08 阅读理解之七选五
七选五应对策略分析
规律1：段首设空——段落主题+承上启下
策略1：把握形似, 确定语段标题句
【典题示例】
· 37
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
·Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
【思路分析】本题考查对段落小标题的选择。首先根据下文的另一个小标题· Recall(回忆)your childhood memories(祈使句), 可以将选择范围缩小到A项和B项之间, 再根据段落中的there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. 可以发现该段主要是分析从事园艺的原因, 故选 A 。
策略2：根据一致, 确定段落主题句
【典题示例】 (2021·全国乙卷·节选)
36 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查段落主题句。从本段中的“if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time”, 及“be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知本段主要谈论了走出了自己的舒适区, 或者第一次走进别人的家里, 敢于冒险, 尝试不同的食物, 和陌生人交谈。选项“B. The first step is to go exploring”符合语境。故选 B 。
策略3：瞻前顾后, 确定段落过渡句
【典题示例】 (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
Swap, Don’t Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor
16 . It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
【思路分析】本题考查段落过渡句。本题前段尾句问“那么, 该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的虽完好但可能有点厌倦的衣服呢 ”, 后句提到“这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服并同时开派对的最好方法”, B选项“进行衣物交换”是对前句的回答, 同时引起下文, 故选 B 。
规律2：段中设空——“七种关系”助力解题
通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查要点有: 总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构: first, second, then, next, later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what’s more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing. . . for another等, 这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用, 是解题时需要重点关注的部分。
策略1：根据总分关系确定答案
【典题示例】
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
F. After the trip, my family became interested in camping.
【思路分析】本题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“我们睡在帐篷里、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知, 这次野营比较艰难, 设空处是总体评价, 后面是详细描述。故选 C 。
策略2：根据解释关系确定答案
【典题示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查解释关系。设空前介绍法国咖啡厅常常很拥挤, 设空处“并非所有的顾客都是游客”符合语境, 空后通过设问“这些人什么时候工作呢 ”, 用回答该问题的方式来解释为什么当地人有时间享受咖啡馆生活。故选 A 。
策略3：根据例证关系确定答案
【典题示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes, ” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查例证关系。本段句首提出观点: “可是, 这个地方并不完全像地道的巴黎”, 接下来要举例说明, 再结合空前一句讲的是“管道正常工作”, 空后一句讲的是“甚至还有小电梯”, 本句内容应该涉及房子的好处“公寓里有不错的厨房和舒适的床”, 故选 C 。
策略4：根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词有: but但是, however/whereas然而, nevertheless仍然, 然而, 不过, nonetheless尽管如此, 依然, 然而, still还; 然而, though可是, 不过, 然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾, 不管, at any rate无论如何, 至少, in any case无论如何, 不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么, on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来, 比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则; 除此以外, not. . . but不是……而是, as well也等。
【典题示例】 (2021·浙江高考·节选)
“I often send postcards to family and friends. ” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. 32 ”Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo’s hunch (直觉)paid off.
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查转折关系。设空处前一句的句意为“过了一段时间你会发现自己收到的明信片没有发出去的多”。设空处后一句的句意为“然而, Paulo没有放弃自己的爱好, 而是采取了网络的方式”根据逻辑判断, 设空处应与其前一句构成转折关系, 意为“那完全不成问题”。故选 A 。
策略5：根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连词有as a result/consequently结果, thus/therefore因此, so (such). . . that. . . 如此……以至于……等。
【典题示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查因果关系。根据空后的句子中的So可知, 该句与设空处是因果关系。F项“我们的目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。故选 F 。
策略6：根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连词有: also也, 而且, further另外(地), furthermore而且, 此外, likewise同样地, 照样地; 也, 又, similarly相似地, 类似地, moreover而且, 再者, 此外, in addition另外, 加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也, 还, either也, neither两者都不, not only. . . but also不但……而且等。
【典题示例】 (2021·浙江高考·节选)
Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 34 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken.
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查递进关系。As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. “虽然收到一张汉语卡片很酷, 但如果你不懂汉语, 你就看不懂意思”, 而F项Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. “同样, 如果你只会说中文, 收到一张瑞典语的卡片也会让你失去一部分乐趣”与前句构成递进关系。故选 F 。
策略7：根据并列关系确定答案
【典题示例】 (2021·全国乙卷·节选)
38 What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 39 .
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查并列关系。空处与空格前的“If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ”构成并列句中的选择关系, 并与首句中“won’t stop talking”呼应, 故E项(或者把谈话变成一个他们无话可说的话题)符合语境。故选 E 。
规律3：段尾设空——“总结概括”+“过渡衔接”
策略1：利用主题句或总结句确定答案
【典题示例】 (2021·浙江高考·节选)
You’ve got mail. . . and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. 31
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查段落总结句。前面提到Paulo Magalhaes 喜欢世界各地明信片的内容“罗马圆形大剧场的彩色图片, 或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布, 或者是中国的长城”, 设空处对上文进行总结“总之, 他喜欢明信片……”。故选 G 。
策略2：利用段落过渡句确定答案
【典题示例】
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. The trip they took me on was a rough one. We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
【思路分析】本题考查段落过渡句。文章首段是说“如果三年前有人告诉我以后大部分的周末时间都会露营, 我会放声大笑。”而设空处后面讲的是“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这注定是一次具有开创性的露营。”两段内容上有转折关系, 所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句“然而, 自从那时以来我学到了很多有关露营的知识。”故选 D 。
策略3：利用补充信息句确定答案
【典题示例】
●Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 .
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
【思路分析】本题考查补充信息句。本段主要讲的是: 不要把个人信息和经历告诉教授, 如果你需要延长最后期限, 只需要向教授解释处境即可。最后应该补充说明: 如果需要了解更多信息, 他们会询问的。故选 C 。
规律4：词汇复现法——破解语篇衔接难题
策略1：原词复现法
【典题示例】 (2021·全国乙卷·节选)
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). 40 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it. ”
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查原词复现。根据段落主题句可知, 本段主要讲面对“other dinner-party killer: awkward silence(宴会杀手: 尴尬的沉默)”我们该怎么办。由“the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment”和G选项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人)”中的“He or she(指代host)”及“awkwardness(原词复现)”可知G项符合语境。故选 G 。
策略2：代词复现法
it可指代单数名词、不可数名词或整个句子; they或them指代复数名词; one指代单数可数名词; that指代不可数名词或句子; this指代单数名词或句子; these或those指代前句的复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。
【典题示例】 (2021·全国乙卷·节选)
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 37 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. ” It just opens up conversation.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查代词复现。从此空后的标点符号可推知此空应该填入一个从句。再根据后面句子it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. ” (它可以带来“我有一辆旧的, 坏了的车”或者“我和这些疯狂的人一起坐在公共汽车上, 他们在后面笑着愚蠢的笑话”的回答)中的it代指前面提出的问题, 可知C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”(如果你问“你怎么来的 ”)符合语境。故选 C 。
策略3：派生复现法
【典题示例】
40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【思路分析】本题考查派生复现。下文中的“beneficial”与 D 项中的“benefit”属于同根词, 属于派生词重复信息。
策略4：同义复现法
【典题示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查同义复现。G项中的delicious与设空前的great形成同义词复现关系, 而且空后又具体例证了巴黎人吃的食物很美味。故选 G 。
策略5：反义复现法
【典题示例】 (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
·Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. 17 , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【思路分析】 本题考查反义复现。本题要求选择一个半句, 与下文的“more than that. . . ”形成对比, 要有less than that, less与more构成反义词, 句意: 人比这少, 可能没有足够的东西可供选择; 人比这多, 它变得无法控制。其中, 选项A中的that指代前文的5—10 people, 故选 A 。
名校资源学练
1
Let us look at what makes an effective persuasive speech.
Choose a good topic.
First, you should choose a topic you know something about or have researched well to prepare for your speech. Make sure it is a subject about which people have different opinions. 1
It is also best to choose a subject your listeners care about or can act on. 2 You can expect that they care about how the town appears, or that they can change their actions. So, giving a speech about why littering harms your town’s appearance might persuade people who do it to stop.
3
You should consider your listeners as you plan your speech. What do they value Thinking of the things your listeners value will help you form arguments in your speech. If you want them to stop eating unhealthy foods, for example, you may appeal to the value of their appearance. You will talk about how healthy foods result in good-looking skin and an attractive body.
Prepare your argument.
4 We use Greek words to describe them because the ancient Greeks developed and appealed to these ideas. They are:
Ethos—appeal to the listeners’ ethics or morals.
Pathos—appeal to the listeners’ emotions.
Logos—appeal to the listeners’ logic or intelligence.
Organize your speech.
You should make an outline of your speech. Start with an attention-getting statement. Then explain your main idea and give evidence to support your argument. List the points you want to make and think of how to answer arguments against your position.
Finish with a call to action—what do you want your listeners to do 5 Do not plan to read the speech word-for-word from a paper.
A. Know your audience.
B. Make the theme clear.
C. What will you do if you fail
D. Do you see people in your town littering
E. It would not be logical to speak about a fact recognized by everybody.
F. There are three common ways to persuade people of your way of thinking.
G. Finally, practice at home until you need only a note card with your main points on it when you give the speech.
2
Have you imagined making an attractive garden which will be the reason for your neighbors’ envy
6 But not every one of them has the talent for making it happen. However, if there’s one thing they DO know, it’s how to make a simple cup of tea. As for the used teabags, most of them find they’re on the landfill site, but no longer! Your used teabag can work wonders in your garden by your simply burying it. 7 Continue to read what it does.
