文化类词汇对应阅读
passage 1
Join Us，Succeed Together!
To meet the rapid development of Wal﹣Mart in China，we now invite people with qualification to join us.
Construction Manager
You are employed to lead and train a team of project managers and manage all stages of projects under construction throughout China.
Requirements：University graduate in Architecture with at least 6 years in Project Management.Being able to work on weekends and on the night shift is a distinct advantage.
Public Relation Manager
Your duties include publishing the news related to the company，supporting and maintaining（维护）the local public relationship all over the country.
Requirements：Bachelor degree or above，3 + years' managerial experience.Good command of Chinese and English.Rich media network，excellent negotiation skill，and good organization skill.Senior Market Research Manager
We are accepting applicants who are responsible for researchprojects design，quality control，data analysis，report preparation and presentation.You also communicate with research suppliers，manage and control the survey quality.
Requirements：Bachelor degree or above，majoring in Business Administration or Marketing.Fluent English，skillful PC operation and complete knowledge about statistics & data processing.Business Development Manager
You are responsible for finding new business sites.You'll conduct negotiations，sign and keep good relationship with developers.
Requirements：Bachelor degree，good spoken and written English and good computer skill.5 plus years experience with not less than 3﹣year experience in business development field.
（1）What is a plus if you apply to be a construction manager？
A.Willingness to work overtime.
B.Rich working experience.
C.Great sense of team spirit.
D.Excellent human relations.
（2）What position requires an applicant to master English and Chinese？
A.Construction manager.
B.Public relation manager.
C.Business development manager.
D.Senior market research manager.
（3）What's the duty of a business development manager？
A.Checking project quality.
B.Training project managers.
C.Negotiating with developers.
D.Publishing the corporate news.
passage 2
Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of France's most important tourist sites are being gradually destroyed.Scientists and researchers fear that the 36，000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly that they will not survive for future generations.
The mountain believed to have once been a site for prayer is scattered （散布） with 4000﹣year﹣old drawings cut into bare rock.But as the popularity of the site increases，the pictures are being ruined by thoughtless graffiti （涂鸦）.
Jean Clottes is the chairman of the International Committee on Rock Art.He says "People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there.But if the damage continues at this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years."
He describes seeing tourists stamping on the drawings，wearing away the rock and clearness of the artwork as they do so.Some visitors he says even cut off parts to take home as souvenirs.Other researchers describe how people arrive carrying long sticks with sharp ends to scratch their own drawings，or even their names in the rocks.
But experts are divided over the best way to preserve the drawings.Henry de Lumley，director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris，believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a "no﹣go" area，preventing the public from going there except on guided tours.
Clottes disagrees. "The measure suggested by Henry de Lumley is the most severe，and while it is the most effective，it is also certain to bring about protests from people who live there " he said. "The site was classified as a historic monument years ago by the Ministry of Culture and we must do as much as possible to save what is there."
Annie Echassoux who also worked on researching the site is alarmed that as the mountain becomes easier to reach — tourists can now avoid the three﹣and﹣a﹣half﹣hour walk by hiring vehicles — the damage will increase rapidly.She thinks that the only solution is to rope off the area and provide guides. "You can't say the plan can't go ahead because there is no money " she said. "That is not good enough.Money must be provided because the Ministry of Culture has classified this area as a historic site.If we don't take steps，we will be responsible for losing the drawings for the next generation."
（1）Jean Clottes says that people who visit the mountain .
A.do not believe the drawings are old
B.believe they are allowed to paint there
C.assume the drawings will not disappear
D.think the drawings should be left alone
（2）According to Jean Clottes some of the visitors to the area have .
A.taken bits of the rock home
B.helped to clean the drawings
C.been unable to take photographs
D.misunderstood what the pictures mean
（3）Henry de Lumley is eager to .
A.protect public rights
B.ban traffic in the area
C.set up research projects
D.keep out individual visitors
（4）Which word best describes Annie Echassoux's attitude towards saving the historic site？
A.Worried.
B.Supportive.
C.Disappointed.
D.Hesitant.
（5）This passage has been written about Mont Bego to .
A.advertise the closing of the site
B.encourage scientists to visit the site
C.describe fears for the future of the site
D.warn visitors about the dangers of the site
passage 3
Explore China's Ancient Water Towns
Nanxun
This water town typically draws smaller crowds.The architecture is a unique mix of traditional Chinese and Western styles.As you walk along the ancient canals，you're likely to see locals playing cards or having tea outdoors.The town dates back to the Chunyou Period of the Song Dynasty，between the years of 1241 to 1252.Today，it's considered to be the best destination for weddings.
Tongli
Tongli is considered a mini Venice，with nearly every building on or by a canal.The town itself is composed of seven small islands，separated by 15 canals and joined by more than 40 bridges—plus，five lakes surround the town itself.Tongli is more than 1，000 years old，and the oldest bridge in the town dates back to the Song Dynasty，which began in the year 960.Visitors here should check out the wedding museum，which has antique Chinese wedding clothes and items on display.
Zhouzhuang
This is the most famous and most commercialized ancient water town in China.The architecture here dates back more than 900 years，with about 60 original brick archivesand 100 original courtyards.More recently，a tower called Quanfu Temple was built in 1987.Climb to the top to get the best view of the ancient town.Or for a more authentic experience，visit Chengxu Taoist Temple，which was built between 1086 and 1093.It's one of the most famous Taoist temples in the area.
Xitang
Xitang separates itself from other water towns with sheltered waterside streets，allowing locals and guests to comfortably walk alongside the canals even during the rainy season.Thanks to a less commercial atmosphere，visitors will be rewarded with opportunities that aren't likely to be found in other water towns—like fishing with locals on the canals and having dinner on a boat.Xitang is truly ancient，dating back to the Warring States Period of 476 BC to 221 BC.
（1）Which town will an ancient Chinese wedding culture lover most probably prefer？
A.Nanxun.
B.Xitang.
C.Tongli.
D.Zhouzhuang.
（2）When was Quanfu Temple built？
A.In 900.
B.In 1086.
C.In 1093.
D.In 1987.
（3）What is unique about Xitang？
A.Its famous Taoist temples.
B.Its sheltered waterside streets.
C.Its various ancient bridges.
D.Its commercial atmosphere.
passage 4
Few would question that arts，in its massive forms and media，are like a mirror that reflects the social，cultural.economic or even political situation of a society of a particular era.However，beyond being simply an illustration of the human condition.arts can be vital in pushing the country forward.culturally and economically.
Without doubt，arts are important for the progress of society.They enable individuals to develop on the whole and deepen the social ties in communities by gathering people to create.experience and enjoy art together，which can be seen from traditional ethnic dances to interactive theatre performances.Beyond material wants and.needs，human beings find fulfilment in experiencing and expressing things of remarkable value through arts.Meanwhile，strong citizens' participation in arts also strengthens the social fabric of a nation.
Morcover，arts enable a nation to progress in human rights and values.As powerful media that are able to stir hearts and cause reflection，arts can speak up the human voice of criticism sharply and clearly in times of crisis，and call upon society to seek the common good.It is evident that arts，which express human values and emotions，can constitute a profound way of promoting human dignity and additionally，form the barrier of the ethical and moral life of society.
More often than not，a booming arts scene may not narrow the rich﹣poor divide.It's not hard to see that in a highly competitive world，it is essential for governments to prioritize the development of a strong workforce and the building of sustainable industries.However，where they can be afforded，arts may well complement （补充） economic policies as arts encourage individuals to exercise creativity.As Albert Einstein stated，imagination is more important than knowledge.While knowledge and professional skills may stimulate a country's development，the ability to innovate and think out of the box may be valuable to a society facing ever new and unpredictable challenges.
While the importance of arts may differ from country to country，depending on its economic circumstances and the social﹣political issues each face，the importance of arts to the progress of a nation should not be overlooked.
（1）What's the first paragraph mainly about？
A.The forms of arts.
B.The functions of arms.
C.The definition of arts.
D.The development of arts.
（2）How do arts influence human nights and values？
A.By reflecting humans' views.
B.By pointing out the common good.
C.By giving people a sense of fulfilment.
D.By forming the moral standard of society.
（3）Why is Albert Einstein mentioned in paragraph 4？
A.To praise Albert Einstein's achievements.
B.To call on humans to remember our history.
C.To stress the unimportance of arts in creativity.
D.To show the necessity of knowledge and skills.
（4）What will the author probably agree with？
A.Arts serve as the major influence in values.
B.Arts play a part in the progress of a country.
C.Arts should aim at strengthening social bonds.
D.Arts can bridge the gap between rich and poor.
passage 5
The artifacts（文物）are silent witnesses of bygone eras.It is only in a museum that you can reconnect with the past.If you are visiting museums in Sydney，the following will offer you the best experiences that reflect on the diverse history of Australia and its people.
Powerhouse Museum
In case you are visiting Sydney with your family，this museum offers one of the most exciting experiences in this city.The museum's exhibits are devoted to displaying technologies that have transformed our world.Detailing innovations in space travel，nuclear science and the workings of light，electricity and gravity，they will surely interest your entire family，especially the young ones.
Australian National Maritime Museum
Australia is surrounded by water.Getting some insights into how this huge land relates to its surrounding waters is quite helpful as it is exciting.Learn how Australia and its people have been affected by the waters.Go back in history and learn about the experiences of the first people brought to Australia as prisoners.The Sea Journeys exhibit takes care of this.
Australian Museum
Imagine coming face to face with ten complete dinosaur skeletons in the Dinosaur exhibit!As you walk through the museum，you will come across the Exploring Australia exhibit which will take you through stuffed recreations of some of Australia's most dangerous animals including the now﹣extinct Tasmanian Tiger，ten most poisonous snakes and a number of crocodiles.Certainly，this is a museum you will not want to miss out on.
Museum of Sydney
Here you will learn everything about the rich and diverse history of this city.The digital presentations will interest you.Get the opportunity to view a huge range of artifacts from Sydney's history.The gift shop in the museum gives you a wide range of special gifts to choose for your loved ones.
（1）What is special about Powerhouse Museum？
A.It's especially kid﹣friendly.
B.Its exhibits are the latest.
C.It tells Australia's early history.
D.It reflects Sydney's life near the sea.
（2）Where does the Exploring Australia exhibit take place？
A.Powerhouse Museum.
B.Museum of Sydney.
C.Australian Museum.
D.Australian National Maritime Museum.
（3）Who are the intended readers of this text？
A.Students.
B.Tourists.
C.Historians.
D.Journalists.
passage 6
With lion dance，Chinese Kongfu，Chinese crosstalk，songs and dances，and award﹣winning speeches，students from across New Zealand showed their Chinese language skills in the annual "Chinese Bridge" event held on Saturday.
Fifteen secondary school students and two primary school students participated in the event，which was organized by the Confucius Institute in Auckland.
Naisi，a New Zealand member of parliament （议会），reflected on his own experience of learning Chinese.He came to New Zealand at five.He had very patient Chinese teachers and passed the Chinese language tests smoothly.The capability to speak Chinese grounded him well in his Chinese culture.He is looking forward to hearing from bilingual （双语） talents who will help New Zealand become more diverse and promote cross﹣cultural exchanges.
Elijah from the Lincoln High School started learning Chinese when he was eleven.It was his fifth time to participate in the "Chinese Bridge".He said that learning Chinese is of great help for him to know China better and he wished to visit the Great Wall in Beijing，the Oriental Pearl Tower in Shanghai and the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan.
Ryan from the Christchurch Boy's High School said that learning Chinese provides him with more opportunities for future career development.He said it was awesome that learning Chinese could allow him to make friends with 1.4 billion people.
Chinese Ambassador Trophy from ACG Parnell College said that learning Chinese had opened a new door for him.From leaning Chinese，he started to understand the meaning of filial piety （孝顺），which made him closer to his parents.He learned Chinese very hard and wished the friendship between New Zealand and China makes further progress.
（1）What can we learn about"Chinese Bridge"event from the first paragraph？
A．It's a Chinese bridge.
B．It's held on weekdays.
C．It's a yearly event.
D．It's held for Chinese students.
（2）Why could Naisi know Chinese culture well？
A．He relied on his own experience.
B．He had the ability to speak Chinese.
C．He began to learn Chinese at five.
D．He attracted some bilingual talents.
（3）What has Trophy benefited from learning Chinese？
A．Organizing the cross﹣culture event.
B．Securing him a job in China.
C．Visiting China with a scholarship.
D．Having a better relationship with his parents.
（4）What did the four men mentioned in the passage think of learning Chinese？
A．Amusing.
B．Meaningful.
C．Efficient.
D．Tough.
passage 7
Chinese ink paintings once were on the edge of being forgotten﹣at least according to a paper of Li Xiaoshan，a postgraduate art student.
