被动语态讲解

初中英语被动语态专项讲解（小奥）
一、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.
1.时态保持一致。
2. 由动词+ 介词/副词构成的短语动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, , listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词：如： find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off,
think over, turn down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), work out, turn out 等。 The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
3.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，。
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，
如：bring, give, hand, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。
一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,
如：build, buy, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。
有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me. )
People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语)
4.结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”变被动态时，将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。
1).They asked me to help them. →I was asked to help them.
2.)Now people can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) use computers to help them →.comouter can be used to help them .
3.)We must keep the room clean . → The room must be kept clean .
4.)We saw them coming over. →They were seen coming over.
5.如果复合宾语是由“宾语+不带t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o的动词不定式”构成，变为被动语态时，动词不定式前的to要补出来。常见的有：一感（feel），二听（hear，listen to ）三让（let ,make ,have ）四看（watch ,see ,notice ,observe,+look at ）但动词为let时，to仍可省略。
6.如果原句宾语有后置定语修饰，变为被动语态时，应把后置修饰语随同宾语一同提前。
Eg：we clean the w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )indows of our classroom every day . →The windows of our classroom are cleaned every day.
7. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobody can answer this question. The question can not be answered by anybody.
8. 当否定句中的宾语是a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。
如：They haven ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t done anything to make the river clean. Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
二．主动形式表被动意义
1．其主语大多为事物。常见的有：sel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l(“销售好)”read(好读”)，write(“好写”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，last，tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take 等、与not，hardly等连用.,或 被well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等修饰时 1). The tickets cost too much and sold badly. 2). Your pen writes better． 3).The door won’t open. 4).The clothes wash easily.
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等
3.某些表示感觉，状态，特征的系动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词eg：feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词，主语是物。 Eg:1.The cloth feels soft.
4、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1.） 动词need, want, re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quire等表示“需要”或“应该”的意义时， 后用动词ing的主动式或动词不定式被动形式表示变动意义.。Eg：.The old bike needs repairing (or: to be repaired).
2）．“主语+be worth do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing”句式中ving形式表达被动含义 Eg：1.This book is well worth reading.
3） 在 “主语 + 系动词+ adj ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). + to do” 结构中，不定式作为主语的补足语对主语作补充说明，与主语之间形成动宾关系时，其主动形式表示被动含义。（形容词通常为easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, heavy等）
Eg:1.The place ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is easy to find in the map. 2.I find the problem difficult to solve.
4） 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hings to do this afternoon． (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st office. Do you have a letter to be posted ( 不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
5） 在there be…句型中，
三．不可用于被动语态的情况
1.当谓语动词是表示静态的及 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物动词（短语）时（eg：have ,cost ,hold ,know ,fit ,belong to…）不可用于被动语态。
2. 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等，其后多为形容词
3.宾语是反身代词，相互代词或与主语对应的物主代词修饰的名词词组时。
4.宾语和动词在意义上为不可分割的固定搭配时。Eg：1.He caught a bad cold last week.
5.宾语是表示数量，长度，大小，处所或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )方位的词时。Eg:1.They reached shanghai early in the next morning .
6.宾语是行为者（人体）的某一部分或人体的器官时。Eg: 1.He could hardly believe his eyes .
7.当宾语是某一组织机构或机关团体名称时。Eg：The man joined the army in1957.
8．一些不及物动词，rise, happ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en, succeed, remain, lie等，不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out,
belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。
一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 (请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
1.It's said(据说) that t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he long bridge______________（build）in two months．
4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. The students __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library
14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
17. Look! Someone __________(dance).
二、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
1.Is tea grown in S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )outh China？（主动语态）_______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．
4. The children w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill sing an English song. (被动语态)An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.
5. You needn't do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it now. (改为被动语态)It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
7. He made me do th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at for him. (改为被动语态) I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.
8.They are wat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ching the football match. (改为被动语态) The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.
9.Did they bu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ild a bridge here a year ago (改为被动语态)__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago
10.They have sold out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the light green dresses. (改被动语态)The light green dresses ________ ________ _______ out.
10. Nobody knew me in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )this town at that time. (改被动语态)
三、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。
①I have a lot of homew ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ork to be done tonight．_______②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？________
③Lei Feng's na ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me remembered by all Chinese people．________④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________
⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed _____________
四( )1.Who _____ this book _____ A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
( )2.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
( )3.The monkey w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
( )4.Older peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after
( )5.Our teach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened
( )6. An accident ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )7. We can't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enter the room because its door______ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking
( )8. They ____day and night. A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work