考点1 阅读七选五
阅读七选五之利用词汇关系（核心考点精讲精练）
巧用词汇复现解题
词汇复现法是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同位置反复出现。在做题时考生要注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
【方法指导】
【典例1】[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法,其中包括列举自己的优点、列举自己做过的好事、让别人写下自己的优点等。
40.G 根据空后内容“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.”(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)可知,作者认为犯错并不是性格中固有的一面,我们是通过错误来成长的。选项G “Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.”符合语境。故选G。选项中的mistake和文章中的mistakes是原词复现。
【典例2】 (2022·全国乙卷·节选)
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 ．There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】 空前一句提到“确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过了，了解你们想要相互联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效”，再根据空后介绍的具体的交流方式可推出，本空讲的是“朋友需要讨论各自喜欢的交流方式”。E项中的methods与空前一句中的method为原词复现，同时E项中的communication与空前一句中的communicated相呼应。故选E。
[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts. ____1____
Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch. ____2____ Some social media sites use those likes to determine how many people eventually see a post. One with many likes is more likely to be seen-and to get even more likes.
What’s more, viewing posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in our brain. ____3____ For example, posts related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink. That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do.
____4____ And not always in a good way. For example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around. Researchers also looked at the teens’ brains during this task. They saw activity in a part of the brain that’s involved in rewards, which suggests the teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval.
Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are. ____5____
A．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
G．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是社交媒体是生活中的一部分及其对生活的影响。
1．G根据空前的“They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts.(他们利用其中一些时间在社交媒体帐户上发布图片并创建个人资料。)”可知，此处讲述的是青少年们在社交媒体中所作的事情，G选项“Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.(他们所做的大部分工作是阅读和回复朋友和家人的帖子。)”中所描述的也是青少年在社交媒体中所做的事情，其中的they指代与上文的teens一致。故选G。
2．F根据空前的“Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch.(单击竖起大拇指或心形图标是保持联系的简单方法。)”可知，小红心或者大拇指是点赞的位置，空后的“Some social media sites use those likes to determine how many people eventually see a post.(一些社交媒体网站使用这些喜欢来确定有多少人最终看到帖子。)”可知，获赞的多少决定了有多少人关注帖子，由此可知，此空处讲述的内容与“点赞”相关，F选项“But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.(但这些“赞”可以拥有超越简单联系的力量。)”中的“those likes”内容与空前后内容吻合。故选F。
3．A根据空前的“What’s more, viewing posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in our brain.(更重要的是，查看有很多赞的帖子会激活我们大脑中的奖励系统。)”可知，浏览贴子会激活大脑中的奖励体系，根据空后的“For example, posts related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink.(例如，与酒精相关的帖子可能会鼓励青少年饮酒。)”可知，与酒精相关的帖子可能会鼓励青少年饮酒，由此可知，此空处的内容是看到的帖子对青少年的影响，A选项“It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.(它还可以降低观众的自制力。)”讲述的是浏览贴子对青少年的影响，其中的it指代的是上文中的viewing posts，also未结题关键词，且内容与空前后一致。故选A。
4．C 根据空后的“And not always in a good way. (而且并不总是以一种好的方式。)”以及下文中的举例“For example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around.(例如，在2011年的一项研究中，当朋友在身边时，在实验室做驾驶任务的青少年会冒更多的风险。)”可知，本段讲述的是青少年朋友在身边的影响，而且影响不总是好的，C选项“It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.(这并不奇怪：来自同龄人的反馈会影响青少年的行为方式。)”讲述的是来自同龄人的反馈对青少年行为的影响，与空后内容衔接合理，且与举例说明的内容吻合。故选C。
5．E根据空前的“But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are.(但是帖子可能会夸大我们的朋友和其他人的感觉，使他们看起来比我们快乐得多。)”可知，帖子可能会使得他们看起来比我们更快乐，E选项“And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.(这可能会不恰当地让我们觉得自己不如他们成功。)”中描述的内容与空前内容相对应，且其中的代词them以及us空前内容指代一致。故选E。
根据代词指代信息解题
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或起名词作用的短语、分句或句子，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。代词指代一定要注意两种情况：一是选项中的代词要特别关注，二是空格后面的句子中的代词要特别关注。
【方法指导】
【典例1】（2023年新高考I卷）You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】19. C
【解析】根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C “They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【典例2】(2022·全国甲卷·节选)
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 ．
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【解析】根据本段小标题Chopstick Rules可知，本段主要讲述的是筷子的使用规则。根据上文When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。F项讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中F项中的them指的是上文的chopsticks。
[2023·江苏省苏北七市高三二模]
Conscious (有意识的) living is not just a trend. ____1____ It is about being intentional with everything you do — your words, actions, beliefs, habits, and choices. Accepting conscious living takes some effort, but it is worthwhile. Here are some ways you can achieve this goal.
●Be conscious about your time.
Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again. ____2____ If you waste your precious hours doing negative things, you will regret it later. The first step for living consciously is to be wise about your time. Be selective about things you spend it on, and allocate (分配) it for positive activities.
