. neighbor 邻居；C. relative 亲戚；D. passenger 乘客。根据前文“we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us.”以及最后一句“What Mario had 20 us was
the taste of the Garfagnana”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，送来了当地的食物，可推测是作者的邻居。故选B 项。
【24 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. lend 借出；B. send 发送；C. bring 带来；D. show 展示。根据后文“It was a very nice 5 for him
to make.”可知，马里奥很友好，所以是给作者一家带来一个盒子。故选 C 项。
【25 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他这么做真是太好了。A. choice 选择；B. comment 议论；C. promise 诺言；D. gesture姿态。根据前文“coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，马
里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和酒，所以是好的姿态。故选 D 项。
【26 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们事非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的东西。A. worried 担心的；B. moved 感动的；C. thrilled兴奋的；D. bored.感到厌倦的。根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选 A 项。
【27 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的东西。A. simple 简单的；B. real 真实的；C. shiny 闪亮的；D. fun 有趣的。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round”可知，空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，和前文的“nice, round”并列，结合选项，应是“shiny 闪亮的”符合实际。故选 C 项。
【28 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想，这些肯定不好。A. more 更多的；B. good 好的；C. new 新的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 6 because they were so misshapen:
not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a
funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，马里奥带来的西红柿和酒都不好，因此作者一家认为这些都不可能好。故选 B 项。
【29 题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. sympathetic to 同情；B. thankful for 对......表示感谢；C. cautious about 谨慎对待；D. interested in 对......感兴趣。根据前文“It was 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，西红柿
和酒是邻居送的，所以应该是很感谢他。故选 B 项。
【30 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. tried 尝试；B. sold 出售；C. returned回来；D. mixed 混合。根据后文“Those tomatoes had 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle
used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，所以推知，他们是尝试了。故选 A 项。
【31 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. unnecessary不需要的；B. uncertain 无把握；C. unwise 不明智的；D. unusual 特别的。结合前后文，可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现，它的味道，比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选 C 项。
【32 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你的吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. appearance外观；B. quality 质量；C. origin 源头；D. price 价格。根据前文“we were 6 because they were so misshapen”可知，此处应是通过外观来评判。故选 A 项。
【33 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些西红柿的味道让我想起了我小时候叔叔种的西红柿。A. size 尺寸；B. shape形状；C. color 颜色；D. taste 味道。根据后文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste
of water.”可知，此处应是用马里奥送的西红柿和超市的西红柿作对比，马里奥送的西红柿外观差，但是味道好，让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。故选 D 项。
【34 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在超市里的西红柿看起来很好，但味道像水。A. smell 闻起来；B. look 看起来；C. become 变成；D. work 工作。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a
supermarket.”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选 B 项。
【35 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人会对那些有快乐的记忆。A. happy 快乐的；B. vivid 清晰的；C. short 短的；D. vague 模糊的。根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water.”
可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有将会有快乐的记忆。故选 A 项。
【36 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，这样他们就可以方便地包装它们。A. clean 打扫；B. check 检查；C. count 计数；D. pack 包装。根据前文“It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones”结合实际，可知方形的易包装。故选 D 项。
【37 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的。A. perfect 完美的；B. useful 有用的；C. convenient 便利的；D. familiar 熟悉的。根据前文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的 but 可知，此处表转折，结合选项，此处应“马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的”之意，符合实际。故选 A 项。
【38 题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是当令的时候，并且尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. on view 在展出；B. on sale 出售；C. in season 当令的；D. in need 困难中的。根据前文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是当令的时候。故选 C 项。
【39 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. finished 完成；B. stored 贮存；C. found 找到；D. grown 成长。根据前文“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知，此处在讲在合适的时间吃东西是好的，根据 where 推断涉及地点，结合实际，应是在靠近它们生长的地方，摘下来吃，能保持新鲜，是好的，符合题意。故选 D 项。
【40 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里奥给我们的是 Garfagnana 的味道。A. cooked 烹饪；B. given 给；C. bought买；D. told 告诉。根据前文“It was 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选 B 项。
典例一 (2022 全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___21___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___22___ . When I first dated Steve, I ___23___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___24___ that he was an animal lover, I ___25___ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___26___ , the cat.
