科技类词汇对应语法填空
passage 1
Three Chinese astronauts landed in a northern desert on Sunday after six months in space.They had been working（1） （ complete） the basic structure of the Tiangong space station，a symbol of the country's（2） （ ambition） space program.A capsule carrying commander Chen Dong and astronauts Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe touched down at a landing site in the Gobi Desert in northern China at approximately 8：10 pm.
Before leaving the Chinese space station，they had spent almost five days with three（3） （ colleague） who arrived on Wednesday in the Shenzhou﹣15 spaceship，（4） （ mark） the first time China had six astronauts in space at the same time.
The astronauts（5） （ carry） out of the capsule by medical workers about 40 minutes after landing.They all wore smiles and appeared to be in good condition，waving（6） （happy）at the workers at the landing site.
The three astronauts were part of the Shenzhou﹣14 spaceship，（7） was launched in June.After their arrival at Tiangong space station，Chen，Liu and Cai performed three spacewalks，held a live science lecture from the station and conducted（8） range of experiments.
Tiangong space station will be the only space station still up and running in the universe one day（9） the International Space Station（10） （ retire） by around the end of the decade as expected.
passage
The rise in children's screen time has brought about calls for（1） （great）interaction and more outdoor exercise to improve learning and guard（2） the spread of shortsightedness.
Time spent online（3） （increase）dramatically in the past years.Millions of pupils have been forced （4） （switch） to remote learning，according to Qustodio software，（5） tracks usage of devices by children aged 4 to 15 in the UK，US and Spain.
One area of concern is eyesight.More occurrence of children's nearsightedness is likely caused by children being kept at home with schoolwork delivered online.It is uncertain（6） the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors，but previous studies have suggested daylight（7） （expose） is key.
Another concern is about sleep problems among children.It is definitely clinically significant.There's evidence that shows a sharp increase in children with sleep problems.A number of（8） （factor） may account for it，with increased screen time being （9） .
Parents also worry about the impact of too much screen time on children's mental and emotional development.Instead of interactions with their class，spending hours（10） （passive）sitting in front of a screen may lead to stress and other mental health problems.
passage 3
Chinese smart phone makers are focusing on foldable smartphones to wrap up the year of fierce competition in the high﹣end market.Huawei Technologies Co unveiled（发布）the P50 Pocket，its（1） （late）foldable handset，on Thursday.（2） （price）from 8，988 yuan（1，411）in China，the model reflects Huawei's intention （3） （sharpen） its technical and foldable design capabilities，market insiders said.
Huawei is well on its way to maintain a solid presence.The P50 Pocket（4） （expect） to go up against the Find N （5） Oppo unveiled last week.Smartphone brands such as Xiaomi and Vivo are also rolling up their sleeves in the foldable market.
The number of devices equipped with Harmony OS has been over 220 million units.The Internet of things devices （物联网设备） from third﹣party （6） （ company） that are powered by the Harmony OS Connect have exceeded 100 million units this year.
Huawei launched （7） （it） first foldable smartphone in 2019.Data from iResearch， （8） Market research firm，showed that Huawei accounted（9） 64 percent of China's foldable smartphone market this year.Foldable smartphones are turning （10） （increasing） popular in China as they become more affordable while foldable display technologies continue to mature.
Pete Lau，chief product officer of Oppo，said earlier he believes foldable smartphones will evolve （演变） from being novelties to necessities.
passage 4
For over a century ，student journalists at The Daily Tar Heel （ DTH ） have documented their college life and raised（1） （ variety ） questions on free expression ，tuition ，and big ﹣ time athletics...The independent student newspaper celebrated its 125th anniversary this year .To mark it ，student（2） （ report ） asked the question ：What ' s the future of the DTH ？
Student newspapers are faced（3） a dark reality.Falling advertising income ，increasing digital demands and the lack of subscription fees as they are free（4） （ read ） mean that such newspapers are finding them much（5） （ hard ） to survive .Most college papers have reduced their print editions .And while the DTH（6） （ use ）to produce around 22，000 newspapers ，it only makes around 10，000 now.
Increasingly，student journalists have turned their focus to their digital platforms（7） they can tell stories with social media.And though（8） can be challenging for them to move away from that print tradition，they manage to adapt very well.So what should student newspapers（9） （trap） in this situation do？Perhaps the ideal answer would be for universities to（10） （financial） support student journalism.In the meantime，college newspapers are figuring out their financial models as they go along.
passage 5
Starlink，a new satellite Internet system from the company SpaceX， （1） （change） the world more quickly nowadays than many people expected.Not only can the system be very useful in remote areas and emergency situations， （2） it also presents several important problems.
Before Starlink，most satellite Internet service was based on satellites that （3） （constant） remained above one point on Earth.This means that signals from farther away need to travel a long distance，causing delays.
Starlink has a web of satellites moving in a low orbit around the Earth.Because the satellites are closer，the speeds are（4） （fast）.This makes the service better for things that need to happen（5） delays，like holding meetings over the Internet.
SpaceX isn't the only company （6） works to provide this kind of satellite Internet service.For
example，OneWeb is a British company （7） （develop） a similar satellite Internet service.But Starlink is farther along than most others.Starlink currently works in 31（8） （country），but SpaceX plans to expand the service （9） （cover） the whole world.
Astronomers have complained that Starlink satellites are causing light （10） （pollute）.This makes it harder to study things in space without satellites getting in the way.SpaceX has worked to reduce the light from Starlink satellites.
passage 6
Chinese science﹣fiction writer Liu Cixin met with his Russian readers during Russian Creative Week via video link on Sunday，（1） （share） his views on writing science fiction，the development of science and technology in the future.
Liu also said that he was working on his new book but it might take some time to finish."Probably a year （2） two，"Liu said.
Liu made a （3） （compare） of science fictions from different times."Science fictions in the past had a broad vision，（4） （most） describing space and the universe，and （5） （it）eyes were focused on the stars.Nowadays，science fictions focus on realistic（6） （problem），such as gender and race discrimination，environmental pollution and so on，"Liu said.
Liu， （7） is 58，said that he is trying to adapt his fiction for films and TV except for literary writing.US streaming platform Netflix announced in September 2020 that it （8） （order） an English﹣language series based （9） Liu's well﹣known trilogy The Three﹣Body Problem.He wants the series （10） （be） attractive and well﹣made."As long as the series will be interesting，I don't care how much the series change my book，"he noted.
passage 7
To test the technologies of China's permanent space station named Tiangong，Shenzhou XIII spacecraft（1） （launch） on October 16，2021 by a Long March 2 F carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
During the Shenzhou XII mission，the（2） （astronaut），Zhai Zhigang，who was the mission commander，Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu carried out two spacewalks（3） lasted more than 12 hours.Wang Yaping， （4） （know） as the first female Chinese spacewalker，took part in the first spacewalk on November 7.
In an orbit about 400 kilometers above the Earth，the crew members also carried out two science lectures for Chinese students.In one experiment，Wang used a Bing Dwen Dwen toy，the popular mascot of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games， （5） （display） how objects fly in（6） （weight） environment.In early February，they spent Chinese Lunar New Year inside the station，appeared in（7） live broadcast gala of CCTV and（8） （send） their best wishes to Chinese people.
After orbiting Earth for six months，Shenzhou XIII spacecraft circled the Earth several times to（9） （ gradual） approach it and returned to the mother planet on April 16.Medical service workers（10） the scene told China Central Television that the crew members were in good condition.
passage 8
Uploading a picture or video from a scenic spot to sites such as Douyin and Kuaishou（1） （know） in China as daka，meaning"punching the card".The aim is not to produce a well﹣crafted video or beautiful photograph，but simply（2） （show） that you have also been to the places that are popular.The beauty of the attractionis（3） （important） than the fact that people are flocking there to daka.
A subculture has developed of young people（4） embrace daka as a lifestyle.So﹣called daka zu—"daka tribes"—can be found wandering Chongqing and other cities，checking（5） at as many hot locations as possible within a single day.
Just as shops and restaurants in other countries try to attract customers with decorations that might be a backdrop（背景） for Instagram pictures，（6） in China try to make themselves as daka﹣friendly as possible；a coffee shop（7） （build） inside a shipping container，for example.
The daka craze may have（8） （practice） origins.China's young urban professionals have little vacation time.In their first year at a company，（9） （employ） can expect at most one day of vacation，They are（10） （routine） expected to work overtime for no pay.So workers need to make the most of their limited leisure time.Douyin captures the mood with its slogan："Make every second count."
passage 9
In recent decades，exploring Mars（1） （be） the top agenda for several countries.（2） latest news reveals an exciting fact：China's Tianwen﹣1 spacecraft has landed on a site on a vast plain known as Utopia Planitia，（3） （leave）a Chinese footprint on Mars for the first time.
The Chinese National Space Administration（CNSA） launched the Tianwen﹣1 mission to Mars in July，2020，which carried a golf﹣cart﹣sized rover（漫游车） called Zhurong，a lander，and an orbiter to Mars in an attempt（4） （explore） it.Today，it's reported that the rover has landed on the Red Planet，which is an（5） （excite） for Chinese people.The Zhurong rover，which is named（6） an ancient fire god in Chinese mythology（神话），will begin a mission by first imaging and self﹣inspecting（7） （it） parts before rolling out onto the alien planet.Once deployed（部署），the rover（8） （expect） to spend around 90 days（around 93 Earth days）.Going into the details，the rover packs six wheels and is（9） （rough） the size of NASA's twin Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity.The primary mission of the Zhurong rover is to study and understand the planet's composition and looks for signs of water and ice.The rover is carrying scientific instruments（10） include two panoramic cameras，ground﹣penetrating radar，and a magnetic field detector，all of which will help to study the climate and weather on Mars.
passage 10
The Shenzhou﹣13 crew have （1） （safe） returned to Earth after their six﹣month orbital trip，（2） nearly doubled the previous record of China's longest single﹣flight space mission of 92 days set by the Shenzhou﹣12.
At 9：06 am on April 16，the ground controlling team （3） （order） the return and the return capsule separated with the Shenzhou﹣13 successfully.At 9：56 am，the Shenzhou﹣13 return capsule touched down successfully in Gobi Desert.The Shenzhou﹣13 crew exited the return capsule one hour and 10 minutes after their touchdown，（4） （fast） than that for Shenzhou﹣12 crew which took one hour and 40 minutes.Medical team confirmed that the crew Are （5） good health，marking the full success of the Shenzhou﹣13 mission.
Shenzhou﹣13 mission commander Zhai Zhigang got out of return capsule first，reporting"feeling good". （6） （follow） him，"Star﹣picking mom is home，"said Wang Yaping，the first spacewalking Chinese woman.And Ye Guangfu soon joined them with good spirits.
（7） （ensure） their safe return，the taikonauts have been taking physical exercises to train their muscles.Meanwhile，the ground support team has evaluated their physical and psychological condition and made targeted （8） （adjust）.