●____3____
You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. It is easier said than done because most people fail to make an effort to know themselves. Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest, and forgiving.
●Learn to be grateful.
Gratitude takes you a long way towards conscious living. It opens you up to a happier and a fulfilled mindset. Most people are unhappy because they see only the negatives in life. However, everyone has something to be grateful for. Writing a gratitude journal is a good start for counting your blessings. ____4____
●Believe in yourself.
It is the key to making the right choices, yet not regretting the wrong ones. ____5____ Spending time alone and thinking deeply are effective measures that enable you to identify the inner voice. Care for it and follow it to make it stronger down the line.
Conscious living is a skill you need to learn as you go, so be willing to make the effort and master it. You will absorb it soon and be a happier person in the long run.
A．Know yourself better.
B．Accept the person you are.
C．Life can be a lot better with the right decisions.
D．It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy.
E．Pick it as a daily habit, and you will notice the difference.
F．The way you spend your time determines the course of your life.
G．The best way to build self-belief is by reflecting on your own thoughts.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何学会有意识地生活。
1．D根据上文“Conscious (有意识的) living is not just a trend.(有意识的生活不仅仅是一种时尚)”中“not just”可知，有意识的生活不仅仅是一种时尚，因此下文会更一进定义有意识的生活，D“It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy.(它是一种健康的选择，能让你快乐)”提出有意识的生活还能带来快乐，与上文构成递进关系，句中代词it指代上文中“Conscious (有意识的) living”。故选D。
2．F上文“Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again.(时间是最宝贵的东西，因为没有办法让一个瞬间重来)”分析了时间宝贵的原因，F项“The way you spend your time determines the course of your life.(你如何利用时间，决定了你的人生轨迹)”承接上文，说明利用时间对人生的重意义，照应本段主题“Be conscious about your time.(要意识到你的时间)”，上下文语意连贯一致。故选F。
3．A设空处是本段标题，根据下文“You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. It is easier said than done because most people fail to make an effort to know themselves. Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest, and forgiving.(除非你了解自己的需求和意图，否则你无法实现这些目标。这说起来容易做起来难，因为大多数人都没有努力去了解自己。花点时间思考并了解自己的优点和缺点。一旦你更了解自己，你就可以制定一个计划，让自己变得更有耐心、诚实和宽容)”可知，本段主要讲要去了解自己，所以A项“Know yourself better.(更好地了解自己)”是最佳标题。故选A。
4．E上文“Writing a gratitude journal is a good start for counting your blessings. (写感恩日记是一个计算你所拥有的幸福的良好开端)”提出用写日记的方式来学会感恩，E项“Pick it as a daily habit, and you will notice the difference.(把它作为一种日常习惯，你会发现其中的不同)”承接上文，建议让写感恩日记变成一种习惯，上下文语意连贯；句中it指代上文中“Writing a gratitude journal”。故选E。
5．G根据小标题“Believe in yourself.(相信自己)”可知，本段主要讲相信自己，即建立自信，G项“The best way to build self-belief is by reflecting on your own thoughts.(建立自信的最好方法是反思自己的想法)”提出方法，上下语意连贯。故选G。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】
Living in the moment is not always easy. Sometimes our thoughts are overwhelmed by regrets about past events or anxiety about the future, which can make it hard to enjoy the present. If you are having a hard time living in the moment, there are some simple strategies that may help.
●Change a routine.___16___One way that you can become more aware is to change up your routine. You can do something as simple as changing the way that you drive to work or changing the way you introduce yourself.
●Learn how to meditate (冥想). Meditation is a great way to train your brain to live in the moment. Learning to meditate takes time, practice, and guidance. ___17___. If no classes are available, you can also buy CDs that will help you learn how to meditate.
●Be grateful for breaks. Instead of becoming impatient when you have to wait for something, practise being grateful for the extra time to notice your surroundings.___18___For example, if you have to wait in a long line to purchase your morning coffee, take that time to observe your surroundings. As you do so, think about what you are grateful for in that moment.
●___19___Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by refocusing your attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show kindness to others. The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings.
●Smile and laugh more often. Living in the moment can be a challenge if you are in a bad mood or just feeling a little down, but smiling and laughing can make you feel better even you force yourself to smile and laugh.___20___
A．Do kind things for others.
B．You’d better find a meditation class in your area.
C．Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time.
D．To get started with meditation, find a quiet spot and get comfortable.
E．Being grateful is an important principle of life and a great wisdom.
F．You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your life.
G．Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away.