At the time，many Chinese painting professionals passed away without finding younger artists to fill their shoes.Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs and define themselves as artists.While extremely exaggerated （夸张），Li's comment sent shock waves through the Chinese painting community.Since then，many experimental painters have taken to their studios in China，creating many astonishing and inspirational ink paintings using new methods and concepts，marking an important step for the development of contemporary Chinese paintings.
Shao Ge is a representative of this new form.Born to an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962，Shao was keen on traditional Chinese paintings.As a child，he spent much of his time staring at the ink masterpieces in the Palace Museum.There was an elder neighbor，who was good at Chinese painting and calligraphy.In his spare time，the kind elder talked about traditional Chinese culture to young Shao.Some years later，Shao decided to study painting after graduating from high school.After graduating in the Beijing Arts and Crafts School in 1978，Shao was sent to work at a small crafts factory.Before long，the factory went bankrupt.Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for RongBao Zhai，a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672.This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings.
"At first，I just drew everything﹣landscapes，figures，flowers，birds，and fish，" Shao said. "But I soon found sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese paintings would be a brake on my development as a professional painter.For this reason，I decided to innovate my own style."
（1）What do the underlined words "fill their shoes" mean in Paragraph 2？
A．Calm them down.
B．Ask them for help.
C．Focus on themselves.
D．Take over their roles.
（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly introduce about Shao Ge？
A．His journey to art.
B．His family background.
C．His neighbor's influence.
D．His passion for learning.
（3）What will be probably talked about in the next paragraph？
A．People's view of Shao's painting.
B．Shao's impact on Chinese painting.
C．The development of traditional painting.
D．Shao's successful experiment in painting.
（4）In which column of a newspaper can this text probably be found？
A．Fashion.
B．Feature.
C．Education.
D．Literature.
passage 8
Some Italian architects have completed the first 3 D﹣printed home made from clay recently.It is called TECLA，which comes from "technology" and "clay".
Its founder，Mario Cucinella，points out that building homes from earth is not new.Adobe﹣made from a mix of earth，water and organic material﹣is one of the world's earliest construction materials，known for its firmness，and bio﹣degradability.He hopes that its design can become a practical option to house people who lack adequate housing due to financial issues.
Over the past few years，many 3 D﹣printed homes and communities have been conceptualized，promising low construction costs.But while previous structures were built using concrete or plastic，TECLA was mainly built from soil at the site mixed with water and fibers from rice husks.Cucinella believes this approach can be adopted in different parts of the world，using whatever local materials are available，and could be particularly helpful in remote areas，where industrial construction materials are harder to come by.
Printing with clay has its drawbacks.It's a much slower process than quick﹣drying concrete 3 D﹣printed homes and all﹣clay skyscrapers are not likely in the future.However，the use of available soil and the program's ease of construction mean that TECLA could be well﹣suited to provide housing in many different countries.It is estimated that by 2030，3 billion people will require access to accessible and affordable residences. "You can build this kind of house in many more places when you are not dependent on some specific product，" Cucinella explained.
TECLA has drawn wide attention. "I'm not in the position to say this will be the future of all houses on the planet， "Russo，another 3 D﹣printing architect said.However，he added， "I think this revolution of 3 D printing is to give people a degree of freedom in how to do things，without being connected to a big，professional industry."
（1）What's the purpose of TECLA？
A．To make 3 D﹣printed homes firmer.
B．To assist in solving housing issues.
C．To provide alternatives for house buyers.
D．To help the poor through financial difficulty.
（2）What can we learn about the construction of TECLA？
A．It's quite expensive.
B．It takes a shorter time.
C．It's a demanding process.
D．It's flexible in material selection.
（3）What is Russo's attitude to TECLA？
A．Favorable.
B．Critical.
C．Doubtful.
D．Tolerant.
（4）What's the text mainly about？
A．A design that can replace the previous patterns.
B．A technology that takes the lead in architecture.
C．A structure where tradition meets new technology.
D．A trend where technology is coupled with architecture.
passage 9
Invented in the Tang Dynasty and widely adopted after the Song Dynasty in Fujian，the watertight﹣bulkhead （水密舱壁） technology permits the construction of ocean﹣going ships with watertight compartments（隔层）.If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged at sea，water will not flood the other cabins and the ships will remain afloat.
The experience and working methods of watertight﹣bulkhead technology are transmitted orally from master to apprentices.However，the need for Chinese junks（中国式帆船） has decreased sharply as wooden ships have been replaced by steel﹣hulled ships，and today only three masters can claim full command of this technology.Associated building costs have also increased owing to a shortage in raw materials.Therefore，the inheritance（继承） of this heritage is decreasing，and inheritors are forced to seek alternative employment.
Zhang Guohui，a 77﹣year﹣old inheritor of the watertight﹣bulkhead techniques used to make Chinese junks，has been making ships for more than six ing from a poor family in a fishing town in East China's Fujian Province，Zhang started to make a living at the age of 16 fishing on the open seas，which is where he developed a keen interest in constructing boats.As a fast learner，Zhang was later sent to shipyards in the cities of Quanzhou and Xiamen in Fujian
Province，where he received training and became a master of traditional Chinese junks and gained fame because of his extremely skilled craftsmanship in the construction of these junks.
In fear that the traditional skills would die someday，Zhang started to restore old ships and make model junks for the museum with his 20 years of shipbuilding skills. "The restored ancient ships are the historical witnesses of Quanzhou as a maritime center of the East and Southeast Asia trade network，" said Zhang，adding that he finds the work meaningful since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of ancient ships that their ancestors had advanced shipbuilding technology at an early stage of development. "As long as I'm alive，I'll keep passing on the heritage，" he said.
（1）What function is expected of the watertight﹣bulkhead technology？
A．To prevent ships from sinking.
B．To reduce the weight of ships.
C．To allow ships to sail faster.
D．To help ships resist strong winds.
（2）Which of the following is the purpose of paragraph 2？
A．To prove the significance of steel﹣hulled ships."
B．To stress the complex process of building wooden ships.
C．To present people's efforts to pass down cultural heritages.
D．To show difficulties of inheriting watertight﹣bulkhead technology.
（3）What can we learn about Zhang Guohui from paragraph 3？
A．He supports his family by fishing.
B．He was born with a talent for shipbuilding.
C．He has devoted himself to constructing boats.
D．He has won many awards for restoring ancient ships.
（4）What does Zhang Guohui convey in his words？
A．Traditional culture should be innovated with the times.
B．The ancient ship trade originated from Quanzhou in China.
C．It is necessary for modern students to learn shipbuilding skills.
D．It is worth passing on traditional skills from generation to generation.
passage 10
The Chinese new year begins on 22 January，2023 and lasts until 9 February 2024.While most of Asia celebrates the year of the rabbit，Vietnam celebrates the year of the cat.In the Chinese zodiac（十二生肖），there are 12 animals，and the 4th animal is the rabbit；while in the Vietnamese zodiac，the 4th position is occupied by the cat.How the cat covered for the rabbit in Vietnam's zodiac is still the subject of debate.
It was said the Jade Emperor organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world.The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the zodiac.In the Chinese version of the story，the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water.The rat won the race，turning the two animals into enemies.That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since.However，in the Vietnamese version—which did not have a rabbit—the cat could swim and ended up arriving.
One possible explanation for replacing rabbit with cat might have to do with language.In old Chinese，there is' a word tied to the sign of the rabbit that is pronounced mao （卯）.The pronunciation is similar to mèo，the Vietnamese word for cat.
Quyen Di，a lecturer at UCLA，said the custom has to do with the landscape of Vietnam. "Initially，the Chinese lived in the savanna（稀树草原）area，while the Vietnamese lived in the lowland area.The people of the savanna prefer a nomadic life，close to the wilderness，and they chose the rabbit as an animal that lived in the wild fields.In contrast，the lowland people of Vietnam consider rabbits as animals that are used for food and chose the cat because they believe cats are friends living in their house.
This year，many Vietnamese are buying new cat﹣themed cases for their mobile phones.And one of the top Google searches in Vietnam is "why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac".
（1）What does the underlined phrase "covered for" in paragraph 1 refer to？
A．took charge of.
B．fought for.
C．took the place of.
D．depended on.
（2）What can we learn from the Vietnamese zodiac story？
A．The Jade Emperor showed favor to the cat.
B．The rabbit fell into the river in the zodiac race.
C．The cat finished fourth by swimming across the river.
D．The rat and the rabbit were enemies in ancient times.
（3）According to Quyen Di，what made the Vietnamese choose the cat？
A．Their living environment.
B．Their language pronunciation.
C．Their lifestyle of raising cats as pets .
D．Their custom of hunting rabbits for food.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．The History of the Chinese Zodiac
B．Ways of Celebrating the Year of the Rabbit.
C．The Popularity of Chinese Traditional Culture
D．The Origin of the Year of the Cat in Vietnam
passage 11
One of the most famous literary challenges in history was when Dr.Seuss received a challenge from his publisher that he could only use 50 words to write an entire book.That's all well and good，but it's a tough challenge，to be sure.
However，Ernest Vincent Wright would no doubt turn up his nose，as he challenged himself to pen an entire 50，000﹣word novel without once using the letter "e".
Wright managed to pull it off.The final product was Gadsby，which is about a man named，well，Gadsby，who tries to save his city with the help of a youth group.It took Wright nearly six months to complete the work，and in his introduction pages he mentioned the challenges along the way.
One of the biggest challenges was replacing pronouns，since it' s tough to write a sentence，let alone a novel，without words like "he" or "she" or "her" and so forth.Additionally，he was forced to find ways to work around using past tense words that typically end in "﹣ed"，which，as you might imagine，is more than a little tricky.
Still，Wright did manage to come up with 50，110 words and a full story without any cheats，making it one of the most successful lipograms （避讳某字之文） in the history of writing.Wright self﹣published the book in 1939 and it was read primarily by people who tried to find any cheats，so convinced were they that Wright simply must have used the letter.
The entire novel is available online to read for free，as domain in 1968.It's a good thing，too，as the storehouse that contained the majority of the copies burned down，destroying enough of the books that it has since become a rare book collector's prize，with copies being valued at thousands of dollars.
At the end of the day，of course，it remains a truly great achievement.After all， "e" is the most commonly used letter in English，with more than 11 percent of all words in the Oxford dictionary containing at least one "e".
（1）What did Wright challenge himself to write？
A.An entire book.with 50 words.
B.A 50，000﹣word book in six months.
C.An entire book including "e" 50，000 times.
D.A 50，000﹣word book without the letter "e".
（2）What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？
A.The difficulties Wright faced.
B.The plot of Wright's final product.
C.The popularity of Wright' s final product.
D.The smart ways Wright used to replace pronouns.
（3）What can we infer about the readers of Gadsby？
A.They considered the book a great success.
B.They doubted if Wright really made it.
C.They wondered what lipograms mean.
D.They expected the book to be available online.
（4）Why do Wright' s book copies become valuable？
A.Due to their rarity.
B.Because Wright won a big prize.
C.Because they had a really long history.
D.Due to book collectors' recommendation.
passage 12
Not every architectural landmark is grand in scale，with splendid decorations，or amazing colors.Suzhou Gardens may just be the opposite.
When a group of monks during the Yuan Dynasty （1271﹣1368）first constructed Lion Grove Garden，they may have just wanted to enjoy a quiet place，hidden away from urban noise，while in the following centuries，this charming garden ﹣ most notable for its waterside rockeries resembling the shape of lions—has attracted a constant stream of celebrity guests，who have left a long list of poems，paintings and historical anecdotes （轶事）.
In recent years，nine of the best﹣known classical gardens of Suzhou，including Lion Grove Garden，Humble Administrator's Garden and Great Wave Pavilion，were registered into the World Heritage List.As UNESCO remarks， "Classical Chinese garden design，which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature （缩略图），is nowhere better illustrated than in the nine gardens，which reflect the profound natural beauty in Chinese culture and inspire people to pursue harmony with the world."
Nowadays，relevant administrations have been trying to restore the historical landscapes of Suzhou's classical gardens.Consequently，last year，a new project was launched allowing tourists in small groups to reserve places to enter the garden in the early morning before the regular opening time.Their visit ended with them completing the last step in making a traditional folding fan，adding a poem about the garden on its surface.The experience was also regarded as a way to help people understand the wisdom，elegance and philosophical worldview of the ancient Chinese literati （文人）.
The delicate beauty of the gardens still flows via the canals that snake across Suzhou.Hardly felt，their strength in shaping the city's character seems to last forever.
（1）What's the purpose of building the Lion Grove Garden？
A.To share historical anecdotes.
B.To attract celebrity guests.