Other than the two spacewalks，the crew has also played （9） significant part in many historic moments in China in the past six months，sending their blessings during the Chinese New Year （10） （moment）joining the audience of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games from space.
passage 11
Chinese astronauts in Tangong space station opened a science lecture on December 9th，2021 as they traveled around （1） Earth.
There （2） （be） a lecture and some interesting activities on that exciting day.First，Zhai Zhigang，Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu，all members of the Shenzhou XIII mission crew，greeted students，teachers and other participants as the lecture began at 3：40 pm.They then showed viewers the place（3） and worked.The astronauts carried out experiments to show interesting physical phenomena in space，（4） （include） "disappearing buoyancy （浮力）"and a "water ball".At last，before the end of the livestreamed activities，they（5） （happy） answered questions from students. （6） （million） of primary and middle school students across China watched the 60 minute televised event，which was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class，China's first extraterrestrial （地球大气圈外的） lecture series to make students interested（7） space science.
The manned space agency said that more lectures would（8） （hold） based on the country's manned spaceflights and would also be presented by some （9） （profession） Chinese astronauts.Such activities are intended （10） （spread） knowledge about manned spaceflights for science among young people.
passage 12
Chinese astronauts on December 9th，2021 beamed back a science lesson from the country's under﹣construction space station.Students from five cities，including Beijing and Hong Kong，peppered the astronauts with questions about living conditions in space and（1） （treat） to a virtual tour of the station.The event was also open to the public through a livestream.
Wang Yaping，（2） only woman aboard the station，served as the main（3） （instruct），while Ye Guangfu assisted and commander﹣in﹣chief Zhai Zhigang worked the camera.Wang had taught a similar lesson while aboard one of China's earlier experimental stations in 2013.
The three arrived at the station in October，2021 for a six﹣month stay，（4） （charge） mainly with preparing the main Tianhe module for the arrival of two（5） （addition） modules named Mengtian and Wentian ahead of completion by the end of 2022.
Their Shenzhou﹣13 mission is China's（6） （long） since it first put a human in space in 2003，becoming only the third country to do so after Russia and the U.S.
The three are the second crew on the permanent station，（7） upon completion will weigh about 66 tons，much smaller than the International Space Station，which launched its first module in 1998 and（8） （weigh） around 450 tons.
Along with installing equipment in preparation（9） the station's expansion，the crew is assessing living conditions in the Tianhe module，（10） （perform） experiments in space medicine and other areas.
passage 13
The first （1） （discover） of water on the moon was made in 2009 by India's Chandrayaan﹣1 mission.The team used NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument to （2） （final） discover water.Since then，water has been mapped from orbit in （3） （mission） like NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
China's Chang'e5 lunar lander used its mineralogical spectrometer （矿物学光谱仪）， （4） was designed to find water.It did so by （5） （determine） spectral reflectance （光谱反射率） measurements of rocks on the moon.The water was found near the Oceanus Procellarum on the moon's near side.
The Chang'e 5 landed on the moon on December 1，2020 with a mission to collect lunar rocks to bring back to Earth.This is China's first ever sample （样本） return mission；however，the country has had four （6） （success） robotic tasks to the moon before the Chang'e 5.
The lander was （7） the surface for less than 48 hours before it headed back into orbit around the moon.
China is （8） third country to bring samples back from the moon，after the United States and the Soviet Union.China is working hard to launch the Chang'e 6 in 2023.The lander is meant（9） （be）a backup to the Chang'e 5，but it（10） （head） to the lunar south pole for samples.
passage 14
Obstacles for Female Scientists in Africa
Female scientists in Africa are entrepreneurial and resourceful.They （1） （seek） innovative solutions to problems that affect their communities，and many are actively appealing to engage others in their work.But for more women on the continent to achieve in science，they need policies that help to lower the barriers to their success and that enhance international collaborations.
Women in Africa experience greater barriers to developing careers in science，technology，engineering and mathematics （STEM） than （2） in high﹣income countries do，with lack of funding a particular problem.Africa's researchers badly need long﹣term，stable investment from internal and external funding sources，including venture capital.In the latest poll，56% of respondents working in science in Africa cited a lack of funding as their （3） （great）career challenge，and it was the top concern for both men and women.If only Africa's governments and the international donor community （4） do more to help scientists to realize their ambitions：even modest funding increases might go a long way （5） accelerating nation﹣building.
Work–life balance is the second﹣most mentioned concern for women.It is clear （6） many of the women have made huge personal sacrifices to obtain their PhDs — those who study overseas and are mothers，for example，often spend months at a time away from their children， （7） （leave） them in the care of others，such as fathers and grandparents.
Moreover，some women have not been promoted as quickly as their male counterparts， （8） they are publishing at the same rate and bringing in as much research funding and equipment to their institutions as men.The reasons vary，but include （9） （evaluate） according to outdated standard.
In that case，international collaboration needs to be more common in helping African women scientists. （10） the COVID﹣19 pandemic has shown，such exchanges can happen on virtual platforms.Africa's female scientists are on the rise — and partnering with them could give sky﹣high returns.
passage 15
Video game developers （1） （use） artificial intelligence （AI） in new and interesting ways ever since some of the very first video games were made.
For example，in the 1972 game Pong，your opponent would move a certain way （2） （depend） on how you hit the ball.In 1978，the game Space Invaders introduced enemies that had different movement patterns.And in the 80s，Pac﹣Man was the first video game with enemies that could search for you based on the path you took.And those enemies were the first （3） （show） different personalities.
Although these advancements were nothing more than simple algorithms （算法），they were classified （4） AI because of the "intelligence'' they showed.They were programmed to act a certain way to make their actions （5） （believe） and challenge players.
And，as video games become （6） （increase） complicated，developers were trying to find novel means to make the virtual worlds more immersive （沉浸式的）for players.For instance，many modern games have characters and environments that change and respond to （7） a player acts in the game.
Although this is a huge jump in video game （8） （develop）.Al in video games is advancing in a way unlike ever before.But what exactly will the future look like for video games with （9） （advance） AI systems？
"When you think about the first time you played your favorite game，you only get that experience once.There's no way to copy that feeling." AI researcher and game developer Michael Cook said to the Verge， "But automated game design lets you （10） （have） that experience many times over，because this game can be constantly redesigning itself and refreshing itself，which is really cool."
passage 16
It is familiar to us Chinese that the year of 2023 is the Year of the Rabbit， （1） reminds us of the "rabbit" on the moon，China's Yutu﹣2 lunar rover （月球车）.
The Yutu﹣2 is named （2） the pet rabbit of the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e.On January 3，2019，the rover was brought to the far side of the moon by China's Chang'e﹣4 lunar probe.It was the first﹣ever soft landing on the（3） （previous） uncharted area of the lunar surface.
The Chang'e﹣4 lunar probe consists of a lander and the Yutu﹣2 rover.Before its launch，a relay satellite （4） （send） into space in May 2018 to facilitate earth﹣moon communication.So far，the rover has collected（5） （value） data on solar wind，soil，gel﹣like rocks and dead volcanoes.The data and images sent back by the Yutu﹣2 have enhanced geography knowledge of the landing site， （6） （deepen） understanding of the formation and evolution of the moon.
Of the many pictures of the lunar landscape（7） （take） by the Yutu﹣2，one square object caused great debate among people on Earth.When the rover finally approached the object，it turned out to be（8） rabbit﹣shaped rock.What an interesting coincidence!
The Yutu﹣2（9） （travel） more than 1，400 meters on the far side of the moon till now.It will continue to uncover more（10） （mystery） of the moon.
passage 17
China earlier on Thursday successfully launched Tianhe from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site，（1） （start） a series of key launch missions （2） aim to complete the construction of the station by the end of next year.
The construction of the space station and a state﹣level space lab， （3） （be） key goal to fulfilling the three strategic steps in China's manned space program and （4） important leading project for building China's （5） （strong） in science，technology and aerospace.
China's most adventurous space attempt，the multimodule space station named Tiangong，will have three main components — a core module （6） （attach） to two space laboratories — with a combined weight of nearly 70 tons.The core capsule，named Tianhe，is 16.6 meters long （7） has a diameter （直径） of 4.2 meters.The craft's weight is equal （8） the combined weight of 15 standard﹣size automobiles.
The capsule will be（9） （centre） to the space station's future operations，given that astronauts will live there and control the entire station from inside.It will （10） （use） to host scientific and technological experiments too.The entire station is expected to become fully operational around the end of 2022 and is set to work for about 15 years.
passage 18
Resources satellites mainly take on the jobs of observing the earth，including the land areas and the oceans，and（1） （call） "photographers in space".With the multispectral （多光谱的） remote sensors loaded on the satellites，humans can not only survey resources but also forecast natural disasters.Resources satellites can even see through the earth，exploring mineral resources and historical（2） （site） that cannot be observed by our eyes.
China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application（3） （be） the largest land observing satellite data center in China.Located in Haidian district in Beijing，it operates and manages 19 satellites，processing and distributing the satellite data.（4） monitoring natural resources and urban planning，its another task is to use satellite images（5） （support） disaster relief.When a disaster happens，the staff will immediately apply the satellites，obtaining clear images in（6） （respond） to the disaster.So far，the center has obtained images of disasters including the floods in India，the MH370 disappearance， （7） the forest fires in Australia.Such satellite images are offered to other countries free of charge，thus（8） （provide） timely support for disaster assessment and relief.
China's space industry has always been committed to enhancing human understanding of the earth， （9） can better promote human development.One day，when we look up at the sky，we may find that many satellites in （10） vast universe are looking back at us.
passage 19
ChatGPT is high﹣tech progress，not a revolution
ChatGPT is a powerful chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in November 2022. （1） （build） on top of OpenAI's GPT﹣3 family of large language models，it engages in human﹣like dialogue egged by prompting.It （2） （design） to respond in a natural，intuitive way and has numerous potential uses.
From a scientific point of view，there is a need to closely watch the development of such （3） （technology） before reaching a conclusion about their efficacy and helpful nature.Technology progresses step by step.So we should not panic thinking ChatGPT will take up jobs （4） till now needs humans to fulfill.
ChatGPT is an example of high﹣tech progress，not a revolution.
First，ChatGTP （5） （make） quite some progress in natural language processing，yet it still has a long way to go to completely understand the human mind and language faculty，because when it comes to professional writing，ChatGPT at times writes plausible﹣sounding but （6） （correct） or nonsensical answers.It might give some good answers to most of the general questions， （7） it is no substitute for professional advice，such as medical prognosis and prescriptions，or legal advice.
Second，ChatGPT is still a product （8） very limited application.It has the potential to be used for enhancing search engine functionality but，as a pre﹣trained language model，it will have limited use.