The next week we ___27___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___28___ , Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so ___29___ He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. _____30_____ , I began to fall for him.
We _____31_____ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her _____32_____ . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly _____33_____ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve _____34_____ his house. All worked _____35_____ . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, _____36_____ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team _____37_____ for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my _____38_____ , this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I _____39_____ him to. That’s only for giving _____40_____ to the dogs that brought us together.
21. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
22. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
23. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
24. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
25. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
26. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
27. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed
28. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination
29. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real
30. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment
31. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended
32. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
33. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly
34. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched
35. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free
36. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered
37. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling
38. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage
39. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid
40. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。由上文的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. (多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B. expectations期望；C. confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。由下文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕的；D. thrilled激动的。由下文的“he was an animal lover (他是一个动物爱好者)”可知，得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted坚持。由下文的“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 6 the cat (三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫)”可知，作者认为三条狗可能太多了，且自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫，针对这种情况，作者是担忧的。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance机会；C. Molly莫莉；D. Tilly蒂莉。选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走；C. bathed沐浴；D. fed喂养。由本处的“ 7 our dogs together (一起……我们的狗)”可知，作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance平衡；C. attention注意力；D. imagination想象。由上文的“It was a hot day. When we paused (那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下)”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下，catch one’s breath (休息一下、歇一口气)。 故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A. calm冷静的；B. sure确定的；C. soon很快的；D real真正的。由上文的“The next week (第二周)”和“Was he proposing (求婚) (他在求婚吗)”可知，二人才认识两周，作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚，认为进展太快了。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case那样的话；C. By all means务必；D. In that moment那一刻。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和下文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续；B. decided决定；C. intended打算；D. pretended假装。由上文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出二人会继续约会。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛；B. tail尾巴；C. ear耳朵；D. leg腿。由下文的“I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound (我担心Tilly爬楼梯会重新打开伤口)”可知，作者担心爬楼会影响Tilly的伤口，可得出Tilly的腿做了手术。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会重新打开伤口。A. secretly秘密地；B. constantly不断地；C. eventually最终；D. unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“I took the dogs out four times a day (我一天带狗出去四次)”可知，作者一天带狗出去四次，可得出狗狗（包括Tilly）要不断地爬楼梯。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫离开了他的房子。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C. suggested建议；D. searched搜寻。由下文的“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，二人成为室友，可得出史蒂夫作者一起居住。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C. fine好的；D. free自由的。由下文的“The three dogs formed a pack (这三条狗组成了一个团队)”和“Steve and I formed a good team (史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队)”“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，狗狗相处友好，作者和史蒂夫相处也友好，可得出一切都好。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied占据；D. discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack 6 , the cat (我的狗可能会攻击猫)”和“The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching (这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下)”可知，起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora，但作者的狗和史蒂夫的狗相处友好，可得出在训练下，狗不会去攻击猫，结合动物的领地意识可知，此处指狗尊重猫的空间。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看；B. caring照顾；C. waiting等待；D. calling打电话。由上文的“Tilly had an operation (Tilly做了一次手术)”可知，作者的狗Tilly做过手术，史蒂夫和作者一起居住后，和作者一起照顾术后康复的Tilly。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A. delight高兴；B. credit信用；C. interest兴趣；D. disadvantage缺点。由下文的“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me (这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚)”可知，史蒂夫向作者求婚，作者应该是感到高兴。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel (跪) down (他没有跪下)”和常识可知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下跪。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 10 , I began to fall for him. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗。我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感，所以是“给爱犬喝水”的举动让二人走到了一起。故选D项。
典例二 (2022 浙江卷1月)
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her ___16___ , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply ___17___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my ___18___ was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___19___ problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in ___20___. " Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___21___ she said. " But more and more are suffering and lives are being ___22___.