C.To enjoy the beautiful scenery.
D.To stay far from the madding crowd.
（2）What do Suzhou Gardens show？
A.Splendid decorations.
B.Grand beauty.
C.Human﹣nature harmony.
D.Amazing colors.
（3）What can we know about the project from Paragraph 4？
A.It featured traditional Chinese elements.
B.Small groups without reservation were welcome.
C.Its main aim was to help people approach poems.
D.It was launched when the gardens were open to the public.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A.Suzhou Gardens，a place of national pride
B.Suzhou Gardens，a place with natural beauty
C.Suzhou Gardens，a place that shows the decorations and colors
D.Suzhou Gardens，a place that reflects the philosophy and culture
passage 13
To really know a country，you need to understand its culture and history.
That was why journalist and media expert Zhang Ciyun began his work on a six﹣volume（册）exploration of ancient Chinese wisdom as reflected in myths，classics works，idioms，paintings，historical figures and architecture.
The English﹣language edition of the book series was unveiled at last week's Shanghai Book Fair.The series caters for an increasing number of foreign readers who are deeply interested in traditional Chinese culture.
"The idea of the book series came to me nearly three decades ago，when I discovered how little foreigners knew about Chinese culture"，Zhang said. "Oh，they knew about kung fu movies，the Great Wall and the terracotta warriors，and had vague impressions of Chinese emperors.But they wanted to know more about Chinese culture."
Zhang，a founder and former editor﹣in﹣chief of the English﹣language Shanghai Daily，is fluent in English.He draws on that skill to tell the stories of ancient China in the everyday language and experiences of native English speakers.
Zhang said ancient culture has had a far﹣reaching impact on the behavior and thinking of contemporary Chinese，and gives foreign readers insight into modern﹣day China.
He recalled a Shanghai Daily survey of readers that showed foreigners had great curiosity about Chinese culture.But at that time，books that might help them explore deeper into that culture were pieces scattered（散布）over different publications.There were no books in English providing easy access to Chinese history and culture.
"As a journalist working for an English﹣language newspaper，I really wanted to do something to meet that need，" he said. "I decided to use my writing skills to tell ancient stories about Chinese culture，especially its traditional aspects."
He began his project in about 1993，beginning with a series of articles explaining the stories behind Chinese idioms.His first works were compiled into one book，which received positive feedback and was later translated into German and other foreign languages.
（1）What can we learn about Zhang Ciyun's books？
A．They involve various Chinese culture forms.
B．They have been translated into German.
C．They were not well received at first.
D．They were accomplished in 1993.
（2）Why did Zhang write the book series？
A．To record ancient Chinese wisdom.
B．To spread Chinese culture.
C．To pursue fame and interests.
D．To promote Shanghai Daily.
（3）What can be inferred about foreigners' learning Chinese culture in the past？
A．No English books about Chinese ancient culture were available.
B．Foreigners showed little interest in learning about Chinese culture.
C．It was not convenient for foreigners to learn about Chinese culture.
D．English books on Chinese culture were published in large numbers.
（4）Which of the following best describes Zhang？
A．Famous and humorous.
B．Creative and responsible.
C．Ambitious but unlucky.
D．Wise but conservative.
passage 14
Time and time again，I hear someone ask why anyone would want to keep an "ugly" building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work.I think you could say we preservationists （文物保护者） look at buildings through a different angle ﹣﹣ an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck，the story in the simple lines，the book behind the cover.
Take the Queen Emma Building for example.While people may remember that building being named as one of the ugliest buildings in town，the angle from which a preservationist will view the building is that it is uniquely constructed with an artistical brise﹣soleil （遮阳板） to block the sun.The designer used standard concrete bricks to form a decorative wall.Unfortunately，the brise﹣soleil was removed in 2011，making the building look like many of the contemporary buildings in town.
Sometimes people remember a beautiful site that was replaced by a "horrid" piece of architecture and can't get over their anger，even when that building becomes an important part of our story.This is particularly true in San Francisco where many preservationists themselves dislike anything newer than the Victorian era.Yes，it was a tragedy that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago，but those losses also tell another important story.It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class.Should that history be wiped from our memories？
Preservation is not just about keeping pretty，well﹣kept buildings，but about conveying parts of our history ﹣﹣not just the history of huge events，but the story of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market.Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone's criteria of beauty；sometimes our history is painful，but no less important.
（1）How do preservationists see buildings？
A.They focus on their value rather than appearance.
B.They pay great attention to ancient buildings.
C.They are devoted to repairing famous buildings.
D.They prefer ugly buildings to beautiful ones.
（2）What does the author think of removing the brise﹣soleil of the Queen Emma Building？
A.It' s confusing.
B.It's pleasing.
C.It' s regrettable.
D.It's unbelievable.
（3）Why were many Victorian buildings in San Francisco torn down？
A.To wipe the history of the Victorian era.
B.To make land available for cheap housing.
C.To work off the deep anger of the working class.
D.To restore the architecture before the Victorian era.
（4）What is the author's intention of writing this passage？
A.To introduce some buildings with historical value.
B.To explain the reason why architects make ugly buildings.
C.To praise the work of preservationists.
D.To stress the importance of preserving ugly buildings.
（5）Where does the text probably come from？
A.A culture paper.
B.A science book.
C.An environment report.
D.A travel magazine.
passage 15
Our guided tours here at Shakespeare's Globe are an experience 400 years in the making.
Heaven to hell tour
Our unique heaven to hell tour experience offers Globe members the opportunity to discover the backstage world of Shakespeare's Globe.
Join us in the heavenly attic （阁楼） towering above the theater before going down into the depths of "hell" underneath the stage to discover the secrets behind how our productions are staged.You'll have the opportunity to visit our backstage stores and see props and costumes from the famous Globe productions before experiencing the thrill our actors feel when they step out onto the stage.
Twilight walking tour
Be transported back to a time of late﹣night cakes and ales （麦芽酒），midnight revels （狂欢） and demons，and the "Kingdom of Night" on our Twilight walking tour around the Bankside area and beyond.
Imagine city life without streetlights and visit the locations of Shakespeare's own night﹣time adventures across the River Thames on the Northbank，including the original site of his candlelit Blackfriars playhouse.
Festive family tour
Celebrate the holiday season on a festive family tour of the magical Globe Theatre.Hear how Christmas was observed in Shakespeare's time and the folk traditions that people practiced to welcome in winter.
This family﹣friendly guided tour will fascinate and warm even in the coldest of weather.But do still wrap up well﹣ don't forget our playhouse is outdoor!
Globe Theatre guided tour
Our world﹣famous Globe Theatre is a faithful reconstruction of the open﹣air playhouse in which Shakespeare worked，and for which he wrote many of his most famous plays!
Our expert guide﹣storytellers will provide your group with a fascinating tour of the Globe Theatre auditorium （礼堂），colorful stories of the 1599 Globe Theatre，the reconstruction process in the 1990s.
Our guides will also bring the theater to life，exploring how the theater works today as an imaginative and experimental space for performance.
（1）Which is an ideal tour for people who are fond of backstage stories of Shakespeare's Globe？
A．Heaven to hell tour.
B．Twilight walking tour.
C．Festive family tour.
D．Globe Theatre guided tour.
（2）Where does the twilight walking tour take place？
A．On the River Thames.
B．Around Bankside area and beyond.
C．In Shakespeare hotel.
D．At Shakespeare's Globe.
（3）What can people do if they take part in the festive family tour？
A．Go for a walk along the river.
B．Watch some plays on Christmas.
C．Explore how the theater works during the Christmas season.
D．Learn something about Christmas in Shakespeare's time.
（4）What is special about the Globe Theatre guided tour？
A．It shows what inspired Shakespeare to write his plays.
B．It is only available to Globe members.
C．Visitors can enjoy imaginative performance.
D．Visitors can hear the stories of the 1599 theatre.
（5）What is not mentioned in the passage？
A．Today's Globe Theatre is a reconstructed work of the open﹣air playhouse.
B．The experience will also bring the theater to life.
C．You'll have the opportunity to visit our stage stores and see our customers.
D．The experience will help us hear how Christmas was observed in Shakespeare's time.
passage 16
French writer Annie Ernaux won the 2022 Nobel Prize in literature on Oct 6.She is the first French female to win the prize.In the words of the Nobel committee，Ernaux was given the award "for the courage and amazing insight" of her writing.
Having spent over five decades as a writer，the 82﹣year﹣old winner has published more than 20 books to her name，including Cleaned Out （1974），Shame （1997）and A Girl's Story（2016）.
Rather than consider herself a writer of fiction，Ernaux has used the term "an ethnologist（民族 学家）of herself" to describe herself.
Born in 1940 in a rural village in Normandy，France，Ernaux grew up in a working﹣class environment as her parents ran a combined grocery store and cafe.She worked as a teacher before becoming a full﹣time writer.Her "upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood" inspire many of her works.For example，the book Shame explores the theme of childhood trauma （创伤） while A Girl's Story follows a young woman's coming of age in the 1950s.
Though the matters Ernaux describes in her books are serious and even sometimes heavy，they are always written in plain language.Ernaux described her style as "flat writing" through which she aims to tell her stories objectively， "unshaped by florid（过多修饰的）description or overwhelming emotions， " noted Fox News.
"She writes about things that no one else writes about，for instance her jealousy，her experiences as an abandoned lover and so forth.I mean，really hard experiences， " Anders Olsson，chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature，said after the award announcement in Stockholm.He added， "She gives words for these experiences that are very simple and striking.They are short books，but they are really moving. "
（1）What can we learn about Annie Ernaux from the text？
A.She was awarded for the bravery and observations shown in her writing.
B.The Nobel committee described her as "an ethnologist of herself".
C.She is the first French person to win the Nobel Prize.
D.She started working as a full﹣time writer in 1974.
（2）Where did she get inspiration for her works？
A.Her students' lives.
B.Her personal experiences.
C.The stories of guests to her cafe.
D.The history of her hometown.
（3）Which of the following best describes Ernaux's writing style？
A.Plain and relaxing.
B.Descriptive and serious.
C.Objective and easy to understand.
D.Emotional and touching.
（4）Why is Annie Ernaux different from other writers，according to Anders Olsson？
A.She suffered a lot of hardships.
B.Her works are short and moving.
C.Her works are about unexplored subjects.
D.She shares painful feelings through her writing.
passage 17
Architecture（建筑）firm Bua Studio recently turned a used barn（谷仓） in Iceland into an artist's studio and home.Titled Hloduberg Artist's Studio.the project includes work spaces on the lower level and the living area above.The architects carefully worked with the barn's original structure（结构）o protect the walls and make good use of the other parts.
The completed project looks interesting with a range of materials.On the lower level，the old walls of the barn contrast with the light wood structure within.Above，cold﹣rolled steel structure protects the second level from the strong winds.This part of the new addition is finished with an enabled roof，adding more interest to the interior（内部）。
Within the existing barn the architects fit a kitchen and dining area.Also on the first level is a double﹣height artist's studio after which the project is named.The rest of the original structure o the bam now acts as a garden wall in the courtyard.
The architects didn't want to create big changes even to the areas of the barn that were safe enough for further construction.Small openings were made to prevent the influence on the structure.Still，shots of the interior show a beautiful light space，partially lit with openings coming from the second level in the double height studio.
"We added two big openings because we needed to let more light into the kitchen and an entrance to the studio to get in large at works." say the architects.
The interior of the building is made up of a much lighter color palette with white wood board on the walls and floor and other cool colors.Much of the furniture and larger design were inspired by local design of the area in Iceland.
（1）What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the barn？
A．The materials used for the barn.
B．The equipment in the barn.
C．The changes made to the interior of the barn.
D．The atmosphere in the barn.
（2）Why did the architects make small openings？
A．To keep the bam safe.
B．To make the studio more enjoyable.
C．To add a decoration to the studio.
D．To let in as much light as possible.
（3）What can we know about the interior of the building？
A．It is equipped with expensive furniture.
B．It features local design.
C．It follows a simple style.
D．It is friendly to the environment.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．Architects build a new studio on the farm.
B．Architects enjoy building their studios in the bam.
C．Architects try to make good use of old buildings.
D．Architects turn an old barn into a beautiful studio.
passage 18
You might think of martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down the river，all standing on a bamboo strip，but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage：bamboo drifting.
Over 2，000 years ago，the high﹣quality wood，nanmu，in Guizhou was in great demand by the royal court more than 2，000 kilometers to the north.With no better transportation，people had to stand on one log to drift down the river.Later，local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting was born.In the Qing Dynasty，wood drifting became bamboo drifting because of bamboo's lower price.Due to the skills it takes for one to master this act，bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list this year.