Due to these limitations，investors should not （9） （blind） invest huge amounts to further develop ChatGPT and should not expect quick returns on investment.Yet as a （10） （promise） AI development，ChatGPT is likely to advance in the medium，if not the short term.
passage 20
Will Robots Take Your Job in the Future？
In 2013，researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work.They concluded that almost one in every two jobs have a high risk of （1） （automate） by machines.Machine learning is the technology that's responsible for most of this situation.It's the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence.It allows machines to learn from data and imitate some of the things （2） humans can do.
Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early 1990s.It started with relatively simple tasks.It started with things （3） assessing credit risk from loan applications，sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes.Over the past few years，we （4） （make） dramatic breakthroughs.Machine learning is now capable of far，far （5） （complex） tasks.In 2012，Kaggle challenged its community （6） （build） an algorithm （算法） that could grade high﹣school essays.The winning algorithms were able to match the grades given by human teachers.
Now， （7） （give） the right data，machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this.A teacher （8） read 10，000 essays over a 40﹣year career.A machine can read millions of essays within minutes.We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent，high﹣volume tasks.
But there are things we can do that machines can't do. （9） machines have made very little progress is in dealing with novel situations.They can't handle things they haven't seen many times before.The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data.Now，humans don't.We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we've never seen before.Machines cannot compete with us when it comes to dealing with novel situations，and this （10） （put） a fundamental limit on the human tasks that machines will automate.科技创新类词汇对应语法填空
passage 1
Three Chinese astronauts landed in a northern desert on Sunday after six months in space.They had been working（1） （ complete） the basic structure of the Tiangong space station，a symbol of the country's（2） （ ambition） space program.A capsule carrying commander Chen Dong and astronauts Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe touched down at a landing site in the Gobi Desert in northern China at approximately 8：10 pm.
Before leaving the Chinese space station，they had spent almost five days with three（3） （ colleague） who arrived on Wednesday in the Shenzhou﹣15 spaceship，（4） （ mark） the first time China had six astronauts in space at the same time.
The astronauts（5） （ carry） out of the capsule by medical workers about 40 minutes after landing.They all wore smiles and appeared to be in good condition，waving（6） （happy）at the workers at the landing site.
The three astronauts were part of the Shenzhou﹣14 spaceship，（7） was launched in June.After their arrival at Tiangong space station，Chen，Liu and Cai performed three spacewalks，held a live science lecture from the station and conducted（8） range of experiments.
Tiangong space station will be the only space station still up and running in the universe one day（9） the International Space Station（10） （ retire） by around the end of the decade as expected.
【答案】（1）to complete （2）ambitious （3）colleagues （4）marking （5）were carried （6）happily （7）which （8）a （9）when/after/if （10）retires
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神舟十四号载人飞船返回舱成功着陆及宇航员们在太空中的工作。
【解答】（1）考查动词不定式。句意：为了完成天宫空间站的基本结构，他们一直在努力工作，这是中国雄心勃勃的太空计划的象征。句中有谓语动词"had been working"，故空格处应用非谓语动词，完成天宫空间站的基本结构是努力工作的目的，故空格处应用不定式"to complete"作目的状语。故填to complete。
（2）考查形容词。句意：为了完成天宫空间站的基本结构，他们一直在努力工作，这是中国雄心勃勃的太空计划的象征。"space program"为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，"ambition"为名词，对应的形容词为"ambitious"，意为"雄心勃勃的"。故填ambitious。
（3）考查可数名词的复数。句意：在离开中国空间站之前，他们和周三乘坐神舟十五号飞船抵达的三名同事一起度过了将近五天的时间，这标志着中国首次有六名宇航员同时在太空中。空格处应用名词，作宾语，"colleague"意为"同事"，为可数名词，"three"后接可数名词复数，"colleague"的复数形式为"colleagues"。故填colleagues。
（4）考查现在分词。句意：在离开中国空间站之前，他们和周三乘坐神舟十五号飞船抵达的三名同事一起度过了将近五天的时间，这标志着中国首次有六名宇航员同时在太空中。句中有谓语动词"had spent"，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句中表示自然而然的结果，故应用现在分词作结果状语，"mark"的现在分词为"marking"。故填marking。
（5）考查动词时态和语态。句意：宇航员在着陆后约40分钟被医务人员抬出太空舱。根据句意和句中"about 40 minutes after landing"可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，"astronauts"和"carry"为被动关系，故句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，"astronauts"和"were"连用，"carry"的过去分词为"carried"，故空格处应填"were carried"。故填were carried。
（6）考查副词。句意：他们都面带微笑，看起来状态很好，在着陆点向工作人员开心地挥手。"waving"为现在分词，空格处应用副词，作状语，"happy"为形容词，对应的副词为"happily"，意为"开心地"。故填happily。
（7）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这三名宇航员是6月发射的神舟十四号飞船的一部分。句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为"Shenzhou﹣14 spaceship"，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词"which"引导从句。故填which。
（8）考查固定短语。句意：抵达天宫空间站后，陈、刘和蔡进行了三次太空行走，在空间站举办了现场科学讲座，并进行了一系列实验。句中涉及固定短语"a range of…"，意为"一系列……"，故空格处应用"a"。故填a。
（9）考查条件/时间状语从句。句意：如果国际空间站按预期在本世纪末退役，天宫空间站将成为宇宙中唯一一个仍在运行的空间站。句子为条件状语从句，根据句意可知，应用"if"引导从句，意为"如果"，也可用"when"引导从句，意为"当……时"，或用"after"引导从句，意为"在……以后"，此时为时间状语从句。故填when/after/if。
（10）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如果国际空间站按预期在本世纪末退役，天宫空间站将成为宇宙中唯一一个仍在运行的空间站。句子为条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来，"International Space Station"为单个专有名词，故空格处应用"retire"的第三人称单数形式"retires"。故填retires。
passage
The rise in children's screen time has brought about calls for（1） （great）interaction and more outdoor exercise to improve learning and guard（2） the spread of shortsightedness.
Time spent online（3） （increase）dramatically in the past years.Millions of pupils have been forced （4） （switch） to remote learning，according to Qustodio software，（5） tracks usage of devices by children aged 4 to 15 in the UK，US and Spain.
One area of concern is eyesight.More occurrence of children's nearsightedness is likely caused by children being kept at home with schoolwork delivered online.It is uncertain（6） the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors，but previous studies have suggested daylight（7） （expose） is key.
Another concern is about sleep problems among children.It is definitely clinically significant.There's evidence that shows a sharp increase in children with sleep problems.A number of（8） （factor） may account for it，with increased screen time being （9） .
Parents also worry about the impact of too much screen time on children's mental and emotional development.Instead of interactions with their class，spending hours（10） （passive）sitting in front of a screen may lead to stress and other mental health problems.
【答案】（1）greater（2）against（3）has increased（4）to switch（5）which（6）whether（7）exposure（8）factors（9）one（10）passively
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述随着屏幕时间的增加，可能会给儿童造成近视和精神压力等各种问题。
【解答】（1）greater.考查比较级。句意：随着儿童屏幕时间的增加，人们呼吁加强互动和更多的户外运动，以提高学习和防止近视的蔓延。根据and可知，此处和下文中的"more outdoor exercise"并列，因此用形容词的比较级。故填greater。
（2）against.考查介词。句意：随着儿童屏幕时间的增加，人们呼吁加强互动和更多的户外运动，以提高学习和防止近视的蔓延。根据句意可知，此处表示"防止"近视，用固定短语guard against。故填against。
（3）has increased.考查动词时态及语态。句意：在过去的几年里，花在网上的时间急剧增加。根据句意可知，上网时间增加这一动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去，所以用现在完成时，主语为Time，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。故填has increased。
（4）to switch.考查动词不定式。句意：Qustodio software表示，数百万学生被迫转向远程学习。该公司追踪英国、美国和西班牙4至15岁儿童使用电子设备的情况。"被迫去做某事"为短语be forced to do sth。故填to switch。
（5）which.考查定语从句。句意：Qustodio software表示，数百万学生被迫转向远程学习。该公司追踪英国、美国和西班牙4至15岁儿童使用电子设备的情况。分析可知，空后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Qustodio software，且关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以用which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
（6）whether.考查主语从句。句意：目前还不清楚这种上升是由于花更多的时间在屏幕前还是较少的时间在户外，但此前的研究表明，日光暴露是关键。分析可知，句子为it作形式主语，真正的主语为空后的从句，根据句意和下文的or可以判断，该从句为whether…or…引导的主语从句。故填whether。
（7）exposure.考查名词。句意：目前还不清楚这种上升是由于花更多的时间在屏幕前还是较少的时间在户外，但此前的研究表明，日光暴露是关键。根据句意和空后的is可知，空处为表示"暴露"的名词作宾语从句的主语，exposure是不可数名词。故填exposure。
（8）factors.考查名词。句意：造成这一现象的原因有很多，屏幕时间的增加是其中之一。A number of表示"许多"，修饰可数名词复数。故填factors。
（9）one.考查代词。句意：造成这一现象的原因有很多，屏幕时间的增加是其中之一。根据句意可知，此处表示前面提到的"原因（factors）之一"，代指前面出现过的同名异物的名词，并且是单数，要用代词one。故填one。
（10）passively.考查副词。句意：被动地坐在屏幕前几个小时，而不是与他们的班级互动，可能会导致压力和其他心理健康问题。修饰动词sitting要用副词。故填passively。
passage 3
Chinese smart phone makers are focusing on foldable smartphones to wrap up the year of fierce competition in the high﹣end market.Huawei Technologies Co unveiled（发布）the P50 Pocket，its（1） （late）foldable handset，on Thursday.（2） （price）from 8，988 yuan（1，411）in China，the model reflects Huawei's intention （3） （sharpen） its technical and foldable design capabilities，market insiders said.
Huawei is well on its way to maintain a solid presence.The P50 Pocket（4） （expect） to go up against the Find N （5） Oppo unveiled last week.Smartphone brands such as Xiaomi and Vivo are also rolling up their sleeves in the foldable market.
The number of devices equipped with Harmony OS has been over 220 million units.The Internet of things devices （物联网设备） from third﹣party （6） （ company） that are powered by the Harmony OS Connect have exceeded 100 million units this year.
Huawei launched （7） （it） first foldable smartphone in 2019.Data from iResearch， （8） Market research firm，showed that Huawei accounted（9） 64 percent of China's foldable smartphone market this year.Foldable smartphones are turning （10） （increasing） popular in China as they become more affordable while foldable display technologies continue to mature.
Pete Lau，chief product officer of Oppo，said earlier he believes foldable smartphones will evolve （演变） from being novelties to necessities.
