阅读教材P39－40中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What does the phrase “smartphone addict” mean in the first paragraph
A．A person who is unable to stop taking harmful drugs.
B．A person who spends a lot of free time on playing smartphones.
C.A person who is interested in developing smartphones.
D．A person who is independent of playing smartphones.
2．What makes the writer decide to make a change
A．He was nearly knocked over by a car.
B．He was too busy to play his smartphone.
C．His smartphone was broken.
D．His eyes were badly hurt by playing smartphones.
3．What is the main idea of the whole passage
A．Playing smartphones is a smart choice.
B．Playing smartphones isn't a smart choice.
C．Enjoy real life by cutting back on the amount of time on smartphones.
D．Quit the habit of playing smartphones.
[答案] 1－3 BAC
entertainment n．娱乐活动；招待，娱乐
[例]At the weekends，for entertainment I could see friends，visit my grandparents，read books or play sports.
在周末，为了娱乐，我可以去见朋友、拜访我的祖父母、看书或者参加体育活动。
[知识拓展]
(1)for entertainment 为了娱乐
to one's entertainment＝to the entertainment of sb.
使某人快乐的是
(2)entertain v. 招待；款待；使有兴趣；使快乐
entertain sb.with... 用……使某人快乐；用……招待某人
entertain sb.to... 宴请/招待某人……
(3)entertaining adj. 令人愉快的
(4)entertained 愉快的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Do you think，nowadays，the media has become more commercial and entertaining(entertain)
②The newscast covers typical events and entertainment(entertain).
③Generally I just need my brain to keep myself entertained (entertain).
④昨天晚上我请朋友们吃饭了。
I entertained my friends to dinner yesterday evening.
addict n．对……入迷的人；瘾君子
[例1]He's only 24 years old and an addict.
他只有24岁，可已经是一个毒品瘾君子。
[例2]She is a TV addict and always watches as much as she can.
她是一个电视迷，总是看电视。
[知识拓展]
(1)addict oneself to 沉溺于……，醉心于……
(2)addicted adj. 上了瘾的；入了迷的
be addicted to 对……上瘾
(3)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
(4)addiction n. 上瘾；入迷
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is now fighting his addiction(addict) to cigarettes.
②I find computer games very addictive(addict).
③He addicted himself to drinking when he was out of work.
④她的儿子对电脑游戏上瘾，对此她无法忍受。
Her son is addicted to computer games，which is unbearable for her.
quit vt.& vi.停止，戒掉；离开
[例]He quit the show last year because of bad health.
去年他因身体欠佳而退出了表演。
[知识拓展]
quit school 退学
quit the army 退伍
quit doing sth. 放弃做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Though the man is ill，he has not quit smoking(smoke).
②We decided it was time to quit(quit) the city.
③For people who smoke, quitting(quit) can help decrease the risk of heart disease.
④我不想再做别人让我做的事。
I want to quit doing things that I'm asked to do.
appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢
[例1]I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to set up a club.
如果你教我怎样建立俱乐部，我会非常感激的。
[例2]I appreciated being shown around the city by Jenny.
我很感激珍妮带我参观这个城市。
[知识拓展]
(1)appreciate doing... 喜欢/感激做……
appreciate sb.doing... 感激某人做……
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激。
(2)appreciation n. 感激；欣赏
in appreciation of 感谢
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Chinese arts have won the appreciation(appreciate) of a lot of people outside China.
②I appreciated having been given(give) the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
③I would appreciate you calling(call) back this afternoon.
④如果你能帮助我做这件事，我将十分感激。
I would appreciate it very much if you could help me with it.
cut back on 减少，削减
[例]You should cut back on fats and carbohydrates.
你应该减少摄入脂肪和碳水化合物。
[知识拓展]
cut down 削减；删节；砍倒；缩短
cut in 插嘴
cut off 中止，切断；使隔绝
cut out 裁剪；删去
cut up 切碎；切开；把……切成小块
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If we don't sell more，we'll have to cut back on production.