Yang Liu，a 24﹣year﹣old inheritor of bamboo drifting，learned it at 7. "Usually，the bamboo under your feet is about 9 meters long，and the bamboo in your hands is about 5 meters.If the length or diameter of the bamboo is not long enough，it will not float.Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key，so we should fight against the current by constantly changing the angle.I lost my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing.Once I fell，I gave it another try until I knew how to handle the most difficult part." she said.
The love for the ancient skill keeps Yang going.In the past 17 years，she has drifted all year round，in winter cold and summer heat.As hanfu culture has been on the rise，Yang started wearing hanfu while performing，creating a more beautiful feel.In 2020，Yang began to post her videos on social media. "I'm extremely proud to get responses from viewers that bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear.It's my mission to keep it alive and known to more people，" Yang Liu told China Daily.
（1）What can be learned from the first two paragraphs？
A.The martial arts movie is a form of cultural heritage.
B.Nanmu was delivered to the north by land.
C.Bamboo was costly in Guizhou 2，000 years ago.
D.Bamboo drifting involves lots of skills.
（2）What is the biggest challenge in bamboo drifting？
A.Finding the proper bamboo.
B.Holding the bamboo firmly in hands.
C.Maintaining a fixed angle.
D.Keeping balance.
（3）What do the viewers think of bamboo drifting？
A.Unbelievable.
B.Impossible.
C.Confusing.
D.Complicated.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A.Transporting Bamboo down the River.
B.Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou.
C.Balancing with Grace.
D.Yang Liu：a Creative Performer.
passage 19
Many linguists （语言学家） predicted in the 1960s that accents would disappear in America.As Americans moved across the country，they said English would become standardized，meaning that it would be spoken the same way everywhere.But sociolinguist William Labov of the University of Pennsylvania says，while some accents in America are disappearing，others are growing stronger.
One of these regional accents is Native American English，known as the "rez accent".It is spoken in many Indigenous communities in the United States and Canada.The word "rez" is shortened from the word "reservation".Reservations are areas of land in the United States and Canada that are kept separate for Native Americans or Indigenous people to live in.
Kalina Newmark is from the Sahtu Region in Canada's Northwest Territories.Her ancestors were called the Dene people，but she does not speak her tribe's language of Slavey. "My mom can understand and speak it，but she didn't pass it on to us.She learned it from her great﹣grandmother.My grandmother chose not to pass along the language because she wanted to make it easier for her children when they went to school，" Newmark said.Newmark went to Dartmouth College in the U.S.state of New Hampshire.The school is known for its Indigenous student population.There，she met other Indigenous students from all over North America.Newmark noticed something very interesting about everyone's pronunciation.The English they spoke shared some similar qualities，although they came from different language backgrounds.These especially could be heard during times of socializing.The accent was even present for students who had not learned their ancestral language.Indigenous communities speak different English dialects，but these ways of speaking shared prosody （韵律学） patterns.
The rez accent possibly came from different Native tribes interacting in the 1880s when Indigenous peoples were placed on reservations.The Native American and First Nations children were forced into school and had to speak English.The rez accent also might have had its beginning in the 1950s and 1960s when the US government closed some reservations and sent Native American into cities.The children were forced to speak English and interact with each other. "They were all learning English together，" said Newmark， "and making an English of their own."
（1）What can we infer from Kalina Newmark's experience？
A．She learnt her tribe's language from her mother.
B．Her ancestors spoke English with rez accent.
C．Native American students account for a considerable percentage in her school.
D．Indigenous students speak English in exactly the same way in the school.
（2）Which statement is TRUE about the "rez accent"？
A．It is a shared pattern of speaking English among the Indigenous population.
B．It originated from the Native Americans' ancestral languages.
C．Us government is worried about the tendency of speaking English with rez accent.
D．The reason for the continuing growth of rez accent has been confirmed.
（3）How does the author introduce the topic of the text？
A．By making a comparison.
B．By analyzing a reason.
C．By giving an example.
D．By having an argument.
（4）What is the main idea of the text？
A．Accents of American English are disappearing.
B．Native Americans speak English with a similar accent.
C．Indigenous people obtain rez accent from their ancestors.
D．The majority of Americans don't speak standardized English.
passage 20
Mention sand art and the image that comes to mind is that of an intricately（杂乱的） carved sculpture or design sketched on a beach surface.Though impressive，they are transient（短暂的） masterpieces that disappear with the first large wave or splash of rain.However，24﹣year﹣old Tim Bengel's sand art is permanent.That's because the German artist uses the grit（粗砂） to "paint" his masterpieces on canvas.While the final product is certainly beautiful，what is even more so is the way it is created.
Bengel begins by covering a blank canvas with a special adhesive（黏合剂） that dries extremely slowly，giving the artist enough time to draw the desired image.He then begins "painting" with grains of black sand and in some cases，gold foil.It takes the young man anywhere from 200 to 300 hours to complete each work of art.
What is most intriguing about Bengel's process is that only the artist knows what the final image will be.To the rest of the world，the canvas appears to be a mess of black sand.It is only when Bengel sprinkles white sand over the canvas and then dramatically sweeps off all the excess grit that the masterpiece is revealed!
The talented artist，who is currently studying art at the University of Tubingen，says his interest in the subject began after he visited the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart Art Museum as a child.Bengel was so inspired that he came home and began trying to reproduce the paintings he had seen at the museum.After winning an art competition at this school at the age of 18，Bengel knew that it was the career he wanted to pursue.But the young man also realized that to be successful，he would have to develop his own unique style.
（1）From the first paragraph we can see that .
A.sand art only last for a short time.
B.Bengel's works are intricately carved sculptures.
C.Bengel's works stretch on the beach.
D.the creation of sand art is more beautiful.
（2）What can we infer from the second paragraph？
A.The artist creates his work on the beach.
B.It takes the artist a long time to finish each work of art.
C.This kind of art work is very easy to create.
D.The artist has to work quickly because of the adhesive.
（3）Bengel became interested in art .
A.when he became a university student.
B.after he went to an art museum.
C.after he saw some sand sculptures.
D.when he was at the age of 18.
（4）What did Bengel realize he had to do if he wanted to be successful？
A.He must visit museums often.
B.He must reproduce the paintings.
C .He must have his own unique style.
D.He must win art competitions.文化类词汇对应阅读
passage 1
Join Us，Succeed Together!
To meet the rapid development of Wal﹣Mart in China，we now invite people with qualification to join us.
Construction Manager
You are employed to lead and train a team of project managers and manage all stages of projects under construction throughout China.
Requirements：University graduate in Architecture with at least 6 years in Project Management.Being able to work on weekends and on the night shift is a distinct advantage.
Public Relation Manager
Your duties include publishing the news related to the company，supporting and maintaining（维护）the local public relationship all over the country.
Requirements：Bachelor degree or above，3 + years' managerial experience.Good command of Chinese and English.Rich media network，excellent negotiation skill，and good organization skill.Senior Market Research Manager
We are accepting applicants who are responsible for researchprojects design，quality control，data analysis，report preparation and presentation.You also communicate with research suppliers，manage and control the survey quality.
Requirements：Bachelor degree or above，majoring in Business Administration or Marketing.Fluent English，skillful PC operation and complete knowledge about statistics & data processing.Business Development Manager
You are responsible for finding new business sites.You'll conduct negotiations，sign and keep good relationship with developers.
Requirements：Bachelor degree，good spoken and written English and good computer skill.5 plus years experience with not less than 3﹣year experience in business development field.
（1）What is a plus if you apply to be a construction manager？
A.Willingness to work overtime.
B.Rich working experience.
C.Great sense of team spirit.
D.Excellent human relations.
（2）What position requires an applicant to master English and Chinese？
A.Construction manager.
B.Public relation manager.
C.Business development manager.
D.Senior market research manager.
（3）What's the duty of a business development manager？
A.Checking project quality.
B.Training project managers.
C.Negotiating with developers.
D.Publishing the corporate news.
【答案】ABC
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了沃尔玛招聘职员的有关信息。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据 Construction Manager 中的Being able to work on weekends and on the night shift is a distinct advantage.（能够在周末和夜班工作是一个明显的优势。）可知，对于建筑经理申请人来说，乐意加班者优先考虑。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据 Public Relation Manager中的Good command of Chinese and English. （良好的中英文表达能力。）可知，公关经理这一职位要求申请者掌握中英文。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据Business Development Manager 中的You'll conduct negotiations，sign and keep good relationship with developers.（与开发商进行谈判、签约并保持良好关系。）可知，业务开发经理的职责是与开发商进行谈判、签约并保持良好关系。故选C。
passage 2
Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of France's most important tourist sites are being gradually destroyed.Scientists and researchers fear that the 36，000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly that they will not survive for future generations.
The mountain believed to have once been a site for prayer is scattered （散布） with 4000﹣year﹣old drawings cut into bare rock.But as the popularity of the site increases，the pictures are being ruined by thoughtless graffiti （涂鸦）.
Jean Clottes is the chairman of the International Committee on Rock Art.He says "People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there.But if the damage continues at this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years."
He describes seeing tourists stamping on the drawings，wearing away the rock and clearness of the artwork as they do so.Some visitors he says even cut off parts to take home as souvenirs.Other researchers describe how people arrive carrying long sticks with sharp ends to scratch their own drawings，or even their names in the rocks.
But experts are divided over the best way to preserve the drawings.Henry de Lumley，director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris，believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a "no﹣go" area，preventing the public from going there except on guided tours.
Clottes disagrees. "The measure suggested by Henry de Lumley is the most severe，and while it is the most effective，it is also certain to bring about protests from people who live there " he said. "The site was classified as a historic monument years ago by the Ministry of Culture and we must do as much as possible to save what is there."
Annie Echassoux who also worked on researching the site is alarmed that as the mountain becomes easier to reach — tourists can now avoid the three﹣and﹣a﹣half﹣hour walk by hiring vehicles — the damage will increase rapidly.She thinks that the only solution is to rope off the area and provide guides. "You can't say the plan can't go ahead because there is no money " she said. "That is not good enough.Money must be provided because the Ministry of Culture has classified this area as a historic site.If we don't take steps，we will be responsible for losing the drawings for the next generation."
（1）Jean Clottes says that people who visit the mountain .
A.do not believe the drawings are old
B.believe they are allowed to paint there
C.assume the drawings will not disappear
D.think the drawings should be left alone
（2）According to Jean Clottes some of the visitors to the area have .
A.taken bits of the rock home
B.helped to clean the drawings
C.been unable to take photographs
D.misunderstood what the pictures mean
（3）Henry de Lumley is eager to .
A.protect public rights
B.ban traffic in the area
C.set up research projects
D.keep out individual visitors
（4）Which word best describes Annie Echassoux's attitude towards saving the historic site？
A.Worried.
B.Supportive.
C.Disappointed.
D.Hesitant.
（5）This passage has been written about Mont Bego to .
A.advertise the closing of the site
B.encourage scientists to visit the site
C.describe fears for the future of the site
D.warn visitors about the dangers of the site
【答案】CADBC
【分析】这是一篇说明文。科学家和研究人员担心，法国阿尔卑斯山脉贝戈山岩石上的36000幅图画正在迅速受损，以至于它们无法为后代保留下来。文章介绍了这一遗迹如今遭受破坏的现状以及相关人员给出的保护建议。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段He says "People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there.But if the damage continues at this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years."（他说："人们认为，因为这些照片已经在那里太久了，所以它们将永远在那里。但如果破坏继续以这种速度进行，50年后将什么都不剩。"）可知，Jean Clottes说，参观这座山的人认为图画不会消失。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段Some visitors he says even cut off parts to take home as souvenirs.（他说，一些游客甚至把岩石的一部分切下来作为纪念品带回家）可知，据Jean Clottes说一些到该地区的游客把岩石碎片带回家。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第五段Henry de Lumley，director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris，believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a "no﹣go" area，preventing the public from going there except on guided tours.（巴黎自然历史博物馆馆长Henry de Lumley认为，拯救这一遗址的唯一方法是将整座山变成一个"禁区"，禁止公众前往，除非有导游陪同）可知，Henry de Lumley希望禁止个人访客进入。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段Money must be provided because the Ministry of Culture has classified this area as a historic site.If we don't take steps，we will be responsible for losing the drawings for the next generation.（必须提供资金，因为文化部已将该地区列为历史遗迹。如果我们不采取措施，我们将为下一代失去图纸负责）可推知，Annie Echassoux对拯救历史遗迹的态度是支持。故选B。
（5）推理判断题。根据第一段Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of France's most important tourist sites are being gradually destroyed.Scientists and researchers fear that the 36，000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly that they will not survive for future generations.（在法国最重要的旅游景点之一的岩石上雕刻的数万幅古代图画正在逐渐被破坏。科学家和研究人员担心，法国阿尔卑斯山脉贝戈山岩石上的36000幅图画正在迅速受损，以至于它们无法为后代保留下来）结合文章介绍了这一遗迹如今遭受破坏的现状以及相关人员给出的保护建议。可推知，这篇文章描述蒙特贝戈是为了用来描述对该地区未来的担忧。故选C。
passage 3
Explore China's Ancient Water Towns
Nanxun
This water town typically draws smaller crowds.The architecture is a unique mix of traditional Chinese and Western styles.As you walk along the ancient canals，you're likely to see locals playing cards or having tea outdoors.The town dates back to the Chunyou Period of the Song Dynasty，between the years of 1241 to 1252.Today，it's considered to be the best destination for weddings.