【答案】（1）latest（2）Priced（3）to sharpen（4）is expected （5）that/which （6）companies （7）its （8）a （9）for （10）increasingly
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为的可折叠智能手机。
【解答】（1）latest.考查最高级。句意：周四，华为技术有限公司发布了其最新的折叠式手机P50 Pocket。由"foldable handset"可知，句子表示"华为技术有限公司发布了其最新的折叠式手机P50 Pocket"，空格处意为"最新的"，是latest，故填latest。
（2）Priced.考查过去分词。句意：市场内部人士表示，这款手机在中国的售价为8988元（合1411美元），反映了华为提高其技术和可折叠设计能力的意图。句中谓语是reflects，空格处用非谓语动词，the model和price之间是逻辑动宾关系，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Priced。
（3）to sharpen.考查动词不定式。句意：市场内部人士表示，这款手机在中国的售价为8988元（合1411美元），反映了华为提高其技术和可折叠设计能力的意图。intention后用不定式作后置定语，故填to sharpen。
（4）is expected.考查动词时态语态和主谓一致，时态和主谓一致。句意：P50 Pocket有望与Oppo上周发布的Find N竞争。be expected to do是固定短语，意为"被期望做"，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语"The P50 Pocket"是单数，因此空格处是is expected。故填is expected。
（5）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：P50 Pocket有望与Oppo上周发布的Find N竞争。"Oppo unveiled last week"是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词"Find N"是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
（6）companies.考查可数名词的复数。句意：第三方公司的物联网设备由HarmonyOS Connect驱动，今年已经超过1亿台。company是可数名词，不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填companies。
（7）its.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：华为在2019年推出了首款折叠式智能手机。first foldable smartphone和it是所属关系，空格处意为"它的"，用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词短语"first foldable smartphone"，故填its。
（8）a.考查冠词。句意：市场研究公司iResearch的数据显示，华为今年占据了中国折叠式智能手机市场的64%。firm是可数名词，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，Market是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
（9）for.考查介词。句意：市场研究公司iResearch的数据显示，华为今年占据了中国折叠式智能手机市场的64%。account for是固定短语，意为"占据"，故填for。
（10）increasingly.考查副词。句意：折叠式智能手机在中国越来越受欢迎，因为它们越来越便宜，而折叠式显示屏技术也在不断成熟。空格处用副词修饰形容词popular，increasing的副词是increasingly，意为"越来越多地"，故填increasingly。
passage 4
For over a century ，student journalists at The Daily Tar Heel （ DTH ） have documented their college life and raised（1） （ variety ） questions on free expression ，tuition ，and big ﹣ time athletics...The independent student newspaper celebrated its 125th anniversary this year .To mark it ，student（2） （ report ） asked the question ：What ' s the future of the DTH ？
Student newspapers are faced（3） a dark reality.Falling advertising income ，increasing digital demands and the lack of subscription fees as they are free（4） （ read ） mean that such newspapers are finding them much（5） （ hard ） to survive .Most college papers have reduced their print editions .And while the DTH（6） （ use ）to produce around 22，000 newspapers ，it only makes around 10，000 now.
Increasingly，student journalists have turned their focus to their digital platforms（7） they can tell stories with social media.And though（8） can be challenging for them to move away from that print tradition，they manage to adapt very well.So what should student newspapers（9） （trap） in this situation do？Perhaps the ideal answer would be for universities to（10） （financial） support student journalism.In the meantime，college newspapers are figuring out their financial models as they go along.
【答案】（1）various（2）reporters（3）with（4）to read（5）harder（6）used（7）where（8）it（9）trapped（10）financially
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了学生报纸《The Daily Tar Heel》的发展和变革。
【解答】（1）various.考查形容词。句意：一个多世纪以来，《The Daily Tar Heel》的学生记者记录了他们的大学生活，并提出了各种各样的问题，包括自由表达、学费和一流的体育运动。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词questions，variety的形容词为various，意为"各种各样的"。故填various。
（2）reporters.考查可数名词复数。句意：为了纪念它，学生记者问了一个问题：DTH的未来是什么？分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词作主语，指人；reporter"记者"是可数名词，此处泛指DTH的学生记者们，需用复数形式。故填reporters。
（3）with.考查介词。句意：学生报纸面临着一个黑暗的现实。be faced with"面临"，是固定搭配。故填with。
（4）to read.考查动词不定式。句意：不断下降的广告收入、不断增长的数字需求，以及免费阅读带来的订阅费用的减少，意味着这类报纸的生存越来越困难。此处为"主语+be+adj.+to do"结构，主语they指代student newspapers，是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义，故填to read。
（5）harder.考查形容词比较级。句意：不断下降的广告收入、不断增长的数字需求，以及免费阅读带来的订阅费用的减少，意味着这类报纸的生存越来越困难。find后面接复合宾语，much修饰形容词比较级，所以空处应填harder作宾语补足语。故填harder。
（6）used.考查固定短语。句意：虽然DTH过去生产约2.2万份报纸，但现在只生产约1万份。分析语境可知，此处是两种情况的对比。根据空后to produce可知，此处表示"过去常常"，应用短语used to，故填used。
（7）where.考查定语从句。句意：越来越多的学生记者将注意力转向了他们的数字平台，在那里他们可以用社交媒体讲述故事。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是platforms，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
（8）it.考查it的用法。句意：虽然对他们来说，摆脱印刷传统是一个挑战，但他们能够很好地适应。分析句子结构可知，though引导的让步状语从句中，不定式短语作真正的主语，空处应用it作形式主语，构成it+be+adj.+（for sb）to do sth句型，故填it。
（9）trapped.考查过去分词。句意：那么身陷困境的学生报纸该怎么办呢？分析句子结构可知，本句已有动词do，且无连接词，空处应填非谓语动词；trap与newspapers是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填trapped。
（10）financially.考查副词。句意：也许理想的答案是大学在经济上支持学生新闻工作。空处作状语修饰动词support，故应用副词financially。故填financially。
passage 5
Starlink，a new satellite Internet system from the company SpaceX， （1） （change） the world more quickly nowadays than many people expected.Not only can the system be very useful in remote areas and emergency situations， （2） it also presents several important problems.
Before Starlink，most satellite Internet service was based on satellites that （3） （constant） remained above one point on Earth.This means that signals from farther away need to travel a long distance，causing delays.
Starlink has a web of satellites moving in a low orbit around the Earth.Because the satellites are closer，the speeds are（4） （fast）.This makes the service better for things that need to happen（5） delays，like holding meetings over the Internet.
SpaceX isn't the only company （6） works to provide this kind of satellite Internet service.For
example，OneWeb is a British company （7） （develop） a similar satellite Internet service.But Starlink is farther along than most others.Starlink currently works in 31（8） （country），but SpaceX plans to expand the service （9） （cover） the whole world.
Astronomers have complained that Starlink satellites are causing light （10） （pollute）.This makes it harder to study things in space without satellites getting in the way.SpaceX has worked to reduce the light from Starlink satellites.
【答案】（1）is changing （2）but （3）constantly （4）faster （5）without （6）that （7）developing （8）countries （9）to cover （10）pollution
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍Starlink是SpaceX公司的一种新型卫星互联网系统，其在迅速改变世界。同时介绍了它的优缺点。
【解答】（1）is changing.考查动词时态。句意：Starlink是SpaceX公司的一个新的卫星互联网系统，如今正在以比许多人预期的更快的速度改变世界。分析句子可知，此处应填入谓语动词，且表示"正在改变"，应用正在进行时。主语为"Starlink"，则应用is。故填is changing。
（2）but.考查连词。句意：该系统不仅在偏远地区和紧急情况下非常有用，而且还存在几个重要问题。Not only …but （also）…意为"不但……而且……"符合句意。故填but。
（3）constantly.考查副词。句意：在 Starlink 之前，大多数卫星互联网服务都基于始终保持在地球上一个点以上的卫星。分析句子可知，此处应填入副词修饰动词remained。故填constantly。
（4）faster.考查形容词比较级。句意：因为卫星更近，所以速度更快。根据前面的closer可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填faster。
（5）without.考查介词。句意：这使得服务可以更好地处理需要立即发生的事情，例如通过互联网举行会议。分析句子可知，名词delays作为宾语，前应填入介词。再结合句意"没有"可知，应用介词without。故填without。
（6）that.考查定语从句。句意：SpaceX 并不是唯一一家致力于提供这种卫星互联网服务的公司。分析句子可知，从此应填入定语从句的引导词，而先行词company 有the only修饰，所以用that引导。故填that。
（7）developing.考查现在分词。句意：例如，OneWeb是一家开发类似卫星互联网服务的英国公司。分析句子可知，此处应填入非谓语动词，且逻辑主语OneWeb 跟动词develop之间是"主谓关系"，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填developing
（8）countries.考查可数名词复数。句意：Starlink目前在31个国家开展业务，但 SpaceX 计划将服务扩展到全球。根据前面的31可知，此处应可数名词的复数形式。故填countries。
（9）to cover.考查动词不定式。句意：Starlink目前在31个国家开展业务，但 SpaceX 计划将服务扩展到全球。分析句子可知，此处应填入非谓语动词作目的状语，应用to do形式的非谓语动词。故填to cover。
（10）pollution.考查不可数名词。句意：天文学家抱怨星链卫星正在造成光污染。分析句子可知，名词light作定语修饰后面的名词，所以填pollute的名词形式pollution，意为"污染"，是不可数名词。故填pollution。
passage 6
Chinese science﹣fiction writer Liu Cixin met with his Russian readers during Russian Creative Week via video link on Sunday，（1） （share） his views on writing science fiction，the development of science and technology in the future.
Liu also said that he was working on his new book but it might take some time to finish."Probably a year （2） two，"Liu said.
Liu made a （3） （compare） of science fictions from different times."Science fictions in the past had a broad vision，（4） （most） describing space and the universe，and （5） （it）eyes were focused on the stars.Nowadays，science fictions focus on realistic（6） （problem），such as gender and race discrimination，environmental pollution and so on，"Liu said.
Liu， （7） is 58，said that he is trying to adapt his fiction for films and TV except for literary writing.US streaming platform Netflix announced in September 2020 that it （8） （order） an English﹣language series based （9） Liu's well﹣known trilogy The Three﹣Body Problem.He wants the series （10） （be） attractive and well﹣made."As long as the series will be interesting，I don't care how much the series change my book，"he noted.