②在进行安排时，你不可以删掉不重要的细节。
You can't cut out the unimportant details while making some arrangements.
③因为可怕的飓风，我们的供水又被切断了。
Our water supply was cut off again due to the terrible hurricane.
④现在这个女人已经减少了花在新衣服上的钱的数量。
The woman has cut back on the amount of money spent on her new clothes now.
词义猜测题
词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力。
思维建模——熟练2步解题流程
[技巧点拨]
六种常见的猜测词义的方法：
1．利用定义猜测词义
在许多情况下，作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释，这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that，which，it等。
2．利用指代关系猜测词义
文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。
3．根据转折或对比关系猜测词义
根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
4．利用因果关系猜测词义
因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有since，as，because，for，so，thus，consequently，therefore，hence，due to，result in，result from，as a result等。
5．利用定语或同位语猜测词义
通常用来引出同位语的词或短语有or，that is，in other words等，还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较容易地找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
6．利用文章中的举例猜测词义
在阅读理解中考生可以根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。常用来引出所举例子的提示词语有such as，for example，for instance，like等。
[例文]
Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nation state and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
※Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in the paragraph
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
C [词义猜测题。根据“and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知such as...就是对dominant languages的列举，结合常识可知，现在占据统治地位的语言有英语、西班牙语和汉语。dominant意为“统治的，强大的”，故选C。]
[即学即练]
请快速确定下面这段文字的词义猜测题的答案。
“You'll be blind by the time you're twenty five，”a doctor at Children's Hospital predicted.“Your blood sugar is much too high.”It consumed me.No matter where I was or what I was doing，it was overhead like a dark cloud，waiting for just the right opportunity to break open and destroy my world.
※What does the underlined word “it” in the paragraph refer to
A．The right opportunity.
B．The Children's Hospital.
C．Consuming too much sugar.
D．Losing my sight in the future.
D [词义猜测题。根据“‘You'll be blind by the time you're twenty five，’a doctor at Children's Hospital predicted.(当你25岁的时候，你将会失明。”)可知，句中的it指的是“在未来会失明”，故选D。]阅读教材P53－54中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A．It tells us science is of great value in our lives.
B．It tells us science only makes good things for people.
C．It tells us science represents the destruction of people and often puts us at risk.
D．It tells us science can't be measured by being good or evil.
2．Which value of science is not mentioned in the passage
A．Scientific knowledge enables us to invent something.
B．Science can provide people with intellectual enjoyment.
C．Science can make people feel ignorant，doubtful and uncertain about something.
D．Science makes people form a habit of thinking freely and effectively.
3．According to the passage，what's the scientists' responsibility
A．Declaring the value of the freedom of thought.
B．Teaching that doubt isn't to be feared but to be welcomed.
C．Knowing the progress is the fruit of freedom of thought.
D．Ensuring the freedom of thought is for all coming generations.
[答案] 1－3 ADC
surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关
[例1]The original builders surrounded the city with walls.
最初的建设者们在该城的周围修起了城墙。
[例2]To some，happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对一些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。
[知识拓展]
(1)surround sb./sth.(with...) (以……)围绕，包围
be surrounded by/with... 被……环绕/包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
(3)surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
① Surrounded(surround) by beautiful rivers，the country has attracted a lot of visitors.
②The policemen decided to search the surrounding(surround) area.
③When Mr.Brown got off the train，he found himself surrounded (surround) by his students.
④别忘了：我们被一个天然的操场包围着，这个操场非常适合散步、探险、攀岩和骑自行车。
And don't forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking，caving，climbing and cycling.
by accident 偶然，意外地
[例]Success in life doesn't happen by accident.
生活中的成功并不是偶然发生的。
[知识拓展]
accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地
by accident＝by chance 偶然；意外地
by mistake 错误地
by design＝on purpose 故意地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He did it on purpose，knowing it would annoy her.
②Your words sound as if I did it by design!
③I met one of my old friends in the street accidentally(accident).