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___23___ at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___24___ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done_____25_____ work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising _____26_____ for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. _____27_____ she has raised $ 110, 000 with another $40, 000 _____28_____ .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to _____29_____ that there are solutions（解决办法）said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after _____30_____ . "I say there is no old _____31_____ , there's only neglect （忽视）. Don't stand _____32_____ , do something about it. "
Ms. Burdeyney _____33_____ that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring _____34_____ into people eyes and this is just the _____35_____. There is still a long way to go"
16. A. throat B. skin C. lungs D. eyes
17. A. getting over B. going through C. holding on D. passing down
18 A. story B. treatment C. life D. relationship
19. A. similar B. various C. personal D. special
20. A. turn B. peace C. vain D. silence
21. A. unbearable B. abnormal C. insignificant D. disturbing
22. A. compromised B. forgotten C. substituted D. separated
23. A. course B. program C. paper D. conference
24. A. informed B. doubted C. included D. dismissed
25. A. part-time B. controversial C. voluntary D. ground-breaking
26. A. money B. standards C. awareness D. questions
27. A. As ever B. So far C. In return D. Once again
28. A. wasted B. donated C. expected D. earned
29. A. imagine B. confirm C. remember D. understand
30. A. retirement B. childbirth C. graduation D. marriage
31. A. time B. rule C. age D. tale
32. A. straight B. still C. firm D. alone
33. A. commented B. learned C. reminded D. added
34. A. light B. joy C. color D. beauty
35. A. future B. beginning C. truth D. meaning
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助以寻求解决方法的故事。
【16题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始有眼睛问题，明显的干涩和不适。A. throat喉咙；B. skin皮肤；C. lungs肺；D. eyes眼睛。根据第八空前面的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research”（最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划）可知，她有眼睛问题，故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A. get over克服；B. go through经历；C. hold on坚持；D. pass down传递下去。根据语境可知，她遭受眼睛问题，这是一段糟糕的经历，故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到如此无助和不安，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A. story故事；B. treatment治疗，对待；C. life生命，生活；D. relationship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦，生活质量自然会被影响，故选C项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. similar相似的；B. various多种多样的；C. personal私人的；D. special特别的。跟与自己有相同问题的人交谈并发现问题，符合语境逻辑，故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. in turn轮流；B. in peace和平地；C. in vain徒劳地；D. in silence默默地。根据后句“Nobody chooses to talk about it”（没有人想谈论它）可知，他们很多人保持了沉默，故选D项。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说没有人选择谈论它因为这看起来没有意义。A. unbearable无法忍受的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. insignificant无意义的；D. disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义，其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑，故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是越来越多的人在受苦，生命陷入危险。A. compromise使陷入危险、妥协；B. forget遗忘；C. substitute替代、代替；D. separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦，这属于健康问题，威胁生命，故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划，这是在以色列特拉维夫大学的一个项目。A. course课程；B. program项目；C. paper纸、论文；D. conference会议。一项研究通常也被称为一个项目，故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. inform通知；B. doubt怀疑；C. include包括；D. dismiss解散。根据语境可知，这位专家在这个团队中，故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. controversial有争议的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. ground-breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray od hope”（看到了一丝希望）可知，他是带来希望的人，是最先做的，他的工作具有开创性，故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到了一丝希望，Burdeyney女士开始和朋友多伦多商人Meryer一起为这个项目筹集资金。A. money钱；B. standards标准；C. awareness意识；D. questions问题。根据后文他们筹集了111000美金可知此处指“筹集资金”，故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. as ever依旧、和往常一样；B. so far目前；C. in return作为回报；D. once again再一次。根据本句的现在完成时态，应选择so far，他们已经筹集了111000美金，故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. waste浪费；B. donate捐赠；C. expect期待、预期；D. earn赢得。根据语境目前已经筹集了一笔钱，预期未来还有部分金额，故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney说，“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白有解决办法”。A. imagine想象；B. confirm确认；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。结合前文很多人默默地受苦是因为看不到希望，所以要让他们理解办法是有的，故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位受过专业培训的护士在退休之后仍然作为私人培训师在工作。A. retirement退休；B. childbirth出生；C. graduation毕业；D. marriage婚姻。根据still work可知，她本可以不工作了可知，她已经退休了，故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为没有老的年纪，只有忽视。A. time时间；B. rule规则；C. age年龄；D. tale传说。本文主要谈论的是上了年龄的人的眼睛问题，故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要呆着保持不动，做点什么事情。A. straight直的；B. still静止的；C. firm坚定的；D. alone单独。此处的stand意为“处于某种状态”后跟形容词作表语，呼吁人们采取行动，不要什么都不做，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney补充说她希望为这个项目做得更多。A. comment评论；B. learn学习；C. remind提醒；D. add补充说。前句为她说的话，后面又继续说，即为补充说，故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. light光明；B. joy乐趣；C. color颜色；D. beauty美。根据常识，眼睛是人们识别光的器官，此处一语双关，只看到的光，也指希望，故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. future未来；B. beginning开始；C. truth事实；D. meaning意义。根据后句“There is still a long way to go”（根据后句话有很长的路要走。）可知，只是开始，故选B项。
典例三 (2021 全国甲卷)
It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was ___21___ at the hotel on business and planning to ___22___ some friends in the area. They had asked him to ___23___ some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he ___24___ a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was ___25___ that it would be too warm, he ___26___ it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was ___27___ and well chilled (冷却) and he ___28___ .