【答案】（1）sharing （2）or （3）comparison （4）mostly （5）its （6）problems （7）who （8）had ordered （9）on （10）to be
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了《三体》的作者刘慈欣通过视频与俄罗斯读者见面，分享了他对科幻小说写作和未来科技发展的看法。
【解答】（1）sharing.考查现在分词。句意：周日，中国科幻作家刘慈欣在俄罗斯创意周期间通过视频与俄罗斯读者见面，分享了他对科幻小说写作和未来科技发展的看法。主句主语Chinese science﹣fiction writer Liu Cixin与share之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填sharing。
（2）or.考查连词。句意：刘慈欣还表示，他正在写自己的新书，但可能需要一些时间才能完成。"可能一两年，"刘慈欣说。a year or two一两年。故填or。
（3）comparison.考查可数名词单数。句意：刘慈欣对不同时代的科幻小说进行了比较。根据空前的a和空后介词of可知，空处为名词形式，且应用单数。故填comparison。
（4）mostly.考查副词。句意：过去的科幻小说视野广阔，主要描述太空和宇宙，目光集中在星星上。修饰动词describe用副词形式，mostly意为"主要地"。故填mostly。
（5）its.考查代词。句意：过去的科幻小说视野广阔，主要描述太空和宇宙，目光集中在星星上。名词eyes前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
（6）problems.考查可数名词复数。句意：如今，科幻小说关注的是现实问题，如性别和种族歧视、环境污染等。此处用名词problem做宾语，problem为可数名词，根据下文"gender and race discrimination，environmental pollution and so on"可知，为许多方面的问题，所以用名词的复数形式。故填problems。
（7）who.考查定语从句。句意：现年58岁的刘慈欣表示，他正在尝试将自己的小说改编成电影和电视剧，而不是文学创作。句中先行词为Liu，在非限定性定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。
（8）had ordered.考查动词时态。句意：美国流媒体平台Netflix于2020年9月宣布，已订购一部根据刘慈欣著名三部曲《三体》改编的英文电视剧。根据主句谓语动词announced可知，主句发生在过去，而从句动作又发生在announced之前，所以用过去完成时。故填had ordered。
（9）on.考查介词。句意：美国流媒体平台Netflix于2020年9月宣布，已订购一部根据刘慈欣著名三部曲《三体》改编的英文电视剧。be based on以……为基础。故填on。
（10）to be.考查动词不定式。句意：他希望这个系列具有吸引力，制作精良。分析句子可知，此处为固定结构want sb./sth.to do想要某人/某物做，所以want之后的宾语补足语，用动词不定式形式。故填to be。
passage 7
To test the technologies of China's permanent space station named Tiangong，Shenzhou XIII spacecraft（1） （launch） on October 16，2021 by a Long March 2 F carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
During the Shenzhou XII mission，the（2） （astronaut），Zhai Zhigang，who was the mission commander，Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu carried out two spacewalks（3） lasted more than 12 hours.Wang Yaping， （4） （know） as the first female Chinese spacewalker，took part in the first spacewalk on November 7.
In an orbit about 400 kilometers above the Earth，the crew members also carried out two science lectures for Chinese students.In one experiment，Wang used a Bing Dwen Dwen toy，the popular mascot of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games， （5） （display） how objects fly in（6） （weight） environment.In early February，they spent Chinese Lunar New Year inside the station，appeared in（7） live broadcast gala of CCTV and（8） （send） their best wishes to Chinese people.
After orbiting Earth for six months，Shenzhou XIII spacecraft circled the Earth several times to（9） （ gradual） approach it and returned to the mother planet on April 16.Medical service workers（10） the scene told China Central Television that the crew members were in good condition.
【答案】（1）was launched （2）astronauts （3）which （4）known （5）to display （6）weightless （7）the （8）sent （9）gradually （10）on
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神舟十三号飞船及其宇航员的相关情况。
【解答】（1）was launched.考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：为了测试名为天宫的中国永久性空间站的技术，神舟十三号飞船于2021年10月16日由长征二号F运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心发射。根据时间状语on October 16，2021可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语Shenzhou XIII spacecraft与动词launch之间为被动关系，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Shenzhou XIII spacecraft为单数，be动词应用was，故填was launched。
（2）astronauts.考查可数名词复数。句意：在神舟十三号任务期间，宇航员翟志刚兼任务指挥官、王亚平和叶光富进行了两次持续12个多小时的太空行走。astronaut"宇航员"为可数名词，根据语境可知，此处指翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富三位宇航员，故应用其复数形式，故填astronauts。
（3）which.考查定语从句关系词。句意：在神舟十三号任务期间，宇航员翟志刚兼任务指挥官、王亚平和叶光富进行了两次持续12个多小时的太空行走。此处引导定语从句，先行词为two spacewalks，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故需用关系代词which引导，故填which。
（4）known.考查过去分词。句意：王亚萍，被称为中国第一位女性太空行走者，于11月7日参加了第一次太空行走。分析可知，此处应填非谓语形式作定语，且know与其逻辑主语Wang Yaping之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语，故填known。
（5）to display.考查动词不定式。句意：在一个实验中，王亚平使用了北京2022年冬奥会的吉祥物冰墩墩玩偶来展示物体在失重环境中如何飞行。use sth to do sth"使用某物做某事"，故此处应用to do不定式作目的状语，故填to display。
（6）weightless.考查形容词。句意：在一个实验中，王亚平使用了北京2022年冬奥会的吉祥物冰墩墩玩偶来展示物体在失重环境中如何飞行。修饰后文名词environment应用形容词作定语，结合句意表示"失重的"应用形容词weightless，故填weightless。
（7）the.考查冠词。句意：2月初，他们在电视台度过了农历新年，出现在中央电视台的直播晚会上，并向中国人民致以最美好的祝愿。gala"庆典，晚会"为可数名词，结合语境可知，此处特指中央电视台的直播晚会，故应用定冠词the，故填the。
（8）sent.考查时态。句意：2月初，他们在电视台度过了农历新年，出现在中央电视台的直播晚会上，并向中国人民致以最美好的祝愿。设空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语in early February及前文spent和appeared可知，句子陈述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，故填sent。
（9）gradually.考查副词。句意：在绕地球轨道运行六个月后，神舟十三号飞船绕地球转了几圈，逐渐接近地球，并于4月16日返回地球。修饰动词approach应用副词作状语，故填gradually。
（10）on.考查固定短语。句意：现场的医务人员告诉中央电视台，机组人员状况良好。on the scene"到场，现场"，固定短语，故填on。
passage 8
Uploading a picture or video from a scenic spot to sites such as Douyin and Kuaishou（1） （know） in China as daka，meaning"punching the card".The aim is not to produce a well﹣crafted video or beautiful photograph，but simply（2） （show） that you have also been to the places that are popular.The beauty of the attractionis（3） （important） than the fact that people are flocking there to daka.
A subculture has developed of young people（4） embrace daka as a lifestyle.So﹣called daka zu—"daka tribes"—can be found wandering Chongqing and other cities，checking（5） at as many hot locations as possible within a single day.
Just as shops and restaurants in other countries try to attract customers with decorations that might be a backdrop（背景） for Instagram pictures，（6） in China try to make themselves as daka﹣friendly as possible；a coffee shop（7） （build） inside a shipping container，for example.
The daka craze may have（8） （practice） origins.China's young urban professionals have little vacation time.In their first year at a company，（9） （employ） can expect at most one day of vacation，They are（10） （routine） expected to work overtime for no pay.So workers need to make the most of their limited leisure time.Douyin captures the mood with its slogan："Make every second count."
【答案】（1）is known（2）to show（3）less important（4）who/that（5）in（6）those（7）built（8）practical（9）employees（10）routinely
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了"打卡式"旅游这一种新的生活方式的兴起，以及这一亚文化兴起背后的原因。
【解答】（1）is known.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国，将照片或视频从一个景点上传到抖音和快手等网站被称为 "打卡"。本句缺少谓语动词，主语为Uploading a picture or video，动名词做主语，概念上是单数，且与谓语动词know构成被动关系。根据上下文可知，此处时态用一般现在时，故填 is known。
（2）to show.考查动词不定式。句意：这样做的目的不是制作一段精心制作的视频或一张漂亮的照片，而是简单地表明你也去过一些受欢迎的地方。but连接to produce和to show的并列结构，此处用动词不定式作表语，故填to show。
（3）less important.考查形容词的比较级。句意：景点的优美并没有人们去打卡来的重要。根据上下文以及than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级，根据句意，故填less important。
（4）who/that.考查定语从句。句意：那些接受打卡作为一种生活方式的年轻人发展出了一种亚文化。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是young people，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who/that 引导。故填who/that。
（5）in.考查介词。句意：在重庆以及其他城市，可以发现所谓的"打卡族"—在这些地方闲逛，在一天之内到尽可能多的热门景点打卡签到。check in 为固定搭配，此处check in（ at hot locations）有"登记、报到"的意思，故填in。
（6）those.考查代词。句意：就像其他国家的商店和餐馆通过布置装饰品，使背景适合拍摄Ins风照片来吸引顾客，那些在中国的店也试图使他们自己尽量适合旅客们打卡：例如，北京一家建在集装箱内的咖啡店。此处指代前面提到的复数名词shops and restaurants，特指"中国的商店和餐馆"。故填those。
（7）built.考查过去分词。句意：就像其他国家的商店和餐馆通过布置装饰品，使背景适合拍摄Ins风照片来吸引顾客，那些在中国的店也试图使他们自己尽量适合旅客们打卡：例如，北京一家建在集装箱内的咖啡店。分析句子可知，build作后置定语，修饰a coffee shop，a coffee shop与build是被动关系，此处应用过去分词built作后置定语，故填built。
（8）practical.考查形容词。句意："打卡热"可能有其实际的起源。此处用作定语，修饰名词origins，故填practical。
（9）employees.考查名词单复数。句意：进入公司的第一年，员工们最多可以有一天假期。根据句意和上下文中的their，they可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，在句中作主语，故填employees。
（10）routinely.考查副词。句意：他们经常被要求无偿加班。此处用作状语，修饰动词are expected，要用副词，故填routinely。
passage 9
In recent decades，exploring Mars（1） （be） the top agenda for several countries.（2） latest news reveals an exciting fact：China's Tianwen﹣1 spacecraft has landed on a site on a vast plain known as Utopia Planitia，（3） （leave）a Chinese footprint on Mars for the first time.
The Chinese National Space Administration（CNSA） launched the Tianwen﹣1 mission to Mars in July，2020，which carried a golf﹣cart﹣sized rover（漫游车） called Zhurong，a lander，and an orbiter to Mars in an attempt（4） （explore） it.Today，it's reported that the rover has landed on the Red Planet，which is an（5） （excite） for Chinese people.The Zhurong rover，which is named（6） an ancient fire god in Chinese mythology（神话），will begin a mission by first imaging and self﹣inspecting（7） （it） parts before rolling out onto the alien planet.Once deployed（部署），the rover（8） （expect） to spend around 90 days（around 93 Earth days）.Going into the details，the rover packs six wheels and is（9） （rough） the size of NASA's twin Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity.The primary mission of the Zhurong rover is to study and understand the planet's composition and looks for signs of water and ice.The rover is carrying scientific instruments（10） include two panoramic cameras，ground﹣penetrating radar，and a magnetic field detector，all of which will help to study the climate and weather on Mars.