If you have ever tried to grow some seedlings (幼苗), then you know that this can be quite challenging. Not all seeds can grow into seedlings, even though you have tried so hard. But don’t worry. Here is good news. 8 And what you need just involves a used teabag.
By burying a teabag in your garden, you will provide nutrition to the soil, offering necessary food to the plants. In this way, your plants will be healthier and grow quicker. This is because tea works as a natural fertilizer (肥料) for the soil. The teabag itself is usually made from fibres from the abaca plant, which is a type of banana plant. The bag breaks down with its contents. 9
If you bury a teabag close to the roots of your plants, it will help store water in the soil. If there’s one thing important for plants, it’s water! What’s more, weeds are not wanted in your garden. 10 By burying a used teabag in the earth, you’ll make it a lot harder for the weeds to grow alongside your healthy plants.
A. A teabag is a great answer.
B. It does work though it sounds strange.
C. Making a beautiful garden requires efforts.
D. A beautiful garden is something most people enjoy.
E. There is one way to help your seedlings grow better.
F. A simple teabag is likely to do wonders for your seeds.
G. That will create a healthy environment for plants to grow in.
3
（2023·四川巴中·统考一模）Friendship is a practice of unconditional love, an opportunity to grow together towards fulfillment (成就), and a journey to unfold the most precious capacities of a human being. 11 Here 4 key points to develop and sustain a true friendship.
12 Many times we blame the other person for what we feel, without realizing that we are presenting the bad power to him/her. This is not, however, something we must be afraid of or we should avoid. When we create a bond of affection with another human being, we are automatically vulnerable to the actions that are produced by this person. Being aware of that, we would be better off if we take responsibility and accept the emotions that come up in our inner world instead of blaming the other for what we are feeling.
Provide support and encouragement. Friendships aren’t all fun and games — they do require you put in some work. Say they’ve just quarreled with their parents or failed an exam. It’s your job to be there for them and provide them with whatever they need, starting with support and comfort. 13
Whatever the case, make it apparent that you’re rooting for them.
Seek the good of the other person. When we love another person, we seek the good of the other because we gladden their own happiness. Therefore, our seeking for the other person’s good is totally disinterested. We serve the other without expecting anything in return. 14
Accept the differences. 15 . Friendship welcomes differences and integrates them into a level of union that accepts and goes beyond them. Friendship involves recognizing that the value of the relationship is beyond our personal traits and belief system.
A. Be honest with each other.
B. Acts of love are made for its own sake.
C. Take responsibility of your own emotions.
D. Additionally, it’s your duty to give them encouragement as needed.
E. Human beings are relational beings, as everything we find in the nature.
F. Therefore, developing friendship with other people is essential in our lives.
G. Friendship doesn’t mean having the same interests, opinions and mindset as the other person.
4
（2023·四川攀枝花·统考二模）Social media has basically taken over almost everyday life for many people. They like to post videos online to share their life. But sometimes, if you post a video online and your video becomes popular, you may get comments from people who will always find something to complain about. They may spread gossip (流言蜚语) about you that isn’t true. Negative comments, if they are mishandled, can affect your reputation and mood. 16
First, respond positively and politely. Some people like your video while others don’t. No matter how negative the comment is, it’s best for you to give a positive and polite response. 17 . Don’t be angry, and stay calm, which helps you gain the upper hand.
Next, moving the conversation out of the public eye and into a private area is usually the best choice. 18 Instead, leave a comment for them, asking them to contact you to discuss the problem privately. This shows everyone that you are willing to solve the issue.
Finally, don’t reply if they try to start an argument. Often, keyboard warriors (键盘侠) are feeling bad about something in their own lives. 19 Avoid being negatively influenced by their comments. You totally have the right to delete anything that should not be on your social media page.
20 Just laugh them off and let them go. You can’t control what other people do. All you can do is keep posting and sharing positive things. When others can see that you are still living a good life, they will be encouraged by you.
A. So when should you ignore negative comments
B. Then how should we deal with negative comments
C. So keep it in mind that their comments have nothing to do with you.
D. How do you recover from those negative comments on social media
E. However, don’t send a direct message to the negative comment makers.
F. Each comment needs to be considered on the basis of facts and theories.
G. This shows that you care about everyone else on your social media page.
5
（2023·河北沧州·校考三模）Helping Your Kids to Be Interested in Sports
Being active and moving is something that is so important for us all, especially for children. 21 However, some parents can feel shocked when they see that their child isn’t interested in sports. So how can you encourage them to have ago
It is such a good idea to lead by example when you are a parent. This is true for a variety of aspects, but especially forgetting children involved in sport. 22 So you need to be someone who is interested and active, if you want any hope of them doing so too. If you lay on the couch all day then they will just learn to do that too.
23 Although they can choose who they want to support, seeing your enthusiasm for a particular player or team can be just what is needed to start their journey. You could look for a team uniform store to get them a sports shirt with their name on for example, as well as see the team play at one of their games. 24
If something is dull, it will be hard for children to be enthusiastic about it. This will make them resent(讨厌) it, which is not a good thing for later in life. If they show particular skill and learn to play sport, then more practice and training can come in. 25 When they can enjoy what they do, they will only see it as something fun to do, rather than what we as adults might see it as, such as a chore to burn calories.
Whatever sport your child chooses to play, encourage them and make it fun, and then it will be something that they will want to carry on doing as they go about the rest of their lives.
A. They won’t be interested in sports if you’re not.
B. here are some other tips that you would share with them.
C. Share your enthusiasm and it will help to lighten a passion.
D. So think about ways that can get them to be active in the sports.
E. How active a child is will impact their overall health and learning.
F. Apart from leading by example, you could also share your favorite team.
G. However, the main message forgetting children into sport is to keep it fun.
6
（2023·河北石家庄·正定一中校考模拟预测）Insecurities are negative thoughts that can cause you to doubt yourself. According to the American Psychological Association, being insecure can make it difficult for you to trust others, have healthy relationships, be confident of your abilities and reach for your goals. 26 .
Challenge negative self-talk. 27 . Then it’s important to start challenging it. For instance, if the voice is saying “Don’t try to dance because you’re a horrible dancer and everyone will laugh at you”, tell yourself “I’m going to dance because I love dancing and the only thing I care about is having fun”.
28 . People who struggle with confidence tend to have a bias (偏见) about everything they believe they cannot do. Instead, focus your attention toward the things you do well and the areas in which you would like to continue to improve.
Channel confidence. Try to channel times in your life when you were feeling confident and embody that feeling. 29 —it could be when you made a great presentation, gave an important speech, or managed a difficult conversation. Get back into that head space and see how your thought patterns and body language also radiate confidence.
Get comfortable with being uncomfortable. Stop avoiding things that make you uncomfortable. mit to doing something every day that pushes you to grow and become a stronger person.
A. Focus on your strengths
B. Follow your inner voices confidently
C. Instead, take action to prevent those consequences
D. Fortunately, you can help yourself feel less insecure
E. For example, think about the time when you were proud of yourself
F. Instead, start dealing with the things that scare you and facing the unknown
G. Sometimes, you may get aware of the inner voice that’s putting doubts in your mind
7
（2023·四川绵阳·四川省绵阳南山中学校考模拟预测）Gardening may be one of the most relaxing hobbies you’ll find, with the excitement of seeing something you have planted actually turn into a flower. But if you’ve been holding back because you don’t have a yard, then you’re missing out a lot. 31
Container gardening is the most obvious way to plant when you don’t have a ton of space. If you can get a container regardless of its size, you can have a garden. 32 Even a small pot with a brightly colored flower or bushy green plants can give your entryway a pop of color.
33 Grow climbing plants on a fence or the posts over your doorway to decorate the side of your home. Plenty of plants are happy to grow up instead of out, so you can have some greenery without a traditional garden.
Have an apartment or townhouse Then consider outdoor window boxes that you access from inside. 34 And they give you plenty of options to plant bright blooms or fresh herbs within reach-plus they give your home some added appeal at the same time.
There’s probably still one room where you haven’t thought of putting some plants: Your bathroom. Even if yours doesn’t get much light, a wall-mounted garden can still grow well. 35 They will give your bathroom a more natural, earthy feel.
A. These require, no ground space at all.
B. When plants get enough sunlight, they grow better.
C. If you’re really short of space, think height instead.
D. They can add some green to the inside of your home.
E. Bigger pots give you space to grow several different flowers.
F. In fact, there are plenty of easy ways to get the joy of gardening.
G. Plants that do well in shady and wet environments are the best choice.
8
（2023·江西·濂溪一中校联考模拟预测）How to prepare for a thrilling hike Hiking needs mental and physical preparation weeks before the material day. If you’re a fan of hiking mountains. Here is a guide to help you.
Train hard and train in time
You need to train your body at least three months before the challenge. 36 You can start with baby steps and gradually take more demanding exercises and distance. You can often carry your hiking stick to promote stability. Keep track of your progress to help you achieve your goal.
Choose your clothes carefully
37 . Wear light absorbent pants to reduce friction and promote absorption of sweat. Long pants keep you safe from stinging weeds, insects and tough weather.
38
You must consider various factors before purchasing the most appropriate hiking shoes. First, mind the terrain (地形) of the hiking ground. A mild terrain will do fine with light shoes. On the other hand. A tough, hard and mountainous terrain require hardy hots to help navigate the rocky grounds.
Adequately pack your bag
Your bag is your lifeline when hiking. Water is the most essential itch when hiking. The body performs best when you hydrate frequently throughout the challenge. Carry adequate clean water and sip often. 39 These are primary tools to help you find your way, water points, emergency towers, and other places. Hope for the lest but always prepare for ever-agencies. Thus, ensure you have a flash light, a lighter and a whistle.