④我找不到我的书了。可能有人拿错了。
I can't find my book.Someone may have taken it by mistake．
favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
[例1]The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants.
温暖的气候有利于多种热带植物的生长。
[例2]The man asked me to do him a favour the other day.
不久前的一天，那个人让我帮他一个忙。
[知识拓展]
(1)in favour of 支持，赞同
in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
show favour to 对……偏爱/偏袒
do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙
ask sb.a favour/ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮个忙
(2)favourable adj. 给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The terms of the agreement are favourable(favour) to both sides.
②The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment.
③The mother is careful to show no favour to any child.
④机遇和成功往往会青睐那些有准备的人。
Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.
charge vt.&vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
[例]How much do you charge a room with a bath
一间带浴室的房间多少钱？
[知识拓展]
in charge of 主管；负责；掌管
in/under the charge of sb.＝in one's charge
在某人的掌管下；由某人管理
take charge of 负责；掌管；接管
charge sb.with sth./doing sth. 控告某人犯某罪；指责某人做某事
charge...for... 就……向某人索取……费用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①He was charged with stealing(steal) a car last week.
②He charged me 50 yuan for repairing the mobile phone.
③据说一个年轻女孩正掌管着这家公司。
→It is said that a young girl is in charge of the company．
→It is said that the company is in the charge of a young girl．
involve vt.牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加
[例]There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.
有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。
[知识拓展]
involve sb.in (doing) sth. (使)某人参与(做)某事
be involved in 包含在……；与……有关；
被卷入；专心地(做)
be involved with 涉及
become involved in 卷入，陷入
get involved with 被……缠住
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①What kind of organizations will be involved in setting(set) up these projects
②Parents should involve themselves in their children's education.
③There was a lot of work involved(involve) in setting up the festival.
④昨天晚上他聚精会神地做实验。
He was involved in doing his experiment last night.
let sb.down 使某人失望
[例] We'll try our best to do it well.We don't want to let him down.
我们会尽全力做好这件事。我们不想让他失望。
[知识拓展]
let off 释放；不惩罚，宽恕
let out 泄露；发出叫声
let sb.alone 不要管某人，不打扰某人
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上
let sth.down 使某物降低
let in 让……进来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'll let him off this time but next time he'll be punished.
②When my father is upset，he would rather we let him alone．
③It remains unknown who let out the secret.
④我会努力工作。我不想让老板失望。
I'll work hard.I don't want to let the boss down．
ignorance n．无知
[例]I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history.
我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。
[知识拓展]
(1)in ignorance of sth. 不知某事；对某事不了解
(2)ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会
(3)ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事
be ignorant that... 不知道……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Sometimes children do dangerous things out of ignorance (ignore).
②We are ignorant of/about your plan.
③The singer held his head and walked past, ignoring(ignore) his fans.
take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然的
[例]He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。
[知识拓展]
take...seriously 认真对待……
take one's time 不用急，慢慢来
take pride in 以……自豪
take...for granted 认为……理所当然
take charge of 负责，掌管
take advantage of 利用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He began to take science seriously (serious) only when he did some research in farming.
②We take pride in offering you the highest standards.
③I'm going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
④你不应该认为我照顾你的宠物狗是理所当然的。
You shouldn't take it for granted that I take care of your pet dog.
permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证
[例]The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.
守卫允许我带上相机和录音机。
[知识拓展]
(1)permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit(doing) sth. 允许(做)某事
(2)permission n. 允许；许可；同意
ask sb.for permission＝ask permission from sb.
请求某人许可
with/without(one's) permission 得到/未经(某人的)允许
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The rules of the club don't permit smoking(smoke).
②Strangers can enter the building with a permit.
③You are not allowed to camp here without permission(permit).
④现在不允许任何人进入这座大楼。
No one is permitted to go into the building at present.
declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
[例]The government has declared a state of emergency.