【答案】（1）has been（2）The（3）leaving（4）to explore（5）excitement（6）after（7）its（8）is expected（9）roughly（10）That/which
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了祝融号火星车成功在火星乌托邦平原着陆这一事件。
【解答】（1）has been.考查时态。句意：近几十年来，探索火星一直是几个国家的首要议程。根据时间状语In recent decades可知，此处用现在完成时，又因为主语是exploring Mars（为动名词短语作主语），故填has been。
（2）The.考查定冠词。句意：最新消息报道了一个令人兴奋的事件：中国的天问一号宇宙飞船降落在一个被称为"乌托邦平原"的广阔平原上，首次在火星上留下了中国的足迹。根据空后的latest news可知，此处用定冠词，表示"最新的"，故填The。
（3）leaving.考查现在分词。句意：最新消息报道了一个令人兴奋的事件：中国的天问一号宇宙飞船降落在一个被称为"乌托邦平原"的广阔平原上，首次在火星上留下了中国的足迹。此处表示一种自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。
（4）to explore.考查动词不定式。句意：2020年7月，中国国家航天局发射了天问一号任务，将"祝融"号火星车、一个着陆器和一个轨道飞行器发射到火星，试图探索它。in an attempt to do试图做……，故填to explore。
（5）excitement.考查不可数名词。句意：今天，据报道，火星车降落在这个红色星球上，这对中国人来说是一件激动人心的事。此处是抽象名词具体化，在句中作表语，表示"一件激动人心的事"，故填excitement。
（6）after.考查固定短语。句意：以中国神话中的古代火神命名的"祝融"号火星车将在首次部署之前，先对其部件进行成像和自我检查，然后再被发送到外星球，火星车预计将工作90天左右（约93个地球日）。详细介绍，火星车共有六个轮子，大约相当于美国宇航局的"勇气号"和"机遇号"火星车的大小。be named after，以……命名，故填after。
（7）its.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：以中国神话中的古代火神命名的"祝融"号火星车将在首次部署之前，先对其部件进行成像和自我检查，然后再被发送到外星球，火星车预计将工作90天左右（约93个地球日）。详细介绍，火星车共有六个轮子，大约相当于美国宇航局的"勇气号"和"机遇号"火星车的大小。修饰名词parts用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
（8）is expected.考查固定短语和时态。句意：以中国神话中的古代火神命名的"祝融"号火星车将在首次部署之前，先对其部件进行成像和自我检查，然后再被发送到外星球，火星车预计将工作90天左右（约93个地球日）。详细介绍，火星车共有六个轮子，大约相当于美国宇航局的"勇气号"和"机遇号"火星车的大小。be expected to do预计做……，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数，故填is expected。
（9）roughly.考查副词。句意同上。此处在句中作状语，应该用副词，表示"大约"，故填roughly。
（10）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：火星车携带的科学仪器包括两个全景照相机、探地雷达和一个磁场探测器，所有这些都将有助于研究火星的气候和天气。此处为定语从句，关系词指代先行词instruments（指物）并在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
passage 10
The Shenzhou﹣13 crew have （1） （safe） returned to Earth after their six﹣month orbital trip，（2） nearly doubled the previous record of China's longest single﹣flight space mission of 92 days set by the Shenzhou﹣12.
At 9：06 am on April 16，the ground controlling team （3） （order） the return and the return capsule separated with the Shenzhou﹣13 successfully.At 9：56 am，the Shenzhou﹣13 return capsule touched down successfully in Gobi Desert.The Shenzhou﹣13 crew exited the return capsule one hour and 10 minutes after their touchdown，（4） （fast） than that for Shenzhou﹣12 crew which took one hour and 40 minutes.Medical team confirmed that the crew Are （5） good health，marking the full success of the Shenzhou﹣13 mission.
Shenzhou﹣13 mission commander Zhai Zhigang got out of return capsule first，reporting"feeling good". （6） （follow） him，"Star﹣picking mom is home，"said Wang Yaping，the first spacewalking Chinese woman.And Ye Guangfu soon joined them with good spirits.
（7） （ensure） their safe return，the taikonauts have been taking physical exercises to train their muscles.Meanwhile，the ground support team has evaluated their physical and psychological condition and made targeted （8） （adjust）.
Other than the two spacewalks，the crew has also played （9） significant part in many historic moments in China in the past six months，sending their blessings during the Chinese New Year （10） （moment）joining the audience of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games from space.
【答案】（1）safely（2）which（3）ordered（4）faster（5）in（6）Following（7）To ensure（8）adjustments（9）a（10）moments
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了神舟13号宇航员成功返回地球以及他们在太空取得的成就。
【解答】（1）safely.考查副词。句意：神舟13号宇航员在完成为期6个月的轨道飞行后安全返回地球，这几乎是神舟12号创造的中国最长的单光太空飞行记录（92天）的两倍。空处需用副词作状语修饰空后动词return。故填safely。
（2）which.考查定语从句。句意：神舟13号宇航员在完成为期6个月的轨道飞行后安全返回地球，这几乎是神舟12号创造的中国最长的单光太空飞行记录（92天）的两倍。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
（3）ordered.考查动词时态。句意：4月16日上午9点06分，地面控制小组下令返回，返回舱与神舟13号成功分离。分析句子结构可知，此处并列连词and连接两个并列句；根据句首的时间状语At 9：06 am on April 16以及空后的中的separated可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填ordered。
（4）faster.考查副词的比较级。句意：宇航员在着陆后1小时10分钟离开返回舱，比神舟12号宇航员的时间快30分钟。由空后than可知，空处需用副词fast的比较级faster。故填faster。
（5）in.考查介词。句意：医疗小组证实，航天员健康状况良好，标志着神舟十三号任务圆满成功。in good health健康状况良好，固定搭配。故填in。
（6）Following考查动名词。句意：紧随其后的是中国首位太空行走女性王亚萍。分析句子结构可知，空处需用动名词作主语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Following。
（7）To ensure.考查动词不定式。句意：为了确保他们的安全返回，宇航员们一直在进行体育锻炼来训练他们的肌肉。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词take，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；结合句意可知，空处需用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填To ensure。
（8）adjustments.考查可数名词复数。句意：同时，地面保障团队对他们的身体和心理状况进行评估，有针对性地进行调整。动词made后需接名词作宾语，adjustment调整，名词，符合题意；此处表示泛指，名词需用复数。故填adjustments。
（9）a.考查冠词。句意：除了两次太空行走，在过去的六个月里，宇航员们在中国的许多历史性时刻也发挥了重要作用，他们在中国新年期间送上祝福，并在太空中观看北京2022年冬奥会。play a significant part in"在......起到了重要作用"，固定搭配。故填a。
（10）moments.考查可数名词复数。句意：除了两次太空行走，在过去的六个月里，宇航员们在中国的许多历史性时刻也发挥了重要作用，他们在中国新年期间送上祝福，并在太空中观看北京2022年冬奥会。many后需接可数名词复数。故填moments。
passage 11
Chinese astronauts in Tangong space station opened a science lecture on December 9th，2021 as they traveled around （1） Earth.
There （2） （be） a lecture and some interesting activities on that exciting day.First，Zhai Zhigang，Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu，all members of the Shenzhou XIII mission crew，greeted students，teachers and other participants as the lecture began at 3：40 pm.They then showed viewers the place（3） and worked.The astronauts carried out experiments to show interesting physical phenomena in space，（4） （include） "disappearing buoyancy （浮力）"and a "water ball".At last，before the end of the livestreamed activities，they（5） （happy） answered questions from students. （6） （million） of primary and middle school students across China watched the 60 minute televised event，which was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class，China's first extraterrestrial （地球大气圈外的） lecture series to make students interested（7） space science.
The manned space agency said that more lectures would（8） （hold） based on the country's manned spaceflights and would also be presented by some （9） （profession） Chinese astronauts.Such activities are intended （10） （spread） knowledge about manned spaceflights for science among young people.
【答案】（1）the （2）was （3）where （4）including （5）happily （6）Millions （7）in （8）be held （9）professional （10）to spread
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了2021年12月9日，中国宇航员在天宫空间站举行了一个科学讲座。通过此次讲座，全国学生了解到了许多太空的自然现象产生的原因，也让学生们对太空科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。
【解答】（1）the.考查冠词。句意：2021年12月9日，Tiangong太空站的中国宇航员在地球旅行时开了一个科学讲座。Earth地球，世界独一无二的东西前加定冠词the。故填the。
（2）was.考查动词时态。句意：在那激动人心的一天，有一场讲座和一些有趣的活动。根据句子on that exciting day，此处谓语动词用一般过去时，there be的be动词主谓一致根据就近原则，与a lecture保持一致，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was。
（3）where.考查定语从句。句意：然后，他们向观众展示了他们生活和工作的地方。定语从句修饰先行词the place，在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
（4）including.考查介词。句意：宇航员们进行的实验显示了太空中有趣的物理现象，包括"浮力消失"和"水球"。此处后接名词disappearing buoyancy and a water ball作宾语，表示"包括"应用介词including。故填including。
（5）happily.考查副词。句意：最后，在直播活动结束前，他们愉快地回答了学生的问题。修饰后面动词用副词happily，作状语。故填happily。
（6）Millions.考查可数名词复数。句意：中国数百万中小学生观看了这场60分钟的电视直播活动，这是天宫班的第一场讲座，天宫班是中国第一个让学生对太空科学感兴趣的地外系列讲座。此处为短语millions of表示"数百万"，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Millions。
（7）in.考查介词。句意：中国数百万中小学生观看了这场60分钟的电视直播活动，这是天宫班的第一场讲座，天宫班是中国第一个让学生对太空科学感兴趣的地外系列讲座。分析句子结构，前面make为使役动词，句中interested作宾语补足语，相当于形容词，后面接宾语应符合be interested in"对……感兴趣"搭配。故填in。
（8）be held.考查动词被动语态。句意：载人航天局表示，将根据中国载人航天飞行情况举办更多讲座，一些专业的中国宇航员也将参加讲座。根据句意，more lectures与动词hold构成被动关系，用被动关系，情态动词would接动词原形。故填be held。
（9）professional.考查形容词。句意：载人航天局表示，将根据中国载人航天飞行情况举办更多讲座，一些专业的中国宇航员也将参加讲座。此处修饰后面名词astronauts用形容词professional，作定语。故填professional。
（10）to spread.考查动词不定式。句意：这些活动旨在向年轻人传播载人航天的科学知识。此处为短语intend to do sth.表示"旨在做某事"。故填to spread。
passage 12
Chinese astronauts on December 9th，2021 beamed back a science lesson from the country's under﹣construction space station.Students from five cities，including Beijing and Hong Kong，peppered the astronauts with questions about living conditions in space and（1） （treat） to a virtual tour of the station.The event was also open to the public through a livestream.
Wang Yaping，（2） only woman aboard the station，served as the main（3） （instruct），while Ye Guangfu assisted and commander﹣in﹣chief Zhai Zhigang worked the camera.Wang had taught a similar lesson while aboard one of China's earlier experimental stations in 2013.
The three arrived at the station in October，2021 for a six﹣month stay，（4） （charge） mainly with preparing the main Tianhe module for the arrival of two（5） （addition） modules named Mengtian and Wentian ahead of completion by the end of 2022.
Their Shenzhou﹣13 mission is China's（6） （long） since it first put a human in space in 2003，becoming only the third country to do so after Russia and the U.S.