Hiking is a refreshing way of keeping fit, having fun and building resilience. 40
A. Choose appropriate footwear
B. Search for the route you will he hiking
C. Carry a compass, a map and a gas with you
D. Adequate water can help you be in good con lit ion
E. create a regular schedule and be disciplined to follow it
F. Wear appropriate clothes that allow your free movement
G. Adequate planning will help have a fantastic experience of it
9
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考三模）For decades, I was a hard drinker who could drink anyone under the table. This lasted from the age of 27 until after 50, a golden time during which I felt very sorry for ex-drinkers and people who couldn’t or wouldn’t drink. How did they make it through social situations, especially parties What did they do at the end of a workday to celebrate and relax 41
When I first tried to quit drinking myself in my early 50s, I wasn’t sure at first how it would work for me. But I did it anyway. 42 I was getting older. I had to concede that I wasn’t as tough as I used to be. Nights of drinking too much showed in my face, and I could feel it in my bones. I wanted to take care of myself. So for the next few years, I bounced between not drinking at all for months at a time, then slowly starting again until I had to quit again.
During these years, I didn’t love not drinking. But I had to admit that when I was off booze, I looked and felt better physically: I slept more deeply, had more energy, exercised more. My mind was clearer. My moods were brighter. Parties were hard, and so was cooking at the end of a day of writing without a glass of wine at my elbow. 43
I finally quit drinking for real almost four years ago, on 12 July 2019, when a writer friend stayed with my husband and me after his wife kicked him out. After my husband had gone upstairs to bed, my friend sat on our sofa drinking an entire bottle of gin, complaining about his fate, until he passed out next to our dog, whose bed that sofa was. 44 I didn’t have a drink the next night, or ever again since.
I’m not going to lie: being sober is not a hot-air balloon ride. 45 Having to feel my damn feelings without filters compels me to face and change the things in my life that keep me stuck. Hard work all around, but as my reward, I connect more deeply with the people I care about. I think of not drinking as a kindness I’ve given myself. And to my surprise, it’s rewarded me with true, hard-won happiness.
A. My body demanded it.
B. My health started improving rapidly.
C. It’s more like a hike in the mountains.
D. How did they quit drinking
E. It was a wake-up call.
F. But the pluses seemed to outweigh the minuses.
G. How did they get through life
10
（2023·浙江丽水·校联考三模）Garden lights are extremely important. 46 We have prepared the ultimate guide that aims to provide you with all the information that you could possibly need. So, what are you waiting for Let’s get started.
The first thing that you need to do is to use LED lights that are known for their low heat emission. It would also help reduce the attraction to flies or insects. 47 Hence, you need to go for a lower heat emissions option. The lights are good for the environment and help you save energy costs.
Next, you have to install light shields (保护罩) for creating a physical barrier between the outdoor elements and lights. By getting light shields, you get to increase the protection of your expensive outdoor lights. 48 Don’t forget to take the accurate measurement of the lights when shopping for light shields.
When it comes to using garden lights, location is everything. 49 You need to place the garden lights in a location where the outdoor lighting components would be protected from the elements. They should provide sufficient lighting and last a long time at the same time.
Finally, you also have to maintain the garden lights system for ensuring that it continues to be properly controlled. Regardless of which type of garden lights you get, you have to ensure that they are well maintained and serviced from time to time. 50 You have no excuse not to get them serviced.
A. It is not something that should be taken lightly.
B. Unexpected elements will cause damage to the lights.
C. It can be frustrating to see them taking over the lighting.
D. Place them in the correct position to work and last a long time.
E. They can make your garden area safer and more beautiful in no time.
F. You should seek help from a lighting professional for the best outcome.
G. They also help ensure the lights do not shine too bright in just one spot.
11
（2023·河南开封·统考模拟预测）A food allergy (过敏) is a medical condition that occurs when the body’s protection system perceives certain foods as a threat and responds to them with an allergic reaction.
51 . That’s because they account for around 90 per cent of food allergies in the country. And they are the ones most likely to cause a severe reaction. This group consists of eggs, milk, peanuts, fish, tree nuts and wheat.
Food allergies are often confused with food intolerance. But intolerance is a less serious condition that does not involve a response from the immune system. 52 . If you experience an extreme reaction, seek medical help immediately.
Symptoms (症状) of a food allergy. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. And they may differ each time a specific allergen appears. Symptoms can include: a skin rash or hives, swelling of the face or lips, or feeling lightheaded or dizzy. 53 . That can send the body into shock or make it difficult to breathe.
Treating a food allergy. For minor reactions, you can take some medicine. For severe reactions, however, turn to doctors for help.
54 . The only sure way to prevent an allergic reaction to food is to carefully avoid the allergens. This can be a difficult process. That requires patients to carefully study food labels to ensure the food is safe for them. 55 . So it’s necessary to inform family or friends of the food that can cause a food allergy.
A. Avoiding harm from allergy
B. Preventing an allergic reaction
C. Not everyone knows what a food allergy is
D. Many people do not understand the severity of the issue
E. The best way to handle a food allergy is to avoid such foods
F. For some people, certain allergens can bring a severe reaction
G. Certain foods are considered priority allergens by Health Canada
12
（2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江中学校考三模）Nowadays, many of us are finding ourselves tired out, struggling to build balance back into our lives. 56 Spending time near oceans, lakes, rivers and other bule spaces can provide a range of benefits including reducing anxiety, easing mental tiredness and refreshing us. Here is some advice on how to take advantage of the healing power of water.
57 You likely have some water close by, even if it is just a pond alongside the road. Start there. Then get out to water you can visit on the weekend or a vacation. Urban water counts—rivers, canals and fountains. 58 If you can’t get to actual water, then paintings, photographs, videos and movies can produce some of the same benefits. Even virtual reality helps.
Go often. A little bit makes a big difference. 59 But an environmental psychologist found that spending a similar amount of time near water has the same benefits. Even people who look into aquariums(水族箱) have lower heart rates and better moods after just 15 minutes.
Listen. One of the most calming characteristics of water is its sound, typically steady and soft. The water sounds people find having the strongest healing power are rain in a rainforest, waves patting a beach, and a running stream. When the sounds of living things are added to the sounds of water, people like them even better. Make an audio recording of your favorite water. 60
A. Remember that all water counts.
B. It will bring back happy memories.
C. Stay in a place surrounded by water.
D. According to researchers, water can help us.
E. So does domestic water-in pools, bathtubs, even by fish tanks.
F. Spending some time every day near water can speed up our recovery.
G. It takes at least two hours a week in nature to improve our well-being.
13
（2023·江苏·江苏省天一中学校考模拟预测）Scientists help to explain how the world around us works, and carry out experiments to create new things. To become a scientist, you need a college degree and various professional skills. 61
Understand scientist description and responsibilities. Scientists are responsible for examining and exploring different aspects of the physical world. All their exploration processes are done by following a set of rules known as the scientific method. 62 Of course, they also have different specific work responsibilities. If you want to be a scientist in a certain field, you need to continue to have a deep understanding of professional work responsibilities.
63 The influence of every profession is double-sided. As a scientist, it may bring you some achievements and benefits, but it also has some professional disadvantages. So before you want to be a scientist, you should have a detailed understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of scientists.
Go through college. 64 Overall studying is important to become a professional scientist. You can learn all kinds of related knowledge systematically at college and lay a solid foundation for your future career.
Get internship (实习) opportunities. Try to find part-time jobs during the university period. In this way, you can obtain real work experience while studying, which is very valuable for you and will definitely be helpful for your real career in the future. 65 When you find a relevant scientist job, apply for it.
A scientist’s career path is often the result of a series of chance meetings, unexpected events and changes in personal circumstances. You should not be afraid to follow your own unique route.
A. Try to avoid the influence of others.
B. Next, you will have detailed information.
C. So make use of your rich experience if any.
D. Think about whether it is worthwhile to be a scientist.
E. You can find such chances through special part-time websites.
F. Scientists in different fields may specialize in different subjects.
G. Systematic learning in university is the basis of becoming a scientist.
14
（2023·河南郑州·洛宁县第一高级中学校联考模拟预测）
Qualities That Can Easily Land You a Job
Dependability
Employees that can be relied on arrive at the office on time and put up consistent effort in all tasks. 66 . A dependable employee is given these tasks when an employer has a project or job that must be finished in a certain period of time and to a certain standard. Dependable workers constantly show their ability, which can result in pay increases and job advancements.
Problem-solving
Any organization can benefit from having employees who can make their own decisions and act quickly. 67 . Therefore, they need candidates who are not hesitant to take decisive action. Anyone seeking to advance into a management or leadership role must possess the ability to take action and accept responsibility for the results.
Adaptability
68 . Being adaptable focuses more on long-term changes that could have a large impact on a workplace. You are able to rapidly adapt to any changes, even when positions are ruled out or a firm significantly changes its vision. Adaptable employees work more effectively with customers, clients and their team members.
69
Management can trust independent workers to accomplish their responsibilities well and can be left alone to do so. Although many employers want workers who can work together well and communicate effectively, being independent enables an individual to do tasks on his/her own without relying on others. The value of independent work depends on how well the person manages their time, joins in critical thought and solves problems.
Team Player
The ability to work together effectively with others is a basic component of almost any employment. 70 . Even if some jobs need you to work alone, a team-oriented attitude shows that you are working toward a greater goal and value the group efforts of your co-workers. Employees who work well in a team make good candidates for management and leadership roles.