Tongli
Tongli is considered a mini Venice，with nearly every building on or by a canal.The town itself is composed of seven small islands，separated by 15 canals and joined by more than 40 bridges—plus，five lakes surround the town itself.Tongli is more than 1，000 years old，and the oldest bridge in the town dates back to the Song Dynasty，which began in the year 960.Visitors here should check out the wedding museum，which has antique Chinese wedding clothes and items on display.
Zhouzhuang
This is the most famous and most commercialized ancient water town in China.The architecture here dates back more than 900 years，with about 60 original brick archivesand 100 original courtyards.More recently，a tower called Quanfu Temple was built in 1987.Climb to the top to get the best view of the ancient town.Or for a more authentic experience，visit Chengxu Taoist Temple，which was built between 1086 and 1093.It's one of the most famous Taoist temples in the area.
Xitang
Xitang separates itself from other water towns with sheltered waterside streets，allowing locals and guests to comfortably walk alongside the canals even during the rainy season.Thanks to a less commercial atmosphere，visitors will be rewarded with opportunities that aren't likely to be found in other water towns—like fishing with locals on the canals and having dinner on a boat.Xitang is truly ancient，dating back to the Warring States Period of 476 BC to 221 BC.
（1）Which town will an ancient Chinese wedding culture lover most probably prefer？
A.Nanxun.
B.Xitang.
C.Tongli.
D.Zhouzhuang.
（2）When was Quanfu Temple built？
A.In 900.
B.In 1086.
C.In 1093.
D.In 1987.
（3）What is unique about Xitang？
A.Its famous Taoist temples.
B.Its sheltered waterside streets.
C.Its various ancient bridges.
D.Its commercial atmosphere.
【答案】CDB
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个著名的江南水乡。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据Tongli部分Visitors here should check out the wedding museum，which has antique Chinese wedding clothes and items on display.（这里的游客应该去婚礼博物馆看看，那里展出了古老的中国婚纱和物品。）可推断，希望了解中国古代婚俗的游客很可能会首选同里。故答案为C。
（2）细节理解题。根据 Zhouzhuang部分More recently，a tower called Quanfu Temple was built in 1987. （最近，一座名为全福寺的塔建于1987年。）可知全福寺修建于1987年。故答案为D。
（3）细节理解题。根据 Xitang部分Xitang separates itself from other water towns with sheltered waterside streets，allowing locals and guests to comfortably walk alongside the canals even during the rainy season.（西塘以隐蔽的水边街道将自己与其他水乡区分开，即使在雨季，当地人和客人也可以舒适地沿着运河散步）可知，西塘的游廊独具特色。故答案为B。
passage 4
Few would question that arts，in its massive forms and media，are like a mirror that reflects the social，cultural.economic or even political situation of a society of a particular era.However，beyond being simply an illustration of the human condition.arts can be vital in pushing the country forward.culturally and economically.
Without doubt，arts are important for the progress of society.They enable individuals to develop on the whole and deepen the social ties in communities by gathering people to create.experience and enjoy art together，which can be seen from traditional ethnic dances to interactive theatre performances.Beyond material wants and.needs，human beings find fulfilment in experiencing and expressing things of remarkable value through arts.Meanwhile，strong citizens' participation in arts also strengthens the social fabric of a nation.
Morcover，arts enable a nation to progress in human rights and values.As powerful media that are able to stir hearts and cause reflection，arts can speak up the human voice of criticism sharply and clearly in times of crisis，and call upon society to seek the common good.It is evident that arts，which express human values and emotions，can constitute a profound way of promoting human dignity and additionally，form the barrier of the ethical and moral life of society.
More often than not，a booming arts scene may not narrow the rich﹣poor divide.It's not hard to see that in a highly competitive world，it is essential for governments to prioritize the development of a strong workforce and the building of sustainable industries.However，where they can be afforded，arts may well complement （补充） economic policies as arts encourage individuals to exercise creativity.As Albert Einstein stated，imagination is more important than knowledge.While knowledge and professional skills may stimulate a country's development，the ability to innovate and think out of the box may be valuable to a society facing ever new and unpredictable challenges.
While the importance of arts may differ from country to country，depending on its economic circumstances and the socio﹣political issues each face，the importance of arts to the progress of a nation should not be overlooked.
（1）What's the first paragraph mainly about？
A.The forms of arts.
B.The functions of arms.
C.The definition of arts.
D.The development of arts.
（2）How do arts influence human nights and values？
A.By reflecting humans' views.
B.By pointing out the common good.
C.By giving people a sense of fulfilment.
D.By forming the moral standard of society.
（3）Why is Albert Einstein mentioned in paragraph 4？
A.To praise Albert Einstein's achievements.
B.To call on humans to remember our history.
C.To stress the unimportance of arts in creativity.
D.To show the necessity of knowledge and skills.
（4）What will the author probably agree with？
A.Arts serve as the major influence in values.
B.Arts play a part in the progress of a country.
C.Arts should aim at strengthening social bonds.
D.Arts can bridge the gap between rich and poor.
【答案】（1）﹣（4）BDCB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了虽然艺术的重要性可能因国家而异，取决于每个国家的经济情况和面临的社会政治问题，但艺术对一个国家进步的重要性不应被忽视。
【解答】（1）段落大意题。根据文章第一段Few would question that arts，in its massive forms and media，are like a mirror that reflects the social，cultural.economic or even political situation of a society of a particular era.However，beyond being simply an illustration of the human condition.arts can be vital in pushing the country forward.culturally and economically.（很少有人会质疑，艺术，以其巨大的形式和媒介，就像一面镜子，反映了一个特定时代的社会、文化、经济甚至政治状况。然而，艺术不仅仅是对人类状况的简单展示，它对推动国家的文化和经济发展也是至关重要的。）可知第一段主要讲艺术的功能。A.The forms of arts.艺术的形式；B.The functions of arts.艺术的功能；C.The definition of arts.艺术的定义；D.The development of arts.艺术的发展。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段 Morcover，arts enable a nation to progress in human rights and values.As powerful media that are able to stir hearts and cause reflection，arts can speak up the human voice of criticism sharply and clearly in times of crisis，and call upon society to seek the common good.It is evident that arts，which express human values and emotions，can constitute a profound way of promoting human dignity and additionally，form the barrier of the ethical and moral life of society.（此外，艺术使一个国家在人权和价值观方面取得进步。作为能够触动心灵和引起反思的强大媒体，艺术可以在危机时刻尖锐而清晰地表达人类的批评之声，并呼吁社会寻求共同利益。显而易见，表达人类价值观和情感的艺术可以构成促进人类尊严的深刻方式，此外，还构成社会伦理和道德生活的障碍。）可知艺术通过形成社会的道德标准来影响人权和价值观。A.By reflecting humans' views.通过反映人类的观点；B.By pointing out the common good.通过指出公共利益；C.By giving people a sense of fulfilment.给人们一种成就感；D.By forming the moral standard of society.通过形成社会的道德标准。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段However，where they can be afforded，arts may well complement （补充） economic policies as arts encourage individuals to exercise creativity.As Albert Einstein stated，imagination is more important than knowledge.While knowledge and professional skills may stimulate a country's development，the ability to innovate and think out of the box may be valuable to a society facing ever new and unpredictable challenges.（然而，在负担得起的情况下，艺术可以很好地补充经济政策，因为艺术鼓励个人发挥创造力。正如阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦所说，想象力比知识更重要。虽然知识和专业技能可能会刺激一个国家的发展，但创新和跳出框框思考的能力对于一个面临不断新的和不可预测的挑战的社会来说可能是有价值的。）可知第四段提到阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦是为了强调艺术在创造力中的重要性。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 While the importance of arts may differ from country to country，depending on its economic circumstances and the socio﹣political issues each face，the importance of arts to the progress of a nation should not be overlooked.（虽然艺术的重要性可能因国家而异，取决于每个国家的经济情况和面临的社会政治问题，但艺术对一个国家进步的重要性不应被忽视。）可知作者可能会同意艺术在一个国家的进步中发挥了作用。故选B。
passage 5
The artifacts（文物）are silent witnesses of bygone eras.It is only in a museum that you can reconnect with the past.If you are visiting museums in Sydney，the following will offer you the best experiences that reflect on the diverse history of Australia and its people.
Powerhouse Museum
In case you are visiting Sydney with your family，this museum offers one of the most exciting experiences in this city.The museum's exhibits are devoted to displaying technologies that have transformed our world.Detailing innovations in space travel，nuclear science and the workings of light，electricity and gravity，they will surely interest your entire family，especially the young ones.
Australian National Maritime Museum
Australia is surrounded by water.Getting some insights into how this huge land relates to its surrounding waters is quite helpful as it is exciting.Learn how Australia and its people have been affected by the waters.Go back in history and learn about the experiences of the first people brought to Australia as prisoners.The Sea Journeys exhibit takes care of this.
Australian Museum
Imagine coming face to face with ten complete dinosaur skeletons in the Dinosaur exhibit!As you walk through the museum，you will come across the Exploring Australia exhibit which will take you through stuffed recreations of some of Australia's most dangerous animals including the now﹣extinct Tasmanian Tiger，ten most poisonous snakes and a number of crocodiles.Certainly，this is a museum you will not want to miss out on.
Museum of Sydney
Here you will learn everything about the rich and diverse history of this city.The digital presentations will interest you.Get the opportunity to view a huge range of artifacts from Sydney's history.The gift shop in the museum gives you a wide range of special gifts to choose for your loved ones.
（1）What is special about Powerhouse Museum？
A.It's especially kid﹣friendly.
B.Its exhibits are the latest.
C.It tells Australia's early history.
D.It reflects Sydney's life near the sea.
（2）Where does the Exploring Australia exhibit take place？
A.Powerhouse Museum.
B.Museum of Sydney.
C.Australian Museum.
D.Australian National Maritime Museum.
（3）Who are the intended readers of this text？
A.Students.
B.Tourists.
C.Historians.
D.Journalists.
【答案】ACB
【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了悉尼几个值得参观的博物馆。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Detailing innovations in space travel，nuclear science and the workings of light，electricity and gravity，they will surely interest your entire family，especially the young ones. （详细介绍太空旅行、核科学以及光、电和重力的工作原理方面的创新，肯定会引起你全家的兴趣，尤其是年轻人。）可知，Powerhouse Museum"动力博物馆"尤其会引起年轻人的兴趣，即受小孩子喜欢。故选A项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段As you walk through the museum，you will come across the Exploring Australia exhibit which will take you through stuffed recreations of some of Australia's most dangerous animals including the now﹣extinct Tasmanian Tiger，ten most poisonous snakes and a number of crocodiles. （当你穿过博物馆时，你会看到"探索澳大利亚"展览，它将带你参观澳大利亚一些最危险的动物的填充物，包括现已灭绝的塔斯马尼亚虎、十条最毒的蛇和一些鳄鱼。）可知，Australian Museum"澳大利亚博物馆"里有"探索澳大利亚"展览。故选C项。
（3）推理判断题。根据第一段If you are visiting museums in Sydney，the following will offer you the best experiences that reflect on the diverse history of Australia and its people. （如果你正在参观悉尼的博物馆，以下将为你提供反映澳大利亚及其人民多样历史的最佳体验。）可知，这篇文章是写给去悉尼旅行的人的。故选B项。
passage 6
With lion dance，Chinese Kongfu，Chinese crosstalk，songs and dances，and award﹣winning speeches，students from across New Zealand showed their Chinese language skills in the annual "Chinese Bridge" event held on Saturday.
Fifteen secondary school students and two primary school students participated in the event，which was organized by the Confucius Institute in Auckland.
Naisi，a New Zealand member of parliament （议会），reflected on his own experience of learning Chinese.He came to New Zealand at five.He had very patient Chinese teachers and passed the Chinese language tests smoothly.The capability to speak Chinese grounded him well in his Chinese culture.He is looking forward to hearing from bilingual （双语） talents who will help New Zealand become more diverse and promote cross﹣cultural exchanges.