政府已宣布进入紧急状态。
[知识拓展]
declare war(on/against) (向……)宣战
declare sb./sth.(as/to be)＋n./adj. 宣布某人/物为
declare sth./that... 宣布……
declare for/against... 赞成/反对……
It is/was declared that... 据宣布……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①They declared him to be(be) the winner.
②The government has declared war on/against drug dealers.
③The doctor finally declared(declare) that the woman was dead.
④据宣布由于天气不好，飞机不起飞。
It was declared that the plane would not take off due to the bad weather.
主旨大意题
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章大意、概括段落大意、选择标题的形式出现。
思维建模——熟练3步解题流程
[技巧点拨]
1．文章大意题——不同文体不同解法
(1)议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。
(2)说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。
(3)记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意。但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。
2．标题归纳题——两大技巧
(1)正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。
(2)反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除不符选项。
3．段落大意题——根据逻辑结构精准定位主题句
(1)总分顺序组织段落：主题句在段首。
(2)分总顺序组织段落：主题句在段尾。
(3)分总分顺序组织段落：主题句在段中。
[例文]
Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats，four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition，which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month，can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23 gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground，it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a$10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale，and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways.It's expected to cost $279，000.And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.
※What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．The basic data of the Transition.
B．The advantages of flying cars.
C．The potential market for flying cars.
D．The designers of the Transition.
A [段落大意题。根据第一段中提到飞行汽车的两个座位、四个轮子以及车翼、飞行速度、油耗等情况可知，该段是在介绍飞行汽车Transition的基本数据，故选A项。B项曲解文意，该段最后三句只是列举了这款飞行汽车在路上和在空中行驶时的一些数据对比，并没有提及其优势；C项无中生有，该段并没有提及这款飞行汽车的潜在市场问题；D项以偏概全，文中确实提到了飞行汽车的设计者，但它不是本段的主要内容。]
[即学即练]
请快速确定下面这道主旨大意题的答案。
When I was eleven，my parents gave me the first book I ever owned—The Tales of Edgar Allan Poe.I distinctly remember opening it，reading the first lines of the book，and remarking to myself，“So this is what reading is！” My delight was unbounded.Little did I know at the time that I was at the beginning of a lifelong journey.
※What does the paragraph mainly talk about
A．The author's good memories.
B．The author's childhood before 11.
C．The author's parents' reading habits.
D．The author's affection for his first book.
D [段落大意题。根据“‘So this is what reading is！’My delight was unbounded.”可知，作者在11岁时读了The Tales of Edgar Allan Poe这本书，它唤起作者对书籍的热爱。故选D。]阅读教材P25－26中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．In which country was Pompeii located
A．Greece. B．Roman. C．Peru. D．England.
2．What rhetoric (修辞) is used to describe the volcanic eruption
A．Parallelism (排比).
B．Personification (拟人).
C．Simile (明喻).
D．Exaggeration (夸张).
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The city of Pompeii was a typical model of the whole Roman Empire with little shops，tiny palaces，forum and theatre.
B．During the volcanic eruption，all men and women cried with fear.
C．It is almost seven centuries before the city of Pompeii was discovered again.
D．The walls of Pompeii city were covered with ash and dirt long after being buried in the earth.
[答案] 1－3 BCA
shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊
[例1]I got a terrible shock the other day.
前两天，可把我吓坏了。
[例2]We were all shocked at the news of his death.
听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。
[知识拓展]
(1)be a shock to... 使……震惊
(2)shocked adj. 感到震惊的
be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而感到震惊
be shocked that... 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①I was shocked to hear(hear) the news that he had been fired.
②The ending of this play is very shocking(shock).
③Jones was shocked(shock) when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated.
④这个消息让参会的人们很是震惊。
→The news made the people at the meeting very shocked．
→The people at the meeting were shocked at/by the news．
scare vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓
[例1]Rock climbing is a fun thing but I was scared from the start.
攀岩运动很有趣，但是开始时我是害怕的。
[例2]Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.