A. Responsibility
B. Independent Thinker
C. Employers cannot take part in every small decision
D. Your ability for adaptation is how well you handle changes
E. Employers place a high value on the ability to operate well in a team
F. Employers have faith in their ability to complete the duties arranged for them
G. A manager will spend less time finding another person when a worker can be adaptable
15
（2023·山东潍坊·潍坊一中校考模拟预测）One Second Every Day
I’ve been in advertising for eight years and used to work a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous projects. 71 One day I watched a talk called “The power of time off”. It’s about how every seven years, the speaker takes a year off from work so he can do his own creative projects. 72 I decided I had to do that. I need to take time to start my own creative ideas.
The first project ends up being something I call “One Second Every Day”. Basically I record one second of every day for the rest of my life, combining these moments into one single continuous video until I can’t record them anymore. 73 There’re many things I have no recollection of unless someone brings them up, and I think, “Oh, that’s something I did.”
74 On a good day, I’ll have maybe four seconds I want to choose. I’ll just have to narrow them down to one, but even narrow them down to that one allows me to remember the other three anyway.
I don’t use any filters (滤镜), just trying to catch the moment as much as possible as it is. I started a rule of the first person view. Early on, I thought I should have a couple of videos where people would see me, but I realized that wasn’t the way to go. 75
The project has many possibilities. I encourage you all to record just a small piece of your life every day, so you can never forget that day and treasure every moment.
A. It instantly inspired me.
B. The purpose is to remember what I’ve done.
C. I’m always energetic when doing things I love.
D. People might have different interpretations of it.
E. It’s difficult, sometimes, to pick that one second.
F. But I never had time for one I wanted to work on on my own.
G. The essence of my project should be recording the thing as I actually see it.08 阅读理解之七选五
七选五应对策略分析
规律1：段首设空——段落主题+承上启下
策略1：把握形似, 确定语段标题句
【典题示例】
· 37
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
·Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
【思路分析】本题考查对段落小标题的选择。首先根据下文的另一个小标题· Recall(回忆)your childhood memories(祈使句), 可以将选择范围缩小到A项和B项之间, 再根据段落中的there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. 可以发现该段主要是分析从事园艺的原因, 故选 A 。
策略2：根据一致, 确定段落主题句
【典题示例】 (2021·全国乙卷·节选)
36 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查段落主题句。从本段中的“if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time”, 及“be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知本段主要谈论了走出了自己的舒适区, 或者第一次走进别人的家里, 敢于冒险, 尝试不同的食物, 和陌生人交谈。选项“B. The first step is to go exploring”符合语境。故选 B 。
策略3：瞻前顾后, 确定段落过渡句
【典题示例】 (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
Swap, Don’t Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor
16 . It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
【思路分析】本题考查段落过渡句。本题前段尾句问“那么, 该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的虽完好但可能有点厌倦的衣服呢 ”, 后句提到“这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服并同时开派对的最好方法”, B选项“进行衣物交换”是对前句的回答, 同时引起下文, 故选 B 。
规律2：段中设空——“七种关系”助力解题
通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查要点有: 总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构: first, second, then, next, later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what’s more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing. . . for another等, 这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用, 是解题时需要重点关注的部分。
策略1：根据总分关系确定答案
【典题示例】
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
F. After the trip, my family became interested in camping.
【思路分析】本题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“我们睡在帐篷里、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知, 这次野营比较艰难, 设空处是总体评价, 后面是详细描述。故选 C 。
策略2：根据解释关系确定答案
【典题示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查解释关系。设空前介绍法国咖啡厅常常很拥挤, 设空处“并非所有的顾客都是游客”符合语境, 空后通过设问“这些人什么时候工作呢 ”, 用回答该问题的方式来解释为什么当地人有时间享受咖啡馆生活。故选 A 。
策略3：根据例证关系确定答案
【典题示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes, ” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查例证关系。本段句首提出观点: “可是, 这个地方并不完全像地道的巴黎”, 接下来要举例说明, 再结合空前一句讲的是“管道正常工作”, 空后一句讲的是“甚至还有小电梯”, 本句内容应该涉及房子的好处“公寓里有不错的厨房和舒适的床”, 故选 C 。
策略4：根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词有: but但是, however/whereas然而, nevertheless仍然, 然而, 不过, nonetheless尽管如此, 依然, 然而, still还; 然而, though可是, 不过, 然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾, 不管, at any rate无论如何, 至少, in any case无论如何, 不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么, on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来, 比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则; 除此以外, not. . . but不是……而是, as well也等。
【典题示例】 (2021·浙江高考·节选)
“I often send postcards to family and friends. ” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. 32 ”Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo’s hunch (直觉)paid off.
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查转折关系。设空处前一句的句意为“过了一段时间你会发现自己收到的明信片没有发出去的多”。设空处后一句的句意为“然而, Paulo没有放弃自己的爱好, 而是采取了网络的方式”根据逻辑判断, 设空处应与其前一句构成转折关系, 意为“那完全不成问题”。故选 A 。
策略5：根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连词有as a result/consequently结果, thus/therefore因此, so (such). . . that. . . 如此……以至于……等。
【典题示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查因果关系。根据空后的句子中的So可知, 该句与设空处是因果关系。F项“我们的目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。故选 F 。
策略6：根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连词有: also也, 而且, further另外(地), furthermore而且, 此外, likewise同样地, 照样地; 也, 又, similarly相似地, 类似地, moreover而且, 再者, 此外, in addition另外, 加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也, 还, either也, neither两者都不, not only. . . but also不但……而且等。
【典题示例】 (2021·浙江高考·节选)
Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 34 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken.
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查递进关系。As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. “虽然收到一张汉语卡片很酷, 但如果你不懂汉语, 你就看不懂意思”, 而F项Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. “同样, 如果你只会说中文, 收到一张瑞典语的卡片也会让你失去一部分乐趣”与前句构成递进关系。故选 F 。
策略7：根据并列关系确定答案
【典题示例】 (2021·全国乙卷·节选)
38 What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 39 .
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查并列关系。空处与空格前的“If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ”构成并列句中的选择关系, 并与首句中“won’t stop talking”呼应, 故E项(或者把谈话变成一个他们无话可说的话题)符合语境。故选 E 。
规律3：段尾设空——“总结概括”+“过渡衔接”
策略1：利用主题句或总结句确定答案
【典题示例】 (2021·浙江高考·节选)
You’ve got mail. . . and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. 31
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查段落总结句。前面提到Paulo Magalhaes 喜欢世界各地明信片的内容“罗马圆形大剧场的彩色图片, 或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布, 或者是中国的长城”, 设空处对上文进行总结“总之, 他喜欢明信片……”。故选 G 。
策略2：利用段落过渡句确定答案
【典题示例】
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. The trip they took me on was a rough one. We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
【思路分析】本题考查段落过渡句。文章首段是说“如果三年前有人告诉我以后大部分的周末时间都会露营, 我会放声大笑。”而设空处后面讲的是“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这注定是一次具有开创性的露营。”两段内容上有转折关系, 所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句“然而, 自从那时以来我学到了很多有关露营的知识。”故选 D 。
策略3：利用补充信息句确定答案
【典题示例】
●Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 .
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
【思路分析】本题考查补充信息句。本段主要讲的是: 不要把个人信息和经历告诉教授, 如果你需要延长最后期限, 只需要向教授解释处境即可。最后应该补充说明: 如果需要了解更多信息, 他们会询问的。故选 C 。
规律4：词汇复现法——破解语篇衔接难题
策略1：原词复现法
【典题示例】 (2021·全国乙卷·节选)
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). 40 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it. ”
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查原词复现。根据段落主题句可知, 本段主要讲面对“other dinner-party killer: awkward silence(宴会杀手: 尴尬的沉默)”我们该怎么办。由“the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment”和G选项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人)”中的“He or she(指代host)”及“awkwardness(原词复现)”可知G项符合语境。故选 G 。
策略2：代词复现法
it可指代单数名词、不可数名词或整个句子; they或them指代复数名词; one指代单数可数名词; that指代不可数名词或句子; this指代单数名词或句子; these或those指代前句的复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。
【典题示例】 (2021·全国乙卷·节选)
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 37 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. ” It just opens up conversation.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查代词复现。从此空后的标点符号可推知此空应该填入一个从句。再根据后面句子it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. ” (它可以带来“我有一辆旧的, 坏了的车”或者“我和这些疯狂的人一起坐在公共汽车上, 他们在后面笑着愚蠢的笑话”的回答)中的it代指前面提出的问题, 可知C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”(如果你问“你怎么来的 ”)符合语境。故选 C 。
策略3：派生复现法
【典题示例】
40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【思路分析】本题考查派生复现。下文中的“beneficial”与 D 项中的“benefit”属于同根词, 属于派生词重复信息。
策略4：同义复现法
【典题示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查同义复现。G项中的delicious与设空前的great形成同义词复现关系, 而且空后又具体例证了巴黎人吃的食物很美味。故选 G 。
策略5：反义复现法
【典题示例】 (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
·Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. 17 , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【思路分析】 本题考查反义复现。本题要求选择一个半句, 与下文的“more than that. . . ”形成对比, 要有less than that, less与more构成反义词, 句意: 人比这少, 可能没有足够的东西可供选择; 人比这多, 它变得无法控制。其中, 选项A中的that指代前文的5—10 people, 故选 A 。
名校资源学练
1
Let us look at what makes an effective persuasive speech.
Choose a good topic.