The three are the second crew on the permanent station，（7） upon completion will weigh about 66 tons，much smaller than the International Space Station，which launched its first module in 1998 and（8） （weigh） around 450 tons.
Along with installing equipment in preparation（9） the station's expansion，the crew is assessing living conditions in the Tianhe module，（10） （perform） experiments in space medicine and other areas.
【答案】（1）were treated（2）the（3）instructor（4）charged（5）additional（6）longest（7）which（8）weighs（9）for（10）performing
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了三名宇航员在空间站中进行授课及他们的主要任务。
【解答】（1）were treated.考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：来自包括北京和香港在内的五个城市的学生向宇航员们提出了大量关于太空生活条件的问题，并让他们在空间站进行了一次虚拟参观。分析句子结构可知，此处treat做谓语，与主语students是被动关系，且发生在过去，应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were treated。
（2）the.考查冠词。句意：空间站上唯一的女性王亚萍担任主要教官，叶光福协助拍摄，总司令翟志刚负责拍摄。表示"唯一的"是特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
（3）instructor.考查可数名词的单数。句意：空间站上唯一的女性王亚萍担任主要教官，叶光福协助拍摄，总司令翟志刚负责拍摄。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该用名词作宾语，此处指王亚萍，应用单数形式。故填instructor。
（4）charged.考查过去分词。句意：三人于2021年10月抵达空间站，并在空间站停留了6个月，主要任务是为"天河"主舱做准备，以便在2022年底前完成另外两个名为"梦天"和"问天"的舱的抵达。分析句子结构可知，charge在此处做非谓语，与逻辑主语the three是被动关系，表示"被赋予职责"，应该用过去分词形式。故填charged。
（5）additional.考查形容词。句意：空三人于2021年10月抵达空间站，并在空间站停留了6个月，主要任务是为"天河"主舱做准备，以便在2022年底前完成另外两个名为"梦天"和"问天"的舱的抵达。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用形容词来修饰后面的名词modules。故填additional。
（6）longest.考查形容词最高级。句意：他们的神舟13号任务是中国自2003年首次将人送入太空以来历时最长的一次，成为继俄罗斯和美国之后第三个这样做的国家。分析句意结合"since it first put a human in space in 2003"可知，此处是指自2003年来历时最长的一次航天任务，应该用形容词的最高级形式。故填longest。
（7）which.考查定语从句。句意：这三名宇航员是永久空间站上的第二组宇航员。永久空间站建成后重约66吨，比1998年发射首个太空舱、重约450吨的国际空间站小得多。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词permanent station是物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（8）weighs.考查时态及主谓一致。句意：这三名宇航员是永久空间站上的第二组宇航员。永久空间站建成后重约66吨，比1998年发射首个太空舱、重约450吨的国际空间站小得多。分析句子结构可知，weigh在此处做谓语，主语the International Space Station是第三人称单数，且表达的是一般事实，谓语应该用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填weighs。
（9）for.考查介词。句意：除了安装为空间站扩建做准备的设备外，宇航员们还在评估天河舱的生活条件，进行太空医学和其他领域的实验。in preparation for是固定搭配，意为"为……做准备"。故填for。
（10）performing.考查现在分词。句意：除了安装为空间站扩建做准备的设备外，宇航员们还在评估天河舱的生活条件，进行太空医学和其他领域的实验。分析句子结构可知，此处perform做非谓语，表示伴随，与逻辑主语是主动关系，应该用现在分词。故填performing。
passage 13
The first （1） （discover） of water on the moon was made in 2009 by India's Chandrayaan﹣1 mission.The team used NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument to （2） （final） discover water.Since then，water has been mapped from orbit in （3） （mission） like NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
China's Chang'e5 lunar lander used its mineralogical spectrometer （矿物学光谱仪）， （4） was designed to find water.It did so by （5） （determine） spectral reflectance （光谱反射率） measurements of rocks on the moon.The water was found near the Oceanus Procellarum on the moon's near side.
The Chang'e 5 landed on the moon on December 1，2020 with a mission to collect lunar rocks to bring back to Earth.This is China's first ever sample （样本） return mission；however，the country has had four （6） （success） robotic tasks to the moon before the Chang'e 5.
The lander was （7） the surface for less than 48 hours before it headed back into orbit around the moon.
China is （8） third country to bring samples back from the moon，after the United States and the Soviet Union.China is working hard to launch the Chang'e 6 in 2023.The lander is meant（9） （be）a backup to the Chang'e 5，but it（10） （head） to the lunar south pole for samples.
【答案】（1）discovery （2）finally （3）missions （4）which （5）determining （6）successful （7）on （8）the （9）to be （10）will head
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了印度、美国、苏联和中国在探索月球时取得的成就，并且中国将在2023年去月球南极采集样本。
【解答】（1）考查可数名词的单数。句意：2009年，印度的月船1号任务首次在月球上发现了水。序数词first后跟名词discovery作句子的主语，谓语为was made，所以用名词单数。故填discovery。
（2）考查副词。句意：该团队使用美国宇航局的月球矿物绘图仪最终发现了水。空处用副词finally修饰动词discover。故填finally。
（3）考查可数名词的复数。句意：从那时起，水就像美国宇航局的月球勘测轨道器一样被绘制在轨道上。空处填名词作介词in后的宾语，mission是可数名词，此处表泛指，所以填missions。故填missions。
（4）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：中国的嫦娥五号月球着陆器使用其矿物学光谱仪，旨在寻找水。空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 spectrometer，定语从句缺主语，先行词指物，所以从句用which引导。故填which。
（5）考查动名词。句意：它是通过测量月球上岩石的光谱反射率来做到这一点的。介词by后跟动名词作宾语，所以填determining。故填determining。
（6）考查形容词。句意：然而，在嫦娥五号之前，我国已经成功完成了四项机器人登月任务。空处用形容词successful，修饰名词 tasks作前置定语。故填successful。
（7）考查介词。句意：着陆器在月球表面停留了不到48小时，然后返回绕月轨道。空处填介词on构成介词短语作地点状语；on the surface意为"在表面上"。故填on。
（8）考查定冠词。句意：中国是继美国和苏联之后第三个从月球带回样本的国家。根据空后的序数词third可知，空处填定冠词the。故填the。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：该着陆器是嫦娥5号的备份，但它将前往月球南极采集样本。句中is meant是谓语动词，空处填非谓语动词。be meant to do sth为固定搭配，意为 "应做，按道理应该……"，所以填to be。故填to be。
（10）考查动词的时态。句意：该着陆器是嫦娥5号的备份，但它将前往月球南极采集样本。but后的分句中缺谓语动词，所以填谓语动词。根据上文" China is working hard to launch the Chang'e 6 in 2023（中国正努力在2023年发射嫦娥6号。）"可知时态用一般将来时，所以填will head。故填will head。
passage 14
Obstacles for Female Scientists in Africa
Female scientists in Africa are entrepreneurial and resourceful.They （1） （seek） innovative solutions to problems that affect their communities，and many are actively appealing to engage others in their work.But for more women on the continent to achieve in science，they need policies that help to lower the barriers to their success and that enhance international collaborations.
Women in Africa experience greater barriers to developing careers in science，technology，engineering and mathematics （STEM） than （2） in high﹣income countries do，with lack of funding a particular problem.Africa's researchers badly need long﹣term，stable investment from internal and external funding sources，including venture capital.In the latest poll，56% of respondents working in science in Africa cited a lack of funding as their （3） （great）career challenge，and it was the top concern for both men and women.If only Africa's governments and the international donor community （4） do more to help scientists to realize their ambitions：even modest funding increases might go a long way （5） accelerating nation﹣building.
Work–life balance is the second﹣most mentioned concern for women.It is clear （6） many of the women have made huge personal sacrifices to obtain their PhDs — those who study overseas and are mothers，for example，often spend months at a time away from their children， （7） （leave） them in the care of others，such as fathers and grandparents.
Moreover，some women have not been promoted as quickly as their male counterparts， （8） they are publishing at the same rate and bringing in as much research funding and equipment to their institutions as men.The reasons vary，but include （9） （evaluate） according to outdated standard.
In that case，international collaboration needs to be more common in helping African women scientists. （10） the COVID﹣19 pandemic has shown，such exchanges can happen on virtual platforms.Africa's female scientists are on the rise — and partnering with them could give sky﹣high returns.
【答案】（1）are seeking（2）those（3）greatest（4）could（5）to（6）that（7）leaving（8）even though（9）being evaluated（10）As
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了非洲女科学家面临的障碍。
【解答】（1）are seeking.考查动词时态。句意：他们正在寻求创新的解决方案，以解决影响社区的问题，许多人积极呼吁其他人参与他们的工作。结合句意可知，此处表示正在发生的事情，故用现在进行时，主语为they，谓语动词用复数形式，故填are seeking。
（2）those.考查代词。句意：与高收入国家相比，非洲妇女在发展科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）职业方面遇到了更大的障碍，缺乏资金是一个特殊的问题。结合句意可知，此处指代Women，故填those。
（3）greatest.考查最高级。句意：在最新的一次民意调查中，56%的非洲科学工作者表示，资金短缺是他们最大的职业挑战，也是男性和女性最关心的问题。结合句意可知，此处表示"最大的"，故用最高级，故填greatest。
（4）could.考查情态动词。句意：如果非洲各国政府和国际捐助界能够做更多的事情来帮助科学家实现他们的雄心壮志，那就好了：即使是适度的资金增长，也可能大大加速国家建设。could表示"能够"，符合句意，故填could。
（5）to.考查介词。句意：如果非洲各国政府和国际捐助界能够做更多的事情来帮助科学家实现他们的雄心壮志，那就好了：即使是适度的资金增长，也可能大大加速国家建设。a way to表示"去...的道路"，故填to。
（6）that.考查主语从句。句意：很明显，许多女性为了获得博士学位做出了巨大的个人牺牲。此处it作形式主语，该空引导主语从句，从句中不缺成分和含义，故填that。
（7）leaving.考查现在分词。句意：例如，那些在海外学习并为人母亲的人，往往一次离开孩子几个月，把孩子交给父亲和祖父母等其他人照顾。此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与leave之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填leaving。
（8）even though.考查让步状语从句。句意：此外，一些女性的升职速度没有男性同行快，尽管她们的出版速度与男性相同，并为其机构带来了与男性一样多的研究资金和设备。结合句意可知，此处表示"尽管"，引导让步状语从句，故填even though。
（9）being evaluated.考查动名词及语态。句意：原因各不相同，但包括根据过时的标准进行评估。include doing表示"包含做某事"，且主语reasons与evaluate之间是被动关系，故填being evaluated。
（10）As.考查定语从句。句意：正如2019冠状病毒疾病大流行所表明的那样，这种交流可以在虚拟平台上进行。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，表示"正如"，且首字母大写，故填As。
passage 15
Video game developers （1） （use） artificial intelligence （AI） in new and interesting ways ever since some of the very first video games were made.