Elijah from the Lincoln High School started learning Chinese when he was eleven.It was his fifth time to participate in the "Chinese Bridge".He said that learning Chinese is of great help for him to know China better and he wished to visit the Great Wall in Beijing，the Oriental Pearl Tower in Shanghai and the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan.
Ryan from the Christchurch Boy's High School said that learning Chinese provides him with more opportunities for future career development.He said it was awesome that learning Chinese could allow him to make friends with 1.4 billion people.
Chinese Ambassador Trophy from ACG Parnell College said that learning Chinese had opened a new door for him.From leaning Chinese，he started to understand the meaning of filial piety （孝顺），which made him closer to his parents.He learned Chinese very hard and wished the friendship between New Zealand and China makes further progress.
（1）What can we learn about"Chinese Bridge"event from the first paragraph？
A．It's a Chinese bridge.
B．It's held on weekdays.
C．It's a yearly event.
D．It's held for Chinese students.
（2）Why could Naisi know Chinese culture well？
A．He relied on his own experience.
B．He had the ability to speak Chinese.
C．He began to learn Chinese at five.
D．He attracted some bilingual talents.
（3）What has Trophy benefited from learning Chinese？
A．Organizing the cross﹣culture event.
B．Securing him a job in China.
C．Visiting China with a scholarship.
D．Having a better relationship with his parents.
（4）What did the four men mentioned in the passage think of learning Chinese？
A．Amusing.
B．Meaningful.
C．Efficient.
D．Tough.
【答案】CBDB
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了在新西兰举行的年度"汉语桥"活动以及参与者对此活动的看法和评价。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段With lion dance，Chinese Kongfu，Chinese crosstalk，songs and dances，and award﹣winning speeches，students from across New Zealand showed their Chinese language skills in the annual "Chinese Bridge" event held on Saturday. （在周六举行的一年一度的"汉语桥"活动上，来自新西兰各地的学生们通过舞狮、中国功夫、中国相声、歌舞和获奖演讲展示了他们的汉语技能。）可知，"汉语桥"活动是一年一度的活动，annual意为"每年的"，相当于yearly。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段The capability to speak Chinese grounded him well in his Chinese culture. （说中文的能力使他很好地融入了中国文化。）可知，Naisi能熟知中国文化是因为他会说中文。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段From leaning Chinese，he started to understand the meaning of filial piety （孝顺），which made him closer to his parents. （通过学习中文，他开始理解孝顺的含义，这使他与父母更亲近。）可知，Trophy学习中文让他与父母有更好的关系。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据第三段The capability to speak Chinese grounded him well in his Chinese culture.（说中文的能力使他很好地融入了中国文化。）以及第四段He said that learning Chinese is of great help for him to know China better and ... （他说，学习汉语对他更好地了解中国有很大帮助，......）、第五段Ryan from the Christchurch Boy's High School said that learning Chinese provides him with more opportunities for future career development.He said it was awesome that learning Chinese could allow him to make friends with 1.4 billion people. （来自克赖斯特彻奇男子高中的Ryan表示，学习中文为他未来的职业发展提供了更多的机会。他说，学习中文可以让他和14亿人交朋友，这太棒了。）和第六段Chinese Ambassador Trophy from ACG Parnell College said that learning Chinese had opened a new door for him.From leaning Chinese，he started to understand the meaning of filial piety （孝顺），which made him closer to his parents.He learned Chinese very hard and wished the friendship between New Zealand and China makes further progress. （ACG帕内尔学院的中国大使奖杯说，学习中文为他打开了一扇新的大门。通过学习中文，他开始理解孝顺的含义，这使他与父母更亲近。他努力学习中文，祝愿新中友谊不断发展。）可推断，文章中提到的四个人对学习汉语的看法是有意义的。故选B。
passage 7
Chinese ink paintings once were on the edge of being forgotten﹣at least according to a paper of Li Xiaoshan，a postgraduate art student.
At the time，many Chinese painting professionals passed away without finding younger artists to fill their shoes.Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs and define themselves as artists.While extremely exaggerated （夸张），Li's comment sent shock waves through the Chinese painting community.Since then，many experimental painters have taken to their studios in China，creating many astonishing and inspirational ink paintings using new methods and concepts，marking an important step for the development of contemporary Chinese paintings.
Shao Ge is a representative of this new form.Born to an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962，Shao was keen on traditional Chinese paintings.As a child，he spent much of his time staring at the ink masterpieces in the Palace Museum.There was an elder neighbor，who was good at Chinese painting and calligraphy.In his spare time，the kind elder talked about traditional Chinese culture to young Shao.Some years later，Shao decided to study painting after graduating from high school.After graduating in the Beijing Arts and Crafts School in 1978，Shao was sent to work at a small crafts factory.Before long，the factory went bankrupt.Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for RongBao Zhai，a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672.This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings.
"At first，I just drew everything﹣landscapes，figures，flowers，birds，and fish，" Shao said. "But I soon found sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese paintings would be a brake on my development as a professional painter.For this reason，I decided to innovate my own style."
（1）What do the underlined words "fill their shoes" mean in Paragraph 2？
A．Calm them down.
B．Ask them for help.
C．Focus on themselves.
D．Take over their roles.
（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly introduce about Shao Ge？
A．His journey to art.
B．His family background.
C．His neighbor's influence.
D．His passion for learning.
（3）What will be probably talked about in the next paragraph？
A．People's view of Shao's painting.
B．Shao's impact on Chinese painting.
C．The development of traditional painting.
D．Shao's successful experiment in painting.
（4）In which column of a newspaper can this text probably be found？
A．Fashion.
B．Feature.
C．Education.
D．Literature.
pas【答案】（1）﹣（4）DADB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国当代实验水墨家代表人物——邵戈，介绍了其成名过程以及艺术特色。
【解答】（1）词句猜测题。根据划线短语上一句At the time，many Chinese painting professionals passed away （当时，许多中国画专业人士去世了）"可知，老一辈的国画家去世了；而根据划线短语下一句"Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs （年轻的艺术家们只能靠自己去寻找突破）可知，年轻的艺术家们只有靠自己去突破，由此判断，老一辈国画家去世后，年轻的艺术家们还未具有取代他们的地位的能力。所以fill their shoes为"接管他们的角色；取代他们的地位"之意。A．Calm them down.让他们冷静下来；B．Ask them for help.请他们帮忙；C．Focus on themselves.专注于自己；D．Take over their roles.接管他们的角色。故答案为D。
（2）段落大意题。根据文章第三段Shao Ge is a representative of this new form.Born to an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962，Shao was keen on traditional Chinese paintings.As a child，he spent much of his time staring at the ink masterpieces in the Palace Museum.There was an elder neighbor，who was good at Chinese painting and calligraphy.In his spare time，the kind elder talked about traditional Chinese culture to young Shao.Some years later，Shao decided to study painting after graduating from high school.After graduating in the Beijing Arts and Crafts School in 1978，Shao was sent to work at a small crafts factory.Before long，the factory went bankrupt.Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for RongBao Zhai，a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672.This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings. （邵戈就是这种新形式的代表。邵戈1962年出生于北京的一个普通家庭，他热衷于中国画。作为一个孩子，他花了很多时间盯着故宫博物院的水墨杰作。有一个年长的邻居，他擅长中国画和书法。闲暇时，这位慈祥的老人给小邵讲起了中国传统文化。若干年后，邵戈高中毕业后决定学习绘画。1978年，邵戈从北京工艺美术学校毕业后，被送到一家小工艺品厂工作。不久，这家工厂就破产了。邵戈后来通过考试，成为了1672年成立的中国著名美术馆荣宝斋的画家。这一事业上的飞跃让邵戈走上了水墨画的道路。）可知，本段主要介绍了邵戈追求艺术的道路。A．His journey to art.他的艺术之旅；B．His family background.他的家庭背景；C．His neighbor's influence.他邻居的影响；D．His passion for learning.他对学习的热情。故答案为A。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"At first，I just drew everything﹣landscapes，figures，flowers，birds，and fish，" Shao said. "But I soon found sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese paintings would be a brake on my development as a professional painter.For this reason，I decided to innovate my own style." （"一开始，我什么都画﹣﹣﹣风景、人物、花鸟和鱼，"邵说。"但我很快发现，坚持中国画的传统思想和技巧会阻碍我成为一名职业画家。因此，我决定创新自己的风格。"）可知，下文将讲述邵戈如何开始走上实验水墨画的道路并取得成功。故答案为D。
passage 8
Some Italian architects have completed the first 3 D﹣printed home made from clay recently.It is called TECLA，which comes from "technology" and "clay".
Its founder，Mario Cucinella，points out that building homes from earth is not new.Adobe﹣made from a mix of earth，water and organic material﹣is one of the world's earliest construction materials，known for its firmness，and bio﹣degradability.He hopes that its design can become a practical option to house people who lack adequate housing due to financial issues.
Over the past few years，many 3 D﹣printed homes and communities have been conceptualized，promising low construction costs.But while previous structures were built using concrete or plastic，TECLA was mainly built from soil at the site mixed with water and fibers from rice husks.Cucinella believes this approach can be adopted in different parts of the world，using whatever local materials are available，and could be particularly helpful in remote areas，where industrial construction materials are harder to come by.
Printing with clay has its drawbacks.It's a much slower process than quick﹣drying concrete 3 D﹣printed homes and all﹣clay skyscrapers are not likely in the future.However，the use of available soil and the program's ease of construction mean that TECLA could be well﹣suited to provide housing in many different countries.It is estimated that by 2030，3 billion people will require access to accessible and affordable residences. "You can build this kind of house in many more places when you are not dependent on some specific product，" Cucinella explained.
TECLA has drawn wide attention. "I'm not in the position to say this will be the future of all houses on the planet， "Russo，another 3 D﹣printing architect said.However，he added， "I think this revolution of 3 D printing is to give people a degree of freedom in how to do things，without being connected to a big，professional industry."
（1）What's the purpose of TECLA？
A．To make 3 D﹣printed homes firmer.
B．To assist in solving housing issues.
C．To provide alternatives for house buyers.
D．To help the poor through financial difficulty.
（2）What can we learn about the construction of TECLA？
A．It's quite expensive.
B．It takes a shorter time.
C．It's a demanding process.
D．It's flexible in material selection.
（3）What is Russo's attitude to TECLA？
A．Favorable.
B．Critical.
C．Doubtful.
D．Tolerant.
（4）What's the text mainly about？
A．A design that can replace the previous patterns.
B．A technology that takes the lead in architecture.
C．A structure where tradition meets new technology.
D．A trend where technology is coupled with architecture.
【答案】（1）﹣（4）BDAC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了首个由黏土制成的3 D打印房屋。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段He hopes that its design can become a practical option to house people who lack adequate housing due to financial issues.（他希望它的设计可以成为一个实际的选择，为那些由于经济问题而缺乏足够住房的人提供住房。）可知，TECLA的设计意图是为了帮助那些有经济问题的人解决住房问题。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段But while previous structures were built using concrete or plastic，TECLA was mainly built from soil at the site mixed with water and fibers from rice husks.Cucinella believes this approach can be adopted in different parts of the world，using whatever local materials are available，and could be particularly helpful in remote areas，where industrial construction materials are harder to come by.（但是，虽然以前的结构是用混凝土或塑料建造的，TECLA主要是用现场的土壤与水和稻壳纤维混合建造的。Cucinella认为，这种方法可以在世界不同的地方采用，使用任何当地可用的材料，在工业建筑材料更难获得的偏远地区尤其有用。）可知，TECLA的建造在选材上更为灵活。故选D。
（3）观点态度题。根据文章最后一段However，he added， "I think this revolution of 3 D printing is to give people a degree of freedom in how to do things，without being connected to a big，professional industry."（然而，他补充说："我认为3 D打印的这场革命让人们在如何做事方面有了一定程度的自由，而无需与大型专业行业联系在一起。"）可知，Russo对TECLA的态度是支持的。A．Favorable.支持的；B．Critical.关键的；C．Doubtful.怀疑的；D．Tolerant.忍受的。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Some Italian architects have completed the first 3 D﹣printed home made from clay recently.It is called TECLA，which comes from "technology" and "clay".（近日，一些意大利建筑师完成了首个由粘土制成的3 D打印房屋。它被称为TECLA，由"技术"和"粘土"组成。）以及第二段Adobe﹣made from a mix of earth，water and organic material﹣is one of the world's earliest construction materials，known for its firmness，and bio﹣degradability. （Adobe是由土、水和有机材料混合制成的，是世界上最早的建筑材料之一，以其坚固性和可生物降解性而闻名。）可知，本文主要介绍了世界上首个由黏土制成的3 D打印房屋，土、水和有机材料是世界上最古老的建筑材料之一，加上最新的技术，形成了新型建筑。A．A design that can replace the previous patterns.可以取代以前的图案的设计；B．A technology that takes the lead in architecture.引领建筑潮流的技术；C．A structure where tradition meets new technology.传统与新技术相结合的建筑；D．A trend where technology is coupled with architecture.技术与建筑相结合的趋势。故选C。
passage 9
Invented in the Tang Dynasty and widely adopted after the Song Dynasty in Fujian，the watertight﹣bulkhead （水密舱壁） technology permits the construction of ocean﹣going ships with watertight compartments（隔层）.If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged at sea，water will not flood the other cabins and the ships will remain afloat.