That's when things went ____29____ “I remember walking down the long _____30_____ and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of _____31_____ to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went _____32_____ . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to _____33_____ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real _____34_____ .
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have _____35_____ and I admit responsibility of my _____36_____,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, _____37_____ , to apologize for the-damage I had _____38_____ caused and to ask you to _____39_____ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
His letter _____40_____ . Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
21 A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing
22. A. visit B. help C. follow D. make
23. A. sell B. have C. bring D. taste
24. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost
25. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried
26. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid
27. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready
28. A. left B. nodded C. waited D. regretted
29. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind
30. A. beach B. driveway C. hall D. table
31. A. application B. apology C. request D. invitation
32. A. hungry B. dead C. missing D. wild
33. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in
34. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge
35. A. recovered B. retired C. escaped D. matured
36. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions
37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground
38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly
39. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew
40. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时，给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单，Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终，他的信起作用了。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. looking看；D. packing包装。根据“Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to 22 some friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. visit拜访；B. help帮助；C. follow跟随；D. make制作。根据“They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，朋友让他带一些东西，由此推知Burchill准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。A. sell卖；B. have有；C. bring带来； D. taste品尝。根据“So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，Burchill的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。A. filled装满；B. locked锁上；C. abandoned抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据“a suitcase full of pepperoni”和“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. surprised感到惊讶的；B. pleased高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D. worried担心的。根据“he 26 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心意大利香肠会太热，所以把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. dug挖； B. cleared清除；C. cut切下；D. laid放。根据“it out on the table near an open window”可知，他把它放在桌子上。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. delicious美味的； B. safe安全的；C. soft柔软的；D. ready准备好。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了，由此推知，他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. left离开；B. nodded点头；C. waited等待；D. regretted后悔。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情就在这时出了问题。A. far远的；B. funny有趣的；C. wrong失常的；D. blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went 32 . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real 34 .”可知，事情就在这时出了问题。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. beach海滩；B. driveway私人车道；C. hall大厅；D. table桌子。根据“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls”可知，Burchill走过长长的大厅。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. application申请；B. apology道歉；C. request要求；D. invitation邀请。根据““I have 35 and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.””可知，Burchill给酒店写了一封道歉信。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海鸥立刻变得疯狂起来。A. hungry饥饿的；B. dead死亡的；C. missing失踪的； D. wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了，变得疯狂起来。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。A. mess混乱； B. puzzle不解之谜；C. fight打架；D. challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，现场一片混乱。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. recovered恢复；B. retired退休；C. escaped逃跑；D. matured成熟。根据“and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,”可知，这里意思是Burchill认为自己成熟了。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. suffering苦难；B. plans计划；C. madness疯狂；D. actions行为。根据“I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，Burchill承认对自己的行为负责。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pocket手放在口袋里； B. nose in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. indirectly间接；B. deliberately故意地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. secretly秘密地。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，作者携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. replace取代；B. remember记得；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. renew更新。根据“my lifetime ban from the hotel.”和“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，Burchill请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的信起作用了。A. arrived到达；B. worked起作用；C. ended结束；D. disappeared消失。根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，他的信起作用了。故选B。
典例四 (2020 浙江卷7月)
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.