【答案】16．F 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们几条关于如何活在当下的建议。
16．根据段落小标题“Change a routine. (改变常规。)”可知，本段的建议是要打破常规，F项中的“you are too set in your life”和标题中的“routine”F项：You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your life. (你可能无法活在当下，因为你的生活太一成不变了。)是对小标题的进一步解释说明，符合语境。故选F。
17．根据段落小标题“Learn how to meditate (冥想). (学会如何冥想。)”可知，本段的建议是学会冥想，B项中的“a meditation class ”与标题中的“meditate”对应，与下文的“If no classes are available”也是呼应的。B项：You’d better find a meditation class in your area. (你最好在你所在的地区找一个冥想班。)符合语境。故选B。
18．根据此空前一句“the extra time (额外的时间)”的提示以及本段首句“Be grateful for breaks. (对休息心存感激。)”可知，本段建议要享受额外的休息时间。C项：Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time. (把额外的时间当作休息，珍惜这段时间。)符合语境。故选C。
19．空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by refocusing your attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show kindness to others. The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings. (做一些随意的善举可以帮助你活在当下，把你的注意力重新集中在你面前发生的事情上。寻找你能做的小事来表达对他人的善意。你所做的善事会帮助你放慢脚步，注意你周围的环境。)”可知，本段主要建议要做善事。A项：Do kind things for others. (为别人做好事。)符合语境。故选A。
20．根据段落小标题“Smile and laugh more often. (经常微笑和大笑。)”可知，本段建议的关键词是“smile”。G项：Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away. (即使你装出一副做作的笑容，你也应该马上开始感觉好起来。)符合语境。故选G。
2.【2023届湖北省高三3月第二次适应性英语模拟测试】
You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is, “So, what do you want to be ” ____16____ But many of you still don’t have a clue! Here are some things you might want to consider.
First, does the career you are considering have staying power Will it be in demand in 20 years Rapid technological change is disruptive (破坏性的). ____17____ While many occupations are being taken over by new technology, jobs that require high-level of critical thinking, emotional intelligence and human interaction, remain in high demand. These jobs are more adaptable and not easily replaced by machines or technology.
Second, choose a career that interests you. Some people might think this is unimportant, but if you are truly passionate about your job then going to work every day won’t seem a chore. It’s also likely that you will stay and grow in this career. Before making a choice, you should examine your values, skills and personality type. ____18____
Third, of course you will want to consider your chosen profession’s earning power! Although high pay plays a part, you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress. ____19____ If you have interests outside of work, or are struggling with other demands in your life, you might want to choose a less taxing line of work.
____20____ Let me leave you with an old saying: “Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. “
A．We need to be forward-looking at our future prospects.
B．Some of you may have already decided on a career path.
C．Trying different work can help you find out your favorite job.
D．This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you.
E．Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges.
F．People’s wages are lower in industries with slow technological change.
G．Thinking about a life-long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging.
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．D 19．E 20．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在选择职业道路的时候你可能需要考虑的事情。
16．根据下文“But many of you still don’t have a clue! (但是你们中的很多人还是不知道)”中转折连词But可知，上下文有转折关系，B项“Some of you may have already decided on a career path. (你们中的一些人可能已经决定了职业道路)”讲有些人已经决定了职业道路，与下文“很多人还是不知道”构成转折关系，回答了前文的问题“what do you want to be (你想成为什么 )”。上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
17．上文“First, does the career you are considering have staying power Will it be in demand in 20 years Rapid technological change is disruptive (破坏性的). (首先，你考虑的职业有持久力吗 20年后还会有需求吗 快速的技术变革具有破坏性)”提出技术变革会改变职业，要考虑未来可能的变化，A项“We need to be forward-looking at our future prospects.(我们需要展望未来的前景)”承接上文，提出要展望职业前景，句中“future prospects”与上文“in 20 years”相照应。上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
18．上文“Before making a choice, you should examine your values, skills and personality type. (在做出选择之前，你应该审视自己的价值观、技能和性格类型)”提出选择职业前要进行自我评估，D项“This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you.(这可以帮助你决定一个职业道路是否适合你)”承接上文，说明这样做的作用，句中“This”指代上文中“examine your values, skills and personality type”。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
19．上文“you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress.(但你应该知道，高薪的工作可能需要更多的时间才能达到顶峰，需要付出更多的努力和更大的压力)”提出与高薪相伴的是更多的付出与挑战，E项“Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges.(只有真正有动力的人才有可能迎接这些挑战)”承接上文，说明什么样的人才能面对这些挑战，句中“these challenges”与上文“require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress”相照应。故选E项。
20．设空句是末段首句，是对全文的总结。G项“Thinking about a life-long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging.(在你人生的这个阶段考虑一生的事业无疑是具有挑战性的)”提出考虑一生的事业是具有挑战性的事情，下文“Let me leave you with an old saying: ‘Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.’(让我用一句老话留给你们：“选择一份你喜欢的工作，你一生中一天都不用工作。”)”用一句谚语给出解答，从而实现对全文的总结。故选G项。
3.【2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期5月第二次联考】
Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with. ____36____ Here are a few tips that will eventually help you lift the spirit of a sad person.
Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care. ____37____ This can make them feel relaxed and open to you. This can also help them recognize that you are there to help them go through this moment. With no kind and loving words, your actions have already said a lot.
____38____ Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like “I’m here”, “we are in this together”, “you’ll get over this”, “lean on me” and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you’re there to take him/her through the sad moment.
Use the right tone of voice. ____39____ They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener. To convey your words with faith that would create a positive effect on the sad person, you would need to say it with the right tone of voice.