The experience and working methods of watertight﹣bulkhead technology are transmitted orally from master to apprentices.However，the need for Chinese junks（中国式帆船） has decreased sharply as wooden ships have been replaced by steel﹣hulled ships，and today only three masters can claim full command of this technology.Associated building costs have also increased owing to a shortage in raw materials.Therefore，the inheritance（继承） of this heritage is decreasing，and inheritors are forced to seek alternative employment.
Zhang Guohui，a 77﹣year﹣old inheritor of the watertight﹣bulkhead techniques used to make Chinese junks，has been making ships for more than six ing from a poor family in a fishing town in East China's Fujian Province，Zhang started to make a living at the age of 16 fishing on the open seas，which is where he developed a keen interest in constructing boats.As a fast learner，Zhang was later sent to shipyards in the cities of Quanzhou and Xiamen in Fujian
Province，where he received training and became a master of traditional Chinese junks and gained fame because of his extremely skilled craftsmanship in the construction of these junks.
In fear that the traditional skills would die someday，Zhang started to restore old ships and make model junks for the museum with his 20 years of shipbuilding skills. "The restored ancient ships are the historical witnesses of Quanzhou as a maritime center of the East and Southeast Asia trade network，" said Zhang，adding that he finds the work meaningful since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of ancient ships that their ancestors had advanced shipbuilding technology at an early stage of development. "As long as I'm alive，I'll keep passing on the heritage，" he said.
（1）What function is expected of the watertight﹣bulkhead technology？
A．To prevent ships from sinking.
B．To reduce the weight of ships.
C．To allow ships to sail faster.
D．To help ships resist strong winds.
（2）Which of the following is the purpose of paragraph 2？
A．To prove the significance of steel﹣hulled ships."
B．To stress the complex process of building wooden ships.
C．To present people's efforts to pass down cultural heritages.
D．To show difficulties of inheriting watertight﹣bulkhead technology.
（3）What can we learn about Zhang Guohui from paragraph 3？
A．He supports his family by fishing.
B．He was born with a talent for shipbuilding.
C．He has devoted himself to constructing boats.
D．He has won many awards for restoring ancient ships.
（4）What does Zhang Guohui convey in his words？
A．Traditional culture should be innovated with the times.
B．The ancient ship trade originated from Quanzhou in China.
C．It is necessary for modern students to learn shipbuilding skills.
D．It is worth passing on traditional skills from generation to generation.
【答案】ADCD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发明于唐代，宋代以后在福建被广泛采用的水密舱壁技术，现在随着木船被钢铁船所取代，今天只有三位大师可以完全掌握这项技术，几近失传，这是宝贵的中国非物质文化遗产。并介绍了一位致力于该项技术推广与宣传的传承人﹣﹣﹣张国辉老人。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged at sea，water will not flood the other cabins and the ships will remain a float.（如果一两个舱室在海上意外损坏，水不会淹没其他舱室，船只将保持漂浮）可知，水密舱壁技术可以在船只部分受损的情况下，仍可以继续保持漂浮不下沉。故选A。
（2）写作意图题。根据第二段However，the need for Chinese junks（中国式帆船） has decreased sharply as wooden ships have been replaced by steel﹣hulled ships，and today only three masters can claim full command of this technology.Associated building costs have also increased owing to a shortage in raw materials.Therefore，the inheritance（继承） of this heritage is decreasing，and inheritors are forced to seek alternative employment.（然而，随着木船被钢壳船所取代，对中国舢板的需求急剧减少，今天只有三位大师可以声称完全掌握这项技术。由于原材料短缺，相关的建筑费用也增加了。因此，这一遗产的继承性正在减少，继承者被迫寻找替代工作）可知，本段在讲述当今时代传承这项技术的种种困难。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段首Zhang Guohui，a 77﹣year﹣old inheritor of the watertight﹣bulkhead techniques used to make Chinese junks，has been making ships for more than six decades.（ 继承了制造中国帆船的防水舱壁技术 的77岁老人张国辉，已经有60多年的造船经验）可知，张国辉老人一生都致力于造船事业。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中adding that he finds the work meaningful since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of ancient ships that their ancestors had advanced shipbuilding technology at an early stage of development. （他又补充说他认为这项工作很有意义，因为年轻一代可以从古船展览中了解到他们的祖先在早期发展阶段拥有先进的造船技术）可知，老人说这些话表明他认为致力于代代传承这一传统技艺是有意义的，是值得的。故选D。
passage 10
The Chinese new year begins on 22 January，2023 and lasts until 9 February 2024.While most of Asia celebrates the year of the rabbit，Vietnam celebrates the year of the cat.In the Chinese zodiac（十二生肖），there are 12 animals，and the 4th animal is the rabbit；while in the Vietnamese zodiac，the 4th position is occupied by the cat.How the cat covered for the rabbit in Vietnam's zodiac is still the subject of debate.
It was said the Jade Emperor organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world.The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the zodiac.In the Chinese version of the story，the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water.The rat won the race，turning the two animals into enemies.That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since.However，in the Vietnamese version—which did not have a rabbit—the cat could swim and ended up arriving.
One possible explanation for replacing rabbit with cat might have to do with language.In old Chinese，there is' a word tied to the sign of the rabbit that is pronounced mao （卯）.The pronunciation is similar to mèo，the Vietnamese word for cat.
Quyen Di，a lecturer at UCLA，said the custom has to do with the landscape of Vietnam. "Initially，the Chinese lived in the savanna（稀树草原）area，while the Vietnamese lived in the lowland area.The people of the savanna prefer a nomadic life，close to the wilderness，and they chose the rabbit as an animal that lived in the wild fields.In contrast，the lowland people of Vietnam consider rabbits as animals that are used for food and chose the cat because they believe cats are friends living in their house.
This year，many Vietnamese are buying new cat﹣themed cases for their mobile phones.And one of the top Google searches in Vietnam is "why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac".
（1）What does the underlined phrase "covered for" in paragraph 1 refer to？
A．took charge of.
B．fought for.
C．took the place of.
D．depended on.
（2）What can we learn from the Vietnamese zodiac story？
A．The Jade Emperor showed favor to the cat.
B．The rabbit fell into the river in the zodiac race.
C．The cat finished fourth by swimming across the river.
D．The rat and the rabbit were enemies in ancient times.
（3）According to Quyen Di，what made the Vietnamese choose the cat？
A．Their living environment.
B．Their language pronunciation.
C．Their lifestyle of raising cats as pets .
D．Their custom of hunting rabbits for food.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．The History of the Chinese Zodiac
B．Ways of Celebrating the Year of the Rabbit.
C．The Popularity of Chinese Traditional Culture
D．The Origin of the Year of the Cat in Vietnam
Vietnam's zodiac is still the subject of debate.
It was said the Jade Emperor organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world.The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the zodiac.In the Chinese version of the story，the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water.The rat won the race，turning the two animals into enemies.That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since.However，in the Vietnamese version—which did not have a rabbit—the cat could swim and ended up arriving.
One possible explanation for replacing rabbit with cat might have to do with language.In old Chinese，there is' a word tied to the sign of the rabbit that is pronounced mao （卯）.The pronunciation is similar to mèo，the Vietnamese word for cat.
Quyen Di，a lecturer at UCLA，said the custom has to do with the landscape of Vietnam. "Initially，the Chinese lived in the savanna（稀树草原）area，while the Vietnamese lived in the lowland area.The people of the savanna prefer a nomadic life，close to the wilderness，and they chose the rabbit as an animal that lived in the wild fields.In contrast，the lowland people of Vietnam consider rabbits as animals that are used for food and chose the cat because they believe cats are friends living in their house.
This year，many Vietnamese are buying new cat﹣themed cases for their mobile phones.And one of the top Google searches in Vietnam is "why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac".
（1）What does the underlined phrase "covered for" in paragraph 1 refer to？ C
A．took charge of.
B．fought for.
C．took the place of.
D．depended on.
（2）What can we learn from the Vietnamese zodiac story？ C
A．The Jade Emperor showed favor to the cat.
B．The rabbit fell into the river in the zodiac race.
C．The cat finished fourth by swimming across the river.
D．The rat and the rabbit were enemies in ancient times.
（3）According to Quyen Di，what made the Vietnamese choose the cat？ A
A．Their living environment.
B．Their language pronunciation.
C．Their lifestyle of raising cats as pets .
D．Their custom of hunting rabbits for food.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？ D
A．The History of the Chinese Zodiac
B．Ways of Celebrating the Year of the Rabbit.
C．The Popularity of Chinese Traditional Culture
D．The Origin of the Year of the Cat in Vietnam
【答案】CCAD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讨论了越南生肖与中国生肖的区别，重点介绍了猫和兔子。
【解答】（1）词句猜测题。根据第一段中In the Chinese zodiac（十二生肖），there are 12 animals，and the 4th animal is the rabbit；while in the Vietnamese zodiac，the 4th position is occupied by the cat. （在中国十二生肖中，有12种动物，第4位是兔子；而在越南十二生肖中，第四位被猫占据）由此可知，与中国的12生肖中第4位是兔子不同的是，在越南的12生肖中，第4位是猫，即：兔的位置被猫代替了。由此可推测covered for意思为"取代，代替"。A．took charge of负责；B．fought for为......斗争；C．took the place of代替；D．depended on依赖。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段In the Chinese version of the story，the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water.The rat won the race，turning the two animals into enemies.That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since.However，in the Vietnamese version—which did not have a rabbit—the cat could swim and ended up arriving. （在中文版的故事中，当老鼠把猫推入水中时，猫和老鼠骑着牛过河时，老鼠把猫推入了水中。老鼠赢得了比赛，这将两只动物变成了敌人。这就是为什么从那以后猫一直在猎杀老鼠。然而，在越南版本中﹣﹣﹣没有兔子﹣﹣﹣猫可以游泳并最终到达。）可知，由于在越南的生肖中没有兔子，所以猫游过河并获得了第四名。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段中In contrast，the lowland people of Vietnam consider rabbits as animals that are used for food and chose the cat because they believe cats are friends living in their house. （相比之下，越南的低地人认为兔子是用来做食物的动物，他们选择猫是因为他们认为猫是住在他们家的朋友。）可知，越南人在选择生肖中的动物时，猫的选择受到了他们的生存环境的影响。生活在低地区的人认为兔子是可以用来作为食品的动物，而猫则是作为他们家里的朋友而存在的动物。故选A。
（4）标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了越南生肖与中国生肖的区别，重点介绍了猫和兔子。文章提供了关于越南猫年起源的信息，并探讨了替换的可能原因。因此，D选项The Origin of the Year of the Cat in Vietnam（越南猫年的起源）是本文最合适的标题。故选D。
passage 11
One of the most famous literary challenges in history was when Dr.Seuss received a challenge from his publisher that he could only use 50 words to write an entire book.That's all well and good，but it's a tough challenge，to be sure.
However，Ernest Vincent Wright would no doubt turn up his nose，as he challenged himself to pen an entire 50，000﹣word novel without once using the letter "e".
Wright managed to pull it off.The final product was Gadsby，which is about a man named，well，Gadsby，who tries to save his city with the help of a youth group.It took Wright nearly six months to complete the work，and in his introduction pages he mentioned the challenges along the way.
One of the biggest challenges was replacing pronouns，since it' s tough to write a sentence，let alone a novel，without words like "he" or "she" or "her" and so forth.Additionally，he was forced to find ways to work around using past tense words that typically end in "﹣ed"，which，as you might imagine，is more than a little tricky.
Still，Wright did manage to come up with 50，110 words and a full story without any cheats，making it one of the most successful lipograms （避讳某字之文） in the history of writing.Wright self﹣published the book in 1939 and it was read primarily by people who tried to find any cheats，so convinced were they that Wright simply must have used the letter.
The entire novel is available online to read for free，as domain in 1968.It's a good thing，too，as the storehouse that contained the majority of the copies burned down，destroying enough of the books that it has since become a rare book collector's prize，with copies being valued at thousands of dollars.