One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat.
Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the 42 move.
My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 . I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Don’ s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously（奇迹般地）crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me.
The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn’t quite believe my 53 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 . Don was given a special 55 that night — I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.
36. A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned
37. A. kids B. friends C. owner D. mother
38. A. ask about B. play with C. tend to D. run into
39. A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined
40. A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult
41. A. Fortunately B. Generally C. Immediately D. Obviously
42. A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence
43. A. saw B. stopped C. remembered D. drove
44. A. crowd B. motorway C. field D. hill
45. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out
46. A. real B. best C. basic D. last
47. A. fixed B. noticed C. reached D. closed
48. A. resting B. running C. parking D. turning
49. A. steep B. long C. rough D. busy
50. A. abandoned B. approached C. recognized D. repaired
51. A. unclean B. uncertain C. unhurt D. unhappy
52. A. arrived B. replied C. survived D. waited
53. A. ability B. dream C. luck D. idea
54. A. common B. confusing C. desirable D. awful
55. A. meal B. test C. job D. lesson
36.B 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据语境作者在牧羊，再根据下文小羊和它的母亲分开了，可知作者“发现”了一只小羊。故选B。
37.D 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据下文“Lamb and mother”可知，小羊是和它的“母亲”分开了。故选D。
38.C 考查动词短语辨析
【解题思路】根据前文，小羊和母亲分开了，因此作者需要“照料”它。ask about意为“询问”；play with意为“玩弄”；tend to 意为“照料”；run into意为“撞上，遇见”。故选C。
39.C 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据前文，小羊和母亲分开了，此处应该是小羊和母亲“团聚”了，作者就回到他的拖拉机跟前。故选C。
40.A 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】根据句中的“because I ...”，作者跳出拖拉机的时候已经拉好手刹，所以当作者看到拖拉机溜坡的时候，感到“出乎意料”。故选A。
41.D 考查副词辨析
【解题思路】根据上文“Don stayed in his scat”，拖拉机上只有牧羊犬在，根据句意：“明显地”，是Don使得拖拉机溜坡。故选D。
42.B 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据上文，作者看到拖拉机突然溜坡，此处是指牧羊犬使得vehicle“车辆”移动。故选B。
43.A 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据下文，拖拉机撞破木栅栏，可知此处作者没有“停止”（stop）拖拉机溜坡；再根据语境，作者“看见”拖拉机前往高速公路。故选A。
44.B 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句话，“警察到来，高速公路又恢复正常”，可知，拖拉机前往“高速公路”。故选B。
45.B 考查动词短语辨析
【解题思路】根据语境，作者拼命地跑，却不能“赶上”。take off意为“起飞，脱下”；catch up意为“赶上”；hold back意为“隐瞒，阻止”；get out意为“离开，泄露”。故选B。
46.D 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】根据前文，拖拉机消失在作者的视线，作者“最后”看到的是牧羊犬的脸。故选D。
47.C 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据句意：心提到了嗓子眼，我“来到”栅栏边，看了看。故选C。
48.A 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据“against the crash barrier”，可知拖拉机“倚”在栅栏上。故选A。
49.D 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】根据“fast-flowing traffic”可知此处指“繁忙的”车道。故选D。
50.B 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据语境，作者来到拖拉机旁边。故选B。
51.C 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】根据牧羊犬“jumped out”和“dashed back”的动作，可知牧羊犬明显“没有受伤”。故选C。
52.A 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据语境可知，警察“来了”。故选A。
53.C 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据“it turned out no one got badly hurt”可知“没有人严重受伤”，我很不能相信我的“运气”。故选C。
54.D 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】此句是虚拟语气的用法，句意：没有人严重受伤，但结果原本可能是“极坏的”。故选D。
55.A 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据后文句意“我不想让牧羊犬认为我生他的气”，作者应该是给了牧羊犬丰盛的“一顿饭”。故选A。
典例五 (2019 新课标全国卷II)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had ___43___ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.
Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who ___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ___58___.