Listen patiently. People ask lots of questions but they end up paying little attention to getting the feedback (反馈) that they wanted. Don’t be that person. After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time. ____40____
A．Say kind loving words.
B．Make use of polite expressions.
C．Then choose to appreciate others too.
D．Remember that words do not stand alone.
E．It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help.
F．This knowledge is gained through research and practice.
G．When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth.
【答案】36．F 37．G 38．A 39．D 40．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何照顾一个伤心的人。
36．根据上文“Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with.(学习如何关心一个伤心的人会帮助你在你爱的人和朋友倒下的时候陪在他们身边。然而，知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的)”可知，上文提到“知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的”，说明需要通过研究和实践获得，F选项This knowledge对应上文knowing how to care for a sad person。故F选项“这些知识是通过研究和实践获得的”符合语境，故选F。
37．根据上文“Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care.(给一个拥抱。拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心)”以及后文“This can make them feel relaxed and open to you.(这会让他们感到放松，对你敞开心扉)”可知，拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心，所以当你对别人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖。故G选项“当你对别人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖”承接上文，指出拥抱某人的好处，符合语境，故选G。
38．根据后文“Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like “I’m here”, “we are in this together”, “you’ll get over this”, “lean on me” and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you’re there to take him/her through the sad moment.(现在，继续说几句好话吧。像“我在这里”、“我们在一起”、“你会挺过来的”、“依靠我”之类的话，可以帮助悲伤的人感觉好一点，让他们知道你会陪着他/她度过悲伤的时刻)”可知，本段主要关于对别人说一些暖心的话语，故A选项“说些亲切的爱的话”符合语境，故选A。
39．根据上文“Use the right tone of voice.(使用正确的语气)”以及后文“They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener.(它们配合语气向听者传达意思)”可知，后文提到言语配合语气向听者传达意思，说明不是孤立的，D选项words对应后文they。故D选项“记住，言语不是孤立的”符合语境，故选D。
40．根据上文“After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time.(问完问题后，耐心地听，知道那个悲伤的人当时会感激什么)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明倾听的作用：帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助，故E选项“它将帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助”符合语境，故选E。
4.【2023届吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校高三第四次模拟】
Nightmares(噩梦) are more common in childhood, but anywhere from 50% to 85% of adults report having occasional nightmares. Almost everyone can experience nightmares and it influences our sleep quality. ____16____
Establish good sleeping habits.
____17____ Develop one by exercising, setting regular sleep and waking times. Remember to engage in relaxing activities. Ensure your room is dark and cool.
Cut back on alcohol.
A lot of people use alcohol as a way to wind down and feel sleepy at the end of the day, but it’s really not the right solution. ____18____
Journal your worries.
Journaling can help you release your anxieties. Write down your worries to get them all out ahead of time, lest they rear their disquieting heads(蠢蠢欲动)at night. Journnaling can be helpful for alleviating nightmares and stress in general.
Don’t watch or read scary content before bed.
Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your dreams. ____19____ Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise to upsetting dreams than looking through pictures from your last vacation with your family.
____20____
Silence is key to a good sleep. But for people who either don’t like it to be completely quiet or who are awakened by noises that they can’t control during the night, background noise is a good way. Try a fan or a white noise machine or an app.
A．Use a white noise machine.
B．Practice stress-relieving activities.
C．A healthy sleep routine begets sound sleep.
D．Instead, try herbal teas and other drinks aiding sleep.
E．How can we reduce nightmares and improve our sleep
F．During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.
G．Dreams and rapid eye movement sleep is essential for memory improvement.