有时候像这些大的噪音会把熊吓跑。
[知识拓展]
(1)scare...away/off 把……吓跑
scare sb.into/out of doing sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)scared adj. 害怕的
be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物
be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事(某件事情要发生了，
但内心还是感到恐惧)
be scared to death 吓得要死
(3)scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Local businessmen were scared into paying(pay) protection money.
②They have Halloween parties and watch scary(scare) movies.
③Swimming in a river may be dangerous and I was scared to death(die) from the start.
④她不敢冲这个破坏她家房子的人大喊。
She was scared to shout at the person damaging her house.
run out of 用完，耗尽
[例]I am running out of petrol.I must find a gas station before it runs out.
我的汽油快用完了。我得趁还没用完前找到一个加油站。
[知识拓展]
(某物)用完/耗尽(不能用于被动语态)
run after 追捕；跟踪；追求
run across 跑着穿过；偶然碰见
run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到困难
[名师点津]
run out，run out of两者都表示“用完”，前者为不及物动词短语，其主语是物，不能用于被动语态；后者是及物动词短语，主语是人，可以用于被动语态。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①As there was little rain，water was in short supply in this mountain village.
②We can supply you with food and water.
③The company planned to supply books and materials to schools.
④这些汽车将供应给全国各地的人们。
The cars will be supplied to people all over the country.
supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备vt. 提供，供给，供应
[例1]Books were in short supply.
书籍供应短缺。
[例2]It is said that they supplied that organization with weapons.
据说，他们给那个组织提供了武器。
[知识拓展]
in short supply 供应不足，短缺
supply sb.with sth. 向某人提供某物
supply sth.to sb. 将某物供应给某人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①As there was little rain，water was in short supply in this mountain village.
②We can supply you with food and drink.
③The company has won a plan to supply books and materials to schools.
④这些汽车将供应给全国各地的人们。
The cars will be supplied to people all over the country.
donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)
[例]He donated thousands of pounds to charity.
他向慈善事业捐款数千英镑。
[知识拓展]
(1)donate sth.to... 向……捐赠某物
(2)donation n. 捐赠，捐献
make a donation to... 向……捐赠
(3)donor n. 捐献者；献血者
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Donations(donation) began flooding in from hundreds of people.
②Without donated(donate) blood most of illnesses would have probably been cureless.
③I donated blood to the Red Cross for the victims of the earthquake.
④这位老人给当地学校捐了很多钱。
→The old man donated a lot of money to the local school.(donate v．)
→The old man made a donation of a lot of money to the local school.(donation n．)
[名师点津]
donate虽是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，而要用介词to构成donate sth.to sb./sth.。类似的词汇还有：introduce，explain等。
curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
[例]In high school，I was/became curious about the computer and built my first website.
上高中时，我对电脑很好奇，并建立了自己的第一个网站。
[知识拓展]
(1)be/become curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 急于做某事，想做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①She is curious to know(know) what is happening.
②Looking up，I saw their eyes fixed on me with curiosity(curious).
③Curiously(curious) enough，a year later exactly the same thing happened again.
④出于好奇，小女孩打开了那个小盒子。
→Out of curiosity，the little girl opened the little box.(curiosity)
→The little girl opened the little box because she was curious．(curious)
rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救
[例1]Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped in the hurricane.
一些救援人员和医生被困在了飓风当中。
[例2]The firemen rescued a baby from the burning house.
消防员从失火的房子里救出一个婴儿。
[知识拓展]
(1)come/go to one's rescue 营救某人，帮助某人
rescue workers 营救人员
rescue sb.from... 从……中营救某人
(2)rescuer n. 营救人员
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The woman is comforting the boy rescued(rescue) from the old building.
②The two men on the fishing ship were rescued(rescue) before it sank.
③周围的人们听到她的呼救声都来营救她。
All the people nearby came/went to her rescue when hearing her cry for help.