First, you should choose a topic you know something about or have researched well to prepare for your speech. Make sure it is a subject about which people have different opinions. 1
It is also best to choose a subject your listeners care about or can act on. 2 You can expect that they care about how the town appears, or that they can change their actions. So, giving a speech about why littering harms your town’s appearance might persuade people who do it to stop.
3
You should consider your listeners as you plan your speech. What do they value Thinking of the things your listeners value will help you form arguments in your speech. If you want them to stop eating unhealthy foods, for example, you may appeal to the value of their appearance. You will talk about how healthy foods result in good-looking skin and an attractive body.
Prepare your argument.
4 We use Greek words to describe them because the ancient Greeks developed and appealed to these ideas. They are:
Ethos—appeal to the listeners’ ethics or morals.
Pathos—appeal to the listeners’ emotions.
Logos—appeal to the listeners’ logic or intelligence.
Organize your speech.
You should make an outline of your speech. Start with an attention-getting statement. Then explain your main idea and give evidence to support your argument. List the points you want to make and think of how to answer arguments against your position.
Finish with a call to action—what do you want your listeners to do 5 Do not plan to read the speech word-for-word from a paper.
A. Know your audience.
B. Make the theme clear.
C. What will you do if you fail
D. Do you see people in your town littering
E. It would not be logical to speak about a fact recognized by everybody.
F. There are three common ways to persuade people of your way of thinking.
G. Finally, practice at home until you need only a note card with your main points on it when you give the speech.
2
Have you imagined making an attractive garden which will be the reason for your neighbors’ envy
6 But not every one of them has the talent for making it happen. However, if there’s one thing they DO know, it’s how to make a simple cup of tea. As for the used teabags, most of them find they’re on the landfill site, but no longer! Your used teabag can work wonders in your garden by your simply burying it. 7 Continue to read what it does.
If you have ever tried to grow some seedlings (幼苗), then you know that this can be quite challenging. Not all seeds can grow into seedlings, even though you have tried so hard. But don’t worry. Here is good news. 8 And what you need just involves a used teabag.
By burying a teabag in your garden, you will provide nutrition to the soil, offering necessary food to the plants. In this way, your plants will be healthier and grow quicker. This is because tea works as a natural fertilizer (肥料) for the soil. The teabag itself is usually made from fibres from the abaca plant, which is a type of banana plant. The bag breaks down with its contents. 9
If you bury a teabag close to the roots of your plants, it will help store water in the soil. If there’s one thing important for plants, it’s water! What’s more, weeds are not wanted in your garden. 10 By burying a used teabag in the earth, you’ll make it a lot harder for the weeds to grow alongside your healthy plants.
A. A teabag is a great answer.
B. It does work though it sounds strange.
C. Making a beautiful garden requires efforts.
D. A beautiful garden is something most people enjoy.
E. There is one way to help your seedlings grow better.
F. A simple teabag is likely to do wonders for your seeds.
G. That will create a healthy environment for plants to grow in.
3
（2023·四川巴中·统考一模）Friendship is a practice of unconditional love, an opportunity to grow together towards fulfillment (成就), and a journey to unfold the most precious capacities of a human being. 11 Here 4 key points to develop and sustain a true friendship.
12 Many times we blame the other person for what we feel, without realizing that we are presenting the bad power to him/her. This is not, however, something we must be afraid of or we should avoid. When we create a bond of affection with another human being, we are automatically vulnerable to the actions that are produced by this person. Being aware of that, we would be better off if we take responsibility and accept the emotions that come up in our inner world instead of blaming the other for what we are feeling.
Provide support and encouragement. Friendships aren’t all fun and games — they do require you put in some work. Say they’ve just quarreled with their parents or failed an exam. It’s your job to be there for them and provide them with whatever they need, starting with support and comfort. 13
Whatever the case, make it apparent that you’re rooting for them.
Seek the good of the other person. When we love another person, we seek the good of the other because we gladden their own happiness. Therefore, our seeking for the other person’s good is totally disinterested. We serve the other without expecting anything in return. 14
Accept the differences. 15 . Friendship welcomes differences and integrates them into a level of union that accepts and goes beyond them. Friendship involves recognizing that the value of the relationship is beyond our personal traits and belief system.
A. Be honest with each other.
B. Acts of love are made for its own sake.
C. Take responsibility of your own emotions.
D. Additionally, it’s your duty to give them encouragement as needed.
E. Human beings are relational beings, as everything we find in the nature.
F. Therefore, developing friendship with other people is essential in our lives.
G. Friendship doesn’t mean having the same interests, opinions and mindset as the other person.
4
（2023·四川攀枝花·统考二模）Social media has basically taken over almost everyday life for many people. They like to post videos online to share their life. But sometimes, if you post a video online and your video becomes popular, you may get comments from people who will always find something to complain about. They may spread gossip (流言蜚语) about you that isn’t true. Negative comments, if they are mishandled, can affect your reputation and mood. 16
First, respond positively and politely. Some people like your video while others don’t. No matter how negative the comment is, it’s best for you to give a positive and polite response. 17 . Don’t be angry, and stay calm, which helps you gain the upper hand.
Next, moving the conversation out of the public eye and into a private area is usually the best choice. 18 Instead, leave a comment for them, asking them to contact you to discuss the problem privately. This shows everyone that you are willing to solve the issue.
Finally, don’t reply if they try to start an argument. Often, keyboard warriors (键盘侠) are feeling bad about something in their own lives. 19 Avoid being negatively influenced by their comments. You totally have the right to delete anything that should not be on your social media page.
20 Just laugh them off and let them go. You can’t control what other people do. All you can do is keep posting and sharing positive things. When others can see that you are still living a good life, they will be encouraged by you.
A. So when should you ignore negative comments
B. Then how should we deal with negative comments
C. So keep it in mind that their comments have nothing to do with you.
D. How do you recover from those negative comments on social media
E. However, don’t send a direct message to the negative comment makers.
F. Each comment needs to be considered on the basis of facts and theories.
G. This shows that you care about everyone else on your social media page.
5
（2023·河北沧州·校考三模）Helping Your Kids to Be Interested in Sports
Being active and moving is something that is so important for us all, especially for children. 21 However, some parents can feel shocked when they see that their child isn’t interested in sports. So how can you encourage them to have ago
It is such a good idea to lead by example when you are a parent. This is true for a variety of aspects, but especially forgetting children involved in sport. 22 So you need to be someone who is interested and active, if you want any hope of them doing so too. If you lay on the couch all day then they will just learn to do that too.
23 Although they can choose who they want to support, seeing your enthusiasm for a particular player or team can be just what is needed to start their journey. You could look for a team uniform store to get them a sports shirt with their name on for example, as well as see the team play at one of their games. 24
If something is dull, it will be hard for children to be enthusiastic about it. This will make them resent(讨厌) it, which is not a good thing for later in life. If they show particular skill and learn to play sport, then more practice and training can come in. 25 When they can enjoy what they do, they will only see it as something fun to do, rather than what we as adults might see it as, such as a chore to burn calories.
Whatever sport your child chooses to play, encourage them and make it fun, and then it will be something that they will want to carry on doing as they go about the rest of their lives.
A. They won’t be interested in sports if you’re not.
B. here are some other tips that you would share with them.
C. Share your enthusiasm and it will help to lighten a passion.
D. So think about ways that can get them to be active in the sports.
E. How active a child is will impact their overall health and learning.
F. Apart from leading by example, you could also share your favorite team.
G. However, the main message forgetting children into sport is to keep it fun.
6
（2023·河北石家庄·正定一中校考模拟预测）Insecurities are negative thoughts that can cause you to doubt yourself. According to the American Psychological Association, being insecure can make it difficult for you to trust others, have healthy relationships, be confident of your abilities and reach for your goals. 26 .
Challenge negative self-talk. 27 . Then it’s important to start challenging it. For instance, if the voice is saying “Don’t try to dance because you’re a horrible dancer and everyone will laugh at you”, tell yourself “I’m going to dance because I love dancing and the only thing I care about is having fun”.
28 . People who struggle with confidence tend to have a bias (偏见) about everything they believe they cannot do. Instead, focus your attention toward the things you do well and the areas in which you would like to continue to improve.
Channel confidence. Try to channel times in your life when you were feeling confident and embody that feeling. 29 —it could be when you made a great presentation, gave an important speech, or managed a difficult conversation. Get back into that head space and see how your thought patterns and body language also radiate confidence.
Get comfortable with being uncomfortable. Stop avoiding things that make you uncomfortable. mit to doing something every day that pushes you to grow and become a stronger person.
A. Focus on your strengths
B. Follow your inner voices confidently
C. Instead, take action to prevent those consequences
D. Fortunately, you can help yourself feel less insecure
E. For example, think about the time when you were proud of yourself
F. Instead, start dealing with the things that scare you and facing the unknown
G. Sometimes, you may get aware of the inner voice that’s putting doubts in your mind
7
（2023·四川绵阳·四川省绵阳南山中学校考模拟预测）Gardening may be one of the most relaxing hobbies you’ll find, with the excitement of seeing something you have planted actually turn into a flower. But if you’ve been holding back because you don’t have a yard, then you’re missing out a lot. 31
Container gardening is the most obvious way to plant when you don’t have a ton of space. If you can get a container regardless of its size, you can have a garden. 32 Even a small pot with a brightly colored flower or bushy green plants can give your entryway a pop of color.
33 Grow climbing plants on a fence or the posts over your doorway to decorate the side of your home. Plenty of plants are happy to grow up instead of out, so you can have some greenery without a traditional garden.
Have an apartment or townhouse Then consider outdoor window boxes that you access from inside. 34 And they give you plenty of options to plant bright blooms or fresh herbs within reach-plus they give your home some added appeal at the same time.