【答案】16．E 17．C 18．D 19．F 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍克服成人噩梦，获得更好睡眠的的5种方法。
16．根据上文提示“Nightmares(噩梦) are more common in childhood, but anywhere from 50% to 85% of adults report having occasional nightmares. Almost everyone can experience nightmares and it influences our sleep quality.”（噩梦在童年时期更常见，但50%到85%的成年人偶尔会做噩梦。几乎每个人都会做噩梦，它会影响我们的睡眠质量。）可知，下文应该在说如何减少噩梦，提高睡眠质量。承接上文，E项How can we reduce nightmares and improve our sleep （我们怎样才能减少噩梦，改善睡眠呢？）切题，且下文本段都是一条关于减少噩梦，改善睡眠的建议。故选E。
17．根据本段标题“Establish good sleeping habits.(养成良好的睡眠习惯。)”可知，本段主要讲要养成好的睡眠习惯，根据下文提示“Develop one by exercising, setting regular sleep and waking times.”（通过锻炼，设定有规律的睡眠和起床时间来培养一个（好的睡眠习惯）。）可知，介绍了如何养成好的睡眠习惯。C项“A healthy sleep routine begets sound sleep.”（健康的睡眠习惯会带来良好的睡眠。）引起下文，“A healthy sleep routine”呼应标题中的“good sleeping habits”，且下文的“one”指代选项中的“A healthy sleep routine”。故选C。
18．根据上文提示“A lot of people use alcohol as a way to wind down and feel sleepy at the end of the day, but it’s really not the right solution.”（很多人在一天结束的时候用酒精来放松和感到困倦，但这真的不是正确的解决方案。），可知，要缩减酒精，用其他有益睡眠的饮料代替。承接上文，D项“Instead, try herbal teas and other drinks aiding sleep.”（相反，尝试草药茶和其他有助于睡眠的饮料。）切题。D项中的Instead与上文构成转折。故选D。
19．根据上文提示“Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your dreams.”（睡前观看的任何令人兴奋或不安的内容都会出现在你的梦中。）可知，睡觉前看那些好的或不好的消息都会出现在你的梦中，再根据下文提示“Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise to upsetting dreams than looking through pictures from your last vacation with your family.”（阅读新闻媒体，然后跳到床上，比浏览上次和家人度假的照片更容易引发令人不安的梦。）可知，阅读这些新闻使你不安，这说明阅读的新闻是不好的消息，由此可知，F项“During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.”（在大流行病期间，甚至我们的日常生活看起来也相当可怕。）符合，引起下文，新闻媒体播放的那些消息正是疫情期间那些人们可怕的生活，即下文“the news media”内容指的是“even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary”。故选F。
20．该空是小标题，应用祈使句，剩下的选项中只有A项是祈使句，再根据该段内容“Silence is key to a good sleep. But for people who either don’t like it to be completely quiet or who are awakened by noises that they can’t control during the night, background noise is a good way. Try a fan or a white noise machine or an app.”（安静是好睡眠的关键。但对于那些不喜欢完全安静的人，或者那些在晚上被无法控制的噪音吵醒的人来说，背景噪音是一个好方法。试试风扇、白噪音机或应用程序。）可知，有些人睡觉时喜欢有噪音。由此可知，A项“Use a white noise machine.”（使用白噪音机。）切题。故选A。
5.【2023届辽宁省丹东市高三总复习质量测试（二）】
“The peach tree beams so red. How brilliant are its flowers. The maiden’s getting wed. Good for the nuptial bowers.” This is a verse(诗句) in Shijing, the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, describing a young woman getting married in a cheerful spring. ___16___.
Peach blossom is a significant element in Chinese culture as it is a symbol of love and well-being, as well as a sign of spring and vitality.
___17___. According to archaeologists(考古学家) from Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the ancient Chinese in the lower reaches of Yangtze River already knew how to cultivate peaches 7,500 years ago. Until today, the deciduous tree has earned its place in agriculture, literature and horticulture.
From south to north, many cities, regions and gardens hold their own peach blossom festivals every spring. ___18___. Nyingchi peach blossom festival in southwest China’s Tibet Autonomous Region is one of the most popular events. Unlike the cultivated species in gardens, the peach trees here are a wild species called Prunus mira, or Tibetan peach. ___19___. The altitude there is around 2000-3400 meters above sea level, hence they are more cold-resistant and also taller.
Flowering is not just about plants themselves. It’s also about how people approach their lives. ___20___. In some places, appreciating the luxuriant bursts of flowers has been turned into a tourist hotspot and thus an economic drive.
A．Peaches originate in China
B．The species can be found in the valleys or hills
C．Chinese people often say “to have peach blossom luck”
D．Today, watching flowers has become a popular outdoor activity across China
E．The lovely flowers on the peach tree are produced in early spring before the leaves
F．They attract many people to enjoy the eye-catching peach flowers and boost local tourism
G．Since then, peach blossom has been associated with the beauty and romance of young girls
【答案】16．G 17．A 18．F 19．B 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了桃花在中国文化里的重要意义，自《诗经》开始就用来形容美丽年轻的女孩，而原产于中国的桃树和桃花除了带来浪漫的诗意，还有各地的繁花似锦的桃花节，也带动了旅游经济的发展。
16．根据前文“The peach tree beams so red. How brilliant are its flowers. The maiden’s getting wed. Good for the nuptial bowers. (桃之夭夭，灼灼其华。之子于归，宜其室家。)”引用《诗经》里《桃夭》讲述了桃花在中国文化里的渊源，由此可推知，设空句应呼应主题，进一步解释总结桃花在中国文化里的意义。选项G“Since then, peach blossom has been associated with the beauty and romance of young girls(从那时起，桃花就与年轻女孩的美丽和浪漫联系在一起)”符合分析。故选G项。
17．设空为该段的主旨句，结合后文“According to archaeologists from Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the ancient Chinese in the lower reaches of Yangtze River already knew how to cultivate peaches 7,500 years ago.(据浙江省文物考古研究所的考古学家介绍，7500年前，长江下游的中国人就已经知道如何种植桃子了。)”讲述了桃子的起源，由此可推知，该段的主旨是桃树起源于中国。选项A“Peaches originate in China(桃子原产于中国)”符合分析。故选A项。
18．根据前文“From south to north, many cities, regions and gardens hold their own peach blossom festivals every spring.(从南到北，许多城市、地区和花园每年春天都会举办自己的桃花节。)”提及的该段的主题“桃花节”，由此可推知，设空句应呼应主题“桃花节”以及其意义。选项F“They attract many people to enjoy the eye-catching peach flowers and boost local tourism(它们吸引了许多人来欣赏引人注目的桃花，并促进了当地的旅游业)”中主语“They”呼应前文的“桃花节”，讲述了其经济意义，符合分析。故选F项。
19．根据前文“Unlike the cultivated species in gardens, the peach trees here are a wild species called Prunus mira, or Tibetan peach.(与花园里栽培的桃树不同，这里的桃树是一种野生品种，叫做Prunus mira，或者叫藏桃。)”以及后文“The altitude there is around 2000-3400 meters above sea level, hence they are more cold-resistant and also taller.(海拔在2000-3400米左右，因此它们更耐寒，也更高。)”可知，前后句的话题都是“藏桃”，因此可推知，设空句应与该话题有关，承接前文讲述该品种与其他品种的不同之处。选项B“The species can be found in the valleys or hills(这个品种可以在山谷或山上找到)”中“The species”呼应话题，讲述了其生长地，与前后文在句意逻辑上衔接紧密，符合分析。故选B项。
20．根据前文“It’s also about how people approach their lives.(这也关系到人们如何对待自己的生活。)”讲述了花对于人的重要意义，由此可推知，设空句紧跟其后讲述该重要意义的具体表现。选项D“Today, watching flowers has become a popular outdoor activity across China(如今，赏花已成为一项风靡中国的户外活动)”讲到了具体表现“出门赏花”，且在逻辑上与后文“appreciating the luxuriant bursts of flowers(欣赏繁花似锦)”衔接紧密。故选D项。