推理判断题——一步推导法
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章深层意义的理解，在解答这类题时，可采用“一步推导法”。即推理判断题的最近答案原则：推得近的要比推得远的好，直接推出的要比间接推出的好。
思维建模——熟练3步解题流程
[技巧点拨]
推理判断题不是考查我们的想象力，它实际是考查我们对原文中的某一个点或几个点所涉及的问题读透了没有。因此做题时不能想得太多，推得过远，是否把原文读懂才是关键。在推理判断时要牢记以下几点：
(1)忠实原文原则：严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。
(2)深层推断原则：如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案。
(3)全面分析原则：如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案。
[名师点津] 某些过渡词，如however，but，on the contrary，what's more等后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。
[例文]
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them．
※What can we infer about languages in hunter gatherer times
A．They developed very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were closely connected.
[答案] B
[即学即练]
请快速确定下面这段文字的推理判断题的答案。
Just outside our gate，all down Jabu Ndlovu Street，as the day begins to fade，security guards take their places.They're cheerful.And they sleep right through their shifts.No one expects a security guard to stay awake.That's why the whole street knew Solly.He not only stayed awake，but also walked around to check the block，picked up litter，and knocked on doors and asked residents to turn their music down.
※What made Solly different from other guards
A．His skin color.
B．His hard work.
C．His friendly manner.
D．His lovable character.
[答案] B阅读教材P11－12中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why are these four people here
A．To discuss about pollution in Norgate.
B．To praise Norgate's rapid development.
C．To protest against heavy industry.
D．To make huge profits in the city.
2．What can be concluded from the passage
A．All the local residents protested against heavy industry.
B．Factory managers are irresponsible businessmen.
C．Most factories tries their best to reduce the pollution while they make profits.
D．Fighting pollution is just a task for factories and government departments.
3．What's the main idea of the passage
A．The local people are all against environmental pollution.
B．The advantages of opening a factory outweigh the disadvantages.
C．Environmental protection is a long term task that requires joint efforts.
D．There are different viewpoints on environmental pollution.
[答案] 1－3 ACC
come up with 想出，想到
[例1]When you have finished，try to come up with two more events for each category.
当你完成后，每一种类尽量再提出两个项目。
[例2]Keep your eye on these jokers，you never know what they will come up with.
盯住这些家伙，你永远不知道他们会想出什么来。
[知识拓展]
come about 发生
come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解；被弄懂
come up 被提出；出现；发芽
come out 出来；长出；出版，发行；结果是
when it comes to (doing)... 当谈到(做)……时
[名师点津]
come up with意为“想出、想到”；其主语是人，后接想出的内容。
come up 意为“被提及”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物，即所提出的内容。
两者均不可用于被动语态。
The subject came up in our conversation.
我们的谈话中提到了这个话题。
No one has come up with a more practical way at the meeting till now.
到目前为止，会议上没人提出更切实可行的方法。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When it comes to studying(study) English，he is very weak.
②你能告诉我在那个地区事故是怎样发生的吗？
Can you tell me how the accident came about in that region
③我很惊讶他能想出这么好的主意。
I was amazed that he could come up with such a sweet idea．
call for(公开)要求；需要
[例]Air pollution calls for our special concern.
空气污染问题需要我们的特别关注。
[知识拓展]
call up 给……打电话；使回忆起
call back 回电话
call on/upon 拜访(人)；号召
call at 拜访(某地)
call in 请来；找来
call off 取消
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The old picture called up memories of his childhood.
②The government calls on the citizens to lead(lead) a green life.
③比赛因恶劣天气而被取消了。
The game was called off because of the bad weather.
④问题是，研究那些物种需要有很大的耐心。
The problem is that studying those species calls for a lot of patience．
application n．应用，运用；申请
[例]Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me.
从20世纪70年代起，我被开发出了很多新的用途。
[知识拓展]
(1)apply vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用
vi. 申请；请求；使用；有效
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
apply to 适用于；与……有关
apply oneself to... 专心于……(to为介词)
apply...to... 把……运用到……；把……涂到……
(2)applicant n. 申请人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The girl decided to apply for a job in this company.
②The technology applied(apply) to this field was highly thought of.