At the end of the day，of course，it remains a truly great achievement.After all， "e" is the most commonly used letter in English，with more than 11 percent of all words in the Oxford dictionary containing at least one "e".
（1）What did Wright challenge himself to write？
A.An entire book.with 50 words.
B.A 50，000﹣word book in six months.
C.An entire book including "e" 50，000 times.
D.A 50，000﹣word book without the letter "e".
（2）What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？
A.The difficulties Wright faced.
B.The plot of Wright's final product.
C.The popularity of Wright' s final product.
D.The smart ways Wright used to replace pronouns.
（3）What can we infer about the readers of Gadsby？
A.They considered the book a great success.
B.They doubted if Wright really made it.
C.They wondered what lipograms mean.
D.They expected the book to be available online.
（4）Why do Wright' s book copies become valuable？
A.Due to their rarity.
B.Because Wright won a big prize.
C.Because they had a really long history.
D.Due to book collectors' recommendation.
【答案】DABA
【分析】本文是记叙文。Ernest Vincent Wright挑战自我，在完全不使用字母"e"的前提下，写了一本五万多字的书。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段However，Ernest Vincent Wright would no doubt turn up his nose，as he challenged himself to pen an entire 50，000﹣word novel without once using the letter "e".（然而，欧内斯特 文森特 赖特（Ernest Vincent Wright）无疑会嗤之以鼻，因为他挑战自己写了一部5万字的小说，一次也没有使用字母"e"。）可知，Wright挑战自己写一部五万字的小说，不使用字母"e"。故选D。
（2）段落大意题。根据第三段Wright managed to pull it off.The final product was Gadsby，which is about a man named，well，Gadsby，who tries to save his city with the help of a youth group.It took Wright nearly six months to complete the work，and in his introduction pages he mentioned the challenges along the way.（赖特成功地做到了。最终的作品是《加兹比》，讲的是一个叫加兹比的人，他试图在一个青年组织的帮助下拯救他的城市。赖特花了将近六个月的时间完成了这项工作，在他的介绍页中，他提到了过程中的挑战。）可知本段主要介绍Wright在写书过程中遇到的挑战。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段Wright self﹣published the book in 1939 and it was read primarily by people who tried to find any cheats，so convinced were they that Wright simply must have used the letter.（1939年，赖特自己出版了这本书，读这本书的主要是那些试图找出任何作弊行为的人，他们非常确信赖特一定是用了这封信。）可知，Wright的书Gadsby的读者主要是那些试图找出Wright作弊的人，他们深信Wright的书中一定出现过"e"。由此可推知，Gadsby的读者怀疑Wright是否真的能够做到不用"e"写完一本书。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段.It's a good thing，too，as the storehouse that contained the majority of the copies burned down，destroying enough of the books that it has since become a rare book collector's prize，with copies being valued at thousands of dollars.（这也是一件好事，因为存放大部分副本的仓库被烧毁了，毁坏了足够多的书，以至于它已经成为稀有书籍收藏家的奖品，副本价值数千美元。）可知，由于存放着Wright大部分书籍的仓库被烧毁，因此Wright的这本书成为一位罕见图书收藏家的藏品，书籍的价值甚至高达数千美元。由此可知，由于Wright的这本书现在很罕见了，因此它变得很珍贵。故选A。
passage 12
Not every architectural landmark is grand in scale，with splendid decorations，or amazing colors.Suzhou Gardens may just be the opposite.
When a group of monks during the Yuan Dynasty （1271﹣1368）first constructed Lion Grove Garden，they may have just wanted to enjoy a quiet place，hidden away from urban noise，while in the following centuries，this charming garden ﹣ most notable for its waterside rockeries resembling the shape of lions—has attracted a constant stream of celebrity guests，who have left a long list of poems，paintings and historical anecdotes （轶事）.
In recent years，nine of the best﹣known classical gardens of Suzhou，including Lion Grove Garden，Humble Administrator's Garden and Great Wave Pavilion，were registered into the World Heritage List.As UNESCO remarks， "Classical Chinese garden design，which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature （缩略图），is nowhere better illustrated than in the nine gardens，which reflect the profound natural beauty in Chinese culture and inspire people to pursue harmony with the world."
Nowadays，relevant administrations have been trying to restore the historical landscapes of Suzhou's classical gardens.Consequently，last year，a new project was launched allowing tourists in small groups to reserve places to enter the garden in the early morning before the regular opening time.Their visit ended with them completing the last step in making a traditional folding fan，adding a poem about the garden on its surface.The experience was also regarded as a way to help people understand the wisdom，elegance and philosophical worldview of the ancient Chinese literati （文人）.
The delicate beauty of the gardens still flows via the canals that snake across Suzhou.Hardly felt，their strength in shaping the city's character seems to last forever.
（1）What's the purpose of building the Lion Grove Garden？
A.To share historical anecdotes.
B.To attract celebrity guests.
C.To enjoy the beautiful scenery.
D.To stay far from the madding crowd.
（2）What do Suzhou Gardens show？
A.Splendid decorations.
B.Grand beauty.
C.Human﹣nature harmony.
D.Amazing colors.
（3）What can we know about the project from Paragraph 4？
A.It featured traditional Chinese elements.
B.Small groups without reservation were welcome.
C.Its main aim was to help people approach poems.
D.It was launched when the gardens were open to the public.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A.Suzhou Gardens，a place of national pride
B.Suzhou Gardens，a place with natural beauty
C.Suzhou Gardens，a place that shows the decorations and colors
D.Suzhou Gardens，a place that reflects the philosophy and culture
【答案】DBAB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了，苏州园林的起源、美丽的自然景观和国家对保护它的努力。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。由第二段中的When a group of monks during the Yuan Dynasty （1271﹣1368）first constructed Lion Grove Garden，they may have just wanted to enjoy a quiet place，hidden away from urban noise （元朝（1271﹣1368年），一群僧人第一次建造狮子林时，他们可能只是想享受一个远离城市噪音的安静地方）可知，建造狮子林的目的是远离喧嚣的人群。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。由第三段中的Classical Chinese garden design，which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature （缩略图），is nowhere better illustrated than in the nine gardens，which reflect the profound natural beauty in Chinese culture and inspire people to pursue harmony with the world. （中国古典园林设计力求以微型形式再现自然景观，这在九座园林中得到了最好的诠释，这九座园林反映了中国文化中深厚的自然美，并激励人们追求与世界的和谐）可知，苏州园林展示了中国文化中深厚的自然美或大美。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。由第四段中的Their visit ended with them completing the last step in making a traditional folding fan，adding a poem about the garden on its surface.The experience was also regarded as a way to help people understand the wisdom，elegance and philosophical worldview of the ancient Chinese literati （文人）. （游客的参观以他们完成制作传统折扇的最后一步——在折扇表面加上一首关于花园的诗而结束。这段经历也被视为帮助人们理解中国古代文人的智慧、优雅和哲学世界观的一种方式）可得出该项目具有中国传统元素。故选A。
（4）标题判断题。第一段引出苏州园林，第二段讲苏州园林的起源，第三段简要介绍苏州园林及其设计理念（展示美丽的自然景观，鼓励人与自然和谐相处），第四段讲相关部门恢复苏州古典园林历史景观的努力，最后一段讲苏州园林的精致之美对城市的意义，文章围绕苏州园林的自然美展开，B项Suzhou Gardens，a place with natural beauty"苏州园林，一个自然美的地方"符合文意。故选B。
passage 13
To really know a country，you need to understand its culture and history.
That was why journalist and media expert Zhang Ciyun began his work on a six﹣volume（册）exploration of ancient Chinese wisdom as reflected in myths，classics works，idioms，paintings，historical figures and architecture.
The English﹣language edition of the book series was unveiled at last week's Shanghai Book Fair.The series caters for an increasing number of foreign readers who are deeply interested in traditional Chinese culture.
"The idea of the book series came to me nearly three decades ago，when I discovered how little foreigners knew about Chinese culture"，Zhang said. "Oh，they knew about kung fu movies，the Great Wall and the terracotta warriors，and had vague impressions of Chinese emperors.But they wanted to know more about Chinese culture."
Zhang，a founder and former editor﹣in﹣chief of the English﹣language Shanghai Daily，is fluent in English.He draws on that skill to tell the stories of ancient China in the everyday language and experiences of native English speakers.
Zhang said ancient culture has had a far﹣reaching impact on the behavior and thinking of contemporary Chinese，and gives foreign readers insight into modern﹣day China.
He recalled a Shanghai Daily survey of readers that showed foreigners had great curiosity about Chinese culture.But at that time，books that might help them explore deeper into that culture were pieces scattered（散布）over different publications.There were no books in English providing easy access to Chinese history and culture.
"As a journalist working for an English﹣language newspaper，I really wanted to do something to meet that need，" he said. "I decided to use my writing skills to tell ancient stories about Chinese culture，especially its traditional aspects."
He began his project in about 1993，beginning with a series of articles explaining the stories behind Chinese idioms.His first works were compiled into one book，which received positive feedback and was later translated into German and other foreign languages.
（1）What can we learn about Zhang Ciyun's books？
A．They involve various Chinese culture forms.
B．They have been translated into German.
C．They were not well received at first.
D．They were accomplished in 1993.
（2）Why did Zhang write the book series？
A．To record ancient Chinese wisdom.
B．To spread Chinese culture.
C．To pursue fame and interests.
D．To promote Shanghai Daily.
（3）What can be inferred about foreigners' learning Chinese culture in the past？
A．No English books about Chinese ancient culture were available.
B．Foreigners showed little interest in learning about Chinese culture.
C．It was not convenient for foreigners to learn about Chinese culture.
D．English books on Chinese culture were published in large numbers.
（4）Which of the following best describes Zhang？
A．Famous and humorous.
B．Creative and responsible.
C．Ambitious but unlucky.
D．Wise but conservative.
【答案】ABCB
【分析】本文是一篇报道。讲述了中国著名新闻人张慈云，介绍了张慈云写的中国文化的英文版丛书。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段That was why journalist and media expert Zhang Ciyun began his work on a six﹣volume（册）exploration of ancient Chinese wisdom as reflected in myths，classics works，idioms，paintings，historical figures and architecture.（这就是为什么媒体专家张慈云开始了他的六册作品的原因，这些作品探索了神话、古典作品、谚语、绘画、历史人物以及建筑中的中国古人的智慧。）可知，张慈云的作品涉及了中国文化的方方面面。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的I decided to use my writing skills to tell ancient stories about Chinese culture，especially its traditional aspects.（我决定用我的写作技巧来讲述中国文化的古代故事，尤其是中国传统文化。）可知，张慈云写书的目的是要传播中国文化。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的There were no books in English providing easy access to Chinese history and culture.（没有一本英语版本的书能够便捷地提供关于中国历史和文化的知识。）可知，以前外国人想要了解中国文化和历史是很不容易的。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据第四段中的"The idea of the book series came to me nearly three decades ago，when I discovered how little foreigners knew about Chinese culture"，Zhang said. "Oh，they knew about kung fu movies，the Great Wall and the terracotta warriors，and had vague impressions of Chinese emperors.But they wanted to know more about Chinese culture."（"近三十年前，当我发现外国人对中国文化知之甚少时，我萌生了这本书系列的想法"，张说。"哦，他们知道功夫电影、长城和兵马俑，对中国皇帝印象模糊。但他们想了解更多中国文化。"）以及倒数第二段中的I decided to use my writing skills to tell ancient stories about Chinese culture，especially its traditional aspects.（我决定用我的写作技巧来讲述中国文化的古代故事，尤其是中国传统文化。）可知，张慈云有创新意识，而且是一个有责任感的人。A．Famous and humorous.著名且幽默的；B．Creative and responsible.富有创造力和责任心；C．Ambitious but unlucky.雄心勃勃但不幸的；D．Wise but conservative.明智但保守的。故选B。
passage 14
Time and time again，I hear someone ask why anyone would want to keep an "ugly" building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work.I think you could say we preservationists （文物保护者） look at buildings through a different angle ﹣﹣ an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck，the story in the simple lines，the book behind the cover.
Take the Queen Emma Building for example.While people may remember that building being named as one of the ugliest buildings in town，the angle from which a preservationist will view the building is that it is uniquely constructed with an artistical brise﹣soleil （遮阳板） to block the sun.The designer used standard concrete bricks to form a decorative wall.Unfortunately，the brise﹣soleil was removed in 2011，making the building look like many of the contemporary buildings in town.
Sometimes people remember a beautiful site that was replaced by a "horrid" piece of architecture and can't get over their anger，even when that building becomes an important part of our story.This is particularly true in San Francisco where many preservationists themselves dislike anything newer than the Victorian era.Yes，it was a tragedy that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago，but those losses also tell another important story.It