真题感知
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36. You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37. Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38.
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39. That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法,其中包括列举自己的优点、列举自己做过的好事、让别人写下自己的优点等。
36.D 根据空前“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错) is human.”(为错误负责是积极的一步,但不要为错误而过分自责。孰能无过。)可知,作者认为人都会犯错,勇于承担责任固然重要,但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.”(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)中的do this以及下文内容可推断,空处内容应该和“不要太自责”相似。选项D “It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.”与“不要太自责”语义相近,起承上启下的作用。故选D。
37.B 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading ‘Personal strengths.’”及其空后“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around ”可知,空处指的是列出你个性中的优点。选项B “Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.”符合上下文内容,下文内容具体解释哪些是优点。故选B。
38.F 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading ‘Acts of kindness.’ On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.”(在第二页的顶部,写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上,列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候,当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候,或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)可知,本段主要讲述的是列出自己所做的好事。选项F “Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.”与上文内容一致,讲述的是不管你所做的事情有多小,只要是好的事情,都记下来。故选F。
39.C 根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.”(那样,你们就可以交换意见,谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同,以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)可知,空处提到了某种情况,这可以让你们互相交换意见。选项C “They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能更想试一试做这个练习。)”符合语境,C项中的they与空前的a friend or family member保持一致。故选C。
40.G 根据空后内容“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.”(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)可知,作者认为犯错并不是性格中固有的一面,我们是通过错误来成长的。选项G “Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.”符合语境。故选G。
2.[2023·全国甲卷]
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tricks to becoming a patient person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. 36.
In the Digital Age,we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.
However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practise gratitude(感激).
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 37. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
●Make yourself wait.
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. 38. Put off watching your favourite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
●39.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “40. ” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A.Find your causes.
B.Start with small tasks.
C.Accept the uncomfortable.
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry.
E.It can also help us practise more patience.
F.This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.
G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成为一个有耐心的人的技巧。
36.G 该空前提出了一个问题,并表示,这个问题有一个答案,设问是为了引出话题:如何成为一个有耐心的人。由此可知,本空是问题的答案,即这三个情境的共性。G项“They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.” (这些都是我们可以多花一点额外的耐心的情况。)能够承接上文。故选G。
37.E 根据空前句“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.”可知,这些都是感激的益处。空后“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control…”提出表现感激之情可以培养自我控制,故空处同样是在说感激的益处,即能够让我们更加有耐心。故选项E“It can also help us practise more patience.”(它也可以帮助我们培养更多耐心。)符合语境,故选E。
38.B 根据空后内容“Put off watching your favourite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.”可知,把看你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末,或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕。这些都是实际生活中的小任务。B项“Start with small tasks.”(从小任务开始。)可以引出下文。故选B。
39.C 根据空后句“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”可知,我们中的很多人都相信,舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态,当我们经历了舒适区之外的一些事情时,我们会对环境感到不耐烦。空处是段落主题句,统领后文。 分析选项可知,C项“Accept the uncomfortable.”(接受不舒服。)统领下文。故选C。
40.F 根据空前“…when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”及空后“You’ll then gradually become more patient.”可知,空处承上启下,表明只有忍受这种不适的感受,才能变得更有耐心,而且这种不适并不是无法忍受的。故选项F“This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.”(这只是令人不舒服的,而不是无法忍受的。)符合语境。故选F。
3.2022年全国甲卷
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. C 39. G 40. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
36. D 根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。
37. F 根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。
38. C 根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
39. G根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
40. B根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
4.2022年全国乙卷
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___36___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___37___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· ___39___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】36. D 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
36. D上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
37. E上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。）对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
38. G下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
39. A 分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
40. F设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。考点1 阅读七选五
阅读七选五之利用词汇关系（核心考点精讲精练）
巧用词汇复现解题
词汇复现法是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同位置反复出现。在做题时考生要注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
【方法指导】
【典例1】[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【典例2】 (2022·全国乙卷·节选)
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 ．There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts. ____1____
Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch. ____2____ Some social media sites use those likes to determine how many people eventually see a post. One with many likes is more likely to be seen-and to get even more likes.