③Students should apply themselves to improving(improve) their skills.
④这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
In this way we can better apply the theory to practice．
get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
[例1]He attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him.
在聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。
[例2]The young man made up his mind to get rid of this bad habit.
这个年轻人决心改掉坏习惯。
[知识拓展]
rid sb./sth.of... 使某人/某物摆脱……
rid oneself of... 摆脱……；从……中解脱
be rid of... 摆脱，除去……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Maybe we should rid ourselves(we) of modern technology and return to simpler times.
②You should rid yourself of the smoking habit.
③改掉像抽烟、喝酒这样的坏习惯是保持健康的重要方式。
Getting rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol is an important way to keep healthy.
defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
[例1]The woman rushed there in defence of her children.
这个女人冲过去保护她的孩子们。
[例2]What points can be raised in defence of this argument
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
[知识拓展]
(1)defend vt. 辩解，辩白；防御，保护，保卫
defend...against/from... 保卫……免受……
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩解
(2)in defence of 为了保卫……，为……辩护
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①I have to say in her defence(defend) that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
②She had to defend herself against/from the guard dog.
③You must learn to defend yourself(you)when being attacked.
④这位律师决定站起来为男孩辩护。
→The lawyer decided to stand up to defend the boy．(defend)
→The lawyer decided to stand up in defence of the boy．(defence)
consequence n．结果，后果；重要性
[例1]Some chemical factories were built in this area and as a consequence/in consequence，local residents suffered from heavy pollution.
这个地区建了一些化工厂，结果，当地居民遭受了严重的污染。
[例2]She was found guilty，and lost her job as a consequence of it.
她被判有罪，因而失去了工作。
[知识拓展]
(1)in consequence＝as a consequence＝consequently
因此
in consequence of/as a consequence of
由于，作为……的结果
(2)consequently adv. 结果，因此
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①As a consequence of the rain，the tennis match was delayed.
②She studied hard，and consequently(consequence) she passed the examination.
③由于缺少政府的支持，这个计划很快就失败了。
→The plan lacked support from the government.In consequence/As a consequence，it broke down soon.
→As a consequence of/In consequence of the lack of support from the government，the plan broke down soon.
give rise to 使发生(或存在)
[例]The novel's success gave rise to a number of sequels.
这部小说的成功带来了许多的续篇。
[知识拓展]
give thought to 认真考虑，思考
give advice to 提供建议
give birth to 产生；分娩；引发；造成
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She had given thought(think) to changing her job before she made the decision.
②Religious differences between them gave birth to a war.
③They give advice to people with AIDS.
④昨天的地震造成许多人死亡。
Yesterday's earthquake gave rise to many deaths．
细节理解题——直接定位法
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章事实细节的理解，在解答这类题时，可采用“直接定位”的方法，即带着问题找原文。
思维建模——熟练3步解题流程
[技巧点拨]
细节理解题的三大原则
(1)解题的顺序原则：一般来说题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高解题效率。
(2)关键词定位原则：用题干中的关键词(包括专有名词、数词、实体名词、形容词、副词等，以及关键词的同义词)在文中搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。
[名师点津] 文章中反复出现的名词或短语没有唯一出处，所以不能算是定位词。
(3)依据原文信息原则：做题时务必要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中的某一处进行定位，然后画出相关语句，并与选项仔细比对。
[例文]
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．
Duration：3 hours
Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C．newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D．C．in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and fortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
※What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour
A．Meet famous people.
B．Go to a national park.
C．Visit well known museums.
D．Enjoy interesting stories.
[答案] D
[即学即练]
请快速确定下面这段文字的直接信息题的答案。
Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not about books and tests and rote memorization(死记硬背)，but something practical.As Koziatek knows，there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a desk.They can also learn geometry by putting together a bicycle.
※What's the characteristic of Mr.Koziatek's school
A．Paying attention to practical learning.
B．Letting students do many tests.
C．Encouraging students to read books.
D．Forcing students to learn by rote.
[答案] A