There’s probably still one room where you haven’t thought of putting some plants: Your bathroom. Even if yours doesn’t get much light, a wall-mounted garden can still grow well. 35 They will give your bathroom a more natural, earthy feel.
A. These require, no ground space at all.
B. When plants get enough sunlight, they grow better.
C. If you’re really short of space, think height instead.
D. They can add some green to the inside of your home.
E. Bigger pots give you space to grow several different flowers.
F. In fact, there are plenty of easy ways to get the joy of gardening.
G. Plants that do well in shady and wet environments are the best choice.
8
（2023·江西·濂溪一中校联考模拟预测）How to prepare for a thrilling hike Hiking needs mental and physical preparation weeks before the material day. If you’re a fan of hiking mountains. Here is a guide to help you.
Train hard and train in time
You need to train your body at least three months before the challenge. 36 You can start with baby steps and gradually take more demanding exercises and distance. You can often carry your hiking stick to promote stability. Keep track of your progress to help you achieve your goal.
Choose your clothes carefully
37 . Wear light absorbent pants to reduce friction and promote absorption of sweat. Long pants keep you safe from stinging weeds, insects and tough weather.
38
You must consider various factors before purchasing the most appropriate hiking shoes. First, mind the terrain (地形) of the hiking ground. A mild terrain will do fine with light shoes. On the other hand. A tough, hard and mountainous terrain require hardy hots to help navigate the rocky grounds.
Adequately pack your bag
Your bag is your lifeline when hiking. Water is the most essential itch when hiking. The body performs best when you hydrate frequently throughout the challenge. Carry adequate clean water and sip often. 39 These are primary tools to help you find your way, water points, emergency towers, and other places. Hope for the lest but always prepare for ever-agencies. Thus, ensure you have a flash light, a lighter and a whistle.
Hiking is a refreshing way of keeping fit, having fun and building resilience. 40
A. Choose appropriate footwear
B. Search for the route you will he hiking
C. Carry a compass, a map and a gas with you
D. Adequate water can help you be in good con lit ion
E. create a regular schedule and be disciplined to follow it
F. Wear appropriate clothes that allow your free movement
G. Adequate planning will help have a fantastic experience of it
9
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考三模）For decades, I was a hard drinker who could drink anyone under the table. This lasted from the age of 27 until after 50, a golden time during which I felt very sorry for ex-drinkers and people who couldn’t or wouldn’t drink. How did they make it through social situations, especially parties What did they do at the end of a workday to celebrate and relax 41
When I first tried to quit drinking myself in my early 50s, I wasn’t sure at first how it would work for me. But I did it anyway. 42 I was getting older. I had to concede that I wasn’t as tough as I used to be. Nights of drinking too much showed in my face, and I could feel it in my bones. I wanted to take care of myself. So for the next few years, I bounced between not drinking at all for months at a time, then slowly starting again until I had to quit again.
During these years, I didn’t love not drinking. But I had to admit that when I was off booze, I looked and felt better physically: I slept more deeply, had more energy, exercised more. My mind was clearer. My moods were brighter. Parties were hard, and so was cooking at the end of a day of writing without a glass of wine at my elbow. 43
I finally quit drinking for real almost four years ago, on 12 July 2019, when a writer friend stayed with my husband and me after his wife kicked him out. After my husband had gone upstairs to bed, my friend sat on our sofa drinking an entire bottle of gin, complaining about his fate, until he passed out next to our dog, whose bed that sofa was. 44 I didn’t have a drink the next night, or ever again since.
I’m not going to lie: being sober is not a hot-air balloon ride. 45 Having to feel my damn feelings without filters compels me to face and change the things in my life that keep me stuck. Hard work all around, but as my reward, I connect more deeply with the people I care about. I think of not drinking as a kindness I’ve given myself. And to my surprise, it’s rewarded me with true, hard-won happiness.
A. My body demanded it.
B. My health started improving rapidly.
C. It’s more like a hike in the mountains.
D. How did they quit drinking
E. It was a wake-up call.
F. But the pluses seemed to outweigh the minuses.
G. How did they get through life
10
（2023·浙江丽水·校联考三模）Garden lights are extremely important. 46 We have prepared the ultimate guide that aims to provide you with all the information that you could possibly need. So, what are you waiting for Let’s get started.
The first thing that you need to do is to use LED lights that are known for their low heat emission. It would also help reduce the attraction to flies or insects. 47 Hence, you need to go for a lower heat emissions option. The lights are good for the environment and help you save energy costs.
Next, you have to install light shields (保护罩) for creating a physical barrier between the outdoor elements and lights. By getting light shields, you get to increase the protection of your expensive outdoor lights. 48 Don’t forget to take the accurate measurement of the lights when shopping for light shields.
When it comes to using garden lights, location is everything. 49 You need to place the garden lights in a location where the outdoor lighting components would be protected from the elements. They should provide sufficient lighting and last a long time at the same time.
Finally, you also have to maintain the garden lights system for ensuring that it continues to be properly controlled. Regardless of which type of garden lights you get, you have to ensure that they are well maintained and serviced from time to time. 50 You have no excuse not to get them serviced.
A. It is not something that should be taken lightly.
B. Unexpected elements will cause damage to the lights.
C. It can be frustrating to see them taking over the lighting.
D. Place them in the correct position to work and last a long time.
E. They can make your garden area safer and more beautiful in no time.
F. You should seek help from a lighting professional for the best outcome.
G. They also help ensure the lights do not shine too bright in just one spot.
11
（2023·河南开封·统考模拟预测）A food allergy (过敏) is a medical condition that occurs when the body’s protection system perceives certain foods as a threat and responds to them with an allergic reaction.
51 . That’s because they account for around 90 per cent of food allergies in the country. And they are the ones most likely to cause a severe reaction. This group consists of eggs, milk, peanuts, fish, tree nuts and wheat.
Food allergies are often confused with food intolerance. But intolerance is a less serious condition that does not involve a response from the immune system. 52 . If you experience an extreme reaction, seek medical help immediately.
Symptoms (症状) of a food allergy. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. And they may differ each time a specific allergen appears. Symptoms can include: a skin rash or hives, swelling of the face or lips, or feeling lightheaded or dizzy. 53 . That can send the body into shock or make it difficult to breathe.
Treating a food allergy. For minor reactions, you can take some medicine. For severe reactions, however, turn to doctors for help.
54 . The only sure way to prevent an allergic reaction to food is to carefully avoid the allergens. This can be a difficult process. That requires patients to carefully study food labels to ensure the food is safe for them. 55 . So it’s necessary to inform family or friends of the food that can cause a food allergy.
A. Avoiding harm from allergy
B. Preventing an allergic reaction
C. Not everyone knows what a food allergy is
D. Many people do not understand the severity of the issue
E. The best way to handle a food allergy is to avoid such foods
F. For some people, certain allergens can bring a severe reaction
G. Certain foods are considered priority allergens by Health Canada
12
（2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江中学校考三模）Nowadays, many of us are finding ourselves tired out, struggling to build balance back into our lives. 56 Spending time near oceans, lakes, rivers and other bule spaces can provide a range of benefits including reducing anxiety, easing mental tiredness and refreshing us. Here is some advice on how to take advantage of the healing power of water.
57 You likely have some water close by, even if it is just a pond alongside the road. Start there. Then get out to water you can visit on the weekend or a vacation. Urban water counts—rivers, canals and fountains. 58 If you can’t get to actual water, then paintings, photographs, videos and movies can produce some of the same benefits. Even virtual reality helps.
Go often. A little bit makes a big difference. 59 But an environmental psychologist found that spending a similar amount of time near water has the same benefits. Even people who look into aquariums(水族箱) have lower heart rates and better moods after just 15 minutes.
Listen. One of the most calming characteristics of water is its sound, typically steady and soft. The water sounds people find having the strongest healing power are rain in a rainforest, waves patting a beach, and a running stream. When the sounds of living things are added to the sounds of water, people like them even better. Make an audio recording of your favorite water. 60
A. Remember that all water counts.
B. It will bring back happy memories.
C. Stay in a place surrounded by water.
D. According to researchers, water can help us.
E. So does domestic water-in pools, bathtubs, even by fish tanks.
F. Spending some time every day near water can speed up our recovery.
G. It takes at least two hours a week in nature to improve our well-being.
13
（2023·江苏·江苏省天一中学校考模拟预测）Scientists help to explain how the world around us works, and carry out experiments to create new things. To become a scientist, you need a college degree and various professional skills. 61
Understand scientist description and responsibilities. Scientists are responsible for examining and exploring different aspects of the physical world. All their exploration processes are done by following a set of rules known as the scientific method. 62 Of course, they also have different specific work responsibilities. If you want to be a scientist in a certain field, you need to continue to have a deep understanding of professional work responsibilities.
63 The influence of every profession is double-sided. As a scientist, it may bring you some achievements and benefits, but it also has some professional disadvantages. So before you want to be a scientist, you should have a detailed understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of scientists.
Go through college. 64 Overall studying is important to become a professional scientist. You can learn all kinds of related knowledge systematically at college and lay a solid foundation for your future career.
Get internship (实习) opportunities. Try to find part-time jobs during the university period. In this way, you can obtain real work experience while studying, which is very valuable for you and will definitely be helpful for your real career in the future. 65 When you find a relevant scientist job, apply for it.
A scientist’s career path is often the result of a series of chance meetings, unexpected events and changes in personal circumstances. You should not be afraid to follow your own unique route.