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as ___59___ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping
43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued
46. A. home B. past C. back D. on
47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search
48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily
49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety
50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded
51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car
52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered
53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured
54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked
55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns
57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme
58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team
59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close
60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人。
41.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers一直在想关于那只狗的事，think about考虑。故选C。
42.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，trembling发抖。故选B。
43.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文可知，他在尽力的哄那只狗，try to do sth尽力做某事。故选A。
44.D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。他在尽力的哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了，run off“跑开”的意思。故选D。
45.C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用lost“丢失”。故选C。
46.C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers给他的朋友Greg打电话，他们俩又驱车返回。 根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，back向后，回原处。故选C。
47.D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Greg在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗，search寻找。故选D。
48.A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据文中提到的frightened, nervousness, fear等词并结合上文并根据下文Ehlers最终成功的安抚了它可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心，cautiously谨慎地，小心地。故选A。
49.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，joy开心。故选B。
50.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地的一个农民告诉他们，这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丢失的狗。根据本句的in the local paper及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的，advertise登广告。故选B。
51.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers给狗的主人打电话可知，此处是指广告上有电话号码，phone number电话号码。故选B。
52.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处是指Ehlers给Jeff和Lisa（狗的主人）打了电话，call打电话。故选A。
53.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers给他们打电话是要告知他找到了他们的狗，find找到。故选C。
54.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，hunt打猎。故选A。
55.D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据上文Ehlers找到的Jeff的狗可知，Jeff在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗，in vain徒劳。故选D。
56.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴知道还有那么一个人，他足够关心你，会去做这样麻烦的事。根据上文可知，此处是指Ehlers对狗足够关心，care关心。故选A。
57.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文Ehlers开车把那只小狗Rosie送到100英里远的机场，把它航空托运到密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，trouble麻烦。故选B。
58.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知，此处是指Lisa在评论Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力，effort努力。故选C。
59.D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想无论是谁丢了狗，可能就像我接近我的狗一样去接近它。根据下文Ehlers说的话可知，此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样，close to靠近。故选D。
60.D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望有人愿意付出更多的努力。根据上文语境可知，此处是表达他希望面对这样的事情，大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮忙，be willing to do乐意做某事。故选D。
应试技巧
技巧1 根据上下文语境确定答案
近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。
这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。
例如：
It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch __36__ a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be __37__ if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. __38__ , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.
36. A. examined B. warned C. interviewed D. cured
37. A. harmless B. helpless C. fearless D. careless
38. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
【答案解析】
36. A
考查动词辨析。A.examined检查；B.warned警告；C.interviewed 采访，面试；D.cured治愈。医生检查了一个生病的孩子，知道他患上了白喉，故选A。
37. B
考查形容词辨析。A.harmless无害的；B.helpless无望的；C. fearless不怕的；D.careless粗心的。如果白喉肆虐诺姆，那里的孩子们都将毫无希望，故选B。
38. D
考查副词辨析。A.Moreover而且；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否则；D.However然而。然而，最近的药品供应站距离诺姆一千多公里，前后是转折关系，故选D。
本文讲述的是曾发生在一个小镇上人们通过接力运送药物来救助患病儿童的感人故事。1925年1月份的阿拉斯加北部极其寒冷，由于大雪，诺姆小镇与外界隔绝了。雪上加霜的是，那里的孩子患了一种致命的传染病——白喉。为了拯救孩子们，人们接力运送药品到诺姆。最终，人们通过狗拉雪橇把药物送到了诺姆。从以上小题可以看出，只要理解了大意，通过语境解答这几个小题并不是难事儿。
技巧2 根据常识及文化逻辑推理
完形填空往往以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。
解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。
例如：
How could the medicine get to Nome The town’s __39__ was already full of ice, so it couldn’t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the snowy roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet.
39. A. airport B. station C. harbor D. border
【答案解析】
39. C
考查名词辨析。A. airport机场； B. station车站；C. harbor 港口；D. border边境。根据“so it couldn’t come by ship”可知，这里指港口结冰，故选C。 由于文章后面提到了由于结冰，就不可能通过船过来。船舶停泊在港口是生活常识问题，根据语境和常识很明显就是说的港口。
技巧3 根据词语惯用法和固定搭配作答
词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的，多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。
解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学词语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。
例如：
41 Jan