What’s more, viewing posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in our brain. ____3____ For example, posts related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink. That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do.
____4____ And not always in a good way. For example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around. Researchers also looked at the teens’ brains during this task. They saw activity in a part of the brain that’s involved in rewards, which suggests the teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval.
Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are. ____5____
A．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
G．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
根据代词指代信息解题
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或起名词作用的短语、分句或句子，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。代词指代一定要注意两种情况：一是选项中的代词要特别关注，二是空格后面的句子中的代词要特别关注。
【方法指导】
【典例1】（2023年新高考I卷）You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【典例2】(2022·全国甲卷·节选)
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 ．
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
[2023·江苏省苏北七市高三二模]
Conscious (有意识的) living is not just a trend. ____1____ It is about being intentional with everything you do — your words, actions, beliefs, habits, and choices. Accepting conscious living takes some effort, but it is worthwhile. Here are some ways you can achieve this goal.
●Be conscious about your time.
Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again. ____2____ If you waste your precious hours doing negative things, you will regret it later. The first step for living consciously is to be wise about your time. Be selective about things you spend it on, and allocate (分配) it for positive activities.
●____3____
You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. It is easier said than done because most people fail to make an effort to know themselves. Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest, and forgiving.
●Learn to be grateful.
Gratitude takes you a long way towards conscious living. It opens you up to a happier and a fulfilled mindset. Most people are unhappy because they see only the negatives in life. However, everyone has something to be grateful for. Writing a gratitude journal is a good start for counting your blessings. ____4____
●Believe in yourself.
It is the key to making the right choices, yet not regretting the wrong ones. ____5____ Spending time alone and thinking deeply are effective measures that enable you to identify the inner voice. Care for it and follow it to make it stronger down the line.
Conscious living is a skill you need to learn as you go, so be willing to make the effort and master it. You will absorb it soon and be a happier person in the long run.
A．Know yourself better.
B．Accept the person you are.
C．Life can be a lot better with the right decisions.
D．It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy.
E．Pick it as a daily habit, and you will notice the difference.
F．The way you spend your time determines the course of your life.
G．The best way to build self-belief is by reflecting on your own thoughts.
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】
Living in the moment is not always easy. Sometimes our thoughts are overwhelmed by regrets about past events or anxiety about the future, which can make it hard to enjoy the present. If you are having a hard time living in the moment, there are some simple strategies that may help.
●Change a routine.___16___One way that you can become more aware is to change up your routine. You can do something as simple as changing the way that you drive to work or changing the way you introduce yourself.
●Learn how to meditate (冥想). Meditation is a great way to train your brain to live in the moment. Learning to meditate takes time, practice, and guidance. ___17___. If no classes are available, you can also buy CDs that will help you learn how to meditate.
●Be grateful for breaks. Instead of becoming impatient when you have to wait for something, practise being grateful for the extra time to notice your surroundings.___18___For example, if you have to wait in a long line to purchase your morning coffee, take that time to observe your surroundings. As you do so, think about what you are grateful for in that moment.
●___19___Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by refocusing your attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show kindness to others. The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings.
●Smile and laugh more often. Living in the moment can be a challenge if you are in a bad mood or just feeling a little down, but smiling and laughing can make you feel better even you force yourself to smile and laugh.___20___
A．Do kind things for others.
B．You’d better find a meditation class in your area.
C．Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time.
D．To get started with meditation, find a quiet spot and get comfortable.
E．Being grateful is an important principle of life and a great wisdom.
F．You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your life.
G．Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away.
2.【2023届湖北省高三3月第二次适应性英语模拟测试】
You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is, “So, what do you want to be ” ____16____ But many of you still don’t have a clue! Here are some things you might want to consider.
First, does the career you are considering have staying power Will it be in demand in 20 years Rapid technological change is disruptive (破坏性的). ____17____ While many occupations are being taken over by new technology, jobs that require high-level of critical thinking, emotional intelligence and human interaction, remain in high demand. These jobs are more adaptable and not easily replaced by machines or technology.
Second, choose a career that interests you. Some people might think this is unimportant, but if you are truly passionate about your job then going to work every day won’t seem a chore. It’s also likely that you will stay and grow in this career. Before making a choice, you should examine your values, skills and personality type. ____18____
Third, of course you will want to consider your chosen profession’s earning power! Although high pay plays a part, you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress. ____19____ If you have interests outside of work, or are struggling with other demands in your life, you might want to choose a less taxing line of work.