A. Try to avoid the influence of others.
B. Next, you will have detailed information.
C. So make use of your rich experience if any.
D. Think about whether it is worthwhile to be a scientist.
E. You can find such chances through special part-time websites.
F. Scientists in different fields may specialize in different subjects.
G. Systematic learning in university is the basis of becoming a scientist.
14
（2023·河南郑州·洛宁县第一高级中学校联考模拟预测）
Qualities That Can Easily Land You a Job
Dependability
Employees that can be relied on arrive at the office on time and put up consistent effort in all tasks. 66 . A dependable employee is given these tasks when an employer has a project or job that must be finished in a certain period of time and to a certain standard. Dependable workers constantly show their ability, which can result in pay increases and job advancements.
Problem-solving
Any organization can benefit from having employees who can make their own decisions and act quickly. 67 . Therefore, they need candidates who are not hesitant to take decisive action. Anyone seeking to advance into a management or leadership role must possess the ability to take action and accept responsibility for the results.
Adaptability
68 . Being adaptable focuses more on long-term changes that could have a large impact on a workplace. You are able to rapidly adapt to any changes, even when positions are ruled out or a firm significantly changes its vision. Adaptable employees work more effectively with customers, clients and their team members.
69
Management can trust independent workers to accomplish their responsibilities well and can be left alone to do so. Although many employers want workers who can work together well and communicate effectively, being independent enables an individual to do tasks on his/her own without relying on others. The value of independent work depends on how well the person manages their time, joins in critical thought and solves problems.
Team Player
The ability to work together effectively with others is a basic component of almost any employment. 70 . Even if some jobs need you to work alone, a team-oriented attitude shows that you are working toward a greater goal and value the group efforts of your co-workers. Employees who work well in a team make good candidates for management and leadership roles.
A. Responsibility
B. Independent Thinker
C. Employers cannot take part in every small decision
D. Your ability for adaptation is how well you handle changes
E. Employers place a high value on the ability to operate well in a team
F. Employers have faith in their ability to complete the duties arranged for them
G. A manager will spend less time finding another person when a worker can be adaptable
15
（2023·山东潍坊·潍坊一中校考模拟预测）One Second Every Day
I’ve been in advertising for eight years and used to work a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous projects. 71 One day I watched a talk called “The power of time off”. It’s about how every seven years, the speaker takes a year off from work so he can do his own creative projects. 72 I decided I had to do that. I need to take time to start my own creative ideas.
The first project ends up being something I call “One Second Every Day”. Basically I record one second of every day for the rest of my life, combining these moments into one single continuous video until I can’t record them anymore. 73 There’re many things I have no recollection of unless someone brings them up, and I think, “Oh, that’s something I did.”
74 On a good day, I’ll have maybe four seconds I want to choose. I’ll just have to narrow them down to one, but even narrow them down to that one allows me to remember the other three anyway.
I don’t use any filters (滤镜), just trying to catch the moment as much as possible as it is. I started a rule of the first person view. Early on, I thought I should have a couple of videos where people would see me, but I realized that wasn’t the way to go. 75
The project has many possibilities. I encourage you all to record just a small piece of your life every day, so you can never forget that day and treasure every moment.
A. It instantly inspired me.
B. The purpose is to remember what I’ve done.
C. I’m always energetic when doing things I love.
D. People might have different interpretations of it.
E. It’s difficult, sometimes, to pick that one second.
F. But I never had time for one I wanted to work on on my own.
G. The essence of my project should be recording the thing as I actually see it.
参考答案
1
1. E 2. D 3. A 4. F 5. G
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了做说服性演讲的方法和注意事项。
1. 根据前文“First, you should choose a topic you know something about or have researched well to prepare for your speech. Make sure it is a subject about which people have different opinions.(首先，你应该选择一个你了解或研究过的话题来准备你的演讲。确保这是一个人们有不同意见的话题)”可知，空处位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，所以E项“It would not be logical to speak about a fact recognized by everybody.(谈论一个大家都知道的事实是不合逻辑的)”符合本段的主题，且是对前文的总结。故选E项。
2. 根据前文“It is also best to choose a subject your listeners care about or can act on.(最好选择一个你的听众关心或可以采取行动的话题)”以及后文“You can expect that they care about how the town appears, or that they can change their actions. So, giving a speech about why littering harms your town’s appearance might persuade people who do it to stop.(你可以期待他们关心城镇的外观，或者他们可以改变自己的行为。所以，发表一篇关于为什么乱扔垃圾会损害你的城镇形象的演讲，可能会说服乱扔垃圾的人停止乱扔垃圾)”可知，空处是一个过渡句，由提出主题到具体例子，所以D项“Do you see people in your town littering (你看到镇上的人乱扔垃圾吗 )”符合文意，其中littering为同词复现。故选D项。
3. 分析设空，空处应是小标题，是对下文的高度概括，根据后文“You should consider your listeners as you plan your speech. What do they value Thinking of the things your listeners value will help you form arguments in your speech. If you want them to stop eating unhealthy foods, for example, you may appeal to the value of their appearance. You will talk about how healthy foods result in good-looking skin and an attractive body.(你在计划演讲时应该考虑听众的意见。他们看重什么 想想听众看重的东西会帮助你在演讲中形成论点。例如，如果你想让他们停止吃不健康的食物，你可能会呼吁他们重视外表。你会谈到健康的食物是如何让你拥有漂亮的皮肤和迷人的身材的)”可知，本段内容，是要了解听众，所以A项“Know your audience.(了解你的听众)”符合文意。故选A项。
4. 分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“We use Greek words to describe them because the ancient Greeks developed and appealed to these ideas.(我们用希腊词来描述它们，因为古希腊人发展并吸引了这些思想)”；“Ethos—appeal to the listeners’ ethics or morals.(Ethos-呼吁听众的伦理或道德)”；“Pathos—appeal to the listeners’ emotions.(Pathos——唤起听众的情感)”以及“Logos—appeal to the listeners’ logic or intelligence.(Logos——吸引听众的逻辑或智力)”可知，本段提到了三种方法去准备论点，所以F项“There are three common ways to persuade people of your way of thinking.(有三种常用的方法来说服别人接受你的思维方式)”符合文意。故选F项。
5. 分析设空，位于文章的末尾，应该是最后作什么了，所以G项“Finally, practice at home until you need only a note card with your main points on it when you give the speech.(最后，在家里练习，直到你在演讲时只需要一张写有要点的卡片)”符合，并且和后文“Do not plan to read the speech word-for-word from a paper.(不要打算逐字逐句地读演讲稿)”构成顺承关系。故选G项。
2
6. D 7. B 8. E 9. G 10. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了茶包的再利用可以用做一种有利于花园种植的好办法。
6. 根据上文“Have you imagined making an attractive garden which will be the reason for your neighbors’ envy (你有没有想过建造一个有吸引力的花园，这会成为你邻居羡慕的原因？)”以及下文“But not every one of them has the talent for making it happen.(但并不是每个人都有实现这一目标的天赋)”可知，此处上下文说的是美丽的花园是很多人喜欢的东西，D项“A beautiful garden is something most people enjoy.(美丽的花园是大多数人喜欢的东西)”表达的含义一致，也与下文形成转折，故选D项。
7. 根据上文“As for the used teabags, most of them find they’re on the landfill site, but no longer! Your used teabag can work wonders in your garden by your simply burying it.(至于用过的茶包，大多数都在垃圾填埋场，但现在已经不在了！你用过的茶包只要把它埋起来，就能在你的花园里创造奇迹)”可知，上文说的是用过的茶包对花园有效，结合常识而言，有点奇怪，B项“It does work though it sounds strange.(虽然听起来很奇怪，但它确实有效)”符合题意，故选B项。
8. 根据下文“And what you need just involves a used teabag.(你需要的只是一个用过的茶包)”可知，该空应承接下文说的是帮助幼苗更好地生长的方法，E项“There is one way to help your seedlings grow better.(有一种方法可以帮助你的幼苗更好地生长)”符合题意，故选E项。
9. 根据上文“This is because tea works as a natural fertilizer (肥料) for the soil. The teabag itself is usually made from fibres from the abaca plant, which is a type of banana plant. The bag breaks down with its contents.(这是因为茶是土壤的天然肥料。袋泡茶本身通常是由阿巴卡植物的纤维制成的，阿巴卡植物是一种香蕉植物。袋子里的东西会分解)”可知，茶袋里的东西分解之后，会成为土壤的天然肥料，G项“That will create a healthy environment for plants to grow in.(这将为植物的生长创造一个健康的环境)”符合题意，讲茶包埋进土里分解后对花园植物的好处，故选G项。