For example，in the 1972 game Pong，your opponent would move a certain way （2） （depend） on how you hit the ball.In 1978，the game Space Invaders introduced enemies that had different movement patterns.And in the 80s，Pac﹣Man was the first video game with enemies that could search for you based on the path you took.And those enemies were the first （3） （show） different personalities.
Although these advancements were nothing more than simple algorithms （算法），they were classified （4） AI because of the "intelligence'' they showed.They were programmed to act a certain way to make their actions （5） （believe） and challenge players.
And，as video games become （6） （increase） complicated，developers were trying to find novel means to make the virtual worlds more immersive （沉浸式的）for players.For instance，many modern games have characters and environments that change and respond to （7） a player acts in the game.
Although this is a huge jump in video game （8） （develop）.Al in video games is advancing in a way unlike ever before.But what exactly will the future look like for video games with （9） （advance） AI systems？
"When you think about the first time you played your favorite game，you only get that experience once.There's no way to copy that feeling." AI researcher and game developer Michael Cook said to the Verge， "But automated game design lets you （10） （have） that experience many times over，because this game can be constantly redesigning itself and refreshing itself，which is really cool."
【答案】（1）have used/have been using（2）depending（3）to show（4）as（5）believable（6）increasingly（7）how（8）development（9）advanced（10）have
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电子游戏的发展以及人工智能在其发展中所起的巨大作用。
【解答】（1）考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自制作了第一批电子游戏以来，电子游戏开发人员就以新颖有趣的方式使用了人工智能（AI）。分析句子结构可知，所填词为主句谓语动词，根据ever since引导的时间状语从句可知，句子可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，主语video game developers为复数，助动词应用have。故填have used/have been using。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：比如，在1972年的游戏"Pong"中，你的对手会根据你击球的方式而以某种方式移动。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词would move，设空处应用非谓语形式作状语，depend on与其逻辑主语your opponent之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填depending。
（3）考查动词之不定式。句意：而那些敌人最先展现出不同的个性。the first to do sth."最先做某事"，故此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to show。
（4）考查介词。句意：尽管这些进步只不过是简单的算法，但由于它们表现出的"智能性"，它们被划分为人工智能。be classified as意为"被划分为"，为固定搭配。故填as。
（5）考查形容词。句意：它们经过编写程序设置后，能够以某种方式行动，这样可以让其行动可信，并且可以对玩家发起挑战。分析可知，此处使用了"make+宾语+宾语补足语"这一结构，故此处应用形容词believable"可信任的"作宾语补足语。故填believable。
（6）考查副词。句意：随着电子游戏变得越来越复杂，开发人员正试图寻找新颖的方法让虚拟世界对玩家来说更加身临其境。分析可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰形容词complicated。故填increasingly。
（7）考查宾语从句连接词。句意：比如，许多现代游戏的角色和环境会发生变化，并对玩家在游戏中的行为作出响应。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句作介词to的宾语，结合句意可知，此处应用how引导该从句，在从句中作方式状语。故填how。
（8）考查不可数名词。句意：尽管这是电子游戏发展的一大进步，但是电子游戏中的人工智能技术正在以前所未有的方式发展。分析可知，此处应用名词作介词in的宾语，development"发展"为不可数名词。故填development。
（9）考查形容词。句意：但是，具有先进的人工智能系统的电子游戏的未来究竟会是什么样子呢？分析可知，此处应用形容词advanced"先进的"作定语，修饰后文名词短语AI systems。故填advanced。
（10）考查动词不定式。句意：但是自动化的游戏设计让你有多次那样的体验，因为这个游戏可以不断地自我重新设计并自我更新，这真的很酷。let sb.do sth."让某人做某事"，故此处应用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填have。
passage 16
It is familiar to us Chinese that the year of 2023 is the Year of the Rabbit， （1） reminds us of the "rabbit" on the moon，China's Yutu﹣2 lunar rover （月球车）.
The Yutu﹣2 is named （2） the pet rabbit of the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e.On January 3，2019，the rover was brought to the far side of the moon by China's Chang'e﹣4 lunar probe.It was the first﹣ever soft landing on the（3） （previous） uncharted area of the lunar surface.
The Chang'e﹣4 lunar probe consists of a lander and the Yutu﹣2 rover.Before its launch，a relay satellite （4） （send） into space in May 2018 to facilitate earth﹣moon communication.So far，the rover has collected（5） （value） data on solar wind，soil，gel﹣like rocks and dead volcanoes.The data and images sent back by the Yutu﹣2 have enhanced geography knowledge of the landing site， （6） （deepen） understanding of the formation and evolution of the moon.
Of the many pictures of the lunar landscape（7） （take） by the Yutu﹣2，one square object caused great debate among people on Earth.When the rover finally approached the object，it turned out to be（8） rabbit﹣shaped rock.What an interesting coincidence!
The Yutu﹣2（9） （travel） more than 1，400 meters on the far side of the moon till now.It will continue to uncover more（10） （mystery） of the moon.
【答案】（1）which （2）after （3）previously （4）was sent （5）valuable （6）deepening （7）taken （8）a （9）has travelled##has traveled （10）mysteries
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的玉兔二号月球车的探月过程及其产生的深远意义。
【解答】（1）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们中国人都很熟悉2023年是兔年，这让我们想起了月球上的"兔子"﹣﹣﹣中国的玉兔二号月球车。此处是非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面整句话的内容，作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（2）考查介词。句意：玉兔二号以中国月亮女神嫦娥的宠物兔子命名。固定搭配be named after"以……名字命名"，after是介词。故填after。
（3）考查副词。句意：这是有史以来第一次软着陆月球表面的先前未知的区域。此处修饰形容词uncharted，应用副词，作状语。故填previously。
（4）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在它发射之前，2018年5月，一颗中继卫星被送入太空，以促进地月通信。根据in May 2018可知，应用一般过去时，send与a relay satellite是逻辑动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填was sent。
（5）考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，月球车已经收集了关于太阳风、土壤、凝胶状岩石和死火山的宝贵数据。此处修饰名词data，应用形容词，作定语，由句意可知，valuable"宝贵的"符合语境。故填valuable。
（6）考查现在分词。句意："玉兔二号"传回的数据和图像增强了对着陆点的地理认识，加深了对月球形成和演化的理解。此处表示前面动作产生的一种自然的结果，即属预料之中的事，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填deepening。
（7）考查过去分词。句意：在玉兔二号拍摄的众多月球景观照片中，有一张方形物体在地球上引起了人们的极大争议。take与pictures是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填taken。
（8）考查冠词。句意：当月球车最终接近该物体时，发现它是一块兔子形状的岩石。此处泛指"一块兔子形状的岩石"，应用不定冠词，rabbit﹣shaped是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
（9）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，玉兔2号已经在月球背面行进了1400多米。根据till now可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词使用has。故填has travelled或has traveled。
（10）考查可数名词的复数。句意：它将继续揭开月球的更多奥秘。mystery"奥秘"是可数名词，前面有more，数量大于一，应用名词复数形式。故填mysteries。
passage 17
China earlier on Thursday successfully launched Tianhe from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site，（1） （start） a series of key launch missions （2） aim to complete the construction of the station by the end of next year.
The construction of the space station and a state﹣level space lab， （3） （be） key goal to fulfilling the three strategic steps in China's manned space program and （4） important leading project for building China's （5） （strong） in science，technology and aerospace.
China's most adventurous space attempt，the multimodule space station named Tiangong，will have three main components — a core module （6） （attach） to two space laboratories — with a combined weight of nearly 70 tons.The core capsule，named Tianhe，is 16.6 meters long （7） has a diameter （直径） of 4.2 meters.The craft's weight is equal （8） the combined weight of 15 standard﹣size automobiles.
The capsule will be（9） （centre） to the space station's future operations，given that astronauts will live there and control the entire station from inside.It will （10） （use） to host scientific and technological experiments too.The entire station is expected to become fully operational around the end of 2022 and is set to work for about 15 years.
【答案】（1）starting（2）that/which（3）is（4）the（5）strength（6）attached（7）and（8）to（9）centred（10）be used
【分析】本文介绍了中国中国空间站和国家级空间实验室的建设，着重介绍了名为"天宫"的多模块空间站。
【解答】（1）starting.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国周四早些时候从文昌航天器发射场成功发射了天河，启动了一系列重点发射任务，目标是在明年年底前完成该站的建设。句中已有谓语动词launched，因此start是非谓语动词，和主语是主动关系，因此用现在分词作状语。故填starting。
（2）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：中国周四早些时候从文昌航天器发射场成功发射了天河，启动了一系列重点发射任务，目标是在明年年底前完成该站的建设。分析句子结构可知，句中含有定语从句，先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
（3）is.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：空间站和国家级空间实验室的建设，是实现我国载人航天三大战略目标的关键，是建设我国科技和航天实力的重要先导工程。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为不可数名词construction，谓语动词用三单形式。故填is。
（4）the.考查冠词。句意：空间站和国家级空间实验室的建设，是实现我国载人航天三大战略目标的关键，是建设我国科技和航天实力的重要先导工程。根据句意可知，这里特指"建设我国科技和航天实力"的重要性，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
（5）strength.考查不可数名词。句意：空间站和国家级空间实验室的建设，是实现我国载人航天三大战略目标的关键，是建设我国科技和航天实力的重要先导工程。分析句子结构可知，空格处作介词的宾语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词，故填strength。
（6）attached.考查过去分词。句意：中国最具冒险精神的太空尝试，名为"天宫"的多模块空间站，将有三个主要部件——一个核心舱连接两个空间实验室——总重量近70吨。attach和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填attached。
（7）and.考查连词。句意：核心舱名为天河，长16.6米，直径4.2米。这个航天器的重量相当于15辆标准尺寸汽车的总重。根据句意，前后是并列关系，所以用and连接，故填and。
（8）to.考查介词。句意：核心舱名为天河，长16.6米，直径4.2米。这个航天器的重量相当于15辆标准尺寸汽车的总重。be equal to意为"与……相等"，为固定搭配，故填to。
（9）centred.考查被动语态。句意：考虑到宇航员将住在那里，并从内部控制整个空间站，太空舱将成为空间站未来运行的中心。根据句意，centre和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词和be构成被动语态，故填centred。
（10）be used.考查被动语态。句意：它也将用于举办科技实验。整个核电站预计将在2022年底左右全面投入运营，预计将运行15年左右。use和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，前面有will，故填be used。
passage 18
Resources satellites mainly take on the jobs of observing the earth，including the land areas and the oceans，and（1） （call） "photographers in space".With the multispectral （多光谱的） remote sensors loaded on the satellites，humans can not only survey resources but also forecast natural disasters.Resources satellites can even see through the earth，exploring mineral resources and historical（2） （site） that cannot be observed by our eyes.
China Center for Resources Sat