____20____ Let me leave you with an old saying: “Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. “
A．We need to be forward-looking at our future prospects.
B．Some of you may have already decided on a career path.
C．Trying different work can help you find out your favorite job.
D．This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you.
E．Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges.
F．People’s wages are lower in industries with slow technological change.
G．Thinking about a life-long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging.
3.【2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期5月第二次联考】
Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with. ____36____ Here are a few tips that will eventually help you lift the spirit of a sad person.
Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care. ____37____ This can make them feel relaxed and open to you. This can also help them recognize that you are there to help them go through this moment. With no kind and loving words, your actions have already said a lot.
____38____ Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like “I’m here”, “we are in this together”, “you’ll get over this”, “lean on me” and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you’re there to take him/her through the sad moment.
Use the right tone of voice. ____39____ They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener. To convey your words with faith that would create a positive effect on the sad person, you would need to say it with the right tone of voice.
Listen patiently. People ask lots of questions but they end up paying little attention to getting the feedback (反馈) that they wanted. Don’t be that person. After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time. ____40____
A．Say kind loving words.
B．Make use of polite expressions.
C．Then choose to appreciate others too.
D．Remember that words do not stand alone.
E．It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help.
F．This knowledge is gained through research and practice.
G．When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth.
4.【2023届吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校高三第四次模拟】
Nightmares(噩梦) are more common in childhood, but anywhere from 50% to 85% of adults report having occasional nightmares. Almost everyone can experience nightmares and it influences our sleep quality. ____16____
Establish good sleeping habits.
____17____ Develop one by exercising, setting regular sleep and waking times. Remember to engage in relaxing activities. Ensure your room is dark and cool.
Cut back on alcohol.
A lot of people use alcohol as a way to wind down and feel sleepy at the end of the day, but it’s really not the right solution. ____18____
Journal your worries.
Journaling can help you release your anxieties. Write down your worries to get them all out ahead of time, lest they rear their disquieting heads(蠢蠢欲动)at night. Journnaling can be helpful for alleviating nightmares and stress in general.
Don’t watch or read scary content before bed.
Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your dreams. ____19____ Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise to upsetting dreams than looking through pictures from your last vacation with your family.
____20____
Silence is key to a good sleep. But for people who either don’t like it to be completely quiet or who are awakened by noises that they can’t control during the night, background noise is a good way. Try a fan or a white noise machine or an app.
A．Use a white noise machine.
B．Practice stress-relieving activities.
C．A healthy sleep routine begets sound sleep.
D．Instead, try herbal teas and other drinks aiding sleep.
E．How can we reduce nightmares and improve our sleep
F．During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.
G．Dreams and rapid eye movement sleep is essential for memory improvement.
5.【2023届辽宁省丹东市高三总复习质量测试（二）】
“The peach tree beams so red. How brilliant are its flowers. The maiden’s getting wed. Good for the nuptial bowers.” This is a verse(诗句) in Shijing, the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, describing a young woman getting married in a cheerful spring. ___16___.
Peach blossom is a significant element in Chinese culture as it is a symbol of love and well-being, as well as a sign of spring and vitality.
___17___. According to archaeologists(考古学家) from Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the ancient Chinese in the lower reaches of Yangtze River already knew how to cultivate peaches 7,500 years ago. Until today, the deciduous tree has earned its place in agriculture, literature and horticulture.
From south to north, many cities, regions and gardens hold their own peach blossom festivals every spring. ___18___. Nyingchi peach blossom festival in southwest China’s Tibet Autonomous Region is one of the most popular events. Unlike the cultivated species in gardens, the peach trees here are a wild species called Prunus mira, or Tibetan peach. ___19___. The altitude there is around 2000-3400 meters above sea level, hence they are more cold-resistant and also taller.
Flowering is not just about plants themselves. It’s also about how people approach their lives. ___20___. In some places, appreciating the luxuriant bursts of flowers has been turned into a tourist hotspot and thus an economic drive.
A．Peaches originate in China
B．The species can be found in the valleys or hills
C．Chinese people often say “to have peach blossom luck”
D．Today, watching flowers has become a popular outdoor activity across China
E．The lovely flowers on the peach tree are produced in early spring before the leaves
F．They attract many people to enjoy the eye-catching peach flowers and boost local tourism
G．Since then, peach blossom has been associated with the beauty and romance of young girls
真题感知
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36. You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37. Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38.
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39. That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
2.[2023·全国甲卷]
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tricks to becoming a patient person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. 36.
In the Digital Age,we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.
However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practise gratitude(感激).
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 37. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
●Make yourself wait.
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. 38. Put off watching your favourite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
●39.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “40. ” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A.Find your causes.
B.Start with small tasks.
C.Accept the uncomfortable.
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry.
E.It can also help us practise more patience.
F.This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.
G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.
3.2022年全国甲卷
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
4.2022年全国乙卷
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___36___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___37___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· ___39___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
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