10. 根据上文“What’s more, weeds are not wanted in your garden. (更重要的是，你的花园里不需要杂草)”和下文“By burying a used teabag in the earth, you’ll make it a lot harder for the weeds to grow alongside your healthy plants.(把用过的茶包埋在地里，你会让杂草更难与健康的植物一起生长)”可知此处上下文说的是茶包可以作为一种有利于花园除草的好方法，与A项“A teabag is a great answer.(茶包是个不错的办法)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
3
11. F 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了培养和维持真正友谊的四个要点。
11. 根据上文“Friendship is a practice of unconditional love, an opportunity to grow together towards fulfillment (成就), and a journey to unfold the most precious capacities of a human being.”（友谊是一种无条件的爱的实践，是一个共同成长的机会，也是一个展现人类最宝贵能力的旅程。）说明发展友谊的好处。结合选项F项Therefore, developing friendship with other people is essential in our lives.（因此，与他人发展友谊在我们的生活中是必不可少的。）和上文内容语意递进，形成逻辑上的因果关系，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
12. 该题为段落主题句，总结该段内容。根据该段内容“Many times we blame the other person for what we feel, without realizing that we are presenting the bad power to him/her. This is not, however, something we must be afraid of or we should avoid. When we create a bond of affection with another human being, we are automatically vulnerable to the actions that are produced by this person. Being aware of that, we would be better off if we take responsibility and accept the emotions that come up in our inner world instead of blaming the other for what we are feeling.”（很多时候，我们因为自己的感受而责备别人，却没有意识到我们把不好的力量呈现给了他/她。然而，这不是我们必须害怕或应该避免的事情。当我们与另一个人建立感情纽带时，我们会自动受到这个人的行为的影响。意识到这一点，如果我们承担责任，接受来自我们内心世界的情绪，而不是因为我们的感受而责怪别人，我们会过得更好。）可知，主要讲的是如果我们承担责任，接受来自我们内心世界的情绪，而不是因为我们的感受而责怪别人，我们会过得更好。结合选项C项Take responsibility of your own emotions.（对自己的情绪负责。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选C项。
13. 根据该段主题句“Provide support and encouragement.”（提供支持和鼓励。）以及上文“It’s your job to be there for them and provide them with whatever they need, starting with support and comfort.”（你的工作就是在他们身边，提供他们需要的任何东西，从支持和安慰开始。）可知，本段讲的是给予支持和安慰。结合选项D项Additionally, it’s your duty to give them encouragement as needed.（此外，你有责任在他们需要的时候给予鼓励。）和上文内容一致，为对上文内容的补充和递进，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
14. 上文“Therefore, our seeking for the other person’s good is totally disinterested. We serve the other without expecting anything in return.”（因此，我们对他人利益的追求是完全无私的。我们服务他人，不求任何回报。）说明爱是无私的。结合选项B项Acts of love are made for its own sake.（爱的行为是为了爱本身。）意思一致，为对上文内容的总结。故选B项。
15. 根据该段主题句“Accept the differences.”（接受差异。）以及下文“Friendship welcomes differences and integrates them into a level of union that accepts and goes beyond them.”（友谊欢迎差异，并将它们整合成一种接受并超越差异的联盟。）可知，讲的都是关于友谊接受差异方面的内容。故可推断空格处内容为与此相关，结合选项G项Friendship doesn’t mean having the same interests, opinions and mindset as the other person.（友谊并不意味着和另一个人有相同的兴趣、观点和心态。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
4
16. B 17. G 18. E 19. C 20. D
【解析】本文是篇说明文。介绍了如何处理网上的负面评论。
16. 分析设空，空处位于首段段尾，应是承上启下的作用，根据前文“But sometimes, if you post a video online and your video becomes popular, you may get comments from people who will always find something to complain about. They may spread gossip (流言蜚语) about you that isn’t true. Negative comments, if they are mishandled, can affect your reputation and mood. (但有时候，如果你在网上发布了一个视频，你的视频变得很受欢迎，你可能会收到一些人的评论，他们总是会找到一些抱怨的地方。他们可能会散布关于你的不真实的流言蜚语。消极的评论，如果处理不当，会影响你的声誉和情绪)”可知，本文主要讲述如何处理网上的负面评论，所以B项“Then how should we deal with negative comments (那么我们应该如何处理负面评论呢 )”符合文意，是前文的总结，并通过提问引出下文。故选B项。
17. 根据前文“First, respond positively and politely. Some people like your video while others don’t. No matter how negative the comment is, it’s best for you to give a positive and polite response. (首先，积极礼貌地回应。有些人喜欢你的视频，而有些人则不喜欢。不管评论有多负面，你最好给出一个积极而礼貌的回应)”可知G项“This shows that you care about everyone else on your social media page. (这表明你关心你的社交媒体页面上的其他人)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选G项。
18. 根据前文“Next, moving the conversation out of the public eye and into a private area is usually the best choice. (其次，将谈话转移到公众视线之外的私人领域通常是最好的选择)”以及后文“Instead, leave a comment for them, asking them to contact you to discuss the problem privately. (相反，给他们留言，让他们联系你私下讨论这个问题)”可知，空处应是对前文进一步说明，并和后文构成转折，所以E项“However, don’t send a direct message to the negative comment makers. (但是，不要直接给负面评论的制造者发信息)”符合文意，对前文进一步说明，并和后文构成转折。故选E项。
19. 根据前文“Finally, don’t reply if they try to start an argument. Often, keyboard warriors (键盘侠) are feeling bad about something in their own lives. (最后，如果他们试图开始争论，不要回答。通常，键盘侠会对自己生活中的某些事情感到难过)”以及后文“Avoid being negatively influenced by their comments. You totally have the right to delete anything that should not be on your social media page.(避免被他们的评论负面影响。你完全有权利删除任何不应该出现在你的社交媒体页面上的东西)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以C项“So keep it in mind that their comments have nothing to do with you. (所以请记住，他们的评论与你无关)”符合本段主题，对前文的总结并引出下文。故选C项。
20. 分析设空，位于段首，应是本段的中心句，根据后文“Just laugh them off and let them go. You can’t control what other people do. All you can do is keep posting and sharing positive things. When others can see that you are still living a good life, they will be encouraged by you. (一笑了之，让他们走吧。你不能控制别人做什么。你所能做的就是继续发布和分享积极的事情。当别人看到你仍然过着美好的生活时，他们会受到你的鼓励)”可知，本段在讲述如何从社交媒体上的负面评论中恢复过来，所以D项“How do you recover from those negative comments on social media (你如何从社交媒体上的负面评论中恢复过来 )”符合文意。故选D项。
5
21. E 22. A 23. F 24. C 25. G
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍一些帮助孩子对运动感兴趣的方法。
21. 根据上文“Being active and moving is something that is so important for us all, especially for children. (活跃和运动对我们所有人都非常重要，对儿童来说尤为重要。)”可知，这里强调活跃和运动对儿童来说尤为重要。选项E“孩子的活跃程度将影响他们的整体健康和学习。”和上文意思一致。故选E。
22. 根据上文“It is such a good idea to lead by example when you are a parent. This is true for a variety of aspects, but especially forgetting children involved in sport.(当你为人父母时，以身作则是个好主意。这在很多方面都是正确的，但尤其是在忘记孩子们参与体育运动这方面。)”可知，作为家长要为孩子树立榜样，结合上文提到体育运动，可知选项A“如果你不感兴趣，他们就不会对体育感兴趣。”和上文意思一致。故选A。
23. 根据下文“Although they can choose who they want to support, seeing your enthusiasm for a particular player or team can be just what is needed to start their journey. (尽管他们可以选择他们想要支持的人，但看到你对某个特定球员或球队的热情可能正是他们开始旅程所需要的。)”可知，这里建议家长跟孩子分享喜欢的球员或球队。选项F“除了以身作则，你还可以与他们分享你喜欢的球队。”和下文意思一致。故选F。
24. 根据上文“You could look for a team uniform store to get them a sports shirt with their name on for example, as well as see the team play at one of their games. (例如，你可以找一家队服商店给他们买一件印有他们名字的运动衫，也可以看球队参加他们的一场比赛。)”可知，这里举例说明家长在球队的热情。选项C“分享你的热情，这将有助于点燃激情。”和上文意思一致。故选C。
25. 根据上文“If they show particular skill and learn to play sport, then more practice and training can come in. (如果他们表现出特殊的技能并且学习运动，那么就应多练习和训练。)”和下文“When they can enjoy what they do, they will only see it as something fun to do, rather than what we as adults might see it as, such as a chore to burn calories.(当他们能够享受自己所做的事情时，他们只会认为这是一件有趣的事情，而不是我们成年人可能认为的事情，比如燃烧卡路里的家务。)”可知，这里建议让孩子参与有乐趣的运动。选项G“然而，让孩子们参与体育运动的关键是让运动变得有乐趣。”和上下文意思一致。故选G。
6
26. D 27. G 28. A 29. E 30. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种克服缺乏安全感的方法。
26. 上文“According to the American Psychological Association, being insecure can make it difficult for you to trust others, have healthy relationships, be confident of your abilities and reach for your goals.(根据美国心理协会的说法，缺乏安全感会使你难以信任他人、建立健康的人际关系、对自己的能力充满信心并实现目标)”可知，这些是缺乏安全感的危害，D项“幸运的是，你可以帮助自己减少不安全感”提到了克服该消极情绪的方法，起到了承上启下的作用。故选D项。
27. 根据下文“Then it’s important to start challenging it. For instance, if the voice is saying...(然后开始挑战它是很重要的。例如，如果这个声音说……)”可知，空处是关于内心的声音，G项“有时，你可能会意识到那个让你怀疑自己的内心声音的存在”符合语境，下中的it指代的是G项中的the voice。故选G项。
28. 下文“Instead, focus your attention toward the things you do well and the areas in which you would like to continue to improve.(相反，把注意力集中在你做得好的事情以及你想继续改进的领域上)”可知，你要把精力集中在想要让自己变好的领域或者是事情上，A项“专注于你的强项”适合作为本段的主题句。故选A项。
29. 下文“it could be when you made a great presentation, gave an important speech, or managed a difficult conversation.(这可能是你做了一个很棒的演讲，发表了一次重要的演讲，或者进行了一次艰难的对话)”是举例说明一些对自己感到自信的时候，故E项“例如，想想你为自己感到骄傲的时候”符合语境。故选E项。
30. 上文“Stop avoiding things that make you uncomfortable.(不要回避那些让你感到不
